gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-79039 | 5a8dad7edf8bba001a0f9b65 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Transferring GameCube development to the Wii was relatively simple, since the Wii was being created to be compatible with the GameCube.[o] At E3 2005, Nintendo released a small number of Nintendo DS game cards containing a preview trailer for Twilight Princess. They also announced that Zelda would appear on the Wii (th... | What console boasted compatibility with Twilight Princess? | What console boasted compatibility with Twilight Princess? | [
"What console boasted compatibility with Twilight Princess?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114728 | 570a7de94103511400d5976f | Emotion | This is a communication-based theory developed by Howard M. Weiss and Russell Cropanzano (1996), that looks at the causes, structures, and consequences of emotional experience (especially in work contexts). This theory suggests that emotions are influenced and caused by events which in turn influence attitudes and beha... | When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work? | When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work? | [
"When did Weiss and Cropanzano publish their work?"
] | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38997 | 572a0fec3f37b3190047868a | Serbo-Croatian | The jat-reflex rules are not without exception. For example, when short jat is preceded by r, in most Ijekavian dialects developed into /re/ or, occasionally, /ri/. The prefix prě- ("trans-, over-") when long became pre- in eastern Ijekavian dialects but to prije- in western dialects; in Ikavian pronunciation, it also ... | What is the western equivalent of the prefix "pre"? | What is the western equivalent of the prefix "pre"? | [
"What is the western equivalent of the prefix \"pre\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"prije"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26911 | 5709de964103511400d5948e | United_States_dollar | The U.S. Constitution provides that Congress shall have the power to "borrow money on the credit of the United States". Congress has exercised that power by authorizing Federal Reserve Banks to issue Federal Reserve Notes. Those notes are "obligations of the United States" and "shall be redeemed in lawful money on dema... | Since the 1970s, what is the only type of note that has remained in circulation? | Since the 1970s, what is the only type of note that has remained in circulation? | [
"Since the 1970s, what is the only type of note that has remained in circulation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Federal Reserve Note"
],
"answer_start": [
698
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50030 | 5a81f70131013a001a334fe4 | Phonology | The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Mikołaj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology. He also worked on the theory of phonetic alternations (what is now call... | Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's father? | Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's father? | [
"Who was Jan Baudouin de Courtenay's father?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4502 | 5727fd58ff5b5019007d9a47 | Pope_John_XXIII | In February 1925, the Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Gasparri summoned him to the Vatican and informed him of Pope Pius XI's decision to appoint him as the Apostolic Visitor to Bulgaria (1925–35). On 3 March, Pius XI also named him for consecration as titular archbishop of Areopolis, Jordan. Roncalli was initially ... | When was his nomination as apostolic visitor made official? | When was his nomination as apostolic visitor made official? | [
"When was his nomination as apostolic visitor made official?"
] | {
"text": [
"19 March"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10251 | 56de25ab4396321400ee2609 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | When were the worms found? | When were the worms found? | [
"When were the worms found?"
] | {
"text": [
"the late 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107864 | 571aa66210f8ca140030526d | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to? | In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to? | [
"In the later Abbasid era, what branch of Islam did Iran adhere to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunni"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96987 | 56e1156fe3433e1400422baf | Canon_law | Other churches in the Anglican Communion around the world (e.g., the Episcopal Church in the United States, and the Anglican Church of Canada) still function under their own private systems of canon law. | What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America? | What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America? | [
"What is an example of a member of the Anglican Communion in America?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Episcopal Church"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108990 | 5726e512f1498d1400e8ef16 | Literature | Literature allows readers to access intimate emotional aspects of a person’s character that would not be obvious otherwise. It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader. For example, it allows a person to access emotional states from which the person has distanced himself or herself. An ent... | What writer's entry in "The English Journal" was concerned with young adult fiction? | What writer's entry in "The English Journal" was concerned with young adult fiction? | [
"What writer's entry in \"The English Journal\" was concerned with young adult fiction?"
] | {
"text": [
"D. Mitchell"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4551 | 5a610105e9e1cc001a33ce24 | Pope_John_XXIII | Following the death of Pope Pius XII on 9 October 1958, Roncalli watched the live funeral on his last full day in Venice on 11 October. His journal was specifically concerned with the funeral and the abused state of the late pontiff's corpse. Roncalli left Venice for the conclave in Rome well aware that he was papabile... | When did Roncalli die? | When did Roncalli die? | [
"When did Roncalli die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30335 | 5acd60f107355d001abf3fd2 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts complex houses the Raleigh Memorial Auditorium, the Fletcher Opera Theater, the Kennedy Theatre, and the Meymandi Concert Hall. In 2008, a new theatre space, the Meymandi Theatre at the Murphey School, was opened in the restored auditorium of the historic Murphey School. T... | Where can one go to watch a movie? | Where can one go to watch a movie? | [
"Where can one go to watch a movie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36173 | 5ace687232bba1001ae4a5d2 | Printed_circuit_board | Semi-additive is the most common process: The unpatterned board has a thin layer of copper already on it. A reverse mask is then applied. (Unlike a subtractive process mask, this mask exposes those parts of the substrate that will eventually become the traces.) Additional copper is then plated onto the board in the unm... | Additional silver is plated onto what? | Additional silver is plated onto what? | [
"Additional silver is plated onto what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56789 | 5727c0a73acd2414000deb9a | Gramophone_record | RCA 45s were also adapted to the smaller spindle of an LP player with a plastic snap-in insert known as a "spider". These inserts, commissioned by RCA president David Sarnoff and invented by Thomas Hutchison, were prevalent starting in the 1960s, selling in the tens of millions per year during the 45 rpm heyday. In cou... | Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by? | Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by? | [
"Whom were the adaptable inserts for 45s to LPs commissioned by?"
] | {
"text": [
"RCA president David Sarnoff"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65822 | 5719d0c810f8ca1400304e7d | Seattle | Seattle was also the home base of impresario Alexander Pantages who, starting in 1902, opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies. His activities soon expanded, and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America's greatest theater and movie tycoons. Between Pantages and hi... | Which of Seattle's famous, and still extant, theaters did Priteca disign? | Which of Seattle's famous, and still extant, theaters did Priteca disign? | [
"Which of Seattle's famous, and still extant, theaters did Priteca disign?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paramount Theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
761
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83571 | 5ad26a5bd7d075001a42930f | Dominican_Order | The center of all mystical experience is, of course, Christ. English Dominicans sought to gain a full knowledge of Christ through an imitation of His life. English mystics of all types tended to focus on the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified. This led to a "progressive understanding of the meani... | What did English Dominicans not seek to gain? | What did English Dominicans not seek to gain? | [
"What did English Dominicans not seek to gain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65251 | 5726df6d708984140094d43c | Crimean_War | The European powers continued to pursue diplomatic avenues. The representatives of the four neutral Great Powers—the United Kingdom, France, Austria and Prussia—met in Vienna, where they drafted a note that they hoped would be acceptable to both the Russians and the Ottomans. The peace terms arrived at by the four powe... | Who delivered the peace terms of the Vienna Conference to the Russians? | Who delivered the peace terms of the Vienna Conference to the Russians? | [
"Who delivered the peace terms of the Vienna Conference to the Russians?"
] | {
"text": [
"Count Karl von Buol"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15738 | 5726e90c708984140094d592 | Chinese_characters | In the years after World War II, the Japanese government also instituted a series of orthographic reforms. Some characters were given simplified forms called shinjitai 新字体 (lit. "new character forms", the older forms were then labelled the kyūjitai 旧字体, lit. "old character forms"). The number of characters in common us... | What was restricted? | What was restricted? | [
"What was restricted?"
] | {
"text": [
"The number of characters in common use"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51428 | 572b4375be1ee31400cb82dd | Empiricism | Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rational... | What view did Peirce think had been driven to excess? | What view did Peirce think had been driven to excess? | [
"What view did Peirce think had been driven to excess?"
] | {
"text": [
"the \"data-driven\" strict-empiricist view"
],
"answer_start": [
721
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56173 | 56e7b4f737bdd419002c43b2 | Arena_Football_League | In 2001, Jeff Foley published War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It. The book details a journalist's two preseasons (1999 and 2000) as an offensive specialist/writer with the now-defunct Albany Firebirds. The 5-foot-6 (170 cm), self-described "unathletic writer"... | Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It? | Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It? | [
"Who wrote War on the Floor: An Average Guy Plays in the Arena Football League and Lives to Write About It?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jeff Foley"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27579 | 5a62b4eaf8d794001af1c1cc | Liberia | The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn ... | Who serves also serves as the speaker? | Who serves also serves as the speaker? | [
"Who serves also serves as the speaker?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20892 | 5acfbc9077cf76001a685b64 | Prime_minister | The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elec... | What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch? | What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch? | [
"What other country besides Greece is a constitutional monarch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109006 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9d | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences? | What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences? | [
"What do readers access that provokes new physical experiences?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49290 | 5a87184d1d3cee001a6a10c4 | Tuberculosis | The World Health Organization declared TB a "global health emergency" in 1993, and in 2006, the Stop TB Partnership developed a Global Plan to Stop Tuberculosis that aims to save 14 million lives between its launch and 2015. A number of targets they have set are not likely to be achieved by 2015, mostly due to the incr... | What did the World Health Organization create in 2006? | What did the World Health Organization create in 2006? | [
"What did the World Health Organization create in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16447 | 5731890be6313a140071d053 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following the start of the Arab Spring in 2011, Gaddafi spoke out in favour of Tunisian President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali, then threatened by the Tunisian Revolution. He suggested that Tunisia's people would be satisfied if Ben Ali introduced a Jamahiriyah system there. Fearing domestic protest, Libya's government impl... | On what date in 2011 did protests begin in Libya? | On what date in 2011 did protests begin in Libya? | [
"On what date in 2011 did protests begin in Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"17 February"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30034 | 5a552a0c134fea001a0e19a4 | CBC_Television | While its fellow Canadian broadcasters converted most of their transmitters to digital by the Canadian digital television transition deadline of August 31, 2011, CBC converted only about half of the analogue transmitters in mandatory areas to digital (15 of 28 markets with CBC Television stations, and 14 of 28 markets ... | The CRTC reported that the population in what two cities were no longer profitable for their operations and recommended terminating broadcasts? | The CRTC reported that the population in what two cities were no longer profitable for their operations and recommended terminating broadcasts? | [
"The CRTC reported that the population in what two cities were no longer profitable for their operations and recommended terminating broadcasts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50083 | 5a8205c631013a001a3350ed | Phonology | In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory—an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when ... | When did Prince and Smolensky develop pronunciation? | When did Prince and Smolensky develop pronunciation? | [
"When did Prince and Smolensky develop pronunciation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46991 | 57279f9f3acd2414000de828 | Textual_criticism | Cladistics is a technique borrowed from biology, where it was originally named phylogenetic systematics by Willi Hennig. In biology, the technique is used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species. In its application in textual criticism, the text of a number of different manuscripts is ente... | What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics? | What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics? | [
"What is the main difference between cladistics and stemmatics?"
] | {
"text": [
"does not indicate which branch of the tree is the \"root\""
],
"answer_start": [
984
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80026 | 5726a5daf1498d1400e8e60a | Samoa | Mission work in Samoa had begun in late 1830 by John Williams, of the London Missionary Society arriving in Sapapali'i from The Cook Islands and Tahiti. According to Barbara A. West, "The Samoans were also known to engage in ‘headhunting', a ritual of war in which a warrior took the head of his slain opponent to give t... | What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in? | What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in? | [
"What warring ritual did Barbara A. West say the indigenous Samoans engaged in?"
] | {
"text": [
"headhunting"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-537 | 56de66c1cffd8e1900b4b877 | Plymouth | The city is home to 261,546 (mid-2014 est.) people, making it the 30th most populous built-up area in the United Kingdom. It is governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is represented nationally by three MPs. Plymouth's economy remains strongly influenced by shipbuilding and seafaring including ferry links to Brit... | In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate? | In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate? | [
"In what city does Plymouth's ferry to Spain terminate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santander"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40423 | 5ad4fdd25b96ef001a10a8aa | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | What is never used when making paper by hand? | What is never used when making paper by hand? | [
"What is never used when making paper by hand?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74624 | 570dfb650b85d914000d7c4e | Melbourne | The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropoli... | Which airport is the second busiest in Australia? | Which airport is the second busiest in Australia? | [
"Which airport is the second busiest in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport)"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34455 | 56f8a0d99b226e1400dd0d05 | Southampton | Southampton had an estimated 236,900 people living within the city boundary in 2011. There is a sizeable Polish population in the city, with estimates as high as 20,000. | What's the highest estimate of the Polish population of the city of Southampton? | What's the highest estimate of the Polish population of the city of Southampton? | [
"What's the highest estimate of the Polish population of the city of Southampton?"
] | {
"text": [
"20,000"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58212 | 5ad41a2c604f3c001a4004af | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | During a panel discussion at Harvard University's reunion for African American alumni during the 2003–04 academic year, two prominent black professors at the institution—Lani Guinier and Henry Louis Gates—pointed out an unintended effect of affirmative action policies at Harvard. They stated that only about a third of ... | What portion of black Harvard undergraduates came from families in which all four grandparents were born into the Asian American community? | What portion of black Harvard undergraduates came from families in which all four grandparents were born into the Asian American community? | [
"What portion of black Harvard undergraduates came from families in which all four grandparents were born into the Asian American community?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54813 | 5ad564fc5b96ef001a10adab | Macintosh | In 2000, Apple released the Power Mac G4 Cube, their first desktop since the discontinued Power Macintosh G3, to slot between the iMac G3 and the Power Mac G4. Even with its innovative design, it was initially priced US$200 higher than the comparably-equipped and more-expandable base Power Mac G4, while also not includ... | When was the Power Mac G5 discontinued? | When was the Power Mac G5 discontinued? | [
"When was the Power Mac G5 discontinued?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1757 | 5ad17818645df0001a2d1d67 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | US troops participated in a UN peacekeeping mission in Somalia beginning in 1992. By 1993 the US troops were augmented with Rangers and special forces with the aim of capturing warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid, whose forces had massacred peacekeepers from Pakistan. During a raid in downtown Mogadishu, US troops became trap... | What was the name of the Korean warlord who directed massacres of peacekeeping troops? | What was the name of the Korean warlord who directed massacres of peacekeeping troops? | [
"What was the name of the Korean warlord who directed massacres of peacekeeping troops?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58918 | 5a2e9838a83784001a7d240f | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | What religions later incoperated a cappella into their traditions? | What religions later incoperated a cappella into their traditions? | [
"What religions later incoperated a cappella into their traditions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74449 | 571b42be9499d21900609c3e | Asphalt | The expression "bitumen" originated in the Sanskrit, where we find the words jatu, meaning "pitch," and jatu-krit, meaning "pitch creating", "pitch producing" (referring to coniferous or resinous trees). The Latin equivalent is claimed by some to be originally gwitu-men (pertaining to pitch), and by others, pixtumens (... | Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English? | Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English? | [
" Through what language did bitumen pass to reach English?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110358 | 5a39b12e2f14dd001ac72597 | Culture | Raimon Panikkar pointed out 29 ways in which cultural change can be brought about. Some of these are: growth, development, evolution, involution, renovation, reconception, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, mutation, progress, diffusion, osmosis, borrowing, eclecticism, syncretism, modernization, indigenizatio... | How many ways did Raimon Panikkar believe cultural consistency can be based on? | How many ways did Raimon Panikkar believe cultural consistency can be based on? | [
"How many ways did Raimon Panikkar believe cultural consistency can be based on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113828 | 56f97d559e9bad19000a09a7 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Dannatt criticised a remnant "Cold War mentality", with military expenditures based on retaining a capability against a direct conventional strategic threat; He said currently only 10% of the MoD's equipment programme budget between 2003 and 2018 was to be invested in the "land environment"—at a time when Britain was e... | Military spending that is based on conventional threats has been dismissed as what? | Military spending that is based on conventional threats has been dismissed as what? | [
"Military spending that is based on conventional threats has been dismissed as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cold War mentality"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101557 | 56d5afb81c85041400946dc3 | Dog | There are many different shapes for dog tails: straight, straight up, sickle, curled, or cork-screw. As with many canids, one of the primary functions of a dog's tail is to communicate their emotional state, which can be important in getting along with others. In some hunting dogs, however, the tail is traditionally do... | What does a dog communicate with its tail? | What does a dog communicate with its tail? | [
"What does a dog communicate with its tail?"
] | {
"text": [
"emotional state"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30962 | 5726bea0708984140094d01b | Mexico_City | The Centro Nacional de las Artes (National Center for the Arts has several venues for music, theatre, dance. UNAM's main campus, also in the southern part of the city, is home to the Centro Cultural Universitario (the University Culture Center) (CCU). The CCU also houses the National Library, the interactive Universum,... | Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario? | Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario? | [
"Where is the Centro Cultural Universitario?"
] | {
"text": [
"UNAM's main campus"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26309 | 5726b44edd62a815002e8d71 | Edmund_Burke | In November 1795, there was a debate in Parliament on the high price of corn and Burke wrote a memorandum to Pitt on the subject. In December Samuel Whitbread MP introduced a bill giving magistrates the power to fix minimum wages and Fox said he would vote for it. This debate probably led Burke to editing his memorandu... | Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage? | Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage? | [
"Who introduced a bill in 1795 about minimum wage?"
] | {
"text": [
"Samuel Whitbread"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88873 | 570f4d1080d9841400ab357b | Circadian_rhythm | Shift-work or chronic jet-lag have profound consequences on circadian and metabolic events in the body. Animals that are forced to eat during their resting period show increased body mass and altered expression of clock and metabolic genes.[medical citation needed] In humans, shift-work that favors irregular eating tim... | How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin? | How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin? | [
"How does irregular eating during shift-work effect insulin?"
] | {
"text": [
"insulin sensitivity"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64703 | 57340865d058e614000b6824 | Portugal | On 6 April 2011, after his proposed "Plan for Stability and Growth IV" (PEC IV) was rejected by the Parliament, Prime Minister José Sócrates announced on national television that the country would request financial assistance from the IMF and the European Financial Stability Facility, as Greece and the Republic of Irel... | How many times has Portugal requested external financial support? | How many times has Portugal requested external financial support? | [
"How many times has Portugal requested external financial support?"
] | {
"text": [
"third"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11145 | 5ad2f1de604f3c001a3fda27 | Anthropology | Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual cate... | What subfield of anthropolgy studies mental health? | What subfield of anthropolgy studies mental health? | [
"What subfield of anthropolgy studies mental health?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24180 | 57294c541d04691400779266 | Bermuda | After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equ... | Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores? | Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores? | [
"Who began experimenting with flights from Berlin to New York, stopping in the azores?"
] | {
"text": [
"Luft Hansa"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96698 | 572794e2dd62a815002ea11c | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Sextus Julius Africanus further refers to the writings of historian Thallus: "This darkness Thallus, in the third book of his History, calls, as appears to me without reason, an eclipse of the sun. For the Hebrews celebrate the passover on the 14th day according to the moon, and the passion of our Saviour falls on the ... | What day do Hebrews celebrate Passover? | What day do Hebrews celebrate Passover? | [
"What day do Hebrews celebrate Passover?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 14th day"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4897 | 572a203e3f37b31900478709 | Green | Many flags of the Islamic world are green, as the color is considered sacred in Islam (see below). The flag of Hamas, as well as the flag of Iran, is green, symbolizing their Islamist ideology. The 1977 flag of Libya consisted of a simple green field with no other characteristics. It was the only national flag in the w... | What does the green cedar of Lebanon tree represent on the Flag of Lebanon? | What does the green cedar of Lebanon tree represent on the Flag of Lebanon? | [
"What does the green cedar of Lebanon tree represent on the Flag of Lebanon?"
] | {
"text": [
"steadiness and tolerance"
],
"answer_start": [
644
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11470 | 5727a28c3acd2414000de873 | North_Carolina | According to a Forbes article written in 2013 Employment in the "Old North State" has gained many different industry sectors. See the following article summary: science, technology, energy and math, or STEM, industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001, placing Raleigh-... | What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country? | What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country? | [
"What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"5"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18074 | 56dfc592231d4119001abdde | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.? | What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.? | [
"What is the controversial N.S.A. program used in the U.S.?"
] | {
"text": [
"PRISM"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81664 | 57062f3952bb891400689949 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Although Wynn's plans for development in the city were scrapped in 2002, the tunnel opened in 2001. The new roadway prompted Boyd Gaming in partnership with MGM/Mirage to build Atlantic City's newest casino. The Borgata opened in July 2003, and its success brought an influx of developers to Atlantic City with plans for... | In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped? | In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped? | [
"In what year was Wynn's plans for development scrapped?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22027 | 570b04bf6b8089140040f6e4 | Aircraft_carrier | Since World War II, aircraft carrier designs have increased in size to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size. The large, modern Nimitz class of US carriers has a displacement nearly four times that of the World War II–era USS Enterprise, yet its complement of aircraft is roughly the same—a consequence of the s... | Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II? | Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II? | [
"Why have aircraft carriers increased in size since World War II?"
] | {
"text": [
"to accommodate a steady increase in aircraft size"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66922 | 57283d0e2ca10214002da159 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Faced with growing separatism, Gorbachev sought to restructure the Soviet Union into a less centralized state. On August 20, 1991, the Russian SFSR was scheduled to sign a New Union Treaty that would have converted the Soviet Union into a federation of independent republics with a common president, foreign policy and m... | What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed? | What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed? | [
"What would have maintained power if the treaty was signed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Communist Party"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84019 | 57306f658ab72b1400f9c4e4 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? | Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? | [
"Who provided a humorous example of the unreliability of back-translation? "
] | {
"text": [
"Mark Twain"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83754 | 57266b61dd62a815002e844f | Florida | As of 2010, those of (non-Hispanic white) European ancestry accounted for 57.9% of Florida's population. Out of the 57.9%, the largest groups were 12.0% German (2,212,391), 10.7% Irish (1,979,058), 8.8% English (1,629,832), 6.6% Italian (1,215,242), 2.8% Polish (511,229), and 2.7% French (504,641). White Americans of a... | What percentage of florida was white Non Hispanic in 1970 | What percentage of florida was white Non Hispanic in 1970 | [
"What percentage of florida was white Non Hispanic in 1970 "
] | {
"text": [
"In 1970, non-Hispanic whites were nearly 80% of Florida's population"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84805 | 5ad4d90a5b96ef001a10a36f | San_Diego | San Diego's first television station was KFMB, which began broadcasting on May 16, 1949. Since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two VHF channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city. In 1952, however, the FCC bega... | In what year did VHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC? | In what year did VHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC? | [
"In what year did VHF channels beging being licensed by the FCC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84712 | 5ad4d5a45b96ef001a10a288 | San_Diego | The presence of the University of California, San Diego and other research institutions has helped to fuel biotechnology growth. In 2013, San Diego has the second-largest biotech cluster in the United States, below the Boston area and above the San Francisco Bay Area. There are more than 400 biotechnology companies in ... | What institution has contributed to the decline of fuel biotechnology? | What institution has contributed to the decline of fuel biotechnology? | [
"What institution has contributed to the decline of fuel biotechnology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60591 | 5ace3dd532bba1001ae4a00a | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenu... | How many branch outlets does the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library have? | How many branch outlets does the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library have? | [
"How many branch outlets does the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36642 | 5731f388b9d445190005e6de | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Unlike in Westminster style legislatures or as with the Senate Majority Leader, the House Majority Leader's duties and prominence vary depending upon the style and power of the Speaker of the House. Typically, the Speaker does not participate in debate and rarely votes on the floor. In some cases, Majority Leaders have... | Are snate majority leaders more influential than Speaker of the house?? | Are snate majority leaders more influential than Speaker of the house?? | [
"Are snate majority leaders more influential than Speaker of the house??"
] | {
"text": [
"Majority Leaders have been more influential than the Speaker"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100455 | 56e11bbce3433e1400422c10 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, the system went into operation on a trial basis. It has started providing navigation, positioning and timing data to China and the neighbouring area for free from 27 December. During this trial run, Compass will offer positioning accuracy to within 25 meters, but the precision will improve as more sat... | What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system? | What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system? | [
"What will improve the positioning accuracy of the Compass system?"
] | {
"text": [
"as more satellites are launched"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85133 | 57277a57f1498d1400e8f930 | Supreme_court | In Hong Kong, the Supreme Court of Hong Kong (now known as the High Court of Hong Kong) was the final court of appeal during its colonial times which ended with transfer of sovereignty in 1997. The final adjudication power, as in any other British Colonies, rested with the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC)... | The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is seated in what city? | The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is seated in what city? | [
"The Standing Committee of the National People's Congress is seated in what city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beijing"
],
"answer_start": [
865
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109104 | 5727645a5951b619008f894a | Carnival | While forming an integral part of the Christian calendar, particularly in Catholic regions, many Carnival traditions resemble those antedating Christianity. Italian Carnival is sometimes thought to be derived from the ancient Roman festivals of Saturnalia and Bacchanalia. The Saturnalia, in turn, may be based on the Gr... | On which month and day did Saturnalia start? | On which month and day did Saturnalia start? | [
"On which month and day did Saturnalia start?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 17"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44806 | 56f8c02a9e9bad19000a041c | Gene | Genes are regulated so that they are expressed only when the product is needed, since expression draws on limited resources.:7 A cell regulates its gene expression depending on its external environment (e.g. available nutrients, temperature and other stresses), its internal environment (e.g. cell division cycle, metabo... | What are examples of a cell's internal environment? | What are examples of a cell's internal environment? | [
"What are examples of a cell's internal environment?"
] | {
"text": [
"cell division cycle, metabolism, infection status"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-384 | 56f95b769e9bad19000a087b | Marshall_Islands | The Japanese enlarged administration and appointed local leaders, which weakened the authority of local traditional leaders. Japan also tried to change the social organization in the islands from Matrilineality to the Japanese Patriarchal system, but with no success. Moreover, during the 1930s, one third of all land up... | On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations? | On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations? | [
"On what date did the Japanese leave the League of Nations?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 27, 1933"
],
"answer_start": [
761
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97015 | 56e11801e3433e1400422bce | Canon_law | Roman canon law had been criticized by the Presbyterians as early as 1572 in the Admonition to Parliament. The protest centered on the standard defense that canon law could be retained so long as it did not contradict the civil law. According to Polly Ha, the Reformed Church Government refuted this claiming that the bi... | Which church officials were responsible for the administration of canon law? | Which church officials were responsible for the administration of canon law? | [
"Which church officials were responsible for the administration of canon law?"
] | {
"text": [
"bishops"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39276 | 57324c76e99e3014001e6666 | Protestantism | Puritans were blocked from changing the established church from within, and were severely restricted in England by laws controlling the practice of religion. Their beliefs, however, were transported by the emigration of congregations to the Netherlands (and later to New England), and by evangelical clergy to Ireland (a... | What group was very much hampered in England from making changes? | What group was very much hampered in England from making changes? | [
"What group was very much hampered in England from making changes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Puritans"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31954 | 5726a6b4f1498d1400e8e622 | Myanmar | In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restor... | What are the 1988 demonstrations in Burma called? | What are the 1988 demonstrations in Burma called? | [
"What are the 1988 demonstrations in Burma called?"
] | {
"text": [
"8888 Uprising"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17204 | 570e37d60b85d914000d7d8f | Uranium | A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or... | At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health? | At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health? | [
"At what level of exposure does uranium become imminently dangerous to health?"
] | {
"text": [
"10 mg/m3"
],
"answer_start": [
1119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-848 | 56df7edd56340a1900b29c32 | Plymouth | After the English Civil War the Royal Citadel was built in 1666 on the east end of Plymouth Hoe, to defend the port from naval attacks, suppress Plymothian Parliamentary leanings and to train the armed forces. Guided tours are available in the summer months. Further west is Smeaton's Tower, which was built in 1759 as a... | What memorial commemorates the naval victory over the Spanish Armada? | What memorial commemorates the naval victory over the Spanish Armada? | [
"What memorial commemorates the naval victory over the Spanish Armada?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armada Memorial"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90856 | 573245f7b9d445190005e97e | Pacific_War | The largest and bloodiest American battle came at Okinawa, as the U.S. sought airbases for 3,000 B-29 bombers and 240 squadrons of B-17 bombers for the intense bombardment of Japan's home islands in preparation for a full-scale invasion in late 1945. The Japanese, with 115,000 troops augmented by thousands of civilians... | When did the United States land forces on Okinawa? | When did the United States land forces on Okinawa? | [
"When did the United States land forces on Okinawa?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 April 1945"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31403 | 572952cb6aef051400154ce6 | Germans | The native language of Germans is German, a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch, and sharing many similarities with the North Germanic and Scandinavian languages. Spoken by approximately 100 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and the most wide... | What is the dominant language of science? | What is the dominant language of science? | [
"What is the dominant language of science?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32662 | 5ad2af74d7d075001a429f0b | Antarctica | There is some evidence, in the form of ice cores drilled to about 400 m (1,300 ft) above the water line, that Lake Vostok's waters may contain microbial life. The frozen surface of the lake shares similarities with Jupiter's moon, Europa. If life is discovered in Lake Vostok, it would strengthen the argument for the po... | Where did a NASA team go on 8 February 2007? | Where did a NASA team go on 8 February 2007? | [
"Where did a NASA team go on 8 February 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105564 | 5a5504a0134fea001a0e17e8 | Communications_in_Somalia | Other radio stations based in Mogadishu include Mustaqbal Media corporation and the Shabelle Media Network, the latter of which was in 2010 awarded the Media of the Year prize by the Paris-based journalism organisation, Reporters Without Borders (RSF). In total, about one short-wave and ten private FM radio stations br... | What prize did RSF win? | What prize did RSF win? | [
"What prize did RSF win?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106144 | 5725bd9f271a42140099d0ff | Hellenistic_period | The first of the Diadochi wars broke out when Perdiccas planned to marry Alexander's sister Cleopatra and began to question Antigonus I Monophthalmus' leadership in Asia Minor. Antigonus fled for Greece, and then, together with Antipater and Craterus (the satrap of Cilicia who had been in Greece fighting the Lamian war... | Who did Diadochi plan to marry? | Who did Diadochi plan to marry? | [
"Who did Diadochi plan to marry?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cleopatra"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24097 | 572942ed3f37b319004781c3 | Bermuda | The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 2... | The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature? | The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature? | [
"The majority of books published by local authors were of what nature?"
] | {
"text": [
"scholarly"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60060 | 5acfc57177cf76001a685e26 | Zhejiang | Zhejiang is mountainous and has therefore fostered the development of many distinct local cultures. Linguistically speaking, Zhejiang is extremely diverse. Most inhabitants of Zhejiang speak Wu, but the Wu dialects are very diverse, especially in the south, where one valley may speak a dialect completely unintelligible... | Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken inside of what? | Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken inside of what? | [
" Mandarin and Huizhou dialects are spoken inside of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45153 | 56df28373277331400b4d9c4 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced th... | In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated? | In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated? | [
"In what year did CBS Associated become Epic Associated?"
] | {
"text": [
"1991"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52306 | 572a81a1f75d5e190021fb20 | Miami | Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primar... | In what neighborhood of Miami is Miami New Times based? | In what neighborhood of Miami is Miami New Times based? | [
"In what neighborhood of Miami is Miami New Times based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Midtown"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74410 | 571b3b8132177014007ea040 | Asphalt | Canadian bitumen does not differ substantially from oils such as Venezuelan extra-heavy and Mexican heavy oil in chemical composition, and the real difficulty is moving the extremely viscous bitumen through oil pipelines to the refinery. Many modern oil refineries are extremely sophisticated and can process non-upgrade... | Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil? | Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil? | [
"Why do refineries like to buy bitumen instead of synthetic oil?"
] | {
"text": [
"cost is lower"
],
"answer_start": [
807
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23832 | 57283f724b864d19001647f3 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states? | What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states? | [
"What may guarantee the self-governing status of the competent states?"
] | {
"text": [
"federal structure"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33268 | 572640d4271a42140099d7d7 | Incandescent_light_bulb | The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back... | What is the most common situation when a halogen bulb is used? | What is the most common situation when a halogen bulb is used? | [
"What is the most common situation when a halogen bulb is used?"
] | {
"text": [
"where intense illumination is needed in a limited space"
],
"answer_start": [
567
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64826 | 573426c64776f4190066198a | Portugal | Portugal has developed a specific culture while being influenced by various civilizations that have crossed the Mediterranean and the European continent, or were introduced when it played an active role during the Age of Discovery. In the 1990s and 2000s (decade), Portugal modernized its public cultural facilities, in ... | What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities? | What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities? | [
"What are some examples of Portugal's public cultural facilities?"
] | {
"text": [
"Belém Cultural Centre in Lisbon, Serralves Foundation and the Casa da Música"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59579 | 5726b8c9708984140094cf20 | Electric_motor | Another common application is the control of the throttle of an internal combustion engine in conjunction with an electronic governor. In this usage, the motor works against a return spring to move the throttle in accordance with the output of the governor. The latter monitors engine speed by counting electrical pulses... | What is a governor connected to? | What is a governor connected to? | [
"What is a governor connected to?"
] | {
"text": [
"return spring"
],
"answer_start": [
773
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101572 | 56d5cba21c85041400946ddf | Dog | In 2013, a study found that mixed breeds live on average 1.2 years longer than pure breeds, and that increasing body-weight was negatively correlated with longevity (i.e. the heavier the dog the shorter its lifespan). | Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives? | Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives? | [
"Do bigger dogs typically have longer or shorter lives?"
] | {
"text": [
"shorter"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94470 | 572657e8f1498d1400e8dc93 | Queen_(band) | The band had a number of bass players during this period who did not fit with the band's chemistry. It was not until February 1971 that they settled on John Deacon and began to rehearse for their first album. They recorded four of their own songs, "Liar", "Keep Yourself Alive", "The Night Comes Down" and "Jesus", for a... | What song inspired Freddie from Queen's surname? | What song inspired Freddie from Queen's surname? | [
"What song inspired Freddie from Queen's surname?"
] | {
"text": [
"My Fairy King"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72950 | 5ad36b09604f3c001a3fe14d | Dell | In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, ... | What year did IBM lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard? | What year did IBM lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard? | [
"What year did IBM lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39957 | 5727a1232ca10214002d925b | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In April 2009, the United States Supreme Court agreed to hear a suit over reverse discrimination brought by 20 white and Hispanic firefighters against the city. The suit involved the 2003 promotion test for the New Haven Fire Department. After the tests were scored, no blacks scored high enough to qualify for considera... | What was the name of the 2009 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court awarded relief to New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven? | What was the name of the 2009 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court awarded relief to New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven? | [
"What was the name of the 2009 case in which the U.S. Supreme Court awarded relief to New Haven firefighters against the city of New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ricci v. DeStefano"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24684 | 56cee7edaab44d1400b88c68 | New_York_City | New York became the most populous urbanized area in the world in the early 1920s, overtaking London. The metropolitan area surpassed the 10 million mark in the early 1930s, becoming the first megacity in human history. The difficult years of the Great Depression saw the election of reformer Fiorello La Guardia as mayor... | What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million? | What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million? | [
"What is the term for a city with a population of over 10 million?"
] | {
"text": [
"megacity"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64180 | 572833674b864d1900164705 | Annelid | The earliest good evidence for oligochaetes occurs in the Tertiary period, which began 65 million years ago, and it has been suggested that these animals evolved around the same time as flowering plants in the early Cretaceous, from 130 to 90 million years ago. A trace fossil consisting of a convoluted burrow partly fi... | What era did oligochaetes evolve in? | What era did oligochaetes evolve in? | [
"What era did oligochaetes evolve in?"
] | {
"text": [
"early Cretaceous"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43665 | 5726f173708984140094d698 | Korean_War | The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean Peopl... | Was there ever an official peace treaty after the war? | Was there ever an official peace treaty after the war? | [
"Was there ever an official peace treaty after the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"there was no peace treaty"
],
"answer_start": [
643
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103185 | 571a9d964faf5e1900b8ab33 | Multiracial_American | After the American Revolutionary War, the number and proportion of free people of color increased markedly in the North and the South as slaves were freed. Most northern states abolished slavery, sometimes, like New York, in programs of gradual emancipation that took more than two decades to be completed. The last slav... | Who implored slaveholders to free their slaves? | Who implored slaveholders to free their slaves? | [
"Who implored slaveholders to free their slaves?"
] | {
"text": [
"Quaker and Methodist preachers in the South urged slaveholders to free their slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38365 | 5a7d3c0970df9f001a87502d | Neolithic | Another significant change undergone by many of these newly agrarian communities was one of diet. Pre-agrarian diets varied by region, season, available local plant and animal resources and degree of pastoralism and hunting. Post-agrarian diet was restricted to a limited package of successfully cultivated cereal grains... | What was included in the local diet? | What was included in the local diet? | [
"What was included in the local diet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77307 | 57320a38e99e3014001e6461 | Armenians | The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became ... | What famous inscription mentioned Armenia? | What famous inscription mentioned Armenia? | [
"What famous inscription mentioned Armenia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108936 | 5a7a4f4017ab25001a8a04c3 | Literature | In the Age of Reason philosophical tracts and speculations on history and human nature integrated literature with social and political developments. The inevitable reaction was the explosion of Romanticism in the later 18th century which reclaimed the imaginative and fantastical bias of old romances and folk-literature... | As the 18th century went on, European fiction evolved toward what? | As the 18th century went on, European fiction evolved toward what? | [
"As the 18th century went on, European fiction evolved toward what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53073 | 5706a3b152bb891400689afe | Bird_migration | Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in... | For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range? | For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range? | [
"For what reason would birds mor far beyond the normal range?"
] | {
"text": [
"a good breeding season followed by a food source failure"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18544 | 5726d9d5dd62a815002e9291 | Nigeria | The new head of state, Ibrahim Babangida, declared himself president and commander in chief of the armed forces and the ruling Supreme Military Council. He set 1990 as the official deadline for a return to democratic governance. Babangida's tenure was marked by a flurry of political activity: he instituted the Internat... | What controversial religious group did Nigeria join? | What controversial religious group did Nigeria join? | [
"What controversial religious group did Nigeria join?"
] | {
"text": [
"Organisation of the Islamic Conference"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29391 | 5a5674126349e2001acdcd7c | Swaziland | Nominations take place at the chiefdoms. On the day of nomination, the name of the nominee is raised by a show of hand and the nominee is given an opportunity to indicate whether he or she accepts the nomination. If he or she accepts it, he or she must be supported by at least ten members of that chiefdom. The nominati... | Where are ballots cast members of parliment? | Where are ballots cast members of parliment? | [
"Where are ballots cast members of parliment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32343 | 5ad26784d7d075001a429224 | Antarctica | The climate of Antarctica does not allow extensive vegetation to form. A combination of freezing temperatures, poor soil quality, lack of moisture, and lack of sunlight inhibit plant growth. As a result, the diversity of plant life is very low and limited in distribution. The flora of the continent largely consists of ... | What allows extensive vegitation to occur? | What allows extensive vegitation to occur? | [
"What allows extensive vegitation to occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25993 | 5a836e5fe60761001a2eb6d1 | Copper | Copper has been used since ancient times as a durable, corrosion resistant, and weatherproof architectural material. Roofs, flashings, rain gutters, downspouts, domes, spires, vaults, and doors have been made from copper for hundreds or thousands of years. Copper's architectural use has been expanded in modern times to... | What is the danger to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails? | What is the danger to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails? | [
"What is the danger to using copper for things such as counter tops and hand rails?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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