gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-47894 | 5726b4e0f1498d1400e8e836 | Napoleon | In an attempt to gain increased support from Polish nationalists and patriots, Napoleon termed the war the Second Polish War—the First Polish War had been the Bar Confederation uprising by Polish nobles against Russia in 1768. Polish patriots wanted the Russian part of Poland to be joined with the Duchy of Warsaw and a... | During France's retreat, atrocities were committed against French soldiers by which Russian subjects? | During France's retreat, atrocities were committed against French soldiers by which Russian subjects? | [
"During France's retreat, atrocities were committed against French soldiers by which Russian subjects?"
] | {
"text": [
"serfs"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105242 | 5727d383ff5b5019007d962e | History_of_science | Astronomy: Astronomical observations from China constitute the longest continuous sequence from any civilisation and include records of sunspots (112 records from 364 BC), supernovas (1054), lunar and solar eclipses. By the 12th century, they could reasonably accurately make predictions of eclipses, but the knowledge o... | Who made predictions in 1601? | Who made predictions in 1601? | [
"Who made predictions in 1601?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jesuit Matteo Ricci"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62946 | 572fa99c04bcaa1900d76b84 | Pain | Physical pain is an important political topic in relation to various issues, including pain management policy, drug control, animal rights or animal welfare, torture, and pain compliance. In various contexts, the deliberate infliction of pain in the form of corporal punishment is used as retribution for an offence, or ... | How does pain inform attitudes deemed unacceptable? | How does pain inform attitudes deemed unacceptable? | [
"How does pain inform attitudes deemed unacceptable?"
] | {
"text": [
"deter"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9473 | 5a6bba8a4eec6b001a80a555 | Myocardial_infarction | Some risk factors for death include age, hemodynamic parameters (such as heart failure, cardiac arrest on admission, systolic blood pressure, or Killip class of two or greater), ST-segment deviation, diabetes, serum creatinine, peripheral vascular disease, and elevation of cardiac markers. Assessment of left ventricula... | Prognosis improves after what complication? | Prognosis improves after what complication? | [
"Prognosis improves after what complication?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39549 | 5727855e5951b619008f8c32 | FA_Cup | The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007. The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales. Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally n... | When did this stadium open? | When did this stadium open? | [
"When did this stadium open? "
] | {
"text": [
"it opened, in 2007."
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45000 | 5ace2e5e32bba1001ae49ced | Sony_Music_Entertainment | With the record company a global operation in 1965, the Columbia Broadcasting System upper management started pondering changing the name of their record company subsidiary from Columbia Records to CBS Records. | In 1955, CBS was a global what? | In 1955, CBS was a global what? | [
"In 1955, CBS was a global what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89741 | 573040dd947a6a140053d33e | The_Blitz | In 1941, the Luftwaffe shifted strategy again. Erich Raeder—commander-in-chief of the Kriegsmarine—had long argued the Luftwaffe should support the German submarine force (U-Bootwaffe) in the Battle of the Atlantic by attacking shipping in the Atlantic Ocean and attacking British ports. Eventually, he convinced Hitler ... | What became the new targets for the Kriegsmarine? | What became the new targets for the Kriegsmarine? | [
"What became the new targets for the Kriegsmarine?"
] | {
"text": [
"British coastal centres and shipping at sea west of Ireland"
],
"answer_start": [
821
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100290 | 56e1030ae3433e1400422a9f | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored. | What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1D satellite? | What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1D satellite? | [
"What is the purpose of the BeiDou-1D satellite?"
] | {
"text": [
"serving as a backup satellite"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97837 | 5a81ffc731013a001a335098 | Humanism | After 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a vi... | What text no longer remains without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 12th century? | What text no longer remains without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 12th century? | [
"What text no longer remains without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 12th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64455 | 573323754776f41900660702 | Portugal | Portugal (Portuguese: [puɾtuˈɣaɫ]), officially the Portuguese Republic (Portuguese: República Portuguesa), is a country on the Iberian Peninsula, in Southwestern Europe. It is the westernmost country of mainland Europe, being bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the west and south and by Spain to the north and east. The P... | What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal? | What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal? | [
"What two autonomous regions have their own governments in Portugal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Azores and Madeira"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24184 | 5ad41116604f3c001a4001e6 | Bermuda | After several failed attempts, in 1930 the first aeroplane reached Bermuda. A Stinson Detroiter seaplane flying from New York, it had to land twice in the ocean: once because of darkness and again to refuel. Navigation and weather forecasting improved in 1933 when the Royal Air Force (then responsible for providing equ... | Who began to experiment with seaplane flights in 1933? | Who began to experiment with seaplane flights in 1933? | [
"Who began to experiment with seaplane flights in 1933?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95873 | 5a1dd1c84ea40d0018b06faf | Hokkien | The term Hokkien (福建; hɔk˥˥kɪɛn˨˩) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province. In Chinese linguistics, these dialects are known by their classification under the Quanzhang Division (Chinese: 泉漳片; pinyin: Quánzhāng piàn) of Min Nan, which comes from the first charact... | What does the term Quanzhang mean in Chinese? | What does the term Quanzhang mean in Chinese? | [
"What does the term Quanzhang mean in Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52036 | 572a71fe7a1753140016af7e | Miami | After Fidel Castro rose to power in Cuba in 1959, many wealthy Cubans sought refuge in Miami, further increasing the population. The city developed businesses and cultural amenities as part of the New South. In the 1980s and 1990s, South Florida weathered social problems related to drug wars, immigration from Haiti and... | What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s? | What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s? | [
"What notable hurricane occurred between the 1980s and 1990s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Andrew"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95960 | 5a1342dac8eab200188dc953 | Hokkien | In general, Hokkien dialects have 5 to 7 phonemic tones. According to the traditional Chinese system, however, there are 7 to 9 "tones",[citation needed] more correctly termed tone classes since two of them are non-phonemic "entering tones" (see the discussion on Chinese tone). Tone sandhi is extensive. There are minor... | What tone is not extensive? | What tone is not extensive? | [
"What tone is not extensive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13456 | 56e7b57900c9c71400d7753a | Nanjing | Nanjing has some of the oldest and finest museums in China. Nanjing Museum, formerly known as National Central Museum during ROC period, is the first modern museum and remains as one of the leading museums in China having 400,000 items in its permanent collection,. The museum is notable for enormous collections of Ming... | What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum? | What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum? | [
"What is the previous name of the Nanjing Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Central Museum"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102211 | 56f9e1b39b226e1400dd15de | High-definition_television | In 1958, the Soviet Union developed Тransformator (Russian: Трансформатор, meaning Transformer), the first high-resolution (definition) television system capable of producing an image composed of 1,125 lines of resolution aimed at providing teleconferencing for military command. It was a research project and the system... | In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for? | In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for? | [
"In the end what was the Soviet Union's Transformator system used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"a research project"
],
"answer_start": [
287
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71254 | 5acf647c77cf76001a684d3a | University_of_Kansas | The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the na... | What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts outside of KU? | What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts outside of KU? | [
"What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts outside of KU?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38940 | 572998533f37b319004784ce | Serbo-Croatian | Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovi... | In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken? | In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken? | [
"In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken?"
] | {
"text": [
"Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina."
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26950 | 5709e6f06d058f1900182c11 | United_States_dollar | Today, USD notes are made from cotton fiber paper, unlike most common paper, which is made of wood fiber. U.S. coins are produced by the United States Mint. U.S. dollar banknotes are printed by the Bureau of Engraving and Printing and, since 1914, have been issued by the Federal Reserve. The "large-sized notes" issued ... | How long do the current notes measure? | How long do the current notes measure? | [
"How long do the current notes measure?"
] | {
"text": [
"6.14 inches"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73854 | 56df12853277331400b4d94f | Warsaw_Pact | One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany. | Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact? | Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact? | [
"Which nation was permitted rearmament by the foundation of the Warsaw Pact?"
] | {
"text": [
"East Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25517 | 5acfad3077cf76001a685802 | Namibia | In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, ... | When did the Living in a Finite Environment Project start? | When did the Living in a Finite Environment Project start? | [
"When did the Living in a Finite Environment Project start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86210 | 57343812d058e614000b6b39 | Tucson,_Arizona | Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer. While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as "the world's largest non-mechanized parade". The Rodeo Parade is a popular e... | What is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros? | What is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros? | [
"What is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?"
] | {
"text": [
"rodeo week"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57248 | 572ff02b04bcaa1900d76eef | Muslim_world | Ibn Tufail (Abubacer) and Ibn al-Nafis were pioneers of the philosophical novel. Ibn Tufail wrote the first Arabic novel Hayy ibn Yaqdhan (Philosophus Autodidactus) as a response to Al-Ghazali's The Incoherence of the Philosophers, and then Ibn al-Nafis also wrote a novel Theologus Autodidactus as a response to Ibn Tuf... | Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus? | Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus? | [
"Who was the main chracter of Philosophus Autodidactus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hayy"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48340 | 56fa4b89f34c681400b0c06b | Wood | Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider va... | What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building? | What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building? | [
"What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building?"
] | {
"text": [
"timber"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102991 | 57280ea3ff5b5019007d9bf8 | Unicode | Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Las... | What is the name of Apple's font? | What is the name of Apple's font? | [
"What is the name of Apple's font? "
] | {
"text": [
"Last Resort"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77079 | 5a2977c803c0e7001a3e1785 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), formerly the United Nations Fund for Population Activities, is a UN organization. The UNFPA says it "is the lead UN agency for delivering a world where every pregnancy is wanted, every childbirth is safe and every young person's potential is fulfilled." Their work involves t... | What does UNFPA not provide? | What does UNFPA not provide? | [
"What does UNFPA not provide?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50199 | 5ace88f832bba1001ae4a9ab | Neptune | Neptune is not visible to the unaided eye and is the only planet in the Solar System found by mathematical prediction rather than by empirical observation. Unexpected changes in the orbit of Uranus led Alexis Bouvard to deduce that its orbit was subject to gravitational perturbation by an unknown planet. Neptune was su... | What is the only planet in the solar system found by empirical observation? | What is the only planet in the solar system found by empirical observation? | [
"What is the only planet in the solar system found by empirical observation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13523 | 570be5f1ec8fbc190045bbd2 | Digestion | Digestive systems take many forms. There is a fundamental distinction between internal and external digestion. External digestion developed earlier in evolutionary history, and most fungi still rely on it. In this process, enzymes are secreted into the environment surrounding the organism, where they break down an orga... | What still uses the external digestion system? | What still uses the external digestion system? | [
"What still uses the external digestion system?"
] | {
"text": [
"most fungi"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109530 | 5728eb743acd2414000e01cf | Samurai | Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) in 646 AD. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to ... | When was the Battle of Hakusukinoe? | When was the Battle of Hakusukinoe? | [
"When was the Battle of Hakusukinoe?"
] | {
"text": [
"663 AD"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96357 | 5728f99a6aef051400154912 | Paris | Paris is a city of books and bookstores. In the 1970s, 80 percent of French-language publishing houses were found in Paris, almost all on the Left Bank in the 5th, 6th and 7th arrondissements. Since that time, because of high prices, some publishers have moved out to the less expensive areas. It is also a city of small... | What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s? | What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s? | [
"What percentage of french publishing houses were in Paris in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [
"80"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76318 | 5726e77d5951b619008f81f5 | Utrecht | Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by Dudok. Besides theatres there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international Early ... | Cultural life in Utrecht is second to | Cultural life in Utrecht is second to | [
"Cultural life in Utrecht is second to "
] | {
"text": [
"Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36216 | 572fb2d4b2c2fd140056836f | Printed_circuit_board | Matte solder is usually fused to provide a better bonding surface or stripped to bare copper. Treatments, such as benzimidazolethiol, prevent surface oxidation of bare copper. The places to which components will be mounted are typically plated, because untreated bare copper oxidizes quickly, and therefore is not readil... | What's the process by which bare copper gets covered in solder? | What's the process by which bare copper gets covered in solder? | [
"What's the process by which bare copper gets covered in solder?"
] | {
"text": [
"hot air solder levelling"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88497 | 56d969badc89441400fdb41a | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | India rejected Chinese demands that the torch route be clear of India's 150,000-strong Tibetan exile community, by which they required a ban on congregation near the curtailed 3 km route. In response Indian officials said India was a democracy, and "a wholesale ban on protests was out of the question". Contradicting so... | Where is the exiled Tibetan government? | Where is the exiled Tibetan government? | [
"Where is the exiled Tibetan government?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57164 | 5728e29f3acd2414000e0119 | Apollo | In literary contexts, Apollo represents harmony, order, and reason—characteristics contrasted with those of Dionysus, god of wine, who represents ecstasy and disorder. The contrast between the roles of these gods is reflected in the adjectives Apollonian and Dionysian. However, the Greeks thought of the two qualities a... | Where did Apollo go in winter? | Where did Apollo go in winter? | [
"Where did Apollo go in winter?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hyperborea"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41610 | 56d66f3e1c85041400947118 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | In 2008, State Council established a counterpart support plan (《汶川地震灾后恢复重建对口支援方案》). The plan is to arrange 19 eastern and central province and municipalitie to help 18 counties, on "one province to one affected county" basis. The plan spanned 3 years, and cost no less than one percent of the province or municipality's ... | How long is the plan due to last? | How long is the plan due to last? | [
"How long is the plan due to last?"
] | {
"text": [
"3 years"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34521 | 56f8b5ef9e9bad19000a0380 | Southampton | The largest theatre in the city is the 2,300 capacity Mayflower Theatre (formerly known as the Gaumont), which, as the largest theatre in Southern England outside London, has hosted West End shows such as Les Misérables, The Rocky Horror Show and Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, as well as regular visits from Welsh National Op... | How many people can the Mayflower Theatre hold? | How many people can the Mayflower Theatre hold? | [
"How many people can the Mayflower Theatre hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"2,300"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104841 | 57336d734776f41900660aa9 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | When home prices declined in the latter half of 2007 and the secondary mortgage market collapsed, IndyMac was forced to hold $10.7 billion of loans it could not sell in the secondary market. Its reduced liquidity was further exacerbated in late June 2008 when account holders withdrew $1.55 billion or about 7.5% of Indy... | Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac? | Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a "run" on IndyMac? | [
"Who is the Senator that released a letter to the FDIC and OTS that prompted a \"run\" on IndyMac?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles Schumer"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41934 | 5a42b1214a4859001aac72aa | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In October 1997, Nintendo released a redesigned model of the SNES (the SNS-101 model) in North America for US$99, which sometimes included the pack-in game Super Mario World 2: Yoshi's Island. Like the earlier redesign of the NES (the NES-101 model), the new model was slimmer and lighter than its predecessor, but it la... | When was the NES-101 released in Japan? | When was the NES-101 released in Japan? | [
"When was the NES-101 released in Japan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87201 | 570b1cf5ec8fbc190045b830 | Videoconferencing | The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labe... | What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression? | What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression? | [
"What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?"
] | {
"text": [
"a codec (coder/decoder)"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30236 | 5acd59a007355d001abf3e3a | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | South Raleigh is located along U.S. 401 south toward Fuquay-Varina and along US 70 into suburban Garner. This area is the least developed and least dense area of Raleigh (much of the area lies within the Swift Creek watershed district, where development regulations limit housing densities and construction). The area is... | Where is North Raleigh? | Where is North Raleigh? | [
"Where is North Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6906 | 5ad4d9c65b96ef001a10a3bc | Red | There were guilds of dyers who specialized in red in Venice and other large Europeans cities. The Rubia plant was used to make the most common dye; it produced an orange-red or brick red color used to dye the clothes of merchants and artisans. For the wealthy, the dye used was Kermes, made from a tiny scale insect whic... | What city was rubia used to make dyes for the wealthy? | What city was rubia used to make dyes for the wealthy? | [
"What city was rubia used to make dyes for the wealthy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82600 | 56e795ee37bdd419002c41a4 | Daylight_saving_time | However, even if UTC is used internally, the systems still require information on time zones to correctly calculate local time where it is needed. Many systems in use today base their date/time calculations from data derived from the IANA time zone database also known as zoneinfo. | Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time? | Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time? | [
"Where do most systems go to get the data they use to calculate local time?"
] | {
"text": [
"the IANA time zone database"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83996 | 5a7e1c5c70df9f001a8754cd | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | What group's emergence in Egypt was a punishment to Britain and Korea's actions? | What group's emergence in Egypt was a punishment to Britain and Korea's actions? | [
"What group's emergence in Egypt was a punishment to Britain and Korea's actions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54363 | 5ad2d8e3d7d075001a42a459 | Christian | The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in mo... | Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah? | Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah? | [
"Which religion does not accept Yehudim as the Messiah?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99655 | 56fb78ce8ddada1400cd641f | Middle_Ages | The importance of infantry and light cavalry began to decline during the early Carolingian period, with a growing dominance of elite heavy cavalry. The use of militia-type levies of the free population declined over the Carolingian period. Although much of the Carolingian armies were mounted, a large proportion during ... | What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages? | What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages? | [
"What Roman weapon began to be used again in the Early Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"the crossbow"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86998 | 570bdd6fec8fbc190045bb9c | Biodiversity | Habitat size and numbers of species are systematically related. Physically larger species and those living at lower latitudes or in forests or oceans are more sensitive to reduction in habitat area. Conversion to "trivial" standardized ecosystems (e.g., monoculture following deforestation) effectively destroys habitat ... | What is systematically related to the numbers of species? | What is systematically related to the numbers of species? | [
"What is systematically related to the numbers of species?"
] | {
"text": [
"Habitat size"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33043 | 5ad18c22645df0001a2d1eec | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing C... | Who developed an improved method of carbon filaments in 1882? | Who developed an improved method of carbon filaments in 1882? | [
"Who developed an improved method of carbon filaments in 1882?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90571 | 5731c137e99e3014001e6249 | Pacific_War | By 1937, Japan controlled Manchuria and was ready to move deeper into China. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident on 7 July 1937 provoked full-scale war between China and Japan. The Nationalist and Communist Chinese suspended their civil war to form a nominal alliance against Japan, and the Soviet Union quickly lent support ... | What incident started the war between China and Japan? | What incident started the war between China and Japan? | [
"What incident started the war between China and Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marco Polo Bridge Incident"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90224 | 5acfd70277cf76001a68628b | Tibet | The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcri... | Who made the first reference to Bod "Tibet?" | Who made the first reference to Bod "Tibet?" | [
"Who made the first reference to Bod \"Tibet?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59298 | 5726b450708984140094ce61 | Alloy | Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people. Native copper, however, was found worldwide, along with silver, gold and platinum, which were also used to make tools, jewelry, and other objects since Neolithic times. Copper was the hard... | What does copper and zinc form to make? | What does copper and zinc form to make? | [
"What does copper and zinc form to make?"
] | {
"text": [
"brass"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4610 | 572805304b864d1900164250 | Pope_John_XXIII | The first session ended in a solemn ceremony on 8 December 1962 with the next session scheduled to occur in 1963 from 12 May to 29 June – this was announced on 12 November 1962. John XXIII's closing speech made subtle references to Pope Pius IX, and he had expressed the desire to see Pius IX beatified and eventually ca... | A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day? | A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day? | [
"A solemn ceremony ended the first session on what day?"
] | {
"text": [
"8 December 1962"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104924 | 57338497d058e614000b5c4e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | United States President Barack Obama and key advisers introduced a series of regulatory proposals in June 2009. The proposals address consumer protection, executive pay, bank financial cushions or capital requirements, expanded regulation of the shadow banking system and derivatives, and enhanced authority for the Fede... | Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading? | Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading? | [
"Regulations were proposed by Obama in January 2010 to limit the ability of banks to engage in which type trading?"
] | {
"text": [
"proprietary"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38462 | 56dedeeac65bf219000b3d8b | Materialism | Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philos... | Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta. | Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta. | [
"Name the title of the work by Jayaraashi Bhatta."
] | {
"text": [
"Tattvopaplavasimha (\"The upsetting of all principles\")"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47722 | 57266f58708984140094c5e4 | Napoleon | On 1 August, the British fleet under Horatio Nelson captured or destroyed all but two French vessels in the Battle of the Nile, defeating Bonaparte's goal to strengthen the French position in the Mediterranean. His army had succeeded in a temporary increase of French power in Egypt, though it faced repeated uprisings. ... | Who led the British during the Battle of the Nile? | Who led the British during the Battle of the Nile? | [
"Who led the British during the Battle of the Nile?"
] | {
"text": [
"Horatio Nelson"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115 | 56f8d9349b226e1400dd10da | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau is divided into eight regions (regiões) and one autonomous sector (sector autónomo). These, in turn, are subdivided into 37 Sectors. The regions are: | How many regions does Guinea-Bissau contain? | How many regions does Guinea-Bissau contain? | [
"How many regions does Guinea-Bissau contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23517 | 5731d900b9d445190005e5b2 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The required beliefs of these clauses include belief in a Supreme Being and belief in a future state of rewards and punishments. (Tennessee Constitution Article IX, Section 2 is one such example.) Some of these same states specify that the oath of office include the words "so help me God." In some cases these beliefs (... | Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what? | Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what? | [
"Requiring oaths invoking God are today deemed to be in violation of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"federal First Amendment"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2434 | 56d1f685e7d4791d009025cc | Buddhism | In addition, Mahayana Buddhists believe there are innumerable other Buddhas in other universes. A Theravada commentary says that Buddhas arise one at a time in this world element, and not at all in others. The understandings of this matter reflect widely differing interpretations of basic terms, such as "world realm", ... | What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras? | What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras? | [
"What buddhist belief says that Buddhas come one at a time and not within other eras?"
] | {
"text": [
"Theravada"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83551 | 5ad268fbd7d075001a4292a6 | Dominican_Order | English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God... | What did European mysticism and English mysticism both concentrate on? | What did European mysticism and English mysticism both concentrate on? | [
"What did European mysticism and English mysticism both concentrate on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87855 | 56e7c6bb37bdd419002c43f3 | Tristan_da_Cunha | On 13 February 2008, fire destroyed the fishing factory and the four generators that supplied power to the island. On 14 March 2008, new generators were installed and uninterrupted power was restored. This fire was devastating to the island because fishing is a mainstay of the economy. While a new factory was being pla... | when was the new fishing factory ready for use? | when was the new fishing factory ready for use? | [
"when was the new fishing factory ready for use?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83155 | 56ded8b43277331400b4d765 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger was born with a bicuspid aortic valve, an aortic valve with only two leaflets (a normal aortic valve has three leaflets). Schwarzenegger opted in 1997 for a replacement heart valve made of his own transplanted tissue; medical experts predicted he would require heart valve replacement surgery in the follo... | What word describes an aortic valve with two rather than three leaflets? | What word describes an aortic valve with two rather than three leaflets? | [
"What word describes an aortic valve with two rather than three leaflets?"
] | {
"text": [
"bicuspid"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92031 | 5a819e6831013a001a334ceb | Cotton | The cottonseed which remains after the cotton is ginned is used to produce cottonseed oil, which, after refining, can be consumed by humans like any other vegetable oil. The cottonseed meal that is left generally is fed to ruminant livestock; the gossypol remaining in the meal is toxic to monogastric animals. Cottonsee... | For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from root bark? | For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from root bark? | [
"For what is cottonseed used after it is separate from root bark?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56442 | 572eb8af03f98919007569a0 | Geography_of_the_United_States | The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by th... | Which ocean does Alaska border to the south? | Which ocean does Alaska border to the south? | [
"Which ocean does Alaska border to the south?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pacific Ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44160 | 5a2ee86da83784001a7d2543 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Until the 1980s, the governor of the Federal District was appointed by the Federal Government, and the laws of Brasília were issued by the Brazilian Federal Senate. With the Constitution of 1988 Brasília gained the right to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly (Câmara Legislativa) was elected to exercise legisla... | What does the Brazilian Federal Senate also serve besides the Federal District? | What does the Brazilian Federal Senate also serve besides the Federal District? | [
"What does the Brazilian Federal Senate also serve besides the Federal District?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3791 | 56be9add3aeaaa14008c9153 | Beyoncé | Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had", which ... | Which single had the most success from that album? | Which single had the most success from that album? | [
"Which single had the most success from that album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Love on Top"
],
"answer_start": [
371
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111887 | 57278126708984140094df5e | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Darwin's barnacle studies convinced him that variation arose constantly and not just in response to changed circumstances. In 1854, he completed the last part of his Beagle-related writing and began working full-time on evolution. His thinking changed from the view that species formed in isolated populations only, as o... | By which year had Darwin's theory become more complex and supported by a lot of evidence? | By which year had Darwin's theory become more complex and supported by a lot of evidence? | [
"By which year had Darwin's theory become more complex and supported by a lot of evidence?"
] | {
"text": [
"1856"
],
"answer_start": [
885
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106184 | 5725c6e189a1e219009abe80 | Hellenistic_period | Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to... | What years did Cleomenes III rule? | What years did Cleomenes III rule? | [
"What years did Cleomenes III rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"235–222 BCE"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70467 | 56dfd7cf231d4119001abe2f | Pub | However, closing times were increasingly disregarded in the country pubs. In England and Wales by 2000 pubs could legally open from 11 am (12 noon on Sundays) through to 11 pm (10:30 pm on Sundays). That year was also the first to allow continuous opening for 36 hours from 11 am on New Year's Eve to 11 pm on New Year's... | Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday? | Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday? | [
"Circa 2000, what was the latest pubs in Wales could be open until on every day but Sunday?"
] | {
"text": [
"11 pm"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8018 | 5ad0100877cf76001a686864 | Copyright_infringement | Early court cases focused on the liability of Internet service providers (ISPs) for hosting, transmitting or publishing user-supplied content that could be actioned under civil or criminal law, such as libel, defamation, or pornography. As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence ... | Who didn't early court cases focus on? | Who didn't early court cases focus on? | [
"Who didn't early court cases focus on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7297 | 573016e1a23a5019007fcd52 | Georgian_architecture | Windows in all types of buildings were large and regularly placed on a grid; this was partly to minimize window tax, which was in force throughout the period in the United Kingdom. Some windows were subsequently bricked-in. Their height increasingly varied between the floors, and they increasingly began below waist-hei... | When was the sash window developed? | When was the sash window developed? | [
"When was the sash window developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1670s"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99142 | 5a8262dde60761001a2eb229 | Turner_Classic_Movies | The TCM Vault Collection consists of several different DVD collections of rare classic films that have been licensed, remastered and released by Turner Classic Movies (through corporate sister Warner Home Video). These boxed set releases are of films by notable actors, directors or studios that were previously unreleas... | Through what company is the MOD released? | Through what company is the MOD released? | [
"Through what company is the MOD released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16913 | 5725c38d271a42140099d16d | Israel | In 2016, Israel's population was an estimated 8,476,600 million people, of whom 6,345,400 (74.9%) were recorded by the civil government as Jews. 1,760,400 Arabs comprised 20.7% of the population, while non-Arab Christians and people who have no religion listed in the civil registry made up 4.4%. Over the last decade, l... | What was Israel's population in 2016? | What was Israel's population in 2016? | [
"What was Israel's population in 2016?"
] | {
"text": [
"8,476,600"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47539 | 572fc34c947a6a140053cc71 | Armenia | Due to its position between two unfriendly neighbours, Armenia has close security ties with Russia. At the request of the Armenian government, Russia maintains a military base in the northwestern Armenian city of Gyumri as a deterrent against Turkey.[citation needed] Despite this, Armenia has also been looking toward E... | Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri? | Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri? | [
"Who gave Russia permission to have a military base in Gyumri?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armenian government"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99882 | 56fb93b3b28b3419009f1e4a | Middle_Ages | One of the major developments in the military sphere during the Late Middle Ages was the increased use of infantry and light cavalry. The English also employed longbowmen, but other countries were unable to create similar forces with the same success. Armour continued to advance, spurred by the increasing power of cros... | What influenced the increasing development of armor? | What influenced the increasing development of armor? | [
"What influenced the increasing development of armor?"
] | {
"text": [
"the increasing power of crossbows"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10414 | 5acf7d5e77cf76001a684f68 | Comics | Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became ... | When did Mutt and Jeff end? | When did Mutt and Jeff end? | [
"When did Mutt and Jeff end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62784 | 572f75edb2c2fd140056814c | Pain | A much smaller number of people are insensitive to pain due to an inborn abnormality of the nervous system, known as "congenital insensitivity to pain". Children with this condition incur carelessly-repeated damage to their tongues, eyes, joints, skin, and muscles. Some die before adulthood, and others have a reduced l... | What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain? | What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain? | [
"What is the life expectancy for people who can't feel pain?"
] | {
"text": [
"reduced"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116045 | 572e916a03f98919007567bb | Richard_Feynman | Feynman traveled to Brazil, where he gave courses at the BCPF (Brazilian Center for Physics Research) and near the end of his life schemed to visit the Russian land of Tuva, a dream that, because of Cold War bureaucratic problems, never became reality. The day after he died, a letter arrived for him from the Soviet gov... | Where did Feynman work at in Brazil? | Where did Feynman work at in Brazil? | [
"Where did Feynman work at in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazilian Center for Physics Research"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66168 | 570bf0126b8089140040fad4 | ASCII | ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCI... | Who surpassed ASCII? | Who surpassed ASCII? | [
"Who surpassed ASCII?"
] | {
"text": [
"UTF-8"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46261 | 57325556e99e3014001e66cf | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Sociologist James A. Beckford, in his 1975 study of Jehovah's Witnesses, classified the religion's organizational structure as Totalizing, characterized by an assertive leadership, specific and narrow objectives, control over competing demands on members' time and energy, and control over the quality of new members. Ot... | When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses? | When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses? | [
"When did Beckford study the Jehovah's Witnesses?"
] | {
"text": [
"1975"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46046 | 5ad3bcff604f3c001a3fef09 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training prog... | In what year did Nathan Knorr introduce his first new training program? | In what year did Nathan Knorr introduce his first new training program? | [
"In what year did Nathan Knorr introduce his first new training program?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16482 | 57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc045 | Muammar_Gaddafi | On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ... | Who was the prime minister of the NTC? | Who was the prime minister of the NTC? | [
"Who was the prime minister of the NTC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mahmoud Jibril"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25653 | 57310cc9497a881900248b3e | Namibia | Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times. Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, Vision2030 Focus magazine[citation needed] and Prime FOCUS. Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as ... | What is the economical magazine in Namibia? | What is the economical magazine in Namibia? | [
"What is the economical magazine in Namibia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Namibia Economist"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95987 | 5726c099708984140094d086 | Hokkien | The existence of literary and colloquial readings (文白異讀), called tha̍k-im (讀音), is a prominent feature of some Hokkien dialects and indeed in many Sinitic varieties in the south. The bulk of literary readings (文讀, bûn-tha̍k), based on pronunciations of the vernacular during the Tang Dynasty, are mainly used in formal p... | What is another name for colloquial? | What is another name for colloquial? | [
"What is another name for colloquial?"
] | {
"text": [
"vernacular)"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13656 | 5726fec6dd62a815002e973f | Glacier | Glaciers form where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation. The area in which a glacier forms is called a cirque (corrie or cwm) - a typically armchair-shaped geological feature (such as a depression between mountains enclosed by arêtes) - which collects and compresses through gravity the snow which falls in... | How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers? | How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers? | [
"How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 m (50 ft)"
],
"answer_start": [
855
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3873 | 56d4cee32ccc5a1400d8324a | Beyoncé | On February 6, 2016, one day before her performance at the Super Bowl, Beyoncé released a new single exclusively on music streaming service Tidal called "Formation". | When did Beyoncé release Formation? | When did Beyoncé release Formation? | [
"When did Beyoncé release Formation?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 6, 2016"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59146 | 5727c0a83acd2414000deba1 | A_cappella | Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college groups and ... | What popular a capella competition is not specific to college groups? | What popular a capella competition is not specific to college groups? | [
"What popular a capella competition is not specific to college groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"Harmony Sweepstakes"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96252 | 5728da773acd2414000e004e | Paris | The population of Paris today is lower than its historical peak of 2.9 million in 1921. The principal reasons were a significant decline in household size, and a dramatic migration of residents to the suburbs between 1962 and 1975. Factors in the migration included de-industrialisation, high rent, the gentrification of... | What was the population in 2009? | What was the population in 2009? | [
"What was the population in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"2,234,000"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97541 | 56cfe911234ae51400d9c085 | Frédéric_Chopin | With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn... | When did his sister come to stay with Chopin? | When did his sister come to stay with Chopin? | [
"When did his sister come to stay with Chopin?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 1849"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70910 | 573212a3e17f3d1400422665 | Bird | Brood parasitism, in which an egg-layer leaves her eggs with another individual's brood, is more common among birds than any other type of organism. After a parasitic bird lays her eggs in another bird's nest, they are often accepted and raised by the host at the expense of the host's own brood. Brood parasites may be ... | What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output? | What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output? | [
"What type of birds lay eggs in the nests of conspecifics to increase their reproductive output?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-obligate brood parasites"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46386 | 5ad3f364604f3c001a3ff901 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The religion's failure to report abuse allegations to authorities has also been criticized. The Watch Tower Society's policy is that elders inform authorities when required by law to do so, but otherwise leave that action up to the victim and his or her family. The Australian Royal Commission into Institutional Respons... | How much does the Watch Tower Society pay to lawyers each year to represent them against child sexual abuse cases? | How much does the Watch Tower Society pay to lawyers each year to represent them against child sexual abuse cases? | [
"How much does the Watch Tower Society pay to lawyers each year to represent them against child sexual abuse cases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58338 | 5a2e07a0f28ef0001a526713 | Federal_Aviation_Administration | The approaching era of jet travel, and a series of midair collisions (most notable was the 1956 Grand Canyon mid-air collision), prompted passage of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958. This legislation gave the CAA's functions to a new independent body, the Federal Aviation Agency. The act transferred air safety regulati... | The approaching era of air traffic control prompted passage of what act? | The approaching era of air traffic control prompted passage of what act? | [
"The approaching era of air traffic control prompted passage of what act?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110167 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira? | What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira? | [
"What lethal injection drug is manufactured by Hospira?"
] | {
"text": [
"sodium thiopental"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86358 | 5a611e46e9e1cc001a33cf51 | Gymnastics | In the vaulting events, gymnasts sprint down a 25 metres (82 ft) runway, jump onto a spring filled board or perform a roundoff, or handspring entry onto a springboard (run/ take-off segment), land momentarily, inverted on the hands on the vaulting horse, or vaulting table (pre flight segment), then propel themselves fo... | In what kind of events do gymnasts jump through fire? | In what kind of events do gymnasts jump through fire? | [
"In what kind of events do gymnasts jump through fire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55321 | 5a31745be4dcb1001abb2321 | Baptists | In May 1845, the Baptist congregations in the United States split over slavery and missions. The Home Mission Society prevented slaveholders from being appointed as missionaries. The split created the Southern Baptist Convention, while the northern congregations formed their own umbrella organization now called the Ame... | Who encouraged slaveholders to be appointed missionaries? | Who encouraged slaveholders to be appointed missionaries? | [
"Who encouraged slaveholders to be appointed missionaries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40429 | 5ad68ece191832001aa7b1d4 | Paper | Pressing the sheet removes the water by force; once the water is forced from the sheet, a special kind of felt, which is not to be confused with the traditional one, is used to collect the water; whereas when making paper by hand, a blotter sheet is used instead. | Besides a blotter sheet, what can not be used to collect water? | Besides a blotter sheet, what can not be used to collect water? | [
" Besides a blotter sheet, what can not be used to collect water?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84894 | 5726ae25f1498d1400e8e706 | Mali | Present-day Mali was once part of three West African empires that controlled trans-Saharan trade: the Ghana Empire, the Mali Empire (for which Mali is named), and the Songhai Empire. During its golden age, there was a flourishing of mathematics, astronomy, literature, and art. At its peak in 1300, the Mali Empire cover... | In the latter part of the 19th century what country took control of Mali? | In the latter part of the 19th century what country took control of Mali? | [
"In the latter part of the 19th century what country took control of Mali?"
] | {
"text": [
"France seized control of Mali"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115375 | 56ea99270030b61400a34fcf | Political_corruption | The Nobel Prize-winning economist Amartya Sen has observed that "there is no such thing as an apolitical food problem." While drought and other naturally occurring events may trigger famine conditions, it is government action or inaction that determines its severity, and often even whether or not a famine will occur. | Who has stated that apolitical food problems do not exist? | Who has stated that apolitical food problems do not exist? | [
"Who has stated that apolitical food problems do not exist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amartya Sen"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73196 | 56d372a659d6e414001463f5 | American_Idol | Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner, beating Clay Aiken by a small margin. Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken. This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through. In an interview prior to season five, executive ... | What was the name of the shows executive producer? | What was the name of the shows executive producer? | [
"What was the name of the shows executive producer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nigel Lythgoe"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62930 | 572fa775947a6a140053cb0c | Pain | A number of meta-analyses have found clinical hypnosis to be effective in controlling pain associated with diagnostic and surgical procedures in both adults and children, as well as pain associated with cancer and childbirth. A 2007 review of 13 studies found evidence for the efficacy of hypnosis in the reduction of ch... | What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack? | What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack? | [
"What did the studies regarding the effectiveness of hypnosis lack?"
] | {
"text": [
"credible controls for placebo and/or expectation"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4003 | 56d4df312ccc5a1400d832b7 | Beyoncé | In 2001, she became the first African-American woman and second woman songwriter to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs ("Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check... | Who gave Beyoncé the Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001? | Who gave Beyoncé the Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001? | [
"Who gave Beyoncé the Pop Songwriter of the Year award in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards."
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37730 | 5728c5532ca10214002da766 | London | There is a variety of annual events, beginning with the relatively new New Year's Day Parade, fireworks display at the London Eye, the world's second largest street party, the Notting Hill Carnival is held during the late August Bank Holiday each year. Traditional parades include November's Lord Mayor's Show, a centuri... | Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event? | Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event? | [
"Every June, the Trooping of the Colour celebrates what event?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Queen's Official Birthday"
],
"answer_start": [
592
]
} |
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