gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-6264 | 5ad02f5777cf76001a686d7e | Late_Middle_Ages | Hunyadi succeeded during the Siege of Belgrade in 1456 against the Ottomans, the biggest victory against that empire in decades. This battle became a real Crusade against the Muslims, as the peasants were motivated by the Franciscan monk Saint John of Capistrano, who came from Italy predicating Holy War. The effect tha... | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace? | When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace? | [
"When John Hunyadi died, which province was left in peace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54662 | 5ad5016e5b96ef001a10a92d | Macintosh | The Macintosh project was begun in 1979 by Jef Raskin, an Apple employee who envisioned an easy-to-use, low-cost computer for the average consumer. He wanted to name the computer after his favorite type of apple, the McIntosh, but the spelling was changed to "Macintosh" for legal reasons as the original was the same sp... | What wasn't Jef Raskin's profession? | What wasn't Jef Raskin's profession? | [
"What wasn't Jef Raskin's profession?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62583 | 572937f3af94a219006aa1b7 | Software_testing | The practice of component interface testing can be used to check the handling of data passed between various units, or subsystem components, beyond full integration testing between those units. The data being passed can be considered as "message packets" and the range or data types can be checked, for data generated fr... | What is it called to check data passed between units? | What is it called to check data passed between units? | [
"What is it called to check data passed between units?"
] | {
"text": [
"component interface testing"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30115 | 5726ac58708984140094cd7f | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is an early example in the United States of a planned city, chosen as the site of the state capital in 1788 and incorporated in 1792 as such. The city was originally laid out in a grid pattern with the North Carolina State Capitol in Union Square at the center. In the United States Civil War the city was spared... | What happened in the 20th century? | What happened in the 20th century? | [
"What happened in the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Research Triangle Park"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11847 | 56faec218f12f319006302d9 | Somalis | Somalis for centuries have practiced a form of customary law, which they call Xeer. Xeer is a polycentric legal system where there is no monopolistic agent that determines what the law should be or how it should be interpreted. | What is the Somali system of customary law? | What is the Somali system of customary law? | [
"What is the Somali system of customary law?"
] | {
"text": [
"Xeer"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107009 | 5ace687532bba1001ae4a5da | Hunting | New Zealand has a strong hunting culture. The islands making up New Zealand originally had no land mammals apart from bats. However, once Europeans arrived, game animals were introduced by acclimatisation societies to provide New Zealanders with sport and a hunting resource. Deer, pigs, goats, rabbits, hare, tahr and c... | What were bats originally used for in Europe? | What were bats originally used for in Europe? | [
"What were bats originally used for in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79922 | 5706457d75f01819005e7aec | MP3 | A more sophisticated MP3 encoder can produce variable bitrate audio. MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it. VBR is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitr... | What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality? | What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality? | [
"What do encoders use when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality?"
] | {
"text": [
"VBR"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101513 | 56d4befa2ccc5a1400d831b4 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What is the Latin term for "dog.?" | What is the Latin term for "dog.?" | [
"What is the Latin term for \"dog.?\""
] | {
"text": [
"Canis"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108801 | 5726c2c4f1498d1400e8ea7c | Literature | Greek drama exemplifies the earliest form of drama of which we have substantial knowledge. Tragedy, as a dramatic genre, developed as a performance associated with religious and civic festivals, typically enacting or developing upon well-known historical or mythological themes. Tragedies generally presented very seriou... | The earliest form of drama we know of was part of what culture? | The earliest form of drama we know of was part of what culture? | [
"The earliest form of drama we know of was part of what culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112001 | 5727c1064b864d1900163c85 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Darwin discusses morphology, including the importance of homologous structures. He says, "What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and s... | What are some examples that Darwin gives of species whose basic form of limbs is similar, but who have vastly different uses for them? | What are some examples that Darwin gives of species whose basic form of limbs is similar, but who have vastly different uses for them? | [
"What are some examples that Darwin gives of species whose basic form of limbs is similar, but who have vastly different uses for them?"
] | {
"text": [
"the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93834 | 572e7f8003f98919007566dc | Cyprus | Following the death in 1473 of James II, the last Lusignan king, the Republic of Venice assumed control of the island, while the late king's Venetian widow, Queen Catherine Cornaro, reigned as figurehead. Venice formally annexed the Kingdom of Cyprus in 1489, following the abdication of Catherine. The Venetians fortifi... | Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II? | Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II? | [
"Who assumed control of the island after the death of James II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Republic of Venice"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57092 | 5728d3393acd2414000dff75 | Apollo | The old oracles in Delphi seem to be connected with a local tradition of the priesthood, and there is not clear evidence that a kind of inspiration-prophecy existed in the temple. This led some scholars to the conclusion that Pythia carried on the rituals in a consistent procedure through many centuries, according to t... | What Greek tradition seems to be confirmed by recent studies? | What Greek tradition seems to be confirmed by recent studies? | [
"What Greek tradition seems to be confirmed by recent studies?"
] | {
"text": [
"existence of vapours and chewing of laurel-leaves"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29399 | 5a567aca6349e2001acdcdaa | Swaziland | As noted above, there are 55 tinkhundla in Swaziland and each elects one representative to the House of Assembly of Swaziland. Each inkhundla has a development committee (bucopho) elected from the various constituency chiefdoms in its area for a five-year term. Bucopho bring to the inkhundla all matters of interest and... | How many members are there of the House Assembly? | How many members are there of the House Assembly? | [
"How many members are there of the House Assembly?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102813 | 5acd0ee707355d001abf32ba | Unicode | Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit... | What did UCS-2 expand? | What did UCS-2 expand? | [
"What did UCS-2 expand?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110118 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc63 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for freedoms in 2015? | What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for freedoms in 2015? | [
" What gas did Oklahoma decide to use for freedoms in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28916 | 571abee110f8ca1400305338 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A Federal Trade Commission report issued in 1958 attempted to quantify the effect of antibiotic development on American public health. The report found that over the period 1946-1955, there was a 42% drop in the incidence of diseases for which antibiotics were effective and only a 20% drop in those for which antibiotic... | What period was the report issued in 1958 cover? | What period was the report issued in 1958 cover? | [
"What period was the report issued in 1958 cover?"
] | {
"text": [
"1946-1955"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103587 | 572a17261d04691400779763 | East_Prussia | The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the... | How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad? | How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad? | [
"How many died trying to defend the province in Kaliningrad?"
] | {
"text": [
"300,000"
],
"answer_start": [
953
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101254 | 5ad28243d7d075001a429829 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | On 21 September, the Soviets and Germans signed a formal agreement coordinating military movements in Poland, including the "purging" of saboteurs. A joint German–Soviet parade was held in Lvov and Brest-Litovsk, while the countries commanders met in the latter location. Stalin had decided in August that he was going t... | Why didn't Soviets create fake elections in Poland? | Why didn't Soviets create fake elections in Poland? | [
"Why didn't Soviets create fake elections in Poland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28203 | 5ad4c2c45b96ef001a109f94 | Steven_Spielberg | Also in 2005, Spielberg directed a modern adaptation of War of the Worlds (a co-production of Paramount and DreamWorks), based on the H. G. Wells book of the same name (Spielberg had been a huge fan of the book and the original 1953 film). It starred Tom Cruise and Dakota Fanning, and, as with past Spielberg films, Ind... | In what year was the novel War of the Worlds published? | In what year was the novel War of the Worlds published? | [
"In what year was the novel War of the Worlds published?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44694 | 56f89cb39e9bad19000a01c7 | Gene | The theories developed in the 1930s and 1940s to integrate molecular genetics with Darwinian evolution are called the modern evolutionary synthesis, a term introduced by Julian Huxley. Evolutionary biologists subsequently refined this concept, such as George C. Williams' gene-centric view of evolution. He proposed an e... | In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed? | In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed? | [
"In what time span were the theories to integrate molecular genetic with Darwinian evolution developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1930s and 1940s"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40637 | 56e76b5600c9c71400d770fc | Paper | Some manufacturers have started using a new, significantly more environmentally friendly alternative to expanded plastic packaging. Made out of paper, and known commercially as paperfoam, the new packaging has very similar mechanical properties to some expanded plastic packaging, but is biodegradable and can also be re... | What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly? | What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly? | [
"What product used in the sale ofpaper is newly used by manufacturers in an effort to be more environmentally friendly?"
] | {
"text": [
"paperfoam"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45202 | 5a60b3b5e9e1cc001a33cd74 | Sahara | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | Where are the highlands located? | Where are the highlands located? | [
"Where are the highlands located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28945 | 571ac3f89499d21900609afd | Pharmaceutical_industry | Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spur... | What act allowed premarket approval for drugs? | What act allowed premarket approval for drugs? | [
"What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Biologics Control Act of 1902"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76313 | 5726e671708984140094d547 | Utrecht | Utrecht hosts several large institutions of higher education. The most prominent of these is Utrecht University (est. 1636), the largest university of the Netherlands with 30,449 students (as of 2012). The university is partially based in the inner city as well as in the Uithof campus area, to the east of the city. Acc... | What smaller university is in Utrecht | What smaller university is in Utrecht | [
"What smaller university is in Utrecht"
] | {
"text": [
"Utrecht also houses the much smaller University of Humanistic Studies, which houses about 400 students."
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88383 | 56d8e40fdc89441400fdb390 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Several hundred pro-Tibet protesters gathered at the Trocadéro with banners and Tibetan flags, and remained there for a peaceful protest, never approaching the torch relay itself. Among them was Jane Birkin, who spoke to the media about the "lack of freedom of speech" in China. Also present was Thupten Gyatso, Presiden... | Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet? | Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet? | [
"Where did hundreds of pro-Tibet protesters meet?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Trocadéro"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52762 | 57279453f1498d1400e8fcad | Political_party | When the party is represented by members in the lower house of parliament, the party leader simultaneously serves as the leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation; depending on a minimum number of seats held, Westminster-based parties typically allow for leaders to form frontbench teams of sen... | If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve? | If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve? | [
"If a party is represented by members from the lower house of parliament, what other position can the party leader serve?"
] | {
"text": [
"leader of the parliamentary group of that full party representation"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47804 | 572695e8dd62a815002e8a65 | Napoleon | The Allied disaster at Austerlitz significantly shook the faith of Emperor Francis in the British-led war effort. France and Austria agreed to an armistice immediately and the Treaty of Pressburg followed shortly after on 26 December. Pressburg took Austria out of both the war and the Coalition while reinforcing the ea... | The Treaty of Pressburg resulted in which country leaving the war? | The Treaty of Pressburg resulted in which country leaving the war? | [
"The Treaty of Pressburg resulted in which country leaving the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57978 | 5ad41313604f3c001a40025b | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Title VII was perhaps the most controversial of the entire bill. Many conservatives accused it of advocating a de facto quota system, and claimed unconstitutionality as it attempts to regulate the workplace. Minnesota Senator Hubert Humphrey corrected this notion: "there is nothing in [Title VII] that will give power t... | Which section of the legislation was considered the least controversial? | Which section of the legislation was considered the least controversial? | [
"Which section of the legislation was considered the least controversial?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41146 | 57315e23e6313a140071cea1 | Egypt | In 1970, President Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. Sadat switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972. He launched the Infitah economic reform policy, while clamping down on religious and secular opposition. In 1973, Egypt, along with S... | What was the October War? | What was the October War? | [
"What was the October War?"
] | {
"text": [
"surprise attack to regain part of the Sinai territory Israel had captured 6 years earlier"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13437 | 56e7b14100c9c71400d774fc | Nanjing | Jiangsu Art Gallery is the largest gallery in Jiangsu Province, presenting some of the best traditional and contemporary art pieces of China; many other smaller-scale galleries, such as Red Chamber Art Garden and Jinling Stone Gallery, also have their own special exhibitions. | What type of art does Jiangsu Art Gallery contain? | What type of art does Jiangsu Art Gallery contain? | [
"What type of art does Jiangsu Art Gallery contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditional and contemporary art pieces of China"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35800 | 570a5d534103511400d59677 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust was formed on 1 October 2007 by the merger of Hammersmith Hospitals NHS Trust (Charing Cross Hospital, Hammersmith Hospital and Queen Charlotte's and Chelsea Hospital) and St Mary's NHS Trust (St. Mary's Hospital and Western Eye Hospital) with Imperial College London Faculty of Med... | What is the annual turnover for the trust? | What is the annual turnover for the trust? | [
"What is the annual turnover for the trust?"
] | {
"text": [
"£800 million"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21077 | 572ea6dc03f98919007568b0 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | For decades, the U.S. federal government strenuously tried to force Puerto Ricans to adopt English, to the extent of making them use English as the primary language of instruction in their high schools. It was completely unsuccessful, and retreated from that policy in 1948. Puerto Rico was able to maintain its Spanish ... | How did America try to make Puerto Rico's language English? | How did America try to make Puerto Rico's language English? | [
"How did America try to make Puerto Rico's language English?"
] | {
"text": [
"making them use English as the primary language of instruction in their high schools."
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73372 | 56db229de7c41114004b4dea | American_Idol | The two finalists were Kris Allen and Adam Lambert, both of whom had previously landed in the bottom three at the top five. Allen won the contest in the most controversial voting result since season two. It was claimed, later retracted, that 38 million of the 100 million votes cast on the night came from Allen's home s... | Who won the season? | Who won the season? | [
"Who won the season?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kris Allen"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114282 | 5726a0d2708984140094cc3f | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | In exchange for Rupert Murdoch's support, Blair agreed not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism – which John Major had withdrawn the country from in September 1992 after barely two years. Cabinet Minister Peter Mandelson was "outed" by Matthew Parris (a former Sun columnist) on BBC TV's Newsnight in November 19... | What did Blair agree to in order to get the support of Rupert Murdoch? | What did Blair agree to in order to get the support of Rupert Murdoch? | [
"What did Blair agree to in order to get the support of Rupert Murdoch?"
] | {
"text": [
"not to join the European Exchange Rate Mechanism"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19638 | 56dc7d3514d3a41400c26908 | Comprehensive_school | By 1975 the majority of local authorities in England and Wales had abandoned the 11-plus examination and moved to a comprehensive system. Over that 10-year period many secondary modern schools and grammar schools were amalgamated to form large neighbourhood comprehensives, whilst a number of new schools were built to a... | What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s? | What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s? | [
"What are two locations in which all secondary schools were converted to comprehensives in the '70s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sandwell and Dudley"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74732 | 570e5fa90b85d914000d7e75 | Melbourne | Some of Australia's most prominent and well known schools are based in Melbourne. Of the top twenty high schools in Australia according to the Better Education ranking, six are located in Melbourne. There has also been a rapid increase in the number of International students studying in the city. Furthermore, Melbourne... | How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking? | How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking? | [
"How many of the top twenty high school sin Australia are located in Mebourne according to the Better Education ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92400 | 5730dbfef6cb411900e244f4 | United_States_Air_Force | Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, ... | What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability? | What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability? | [
"What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability? "
] | {
"text": [
"Cyberspace Support"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22091 | 5a7b55d121c2de001afe9ee7 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is an independent agency of the United States government charged with preserving and documenting government and historical records and with increasing public access to those documents, which comprise the National Archives. NARA is officially responsible for mainta... | What does Congress usually do when they deliberate a bill? | What does Congress usually do when they deliberate a bill? | [
"What does Congress usually do when they deliberate a bill?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19533 | 5ad5f9765b96ef001a10af6f | Comprehensive_school | The percentage of students attending a Gesamtschule varies by Bundesland. In the State of Brandenburg more than 50% of all students attended a Gesamtschule in 2007, while in the State of Bavaria less than 1% did. | What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008? | What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008? | [
"What percentage of Brandenburg students went to a Gesamtschule in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102571 | 5a79cef317ab25001a8a00a0 | Association_football | The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shr... | What year did John Charles Thring come up with rules that were not influential? | What year did John Charles Thring come up with rules that were not influential? | [
"What year did John Charles Thring come up with rules that were not influential?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85615 | 5ad2b1fcd7d075001a429f76 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Nintendo also made two turbo controllers for the NES called NES Advantage and the NES Max. Both controllers had a Turbo feature, a feature where one tap of the button represented multiple taps. This feature allowed players to shoot much faster during shooter games. The NES Advantage had two knobs that adjusted the firi... | The SNES Max also did not feature what? | The SNES Max also did not feature what? | [
" The SNES Max also did not feature what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19413 | 5a3b57d33ff257001ab84419 | Rule_of_law | In countries such as China and Vietnam, the transition to a market economy has been a major factor in a move toward the rule of law, because a rule of law is important to foreign investors and to economic development. It remains unclear whether the rule of law in countries like China and Vietnam will be limited to comm... | What has already spilled over to other areas in China and Vietnam? | What has already spilled over to other areas in China and Vietnam? | [
"What has already spilled over to other areas in China and Vietnam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76503 | 5a399e712f14dd001ac724c1 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Marine mammals are many, such as the dolphins, porpoises and whales, which are seen here during the migration period from December till May. Turtles are a common sight along the coastline of the island. They are a protected species and in the endangered list. It is stated that it will take 15–50 years for this species ... | How long do porpoises usually live? | How long do porpoises usually live? | [
"How long do porpoises usually live?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27436 | 572faff7b2c2fd1400568352 | Transistor | The junction forward voltage is the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT in order to make the base conduct a specified current. The current increases exponentially as the junction forward voltage is increased. The values given in the table are typical for a current of 1 mA (the same values apply to sem... | What is the purpose of a junction forward voltage? | What is the purpose of a junction forward voltage? | [
"What is the purpose of a junction forward voltage?"
] | {
"text": [
"to make the base conduct a specified current"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98509 | 5a5f7d17eae51e001ab14b07 | Marvel_Comics | Marvel counts among its characters such well-known superheroes as Spider-Man, Iron Man, Captain America, Wolverine, Thor, Hulk, Ant-Man, such teams as the Avengers, the Guardians of the Galaxy, the Fantastic Four, the Inhumans and the X-Men, and antagonists such as Doctor Doom, The Enchantress, Green Goblin, Ultron, Do... | Which group fought the Fantastic Four in New York City? | Which group fought the Fantastic Four in New York City? | [
"Which group fought the Fantastic Four in New York City?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58620 | 570e6cc60b85d914000d7ecb | Sanskrit | Many Sanskrit dramas also indicate that the language coexisted with Prakrits, spoken by multilingual speakers with a more extensive education. Sanskrit speakers were almost always multilingual. In the medieval era, Sanskrit continued to be spoken and written, particularly by learned Brahmins for scholarly communication... | For what did Brahmins use Sanskrit? | For what did Brahmins use Sanskrit? | [
"For what did Brahmins use Sanskrit?"
] | {
"text": [
"scholarly communication"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89262 | 5730d9efb54a4f140068ccae | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What are the countries in the G7? | What are the countries in the G7? | [
"What are the countries in the G7?"
] | {
"text": [
"Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom and the United States of America"
],
"answer_start": [
930
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12937 | 56dceb899a695914005b9475 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The Republic of the Congo received full independence from France on August 15, 1960. Fulbert Youlou ruled as the country's first president until labour elements and rival political parties instigated a three-day uprising that ousted him. The Congolese military took charge of the country briefly and installed a civilian... | Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal? | Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal? | [
"Who were responsible for the revolts that ended with Youlou's removal?"
] | {
"text": [
"labour elements and rival political parties"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18029 | 56dfc22f7aa994140058e143 | Internet_service_provider | In the simplest case, a single connection is established to an upstream ISP and is used to transmit data to or from areas of the Internet beyond the home network; this mode of interconnection is often cascaded multiple times until reaching a tier 1 carrier. In reality, the situation is often more complex. ISPs with mor... | What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs? | What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs? | [
"What provides bandwidth for the connecting of hosting ISPs and access ISPs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Transit ISPs"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55147 | 570a8df96d058f1900182f92 | Everton_F.C. | The record attendance for an Everton home match is 78,299 against Liverpool on 18 September 1948. Amazingly, there was only 1 injury at this game-Tom Fleetwood was hit on the head by a coin thrown from the crowd whilst he marched around the perimeter with St Edward's Orphanage Band, playing the cornet. Goodison Park, l... | How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948? | How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948? | [
"How many fans were in attendance during Everton's match against Liverpool on September 18, 1948?"
] | {
"text": [
"78,299"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103481 | 5ad2d3dbd7d075001a42a3ba | Multiracial_American | Many Latin American migrants have been mestizo, Amerindian, or other mixed race. Multiracial Latinos have limited media appearance; critics have accused the U.S. Hispanic media of overlooking the brown-skinned indigenous and multiracial Hispanic and black Hispanic populations by over-representation of blond and blue/gr... | What do white Americans consider a light skinned mulatto to be? | What do white Americans consider a light skinned mulatto to be? | [
"What do white Americans consider a light skinned mulatto to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75849 | 570603ed52bb8914006897a5 | The_Times | In a 2007 meeting with the House of Lords Select Committee on Communications, which was investigating media ownership and the news, Murdoch stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from exercising editorial control. | In the 2007 meeting with the government, Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Times, stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from doing what? | In the 2007 meeting with the government, Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Times, stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from doing what? | [
"In the 2007 meeting with the government, Rupert Murdoch, owner of The Times, stated that the law and the independent board prevented him from doing what?"
] | {
"text": [
"exercising editorial control"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25161 | 56d006f6234ae51400d9c29b | New_York_City | The annual United States Open Tennis Championships is one of the world's four Grand Slam tennis tournaments and is held at the National Tennis Center in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, Queens. The New York Marathon is one of the world's largest, and the 2004–2006 events hold the top three places in the marathons with the... | Which borough of New York hosts the US Open Tennis championships? | Which borough of New York hosts the US Open Tennis championships? | [
"Which borough of New York hosts the US Open Tennis championships?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queens"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5067 | 56e14848cd28a01900c67739 | Boston | A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world. | What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world? | What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world? | [
"What rank does Boston hold as far as being an economically powerful city in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"among the top 30"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1912 | 570b4c3c6b8089140040f862 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The War on Terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international terrorist groups (primarily Islamic Extremist terrorist groups, including al-Qaeda) and ensure that countries considered by the US and some of its allies to ... | What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism? | What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism? | [
"What is one prominent, specific terrorist group targeted by the War on Terrorism?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Qaeda"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52523 | 5a3ab6033ff257001ab8421d | Planck_constant | The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thor... | Who published the first thorough investigation of the photosynthesis effect? | Who published the first thorough investigation of the photosynthesis effect? | [
"Who published the first thorough investigation of the photosynthesis effect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80380 | 572fc90704bcaa1900d76d29 | Bacteria | Most laboratory techniques for growing bacteria use high levels of nutrients to produce large amounts of cells cheaply and quickly. However, in natural environments, nutrients are limited, meaning that bacteria cannot continue to reproduce indefinitely. This nutrient limitation has led the evolution of different growth... | What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available? | What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available? | [
"What do algal bacteria if nutrients are available?"
] | {
"text": [
"grow extremely rapidly"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77154 | 56df5a8096943c1400a5d413 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | UNFPA works in partnership with governments, along with other United Nations agencies, communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector, to raise awareness and mobilize the support and resources needed to achieve its mission to promote the rights and health of women and young people. | Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies? | Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies? | [
"Who does UNFPA work with in addition to government and U.N. agencies?"
] | {
"text": [
"communities, NGOs, foundations and the private sector"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15570 | 57070f769e06ca38007e935f | Black_people | The concept of race in Brazil is complex. A Brazilian child was never automatically identified with the racial type of one or both of his or her parents, nor were there only two categories to choose from. Between an individual of unmixed West African descent and a very light mulatto individual, more than a dozen racial... | How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil? | How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil? | [
"How does one determine ethnicity in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"based on various combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21631 | 5730b5b4069b531400832296 | Sumer | Sumerian religion seems to have been founded upon two separate cosmogenic myths. The first saw creation as the result of a series of hieros gami or sacred marriages, involving the reconciliation of opposites, postulated as a coming together of male and female divine beings; the gods. This continued to influence the who... | What does one myth see creation as being the result of? | What does one myth see creation as being the result of? | [
"What does one myth see creation as being the result of?"
] | {
"text": [
"a series of hieros gami"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62597 | 5a7b906021c2de001afea16c | Software_testing | Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operat... | What is Operational Acceptance limited to while running? | What is Operational Acceptance limited to while running? | [
"What is Operational Acceptance limited to while running?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5680 | 5ad283add7d075001a429854 | House_music | Kevin Saunderson's company KMS Records contributed many releases that were as much house music as they were techno. These tracks were well received in Chicago and played on Chicago radio and in clubs.[citation needed] Blake Baxter's 1986 recording, "When we Used to Play / Work your Body", 1987's "Bounce Your Body to th... | What was the 1988 hit theme released by KMS? | What was the 1988 hit theme released by KMS? | [
"What was the 1988 hit theme released by KMS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109925 | 571007ebb654c5140001f758 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified? | When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified? | [
"When was Michigan's fourth Constitution ratified?"
] | {
"text": [
"1963"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14742 | 5730976a069b5314008321bb | Alfred_North_Whitehead | However, Mathews' frustration with Whitehead's books did not negatively affect his interest. In fact, there were numerous philosophers and theologians at Chicago's Divinity School that perceived the importance of what Whitehead was doing without fully grasping all of the details and implications. In 1927 they invited o... | Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts? | Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts? | [
"Who was invited to the Chicago Divinity school as one of Whitehead's only experts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Nelson Wieman"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73524 | 56d3827a59d6e414001465c3 | American_Idol | The fourteenth season premiered on January 7, 2015. Ryan Seacrest returned to host, while Jennifer Lopez, Keith Urban and Harry Connick, Jr. returned for their respective fourth, third and second seasons as judges. Eighth season runner-up Adam Lambert filled in for Urban during the New York City auditions. Randy Jackso... | Who did not come back as a mentor in season 14? | Who did not come back as a mentor in season 14? | [
"Who did not come back as a mentor in season 14?"
] | {
"text": [
"Randy Jackson"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16311 | 57317925497a881900248f4c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi financially supported other militant groups across the world, including the Black Panther Party, Nation of Islam, Tupamaros, 19th of April Movement and Sandinista National Liberation Front in the Americas, the ANC among other liberation movements in the fight against Apartheid in South Africa, the Provisional I... | During what decade did Libya finance militant groups? | During what decade did Libya finance militant groups? | [
"During what decade did Libya finance militant groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
734
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59834 | 56f9839d9e9bad19000a09f8 | Zhejiang | The Song dynasty reëstablished unity around 960. Under the Song, the prosperity of South China began to overtake that of North China. After the north was lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty in 1127 following the Jingkang Incident, Hangzhou became the capital of the Southern Song under the name Lin'an. Renowned for its pros... | When was the North lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty? | When was the North lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty? | [
"When was the North lost to the Jurchen Jin dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"1127"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82768 | 56e067a27aa994140058e453 | Saint_Helena | There are several rocks and islets off the coast, including: Castle Rock, Speery Island, the Needle, Lower Black Rock, Upper Black Rock (South), Bird Island (Southwest), Black Rock, Thompson's Valley Island, Peaked Island, Egg Island, Lady's Chair, Lighter Rock (West), Long Ledge (Northwest), Shore Island, George Islan... | How close are the rockets and islets off the coast? | How close are the rockets and islets off the coast? | [
"How close are the rockets and islets off the coast?"
] | {
"text": [
"one kilometre"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20254 | 5a66f576f038b7001ab0c12a | Glass | Fused quartz is a glass made from chemically-pure SiO2 (silica). It has excellent thermal shock characteristics, being able to survive immersion in water while red hot. However, its high melting-temperature (1723 °C) and viscosity make it difficult to work with. Normally, other substances are added to simplify processi... | What besides viscosity is a drawback of soda-lime glasses? | What besides viscosity is a drawback of soda-lime glasses? | [
"What besides viscosity is a drawback of soda-lime glasses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99390 | 573075b12461fd1900a9ce26 | 51st_state | Several websites assert that Israel is the 51st state due to the annual funding and defense support it receives from the United States. An example of this concept can be found in 2003 when Martine Rothblatt published a book called Two Stars for Peace that argued for the addition of Israel and the Palestinian territorie... | What book did Martine Rothblatt publish? | What book did Martine Rothblatt publish? | [
"What book did Martine Rothblatt publish?"
] | {
"text": [
"Two Stars for Peace"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9657 | 5725db2289a1e219009abfd3 | Montevideo | The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala, in the heart of Ciudad Vieja. It was erected in the early 20th century as the residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers on the ruins of Montevideo's first theatre (of 1793), during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture.... | When was the Palacio Taranco erected? | When was the Palacio Taranco erected? | [
"When was the Palacio Taranco erected?"
] | {
"text": [
"early 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52965 | 5705f53452bb891400689739 | Bird_migration | Migration is the regular seasonal movement, often north and south, undertaken by many species of birds. Bird movements include those made in response to changes in food availability, habitat, or weather. Sometimes, journeys are not termed "true migration" because they are irregular (nomadism, invasions, irruptions) or ... | How many bird species are long distance migrants? | How many bird species are long distance migrants? | [
"How many bird species are long distance migrants?"
] | {
"text": [
"1800"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37616 | 572834d3ff5b5019007d9f16 | London | Across London, Black and Asian children outnumber White British children by about six to four in state schools. Altogether at the 2011 census, of London's 1,624,768 population aged 0 to 15, 46.4 per cent were White, 19.8 per cent were Asian, 19 per cent were Black, 10.8 per cent were Mixed and 4 per cent represented an... | A 2005 survey indicated that how many communities comprised of non-indigenous people existed in London? | A 2005 survey indicated that how many communities comprised of non-indigenous people existed in London? | [
"A 2005 survey indicated that how many communities comprised of non-indigenous people existed in London?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 50"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15407 | 5706ab5375f01819005e7cf8 | Black_people | Other than by appearance, "Coloureds" can usually be distinguished from "Blacks" by language. Most speak Afrikaans or English as a first language, as opposed to Bantu languages such as Zulu or Xhosa. They also tend to have more European-sounding names than Bantu names. | What are less common languages spoken? | What are less common languages spoken? | [
"What are less common languages spoken?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zulu or Xhosa"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112732 | 5a70c0a48abb0b001a676167 | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 launched with 14 games in North America and 13 in Europe. The console's best-selling game for 2005, Call of Duty 2, sold over a million copies. Five other games sold over a million copies in the console's first year on the market: Ghost Recon Advanced Warfighter, The Elder Scrolls IV: Oblivion, Dead or Ali... | How many games sold over one million copies in 2007? | How many games sold over one million copies in 2007? | [
"How many games sold over one million copies in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87881 | 5ad3cac5604f3c001a3ff0ef | Tristan_da_Cunha | From December 1937 to March 1938 a Norwegian party made the first ever scientific expedition to Tristan da Cunha. During their stay, the expeditionary party carried out observations and made recordings of the topography of the island, its people and how they lived and worked and the flora and fauna that inhabited the i... | Where did the British expedition party make the first ever trip to? | Where did the British expedition party make the first ever trip to? | [
"Where did the British expedition party make the first ever trip to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73018 | 56d367d259d6e414001462fe | American_Idol | American Idol was based on the British show Pop Idol created by Simon Fuller, which was in turn inspired by the New Zealand television singing competition Popstars. Television producer Nigel Lythgoe saw it in Australia and helped bring it over to Britain. Fuller was inspired by the idea from Popstars of employing a pan... | Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001? | Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001? | [
"Wha was the executive producer of Pop Idol in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nigel Lythgoe"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94784 | 571078d1a58dae1900cd69c5 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The target audience of natural history was French polite society, evidenced more by the specific discourse of the genre than by the generally high prices of its works. Naturalists catered to polite society's desire for erudition – many texts had an explicit instructive purpose. However, natural history was often a poli... | Was the target audience of natural history evidenced more by the price of publications or its specific discourse of the genre? | Was the target audience of natural history evidenced more by the price of publications or its specific discourse of the genre? | [
"Was the target audience of natural history evidenced more by the price of publications or its specific discourse of the genre?"
] | {
"text": [
"specific discourse of the genre"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15394 | 57069fe575f01819005e7c6b | Black_people | During the apartheid era, those classed as "Coloured" were oppressed and discriminated against. But, they had limited rights and overall had slightly better socioeconomic conditions than those classed as "Black". The government required that Blacks and Coloureds live in areas separate from Whites, creating large townsh... | Where were the "black" areas? | Where were the "black" areas? | [
"Where were the \"black\" areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"large townships located away from the cities"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17467 | 56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dcb | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre (2015) is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions. It features Daniel Craig in his fourth performance as James Bond, and Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, with the film marking the character's re-introduction into the series. It was directed by Sam Mendes as his second James Bond fi... | How many films has Daniel Craig appeared in as James Bond? | How many films has Daniel Craig appeared in as James Bond? | [
"How many films has Daniel Craig appeared in as James Bond?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96948 | 56e1039be3433e1400422aa8 | Canon_law | The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ... | What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws? | What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws? | [
"What was still a main factor in the Eastern Church laws?"
] | {
"text": [
"custom"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84492 | 572fe7ccb2c2fd14005685a3 | San_Diego | The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi... | What was San Diego's downtown area originally called? | What was San Diego's downtown area originally called? | [
"What was San Diego's downtown area originally called?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Town"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8329 | 5a7cc7e8e8bc7e001a9e2011 | Thuringia | Migration plays an important role in Thuringia. The internal migration shows a strong tendency from rural areas towards the big cities. From 2008 to 2012, there was a net migration from Thuringia to Erfurt of +6,700 persons (33 per 1000 inhabitants), +1,800 to Gera (19 per 1000), +1,400 to Jena (14 per 1000), +1,400 to... | How many people left Thuringia between 2008 and 2012? | How many people left Thuringia between 2008 and 2012? | [
"How many people left Thuringia between 2008 and 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49530 | 570d49abfed7b91900d45e0b | Valencia | Among the parish churches are Saints John (Baptist and Evangelist), rebuilt in 1368, whose dome, decorated by Palonino, contains some of the best frescoes in Spain; El Templo (the Temple), the ancient church of the Knights Templar, which passed into the hands of the Order of Montesa and was rebuilt in the reigns of Fer... | Who destroyed the Jesuit college? | Who destroyed the Jesuit college? | [
"Who destroyed the Jesuit college?"
] | {
"text": [
"the revolutionary Committee of the Popular Front"
],
"answer_start": [
720
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82540 | 56e76f9037bdd419002c3fa9 | Daylight_saving_time | In several countries, fire safety officials encourage citizens to use the two annual clock shifts as reminders to replace batteries in smoke and carbon monoxide detectors, particularly in autumn, just before the heating and candle season causes an increase in home fires. Similar twice-yearly tasks include reviewing and... | If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder? | If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder? | [
"If your area doesn't observe DST, what can you use instead as a twice-yearly reminder?"
] | {
"text": [
"the first days of spring and autumn"
],
"answer_start": [
538
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103074 | 5acd58ac07355d001abf3e17 | Unicode | Thai alphabet support has been criticized for its ordering of Thai characters. The vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ, ไ that are written to the left of the preceding consonant are in visual order instead of phonetic order, unlike the Unicode representations of other Indic scripts. This complication is due to Unicode inheriting the Tha... | What kind of machine was the Thai Industrial Standard 620 not implemented on? | What kind of machine was the Thai Industrial Standard 620 not implemented on? | [
"What kind of machine was the Thai Industrial Standard 620 not implemented on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16562 | 572a3a29af94a219006aa8da | Friedrich_Hayek | Friedrich August von Hayek was born in Vienna to August von Hayek and Felicitas Hayek (née von Juraschek). Friedrich's father, from whom he received his middle name, was also born in Vienna in 1871. He was a medical doctor employed by the municipal ministry of health, with passion in botany, in which he wrote a number ... | What was August von Hayek's occupation? | What was August von Hayek's occupation? | [
"What was August von Hayek's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"medical doctor"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114584 | 5ad23ce5d7d075001a42887e | Emotion | Emotion, in everyday speech, is any relatively brief conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a high degree of pleasure or displeasure. Scientific discourse has drifted to other meanings and there is no consensus on a definition. Emotion is often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality,... | Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger? | Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger? | [
"Along with sweating and muscle tension, what might be a non-physiological response to danger?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12645 | 5ad2f080604f3c001a3fda11 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ... | Who does not belong to the French clergy? | Who does not belong to the French clergy? | [
"Who does not belong to the French clergy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30133 | 5726ad6add62a815002e8cb0 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | The city's location was chosen, in part, for being within 11 mi (18 km) of Isaac Hunter's Tavern, a popular tavern frequented by the state legislators. No known city or town existed previously on the chosen city site. Raleigh is one of the few cities in the United States that was planned and built specifically to serve... | How many miles is the city from Isaac's Tavern? | How many miles is the city from Isaac's Tavern? | [
"How many miles is the city from Isaac's Tavern?"
] | {
"text": [
"11"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56738 | 5727ac6aff5b5019007d9250 | Gramophone_record | Unwilling to accept and license Columbia's system, in February 1949 RCA Victor, in cooperation of its parent, the Radio Corporation of America, released the first 45 rpm single, 7 inches in diameter with a large center hole. The 45 rpm player included a changing mechanism that allowed multiple disks to be stacked, much... | What was the play time of a 45 rpm | What was the play time of a 45 rpm | [
"What was the play time of a 45 rpm"
] | {
"text": [
"eight minutes"
],
"answer_start": [
718
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95869 | 5a13199f6614be00188f2559 | Hokkien | The term Hokkien (福建; hɔk˥˥kɪɛn˨˩) is itself a term not used in Chinese to refer to the dialect, as it simply means Fujian province. In Chinese linguistics, these dialects are known by their classification under the Quanzhang Division (Chinese: 泉漳片; pinyin: Quánzhāng piàn) of Min Nan, which comes from the first charact... | What term does not mean Fujian province? | What term does not mean Fujian province? | [
"What term does not mean Fujian province?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31846 | 570dab4216d0071400510c85 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | After the Dambusters raid in 1943 an entirely new system was developed that was required to knock down any low-flying aircraft with a single hit. The first attempt to produce such a system used a 50 mm gun, but this proved inaccurate and a new 55 mm gun replaced it. The system used a centralised control system includin... | When year did the Dambusters raid happen? | When year did the Dambusters raid happen? | [
"When year did the Dambusters raid happen?"
] | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11830 | 56faeae4f34c681400b0c199 | Somalis | Somali cuisine varies from region to region and consists of a fusion of diverse culinary influences. It is the product of Somalia's rich tradition of trade and commerce. Despite the variety, there remains one thing that unites the various regional cuisines: all food is served halal. There are therefore no pork dishes, ... | What beverage is not halal? | What beverage is not halal? | [
"What beverage is not halal?"
] | {
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104762 | 573357204776f41900660851 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These ... | What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary? | What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary? | [
"What year did Timothy Geithner become U.S. Treasury Secretary?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102641 | 5a79d98717ab25001a8a00f0 | Association_football | Association football is played in accordance with a set of rules known as the Laws of the Game. The game is played using a spherical ball of 68.5–69.5 cm (27.0–27.4 in) circumference, known as the football (or soccer ball). Two teams of eleven players each compete to get the ball into the other team's goal (between the... | What is a banned name for the football? | What is a banned name for the football? | [
"What is a banned name for the football?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2722 | 5acd190e07355d001abf34a6 | British_Isles | The British Isles are a group of islands off the north-western coast of continental Europe that consist of the islands of Great Britain, Ireland and over six thousand smaller isles. Situated in the North Atlantic, the islands have a total area of approximately 315,159 km2, and a combined population of just under 70 mil... | Which Island has just under 70 million people? | Which Island has just under 70 million people? | [
"Which Island has just under 70 million people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92723 | 5727a11cff5b5019007d9155 | Alsace | Alsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the second round of the ... | Who is the president of the regional counsel? | Who is the president of the regional counsel? | [
"Who is the president of the regional counsel?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philippe Richert"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111741 | 572bb84df75d5e190021feb4 | Education | Gratitude for all these resources and the determination to develop oneself would be more productive than criticism and blame because the resources are readily available and because, if you blame others, there is no need for you to do something different tomorrow or for you to change and improve. Where there is a will, ... | What is one good trait about students from developed countries? | What is one good trait about students from developed countries? | [
"What is one good trait about students from developed countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"have the will and the way to do many things"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23156 | 5ad0d3a5645df0001a2d05b1 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian... | Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | [
"Which North American country was included among the seven promoted countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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