gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-112130 | 5728dbc5ff5b5019007da845 | Race_(human_categorization) | From the 17th through 19th centuries, the merging of folk beliefs about group differences with scientific explanations of those differences produced what one scholar has called an "ideology of race". According to this ideology, races are primordial, natural, enduring and distinct. It was further argued that some groups... | What group was identified as being inferior to Europeans? | What group was identified as being inferior to Europeans? | [
"What group was identified as being inferior to Europeans?"
] | {
"text": [
"Negros"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51297 | 5a57c040770dc0001aeefd49 | Empiricism | The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and t... | When did Galileo die? | When did Galileo die? | [
"When did Galileo die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45207 | 5a4c243e7a6c4c001a2bbba1 | Sahara | To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. Accor... | who claims the northern Sahara corresponds to the southern limit of date palm cultivation | who claims the northern Sahara corresponds to the southern limit of date palm cultivation | [
"who claims the northern Sahara corresponds to the southern limit of date palm cultivation"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99980 | 5ace44f632bba1001ae4a13c | Guam | Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungso... | In what year did Father San Vitores arrive in Guam? | In what year did Father San Vitores arrive in Guam? | [
"In what year did Father San Vitores arrive in Guam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46697 | 5ad0c6bb645df0001a2d02d0 | Department_store | The first department store in Spain was Almacenes el Siglo opened in October 1881 in Barcelona. Following the 2002 closure by the Australian group Partridges of their SEPU (Sociedad Española de Precios Unicos) department store chain, which was one of Spain's oldest, the market is now dominated by El Corte Inglés, found... | When was the first Spanish department store closed? | When was the first Spanish department store closed? | [
"When was the first Spanish department store closed? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72536 | 57268eea708984140094ca15 | Greece | The Greek men's national volleyball team has won two bronze medals, one in the European Volleyball Championship and another one in the European Volleyball League, a 5th place in the Olympic Games and a 6th place in the FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship. The Greek league, the A1 Ethniki, is considered one of the ... | What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country? | What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country? | [
"What Greek volleyball club is the most successful in the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Olympiacos"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18313 | 5ad0a757645df0001a2cffab | Eritrea | During the Middle Ages, the Eritrea region was known as Medri Bahri ("sea-land"). The name Eritrea is derived from the ancient Greek name for Red Sea (Ἐρυθρὰ Θάλασσα Erythra Thalassa, based on the adjective ἐρυθρός erythros "red"). It was first formally adopted in 1890, with the formation of Italian Eritrea (Colonia Er... | In what year was Italian Eritrea founded? | In what year was Italian Eritrea founded? | [
"In what year was Italian Eritrea founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94524 | 572689e65951b619008f7638 | Queen_(band) | During 1976, Queen played one of their most famous gigs, a free concert in Hyde Park, London. A concert organised by the entrepreneur Richard Branson, it set an attendance record with 150,000 people confirmed in the audience. On 1 December 1976, Queen were the intended guests on London's early evening Today programme, ... | Which US venue did Queen sell out in 1977? | Which US venue did Queen sell out in 1977? | [
"Which US venue did Queen sell out in 1977? "
] | {
"text": [
"Madison Square Garden"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21020 | 5a750c9097ca42001a521e14 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California. The Spanish explorers explored areas of 4... | How many US states did the Spanish explorers explore? | How many US states did the Spanish explorers explore? | [
"How many US states did the Spanish explorers explore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67264 | 57099732200fba14003681b5 | Animal | A zygote initially develops into a hollow sphere, called a blastula, which undergoes rearrangement and differentiation. In sponges, blastula larvae swim to a new location and develop into a new sponge. In most other groups, the blastula undergoes more complicated rearrangement. It first invaginates to form a gastrula w... | What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called? | What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called? | [
"What is the hollow sphere that a zygote initially develops into called?"
] | {
"text": [
"blastula"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93076 | 5aceec8532bba1001ae4b931 | Tajikistan | Sunni Islam of the Hanafi school has been officially recognized by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a Constitution providing for freedom of religion. The Government has declared two Islamic holidays, Id Al-Fitr and Idi Qurbon, as state holidays. According to a U.S. State Depar... | The population of which country is 88% Muslim? | The population of which country is 88% Muslim? | [
"The population of which country is 88% Muslim?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85231 | 5a7fb6be8f0597001ac0008b | Supreme_court | When it comes to civil and criminal cases, the Bundesgerichtshof is at the top of the hierarchy of courts. The other branches of the German judicial system each have their own appellate systems, each topped by a high court; these are the Bundessozialgericht for matters of social security, the Bundesarbeitsgericht for e... | What else does Bundesgerichtshof deal with besides taxation? | What else does Bundesgerichtshof deal with besides taxation? | [
"What else does Bundesgerichtshof deal with besides taxation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95162 | 56df85525ca0a614008f9c01 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Returning home to Brantford after six months abroad, Bell continued his experiments with his "harmonic telegraph".[N 12] The basic concept behind his device was that messages could be sent through a single wire if each message was transmitted at a different pitch, but work on both the transmitter and receiver was neede... | Where was Bell's home? | Where was Bell's home? | [
"Where was Bell's home?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brantford"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2705 | 56d2a05e59d6e41400146164 | Buddhism | Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in t... | What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory? | What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory? | [
"What Mahayana related label is considered derogatory?"
] | {
"text": [
"hinayana"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63425 | 5a7a390f17ab25001a8a03c4 | Buckingham_Palace | By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balc... | What other wing was removed during this time? | What other wing was removed during this time? | [
"What other wing was removed during this time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5714 | 5ad28874d7d075001a429953 | House_music | One of the early anthemic tunes, "Promised Land" by Joe Smooth, was covered and charted within a week by the Style Council. Europeans embraced house, and began booking legendary American house DJs to play at the big clubs, such as Ministry of Sound, whose resident, Justin Berkmann brought in Larry Levan. | Who covered and charted the single "American Land"? | Who covered and charted the single "American Land"? | [
"Who covered and charted the single \"American Land\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12019 | 56e15143cd28a01900c677b5 | Universal_Studios | Universal's 1936 Show Boat (released a little over a month later) became a critical and financial success, it was not enough to save the Laemmles' involvement with the studio. They were unceremoniously removed from the company they had founded. Because the Laemmles personally oversaw production, Show Boat was released ... | Who became president of Universal after the Standard Capital takeover? | Who became president of Universal after the Standard Capital takeover? | [
"Who became president of Universal after the Standard Capital takeover?"
] | {
"text": [
"J. Cheever Cowdin"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34083 | 5728d690ff5b5019007da7e5 | Alaska | The Tanana Valley is another notable agricultural locus, especially the Delta Junction area, about 100 miles (160 km) southeast of Fairbanks, with a sizable concentration of farms growing agronomic crops; these farms mostly lie north and east of Fort Greely. This area was largely set aside and developed under a state p... | Small farms west of Fairbanks cater to whom? | Small farms west of Fairbanks cater to whom? | [
"Small farms west of Fairbanks cater to whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"restaurants, the hotel and tourist industry, and community-supported agriculture"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34730 | 5a1dc2134ea40d0018b06f9d | Political_philosophy | Chanakya, 4th Century BC Indian political philosopher. The Arthashastra provides an account of the science of politics for a wise ruler, policies for foreign affairs and wars, the system of a spy state and surveillance and economic stability of the state. Chanakya quotes several authorities including Bruhaspati, Ushana... | "What authorities does Ambi quote? | "What authorities does Ambi quote? | [
"\"What authorities does Ambi quote?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46201 | 5ad3dacc604f3c001a3ff3c5 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements se... | What Protestant religion is open to talking with outsiders? | What Protestant religion is open to talking with outsiders? | [
"What Protestant religion is open to talking with outsiders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50134 | 5a8210ef31013a001a335193 | Phonology | The findings and insights of speech perception and articulation research complicate the traditional and somewhat intuitive idea of interchangeable allophones being perceived as the same phoneme. First, interchanged allophones of the same phoneme can result in unrecognizable words. Second, actual speech, even at a word ... | What does splicing phenomes affect? | What does splicing phenomes affect? | [
"What does splicing phenomes affect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45744 | 57319e69e17f3d140042227c | YouTube | In a video posted on July 21, 2009, YouTube software engineer Peter Bradshaw announced that YouTube users can now upload 3D videos. The videos can be viewed in several different ways, including the common anaglyph (cyan/red lens) method which utilizes glasses worn by the viewer to achieve the 3D effect. The YouTube Fla... | When did HTML5 officially support side-by-side 3D footage? | When did HTML5 officially support side-by-side 3D footage? | [
"When did HTML5 officially support side-by-side 3D footage?"
] | {
"text": [
"In May 2011"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37009 | 5725c71189a1e219009abe89 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The Reinvent the Toilet Challenge is a long-term research and development effort to develop a hygienic, stand-alone toilet. This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying (called by the foundation the "Omni-Ingestor") and fecal sludge pro... | What compliments the challenge | What compliments the challenge | [
"What compliments the challenge "
] | {
"text": [
"This challenge is being complemented by another investment program to develop new technologies for improved pit latrine emptying"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94017 | 572eaab3c246551400ce4496 | Cyprus | The traditional folk music of Cyprus has several common elements with Greek, Turkish, and Arabic music including Greco-Turkish dances such as the sousta, syrtos, zeibekikos, tatsia, and karsilamas as well as the Middle Eastern-inspired tsifteteli and arapies. There is also a form of musical poetry known as chattista wh... | Where is chattista performed? | Where is chattista performed? | [
"Where is chattista performed?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditional feasts and celebrations"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39465 | 5a8c8cd0fd22b3001a8d8a9d | FA_Cup | It is very rare for top clubs to miss the competition, although it can happen in exceptional circumstances. Defending holders Manchester United did not enter the 1999–2000 FA Cup, as they were already in the inaugural Club World Championship, with the club stating that entering both tournaments would overload their fix... | What titles did Machester United not want to defend by pulling out of the FA Cup? | What titles did Machester United not want to defend by pulling out of the FA Cup? | [
"What titles did Machester United not want to defend by pulling out of the FA Cup?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33504 | 56f956209b226e1400dd1350 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | E 122nd Street runs four blocks (2,250 feet (690 m)) west from the intersection of Second Avenue and terminates at the intersection of Madison Avenue at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park (Fourth Avenue). | A segment of what road crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park and runs in East Harlem? | A segment of what road crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park and runs in East Harlem? | [
"A segment of what road crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park and runs in East Harlem?"
] | {
"text": [
"E 122nd Street"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91194 | 5ace3c2732bba1001ae49fba | Avicenna | A number of theories have been proposed regarding Avicenna's madhab (school of thought within Islamic jurisprudence). Medieval historian Ẓahīr al-dīn al-Bayhaqī (d. 1169) considered Avicenna to be a follower of the Brethren of Purity. On the other hand, Dimitri Gutas along with Aisha Khan and Jules J. Janssens demonstr... | What group did Avicenna found? | What group did Avicenna found? | [
"What group did Avicenna found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110209 | 5727c8104b864d1900163cfc | Culture | The modern term "culture" is based on a term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero in his Tusculanae Disputationes, where he wrote of a cultivation of the soul or "cultura animi", using an agricultural metaphor for the development of a philosophical soul, understood teleologically as the highest possible ideal for hu... | What is the modern term "culture" based on? | What is the modern term "culture" based on? | [
"What is the modern term \"culture\" based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"term used by the Ancient Roman orator Cicero"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53703 | 5ad2745dd7d075001a4294e0 | Dialect | Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors s... | Since when has Dadnte Alighieri been used in poetry and literature? | Since when has Dadnte Alighieri been used in poetry and literature? | [
"Since when has Dadnte Alighieri been used in poetry and literature? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47392 | 572700addd62a815002e9762 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna has sold more than 300 million records worldwide. The Guinness World Records acknowledged her as the best-selling female recording artist and the fourth best-selling act of all time, behind The Beatles, Elvis Presley, and Michael Jackson. According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), she is... | Who named Madonna as the top female touring artist of all time? | Who named Madonna as the top female touring artist of all time? | [
"Who named Madonna as the top female touring artist of all time?"
] | {
"text": [
"Billboard"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31379 | 5726ac89708984140094cd8a | Germans | The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature. Early German national culture was developed through literary and religious figures including Martin Luther, Johann Wolfga... | When did the popularity of the German nation increase? | When did the popularity of the German nation increase? | [
"When did the popularity of the German nation increase?"
] | {
"text": [
"aftermath of the French Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49398 | 5727e9e0ff5b5019007d984e | Tuberculosis | One way to decrease stigma may be through the promotion of "TB clubs", where those infected may share experiences and offer support, or through counseling. Some studies have shown TB education programs to be effective in decreasing stigma, and may thus be effective in increasing treatment adherence. Despite this, studi... | What groups might help tuberculosis patients share with and support each other? | What groups might help tuberculosis patients share with and support each other? | [
"What groups might help tuberculosis patients share with and support each other?"
] | {
"text": [
"TB clubs"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57261 | 572ff1df947a6a140053ce49 | Muslim_world | A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, re... | Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin? | Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin? | [
"Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Edward Pococke the Younger"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60606 | 5ace3ff232bba1001ae4a07c | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor has a long history of openness to marijuana, given Ann Arbor's decriminalization of cannabis, the large number of medical marijuana dispensaries in the city (one dispensary, called People's Co-op, was directly across the street from Michigan Stadium until zoning forced it to move one mile to the west), the la... | What drug are a large number of residents against? | What drug are a large number of residents against? | [
"What drug are a large number of residents against?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29208 | 571af72f9499d21900609bc0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Often, large multinational corporations exhibit vertical integration, participating in a broad range of drug discovery and development, manufacturing and quality control, marketing, sales, and distribution. Smaller organizations, on the other hand, often focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or... | What are smaller organizations responsible for? | What are smaller organizations responsible for? | [
"What are smaller organizations responsible for?"
] | {
"text": [
"focus on a specific aspect such as discovering drug candidates or developing formulations"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-423 | 56f95f3a9e9bad19000a08af | Marshall_Islands | In 2013, the northern atolls of the Marshall Islands experienced drought. The drought left 6,000 people surviving on less than 1 litre (0.22 imp gal; 0.26 US gal) of water per day. This resulted in the failure of food crops and the spread of diseases such as diarrhea, pink eye, and influenza. These emergencies resulted... | In the drought stricken areas, how many litres of water did residents consume each day? | In the drought stricken areas, how many litres of water did residents consume each day? | [
"In the drought stricken areas, how many litres of water did residents consume each day?"
] | {
"text": [
"1"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30183 | 5726b01df1498d1400e8e763 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is located in the northeast central region of North Carolina, where the Piedmont and Atlantic Coastal Plain regions meet. This area is known as the "fall line" because it marks the elevation inland at which waterfalls begin to appear in creeks and rivers. As a result, most of Raleigh features gently rolling hil... | What is the area known as? | What is the area known as? | [
"What is the area known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"fall line\""
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111096 | 5728396e2ca10214002da111 | Group_(mathematics) | A group is called finite if it has a finite number of elements. The number of elements is called the order of the group. An important class is the symmetric groups SN, the groups of permutations of N letters. For example, the symmetric group on 3 letters S3 is the group consisting of all possible orderings of the three... | What is the number of elements in a group named? | What is the number of elements in a group named? | [
"What is the number of elements in a group named?"
] | {
"text": [
"the order of the group"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84067 | 57307593396df91900096123 | Translation | Relying exclusively on unedited machine translation, however, ignores the fact that communication in human language is context-embedded and that it takes a person to comprehend the context of the original text with a reasonable degree of probability. It is certainly true that even purely human-generated translations ar... | What does it take a person to be able to do? | What does it take a person to be able to do? | [
"What does it take a person to be able to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"comprehend the context of the original text"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37677 | 57288a124b864d1900164a82 | London | London's first and only cable car, known as the Emirates Air Line, opened in June 2012. Crossing the River Thames, linking Greenwich Peninsula and the Royal Docks in the east of the city, the cable car is integrated with London's Oyster Card ticketing system, although special fares are charged. Costing £60 million to b... | What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation? | What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation? | [
"What is the name of London' bike-for-hire operation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santander Cycles"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52954 | 5705f31c52bb89140068970f | Bird_migration | It was not until the end of the eighteenth century that migration as an explanation for the winter disappearance of birds from northern climes was accepted. Thomas Bewick's A History of British Birds (Volume 1, 1797) mentions a report from "a very intelligent master of a vessel" who, "between the islands of Minorca and... | Who wrote A History of British Birds? | Who wrote A History of British Birds? | [
"Who wrote A History of British Birds?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Bewick"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47024 | 5a8c8fa5fd22b3001a8d8b07 | Textual_criticism | In 1988, with that preliminary phase of the project completed, Professor Skousen took over as editor and head of the FARMS Critical Text of the Book of Mormon Project and proceeded to gather still scattered fragments of the Original Manuscript of the Book of Mormon and to have advanced photographic techniques applied t... | What did Skousen delete ink and pencil remnants from? | What did Skousen delete ink and pencil remnants from? | [
" What did Skousen delete ink and pencil remnants from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2735 | 5acd1a1a07355d001abf34fc | British_Isles | The oldest rocks in the group are in the north west of Scotland, Ireland and North Wales and are 2,700 million years old. During the Silurian period the north-western regions collided with the south-east, which had been part of a separate continental landmass. The topography of the islands is modest in scale by global ... | what is the age of the oldest rocks in Europe? | what is the age of the oldest rocks in Europe? | [
"what is the age of the oldest rocks in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102602 | 5a79d04b17ab25001a8a00bf | Association_football | The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to... | How many clubs were in the last football league? | How many clubs were in the last football league? | [
"How many clubs were in the last football league?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28016 | 572e847d03f9891900756713 | Steven_Spielberg | As a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. "It isn't something I enjoy admitting," he once said, "but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by ... | When did Steven Spielberg have trouble dealing with being an Orthodox Jew? | When did Steven Spielberg have trouble dealing with being an Orthodox Jew? | [
"When did Steven Spielberg have trouble dealing with being an Orthodox Jew?"
] | {
"text": [
"As a child"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86022 | 573422784776f41900661913 | Tucson,_Arizona | At the end of the first decade of the 21st century, downtown Tucson underwent a revitalization effort by city planners and the business community. The primary project was Rio Nuevo, a large retail and community center that has been stalled in planning for more than ten years. Downtown is generally regarded as the area ... | When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin? | When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin? | [
"When did a revitalization of downtown Tucson begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"At the end of the first decade of the 21st century"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18223 | 5ad0cc1d645df0001a2d03a4 | Eritrea | In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or comm... | In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin? | In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin? | [
"In what year did attempts at reform in Eritrea begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33299 | 5ad1a7d3645df0001a2d2187 | Incandescent_light_bulb | The actual resistance of the filament is temperature dependent. The cold resistance of tungsten-filament lamps is about 1/15 the hot-filament resistance when the lamp is operating. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp has a resistance of 144 ohms when lit, but the cold resistance is much lower (about 9.5 ohms). Since... | What does a "T' rating symbol on an electrical contact not mean? | What does a "T' rating symbol on an electrical contact not mean? | [
"What does a \"T' rating symbol on an electrical contact not mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12665 | 5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2f | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | What are most cardinals not known as in modern times? | What are most cardinals not known as in modern times? | [
"What are most cardinals not known as in modern times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32931 | 572820623acd2414000df50e | Central_African_Republic | The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medi... | How is the per capita income compared to the world? | How is the per capita income compared to the world? | [
"How is the per capita income compared to the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"one of the lowest"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28024 | 5ad4a9ee5b96ef001a109d47 | Steven_Spielberg | As a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. "It isn't something I enjoy admitting," he once said, "but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me, I was embarrassed because we were Orthodox Jews. I was embarrassed by ... | How many Orthodox Jew friends did Spielberg have while in high school? | How many Orthodox Jew friends did Spielberg have while in high school? | [
"How many Orthodox Jew friends did Spielberg have while in high school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99258 | 5a8a28a93b2508001a72a6e2 | 51st_state | In November 2012, a referendum resulted in 54 percent of respondents voting to reject the current status under the territorial clause of the U.S. Constitution, while a second question resulted in 61 percent of voters identifying statehood as the preferred alternative to the current territorial status. The 2012 referend... | What was the most inclusive referendum? | What was the most inclusive referendum? | [
"What was the most inclusive referendum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105429 | 572832faff5b5019007d9ee9 | History_of_science | Ibn Khaldun can be regarded as the earliest scientific systematic sociologist. The modern sociology, emerged in the early 19th century as the academic response to the modernization of the world. Among many early sociologists (e.g., Émile Durkheim), the aim of sociology was in structuralism, understanding the cohesion o... | How did Max Weber view rationalization? | How did Max Weber view rationalization? | [
"How did Max Weber view rationalization?"
] | {
"text": [
"he believed would trap individuals in an \"iron cage\""
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37665 | 57287f88ff5b5019007da27d | London | There are 366 railway stations in the London Travelcard Zones on an extensive above-ground suburban railway network. South London, particularly, has a high concentration of railways as it has fewer Underground lines. Most rail lines terminate around the centre of London, running into eighteen terminal stations, with th... | What is Britain's busiest railway station in terms of passengers? | What is Britain's busiest railway station in terms of passengers? | [
"What is Britain's busiest railway station in terms of passengers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Waterloo"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55279 | 5727db044b864d1900163ea7 | Baptists | Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion. According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent ar... | What was Tom Nettles a professor of? | What was Tom Nettles a professor of? | [
"What was Tom Nettles a professor of?"
] | {
"text": [
"historical theology"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44022 | 56cf81bf234ae51400d9bdca | Kanye_West | On August 30, 2015, West was presented with the Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the MTV Video Music Awards. In his acceptance speech, he stated, "Y'all might be thinking right now, 'I wonder did he smoke something before he came out here?' And the answer is: 'Yes, I rolled up a little something. I knocked the e... | When does Kanye intend to run for president? | When does Kanye intend to run for president? | [
"When does Kanye intend to run for president?"
] | {
"text": [
"2020"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71600 | 56f8e48f9e9bad19000a06b0 | Near_East | By the time of John Seller's Atlas Maritima of 1670, "India Beyond the Ganges" had become "the East Indies" including China, Korea, southeast Asia and the islands of the Pacific in a map that was every bit as distorted as Ptolemy's, despite the lapse of approximately 1500 years. That "east" in turn was only an English ... | What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? | What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? | [
"What year did Jodocus Hondius make his world map? "
] | {
"text": [
"1590"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62793 | 572f7a2704bcaa1900d769d3 | Pain | In 1644, René Descartes theorized that pain was a disturbance that passed down along nerve fibers until the disturbance reached the brain, a development that transformed the perception of pain from a spiritual, mystical experience to a physical, mechanical sensation[citation needed]. Descartes's work, along with Avicen... | What theory perceives pain as being a specific sensation? | What theory perceives pain as being a specific sensation? | [
"What theory perceives pain as being a specific sensation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Specificity"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48117 | 56f9f187f34c681400b0bf03 | Wood | During the development of a tree, the lower limbs often die, but may remain attached for a time, sometimes years. Subsequent layers of growth of the attaching stem are no longer intimately joined with the dead limb, but are grown around it. Hence, dead branches produce knots which are not attached, and likely to drop o... | Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow? | Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow? | [
"Rather than being joined to the limb that died, where do subsequent layers grow?"
] | {
"text": [
"around it"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111125 | 5a81fdc831013a001a33505f | Group_(mathematics) | for any constant c. Matrix groups over these fields fall under this regime, as do adele rings and adelic algebraic groups, which are basic to number theory. Galois groups of infinite field extensions such as the absolute Galois group can also be equipped with a topology, the so-called Krull topology, which in turn is c... | What is basic to adele rings? | What is basic to adele rings? | [
"What is basic to adele rings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35292 | 57269de45951b619008f77e2 | Gothic_architecture | From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of th... | What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture? | What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture? | [
"What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Croatia"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86728 | 56e767c200c9c71400d770c4 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a d... | What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions? | What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions? | [
"What kind of artistic production can be supported by design competitions?"
] | {
"text": [
"public realm artworks"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88515 | 56db3449e7c41114004b4f3b | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay |
Thailand: The April 18 relay through Bangkok was the Olympic flame's first visit to Thailand. The relay covered just over 10 km, and included Bangkok's Chinatown. The torch was carried past Democracy Monument, Chitralada Palace and a number of other city landmarks. M.R. Narisa Chakrabongse, Green World Foundation (GW... | When did the torch go through Bankok? | When did the torch go through Bankok? | [
"When did the torch go through Bankok?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 18"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42100 | 57288fbf3acd2414000dfb20 | Karl_Popper | He worked in street construction for a short amount of time, but was unable to cope with the heavy labour. Continuing to attend university as a guest student, he started an apprenticeship as cabinetmaker, which he completed as a journeyman. He was dreaming at that time of starting a daycare facility for children, for w... | What type of facility did Popper plan to open that would benefit from his furniture-making skills? | What type of facility did Popper plan to open that would benefit from his furniture-making skills? | [
"What type of facility did Popper plan to open that would benefit from his furniture-making skills?"
] | {
"text": [
"daycare"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54283 | 5ad2ccebd7d075001a42a2ae | Christian | There are diverse interpretations of Christianity which sometimes conflict. However, "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." The term "Christian" is also used adjectivally to describe anything associated with Christianity, or in a prov... | Which group of people believe Jesus does not hold a unique significance? | Which group of people believe Jesus does not hold a unique significance? | [
"Which group of people believe Jesus does not hold a unique significance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32663 | 570e152a0b85d914000d7caf | Antarctica | Africa separated from Antarctica in the Jurassic, around 160 Ma, followed by the Indian subcontinent in the early Cretaceous (about 125 Ma). By the end of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma, Antarctica (then connected to Australia) still had a subtropical climate and flora, complete with a marsupial fauna. In the Eocene epoch... | In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica? | In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica? | [
"In what period did Africa beak off from Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jurassic"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65609 | 5727d96a4b864d1900163e7f | Detroit | Detroit has a Mexican-American population. In the early 20th century thousands of Mexicans came to Detroit to work in agricultural, automotive, and steel jobs. During the Mexican Repatriation of the 1930s many Mexicans in Detroit were willingly repatriated or forced to repatriate. By the 1940s the Mexican community beg... | What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population? | What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population? | [
"What was Detroit's 2010 Hispanic population?"
] | {
"text": [
"48,679"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52929 | 5705e90375f01819005e7749 | Bird_migration | Historically, migration has been recorded as much as 3,000 years ago by Ancient Greek authors including Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job, for species such as storks, turtle doves, and swallows. More recently, Johannes Leche began recording dates of arrivals of spring migrants in Finland in 1749, and scientif... | Who recorded the earliest records of migration? | Who recorded the earliest records of migration? | [
"Who recorded the earliest records of migration?"
] | {
"text": [
"Homer and Aristotle, and in the Book of Job"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3459 | 5a51c016b308da001a5a236b | Southeast_Asia | The overseas Chinese community has played a large role in the development of the economies in the region. These business communities are connected through the bamboo network, a network of overseas Chinese businesses operating in the markets of Southeast Asia that share common family and cultural ties. The origins of Ch... | What has the Japanese community helped develope? | What has the Japanese community helped develope? | [
"What has the Japanese community helped develope?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101327 | 5726db50708984140094d3bd | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | When anti-German demonstrations erupted in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the Comintern ordered the Czech Communist Party to employ all of its strength to paralyze "chauvinist elements." Moscow soon forced the Communist Parties of France and Great Britain to adopt an anti-war position. On 7 September, Stalin called Georgi Dim... | The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was? | The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was? | [
"The western communists new rhetoric was that the war was? "
] | {
"text": [
"the war was unjust and imperialist"
],
"answer_start": [
437
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74049 | 5acfa1f777cf76001a685620 | Architecture | In many ancient civilizations, such as those of Egypt and Mesopotamia, architecture and urbanism reflected the constant engagement with the divine and the supernatural, and many ancient cultures resorted to monumentality in architecture to represent symbolically the political power of the ruler, the ruling elite, or th... | To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture? | To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture? | [
"To what did these civilizations have ties that to weren't shown off by their architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10134 | 572839254b864d1900164795 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | While Nasser was increasingly criticized by Egyptian intellectuals following the Six-Day War and his death in 1970, the general public was persistently sympathetic both during and after Nasser's life. According to political scientist Mahmoud Hamad, writing in 2008, "nostalgia for Nasser is easily sensed in Egypt and al... | What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident? | What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident? | [
"What ideals are associated with Nasser's time as prsident?"
] | {
"text": [
"national purpose, hope, social cohesion, and vibrant culture"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18005 | 56dfbf91231d4119001abd86 | Internet_service_provider | Many mailbox providers are also access providers, while others are not (e.g., Yahoo! Mail, Outlook.com, Gmail, AOL Mail, Po box). The definition given in RFC 6650 covers email hosting services, as well as the relevant department of companies, universities, organizations, groups, and individuals that manage their mail s... | what are most mailbox providers as well? | what are most mailbox providers as well? | [
"what are most mailbox providers as well? "
] | {
"text": [
"access providers"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71759 | 56f902439e9bad19000a07c0 | Near_East | Under these complex circumstances regional names are less useful. They are more historical than an accurate gauge of operations. The Directorate of Intelligence, one of four directorates into which the CIA is divided, includes the Office of Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis (NESA). Its duties are defined as "suppor... | What does NESA stand for? | What does NESA stand for? | [
"What does NESA stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Near Eastern and South Asian Analysis"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91780 | 5727881cdd62a815002e9fa0 | Botany | The root system and the shoot system are interdependent – the usually nonphotosynthetic root system depends on the shoot system for food, and the usually photosynthetic shoot system depends on water and minerals from the root system. Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventit... | Do the roots and shoots need each other? | Do the roots and shoots need each other? | [
"Do the roots and shoots need each other?"
] | {
"text": [
"interdependent"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50995 | 572f85f6b2c2fd14005681b3 | Seven_Years%27_War | In 1762, towards the end of the war, French forces attacked St. John's, Newfoundland. If successful, the expedition would have strengthened France's hand at the negotiating table. Although they took St. John's and raided nearby settlements, the French forces were eventually defeated by British troops at the Battle of S... | Where did the French attack in 1762? | Where did the French attack in 1762? | [
"Where did the French attack in 1762?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. John's, Newfoundland"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43066 | 5a85c17db4e223001a8e71f8 | Poultry | The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago. This may have originally been as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in captivity. Domesticated chickens may have been used for cockfighting at first an... | How popular is pottery consumption among humans? | How popular is pottery consumption among humans? | [
"How popular is pottery consumption among humans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3412 | 57265794708984140094c309 | Southeast_Asia | The climate in Southeast Asia is mainly tropical–hot and humid all year round with plentiful rainfall. Northern Vietnam and the Myanmar Himalayas are the only regions in Southeast Asia that feature a subtropical climate, which has a cold winter with snow. The majority of Southeast Asia has a wet and dry season caused b... | What is the climate like in Southeast Asia? | What is the climate like in Southeast Asia? | [
"What is the climate like in Southeast Asia?"
] | {
"text": [
"tropical–hot and humid"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41772 | 56cee003aab44d1400b88bb5 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Ye Zhiping, the principal of Sangzao Middle School in Sangzao, one of the largest in An County, has been credited with proactive action that spared the lives of all 2,323 pupils in attendance when the earthquake happened. During a three-year period that ended in 2007, he oversaw a major overhaul of his school. During t... | How much money was used to strengthen the construction of the school? | How much money was used to strengthen the construction of the school? | [
"How much money was used to strengthen the construction of the school?"
] | {
"text": [
"400,000 yuan"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16596 | 572a43b63f37b31900478845 | Friedrich_Hayek | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading... | What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute? | What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute? | [
"What position did Hayek gain at the Austrian Institute?"
] | {
"text": [
"director"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97905 | 5732856957eb1f1400fd2d6b | Humanism | Raymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the Humani... | How many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented> | How many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented> | [
"How many cornerstones of this new way of thinking or religion were presented>"
] | {
"text": [
"15"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28674 | 572e8ce903f9891900756775 | Canadian_football | Penalties never result in a score for the offence. For example, a point-of-foul infraction committed by the defence in their end zone is not ruled a touchdown, but instead advances the ball to the one-yard line with an automatic first down. For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the... | Where is the ball placed when a defensive penalty is committed in their own end zone? | Where is the ball placed when a defensive penalty is committed in their own end zone? | [
"Where is the ball placed when a defensive penalty is committed in their own end zone?"
] | {
"text": [
"one-yard line"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73426 | 56d37d7f59d6e41400146519 | American_Idol | One of the more prominent contestants this year was Chris Medina, whose story of caring for his brain-damaged fiancée received widespread coverage. Medina was cut in the Top 40 round. Casey Abrams, who suffers from ulcerative colitis, was hospitalized twice and missed the Top 13 result show. The judges used their one s... | Which contestant had a fiancé that had suffered brain damage? | Which contestant had a fiancé that had suffered brain damage? | [
"Which contestant had a fiancé that had suffered brain damage?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chris Medina"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13100 | 56dd10cc66d3e219004dabba | Republic_of_the_Congo | In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, ... | What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s? | What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s? | [
"What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?"
] | {
"text": [
"5%"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103733 | 572a4b8b1d046914007798db | East_Prussia | Representatives of the Polish government officially took over the civilian administration of the southern part of East Prussia on 23 May 1945. Subsequently Polish expatriates from Polish lands annexed by the Soviet Union as well as Ukrainians and Lemkos from southern Poland, expelled in Operation Vistula in 1947, were ... | In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia? | In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia? | [
"In what year did the Polish government officially take over the administration in East Prussia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1945"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53834 | 5ad27b63d7d075001a429655 | Dialect | Unlike most languages that use alphabets to indicate the pronunciation, Chinese characters have developed from logograms that do not always give hints to its pronunciation. Although the written characters remained relatively consistent for the last two thousand years, the pronunciation and grammar in different regions ... | Which language is the most commonly used in Cantonese? | Which language is the most commonly used in Cantonese? | [
"Which language is the most commonly used in Cantonese?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27057 | 57098329200fba14003680e9 | Orthodox_Judaism | In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb... | Where was Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer from? | Where was Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer from? | [
"Where was Rabbi Azriel Hildesheimer from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Berlin"
],
"answer_start": [
833
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2874 | 5730246604bcaa1900d77216 | British_Isles | Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wil... | What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland? | What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland? | [
"What is the name of the slug that is native to both Britain and Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kerry slug"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102773 | 57305970069b5314008320a2 | Association_football | After the World Cup, the most important international football competitions are the continental championships, which are organised by each continental confederation and contested between national teams. These are the European Championship (UEFA), the Copa América (CONMEBOL), African Cup of Nations (CAF), the Asian Cup ... | What does CAF stand for? | What does CAF stand for? | [
"What does CAF stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"African Cup of Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54265 | 5ad3ee4a604f3c001a3ff7e7 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Although the Canadian Armed Forces are a single service, there are three similar but distinctive environmental uniforms (DEUs): navy blue (which is actually black) for the navy, rifle green for the army, and light blue for the air force. CAF members in operational occupations generally wear the DEU to which their occup... | What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green? | What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green? | [
"What color is the DEU uniform if it isn't green?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36994 | 5725c59138643c19005acc90 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation. This program has generated significant interest of the mainstream media. I... | What was excluded by the funding schemes | What was excluded by the funding schemes | [
"What was excluded by the funding schemes "
] | {
"text": [
"Both funding schemes explicitly excluded project ideas that relied on centralized sewerage systems or are not compatible with development country contexts"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31044 | 5709547eefce8f15003a7e08 | Identity_(social_science) | A psychological identity relates to self-image (one's mental model of oneself), self-esteem, and individuality. Consequently, Weinreich gives the definition "A person's identity is defined as the totality of one's self-construal, in which how one construes oneself in the present expresses the continuity between how one... | Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what? | Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what? | [
"Self-image, self-esteem, and individuality relate to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"A psychological identity"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69155 | 57094c819928a81400471500 | Houston | In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-fl... | Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's? | Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's? | [
"Downtown Houston consisted of what type of building in the 1960's?"
] | {
"text": [
"mid-rise office structures"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101105 | 5a5e651e5bc9f4001a75afd0 | Hindu_philosophy | Even though, both Kashmir Shaivism and Advaita Vedanta are non-dual philosophies which give primacy to Universal Consciousness (Chit or Brahman), in Kashmir Shavisim, as opposed to Advaita, all things are a manifestation of this Consciousness. This implies that from the point of view of Kashmir Shavisim, the phenomenal... | What is the opposite of Shiva? | What is the opposite of Shiva? | [
"What is the opposite of Shiva?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107792 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859d9 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? | What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? | [
"What did governors do with the extra tax revenue in the early years of the dynasty? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19116 | 5733f4e2d058e614000b6679 | Premier_League | The Premier League is broadcast in the United States through NBC Sports. Premier League viewership has increased rapidly, with NBC and NBCSN averaging a record 479,000 viewers in the 2014–15 season, up 118% from 2012–13 when coverage still aired on Fox Soccer and ESPN/ESPN2 (220,000 viewers), and NBC Sports has been wi... | How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015? | How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015? | [
"How much was the NBC broadcasting deal with the Premier League worth in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"$1 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30935 | 5726ba7c5951b619008f7c0d | Mexico_City | Mexico City has numerous museums dedicated to art, including Mexican colonial, modern and contemporary art, and international art. The Museo Tamayo was opened in the mid-1980s to house the collection of international contemporary art donated by famed Mexican (born in the state of Oaxaca) painter Rufino Tamayo. The coll... | When was the Museo Tamayo opened? | When was the Museo Tamayo opened? | [
"When was the Museo Tamayo opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"mid-1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96300 | 5728f05e3acd2414000e0237 | Paris | There were 72.1 million visitors to the city's museums and monuments in 2013. The city's top tourist attraction was the Notre Dame Cathedral, which welcomed 14 million visitors in 2013. The Louvre museum had more than 9.2 million visitors in 2013, making it the most visited museum in the world. The other top cultural a... | How many people visited the Louvre in 2013? | How many people visited the Louvre in 2013? | [
"How many people visited the Louvre in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"9.2 million"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110443 | 57265ff85951b619008f70fb | Professional_wrestling | A wrestler may voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible). Also, since Ken Shamrock (a legitimate UFC competitor in its early days) popularized it in 1997, a wrestler can indicate a volunta... | What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission? | What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission? | [
"What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission?"
] | {
"text": [
"tapping out"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91213 | 5ace99ba32bba1001ae4ac3b | Avicenna | According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh (Islamic jurispru... | What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 12? | What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 12? | [
"What had Avicenna memorized by the age of 12?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.