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gem-squad_v2-train-6321
5ad2a2f4d7d075001a429d2b
PlayStation_3
The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced f...
The initial prototype shown in March 2005 had how many USB ports?
The initial prototype shown in March 2005 had how many USB ports?
[ "The initial prototype shown in March 2005 had how many USB ports?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-21527
5a65142ac2b11c001a425bed
Sumer
By the time of the Uruk period (c. 4100–2900 BC calibrated), the volume of trade goods transported along the canals and rivers of southern Mesopotamia facilitated the rise of many large, stratified, temple-centered cities (with populations of over 10,000 people) where centralized administrations employed specialized wo...
Who employed many laborers in the cities?
Who employed many laborers in the cities?
[ "Who employed many laborers in the cities?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-39584
5a8ca3bcfd22b3001a8d8c8b
FA_Cup
The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so ...
What was the new, larger design known as?
What was the new, larger design known as?
[ "What was the new, larger design known as?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-57052
5728ba9d2ca10214002da6a5
Apollo
As a protector and founder, Apollo had the epithets Alexicacus (/əˌlɛksᵻˈkeɪkəs/ ə-LEK-si-KAY-kəs; Ἀλεξίκακος, Alexikakos, literally "warding off evil"), Apotropaeus (/əˌpɒtrəˈpiːəs/ ə-POT-rə-PEE-əs; Ἀποτρόπαιος, Apotropaios, from ἀποτρέπειν, "to avert"), and Epicurius (/ˌɛpᵻˈkjʊriəs/ EP-i-KEWR-ee-əs; Ἐπικούριος, Epiko...
What world literally means "founder?"
What world literally means "founder?"
[ "What world literally means \"founder?\"" ]
{ "text": [ "Archegetes" ], "answer_start": [ 360 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-106167
5725c25489a1e219009abe05
Hellenistic_period
The decisive engagement of the war came when Lysimachus invaded and overran much of western Anatolia, but was soon isolated by Antigonus and Demetrius near Ipsus in Phrygia. Seleucus arrived in time to save Lysimachus and utterly crushed Antigonus at the Battle of Ipsus in 301 BCE. Seleucus' war elephants proved decisi...
After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?
After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?
[ "After Antigonus was killed, what region did Seleucus take over?" ]
{ "text": [ "Cilicia" ], "answer_start": [ 523 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-101610
56d9a9e3dc89441400fdb6be
Dog
Neutering reduces problems caused by hypersexuality, especially in male dogs. Spayed female dogs are less likely to develop some forms of cancer, affecting mammary glands, ovaries, and other reproductive organs. However, neutering increases the risk of urinary incontinence in female dogs, and prostate cancer in males, ...
What is increased in male dogs with neutering?
What is increased in male dogs with neutering?
[ "What is increased in male dogs with neutering?" ]
{ "text": [ "prostate cancer" ], "answer_start": [ 294 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-39393
5732672a0fdd8d15006c6a90
Protestantism
In European countries which were most profoundly influenced by the Reformation, Protestantism still remains the most practiced religion. These include the Nordic countries and the United Kingdom. In other historical Protestant strongholds such as Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Latvia, Estonia and Hungary, it re...
The Pew Research Center estimated Protestants to be what percentage of Europe's Christian population in 2010?
The Pew Research Center estimated Protestants to be what percentage of Europe's Christian population in 2010?
[ "The Pew Research Center estimated Protestants to be what percentage of Europe's Christian population in 2010?" ]
{ "text": [ "17.8%" ], "answer_start": [ 985 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-14693
57303233a23a5019007fcf58
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Whitehead did not begin his career as a philosopher. In fact, he never had any formal training in philosophy beyond his undergraduate education. Early in his life he showed great interest in and respect for philosophy and metaphysics, but it is evident that he considered himself a rank amateur. In one letter to his fri...
What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher?
What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher?
[ "What did Whitehead consider himself as a philosopher? " ]
{ "text": [ "rank amateur" ], "answer_start": [ 282 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-33489
56f94b2d9b226e1400dd12f9
List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan
Above 114th Street between Amsterdam Avenue and Morningside Drive, there is a private indoor pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings on the campus of St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center.
Aove 114th Street is a private pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings from what organization?
Aove 114th Street is a private pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings from what organization?
[ "Aove 114th Street is a private pedestrian bridge connecting two buildings from what organization?" ]
{ "text": [ "St. Luke's–Roosevelt Hospital Center" ], "answer_start": [ 153 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-1563
57317a46497a881900248f60
Mosaic
The Crusaders in the Holy Land also adopted mosaic decoration under local Byzantine influence. During their 12th-century reconstruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem they complemented the existing Byzantine mosaics with new ones. Almost nothing of them survived except the "Ascension of Christ" in the...
Where is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre located?
Where is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre located?
[ "Where is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre located?" ]
{ "text": [ "Jerusalem" ], "answer_start": [ 175 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-13475
56e7b94300c9c71400d77562
Nanjing
The radish is also a typical food representing people of Nanjing, which has been spread through word of mouth as an interesting fact for many years in China. According to Nanjing.GOV.cn, "There is a long history of growing radish in Nanjing especially the southern suburb. In the spring, the radish tastes very juicy and...
Which area has the longest history of growing radish?
Which area has the longest history of growing radish?
[ "Which area has the longest history of growing radish?" ]
{ "text": [ "the southern suburb" ], "answer_start": [ 252 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-100515
572d0faa2babe914003c29c6
Post-punk
Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual...
How did post-punk take on rock and roll?
How did post-punk take on rock and roll?
[ "How did post-punk take on rock and roll?" ]
{ "text": [ "conceptual assault" ], "answer_start": [ 310 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-16942
5725c61489a1e219009abe74
Israel
Israel operates under a parliamentary system as a democratic republic with universal suffrage. A member of parliament supported by a parliamentary majority becomes the prime minister—usually this is the chair of the largest party. The prime minister is the head of government and head of the cabinet. Israel is governed ...
Knesset member is based on what?
Knesset member is based on what?
[ "Knesset member is based on what?" ]
{ "text": [ "proportional representation of political parties" ], "answer_start": [ 408 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-104759
5733558fd058e614000b5871
Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308
Despite the dominance of the above formula, there are documented attempts of the financial industry, occurring before the crisis, to address the formula limitations, specifically the lack of dependence dynamics and the poor representation of extreme events. The volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas", published...
What did the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" propose models to rectify?
What did the volume "Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas" propose models to rectify?
[ "What did the volume \"Credit Correlation: Life After Copulas\" propose models to rectify?" ]
{ "text": [ "some of the copula limitations" ], "answer_start": [ 478 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-107450
5a624428f8d794001af1bf06
Royal_Dutch_Shell
The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oi...
How long did the younger Samuel collect specimens from the Caspian Sea?
How long did the younger Samuel collect specimens from the Caspian Sea?
[ "How long did the younger Samuel collect specimens from the Caspian Sea?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-57427
5a5457bf134fea001a0e173a
Muslim_world
The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the last month has 29 da...
What calander ends on the vernal equinox?
What calander ends on the vernal equinox?
[ "What calander ends on the vernal equinox?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-82737
56e0628c231d4119001ac077
Saint_Helena
During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, cont...
The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?
The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?
[ "The British Post Offices decision to use what kind of fibres hurt the flax industry?" ]
{ "text": [ "synthetic fibres" ], "answer_start": [ 197 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-22546
5a363a5c788daf001a5f8799
Himachal_Pradesh
Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.Multi system operators provide a mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via cable. All India Radio is a public radio station. Private FM stations are also available in few cities like S...
What is available in a few cities like Nepal?
What is available in a few cities like Nepal?
[ "What is available in a few cities like Nepal?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-48755
57284f5f3acd2414000df8ed
War_on_Terror
Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirle...
What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?
What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?
[ "What has the 'war on terror' done to the US's international image?" ]
{ "text": [ "damaged" ], "answer_start": [ 528 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-65964
571a1d794faf5e1900b8a8a9
Seattle
The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington. The Seattle Art Museum (SAM) opened in 1933; SAM opened a museum downtown in 1991 (expanded and reopened 2007); since 1991, the 1933 building has been SAM's Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM). SAM also operates the Olympic Sculpture Park (ope...
What was the name of the first art museum in Washington?
What was the name of the first art museum in Washington?
[ "What was the name of the first art museum in Washington?" ]
{ "text": [ "Henry Art Gallery" ], "answer_start": [ 4 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-37042
5a0cdf07f5590b0018dab5fe
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation
In 1997, the charity introduced a U.S. Libraries initiative with a goal of "ensuring that if you can get to a public library, you can reach the internet". Only 35% of the world's population has access to the Internet. The foundation has given grants, installed computers and software, and provided training and technical...
What has the world's population installed?
What has the world's population installed?
[ "What has the world's population installed?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-102145
56f9d73f9e9bad19000a0b08
High-definition_television
The term high definition once described a series of television systems originating from August 1936; however, these systems were only high definition when compared to earlier systems that were based on mechanical systems with as few as 30 lines of resolution. The ongoing competition between companies and nations to cre...
In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?
In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?
[ "In what century were 4k, 5k, and 8k systems introduced?" ]
{ "text": [ "21st" ], "answer_start": [ 441 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-79972
570659e875f01819005e7b6f
MP3
In September 1998, the Fraunhofer Institute sent a letter to several developers of MP3 software stating that a license was required to "distribute and/or sell decoders and/or encoders". The letter claimed that unlicensed products "infringe the patent rights of Fraunhofer and Thomson. To make, sell and/or distribute pro...
What can products not use if they want to avoid infringing on patent rights?
What can products not use if they want to avoid infringing on patent rights?
[ "What can products not use if they want to avoid infringing on patent rights?" ]
{ "text": [ "the [MPEG Layer-3] standard" ], "answer_start": [ 332 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-16948
5725c691271a42140099d197
Israel
Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries. ...
What is Israel's Basic Law?
What is Israel's Basic Law?
[ "What is Israel's Basic Law?" ]
{ "text": [ "Human Dignity" ], "answer_start": [ 855 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-47437
572f8ee0b2c2fd14005681f5
Armenia
The Seljuk Empire soon started to collapse. In the early 12th century, Armenian princes of the Zakarid noble family drove out the Seljuk Turks and established a semi-independent Armenian principality in Northern and Eastern Armenia, known as Zakarid Armenia, which lasted under the patronage of the Georgian Kingdom. The...
What area did the Orbelians and Zakarids command together?
What area did the Orbelians and Zakarids command together?
[ "What area did the Orbelians and Zakarids command together?" ]
{ "text": [ "Syunik and Vayots Dzor" ], "answer_start": [ 427 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-15045
5ad3dc78604f3c001a3ff409
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational cu...
Who established the HEELS model in China?
Who established the HEELS model in China?
[ "Who established the HEELS model in China?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-20621
56cfb6b8234ae51400d9bec9
IPod
During installation, an iPod is associated with one host computer. Each time an iPod connects to its host computer, iTunes can synchronize entire music libraries or music playlists either automatically or manually. Song ratings can be set on an iPod and synchronized later to the iTunes library, and vice versa. A user c...
What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?
What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?
[ "What must an iPod be connected to before iTunes can synchronize?" ]
{ "text": [ "host computer" ], "answer_start": [ 52 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-89236
5acd64e607355d001abf408e
Hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherers would eventually flourish all over the Americas, primarily based in the Great Plains of the United States and Canada, with offshoots as far east as the Gaspé Peninsula on the Atlantic coast, and as far south as Chile, Monte Verde.[citation needed] American hunter-gatherers were spread over a wide geogr...
Which group was spread over small geographical area?
Which group was spread over small geographical area?
[ "Which group was spread over small geographical area?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-82973
56de677dcffd8e1900b4b880
Arnold_Schwarzenegger
Schwarzenegger was born in Thal, a village bordering the city of Graz in Styria, Austria and christened Arnold Alois. His parents were Gustav Schwarzenegger (August 17, 1907 – December 13, 1972), and Aurelia Schwarzenegger (née Jadrny; July 29, 1922 – August 2, 1998). Gustav was the local chief of police, and had serve...
What was Schwarzenegger's father's first name?
What was Schwarzenegger's father's first name?
[ "What was Schwarzenegger's father's first name?" ]
{ "text": [ "Gustav" ], "answer_start": [ 135 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-70093
59d29da22763a60018284111
Great_Plains
The 100th meridian roughly corresponds with the line that divides the Great Plains into an area that receive 20 inches (510 millimetres) or more of rainfall per year and an area that receives less than 20 in (510 mm). In this context, the High Plains, as well as Southern Alberta, south-western Saskatchewan and Eastern ...
What meridian comprises the northern edge of the Great Plains?
What meridian comprises the northern edge of the Great Plains?
[ "What meridian comprises the northern edge of the Great Plains?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-81533
5725662acc50291900b283a1
Queen_Victoria
Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was...
What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure?
What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure?
[ "What did the bill Gladstone failed to pass state, much to Queen Victoria's pleasure? " ]
{ "text": [ "granting Ireland home rule" ], "answer_start": [ 465 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-19272
5ad0eaf1645df0001a2d0853
Premier_League
Its main body is solid sterling silver and silver gilt, while its plinth is made of malachite, a semi-precious stone. The plinth has a silver band around its circumference, upon which the names of the title-winning clubs are listed. Malachite's green colour is also representative of the green field of play. The design ...
What has a golden band around its circumference?
What has a golden band around its circumference?
[ "What has a golden band around its circumference?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-114547
5ad23e93d7d075001a4288d0
Emotion
The word "emotion" dates back to 1579, when it was adapted from the French word émouvoir, which means "to stir up". The term emotion was introduced into academic discussion to replace passion. According to one dictionary, the earliest precursors of the word likely dates back to the very origins of language. The modern ...
What does émouvoir mean in Italian?
What does émouvoir mean in Italian?
[ " What does émouvoir mean in Italian?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-91809
57278fe5dd62a815002ea07c
Botany
From the 1990s onwards, the predominant approach to constructing phylogenies for living plants has been molecular phylogenetics, which uses molecular characters, particularly DNA sequences, rather than morphological characters like the presence or absence of spines and areoles. The difference is that the genetic code i...
How is DNA grouping superior?
How is DNA grouping superior?
[ "How is DNA grouping superior?" ]
{ "text": [ "genetic code itself is used" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-88835
570f44b95ab6b81900390ebe
Circadian_rhythm
In 1896, Patrick and Gilbert observed that during a prolonged period of sleep deprivation, sleepiness increases and decreases with a period of approximately 24 hours. In 1918, J.S. Szymanski showed that animals are capable of maintaining 24-hour activity patterns in the absence of external cues such as light and change...
Who showed the animals could maintain activity in the absence of light and temperature changes?
Who showed the animals could maintain activity in the absence of light and temperature changes?
[ "Who showed the animals could maintain activity in the absence of light and temperature changes?" ]
{ "text": [ "J.S. Szymanski" ], "answer_start": [ 176 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-22200
5a7b6a1321c2de001afe9ff0
National_Archives_and_Records_Administration
The National Archives Building, known informally as Archives I, located north of the National Mall on Constitution Avenue in Washington, D.C., opened as its original headquarters in 1935. It holds the original copies of the three main formative documents of the United States and its government: the Declaration of Indep...
In what year was the Emancipation Proclamation written?
In what year was the Emancipation Proclamation written?
[ "In what year was the Emancipation Proclamation written?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-93899
572e8900dfa6aa1500f8d0eb
Cyprus
International pressure led to a ceasefire, and by then 37% of the island had been taken over by the Turks and 180,000 Greek Cypriots had been evicted from their homes in the north. At the same time, around 50,000 Turkish Cypriots moved to the areas under the control of the Turkish Forces and settled in the properties o...
Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey?
Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey?
[ "Why did the US impose an arms embargo on Turkey?" ]
{ "text": [ "using American-supplied equipment during the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974" ], "answer_start": [ 463 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-14110
56f8db919b226e1400dd1106
Brain
In humans and many other mammals, new neurons are created mainly before birth, and the infant brain contains substantially more neurons than the adult brain. There are, however, a few areas where new neurons continue to be generated throughout life. The two areas for which adult neurogenesis is well established are the...
What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?
What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?
[ "What area of the hippocampus plays a role in storing new memories?" ]
{ "text": [ "dentate gyrus of the hippocampus" ], "answer_start": [ 386 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-109697
5728fb0daf94a219006a9eb4
Samurai
Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn (1556?–1623?), a Dutch colleague of Adams' on their ill-fated voyage to Japan in the ship De Liefde, was also given similar privileges by Tokugawa Ieyasu. It appears Joosten became a samurai[citation needed] and was given a residence within Ieyasu's castle at Edo. Today, this area at the eas...
Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born?
Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born?
[ "Around when was Jan Joosten van Lodensteijn born?" ]
{ "text": [ "1556" ], "answer_start": [ 29 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-5477
5ad23ff1d7d075001a428906
House_music
House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s...
What city did Boyz music originate from?
What city did Boyz music originate from?
[ "What city did Boyz music originate from?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-82762
56e066467aa994140058e44d
Saint_Helena
Located in the South Atlantic Ocean on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, more than 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from the nearest major landmass, Saint Helena is one of the most remote places in the world. The nearest port on the continent is Namibe in southern Angola, and the nearest international airport the Quatro de Fevereiro ...
What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?
What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?
[ "What area is the island classified as being in by the United Nations?" ]
{ "text": [ "West Africa" ], "answer_start": [ 961 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-35741
570a574f4103511400d5962c
Imperial_College_London
Imperial College TV ICTV (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an oc...
When was the station renamed to it's modern name?
When was the station renamed to it's modern name?
[ "When was the station renamed to it's modern name?" ]
{ "text": [ "start of the 2014/15 academic year" ], "answer_start": [ 796 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-60257
5ace255a32bba1001ae49bb2
Washington_University_in_St._Louis
The West Campus is located about one mile (1.6 km) to the west of the Danforth Campus in Clayton, Missouri, and primarily consists of a four-story former department store building housing mostly administrative space. The West Campus building was home to the Clayton branch of the Famous-Barr department store until 1990,...
On what floor is capital gifts?
On what floor is capital gifts?
[ "On what floor is capital gifts?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-111831
5727707df1498d1400e8f822
On_the_Origin_of_Species
The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign ...
What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?
What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?
[ "What section of the population was Darwin's book written for?" ]
{ "text": [ "non-specialist readers" ], "answer_start": [ 25 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-2798
5730144a04bcaa1900d7713b
British_Isles
The earliest known use of the phrase Brytish Iles in the English language is dated 1577 in a work by John Dee. Today, this name is seen by some as carrying imperialist overtones although it is still commonly used. Other names used to describe the islands include the Anglo-Celtic Isles, Atlantic archipelago, British-Iri...
What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?
What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?
[ "What is the earliest English usage of the term Brytish Illes?" ]
{ "text": [ "a work by John Dee" ], "answer_start": [ 91 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18780
5ad0bf6e645df0001a2d01a2
Premier_League
Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaste...
Since which year has the Football League First Division been the low level of English football?
Since which year has the Football League First Division been the low level of English football?
[ "Since which year has the Football League First Division been the low level of English football?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-16270
57317297497a881900248ef7
Muammar_Gaddafi
Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz...
What company's property did Libya nationalize in December of 1971?
What company's property did Libya nationalize in December of 1971?
[ "What company's property did Libya nationalize in December of 1971?" ]
{ "text": [ "British Petroleum" ], "answer_start": [ 125 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-75537
5726c394f1498d1400e8ea90
Cubism
There was a distinct difference between Kahnweiler’s Cubists and the Salon Cubists. Prior to 1914, Picasso, Braque, Gris and Léger (to a lesser extent) gained the support of a single committed art dealer in Paris, Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler, who guaranteed them an annual income for the exclusive right to buy their works. ...
Where did Picassos work until 1912?
Where did Picassos work until 1912?
[ "Where did Picassos work until 1912? " ]
{ "text": [ "Montmartre" ], "answer_start": [ 470 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-45461
571a616610f8ca140030500a
Ashkenazi_Jews
Culturally, an Ashkenazi Jew can be identified by the concept of Yiddishkeit, which means "Jewishness" in the Yiddish language. Yiddishkeit is specifically the Jewishness of Ashkenazi Jews. Before the Haskalah and the emancipation of Jews in Europe, this meant the study of Torah and Talmud for men, and a family and com...
What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language?
What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language?
[ "What does Yiddishkeit mean in the Yiddish language?" ]
{ "text": [ "\"Jewishness\"" ], "answer_start": [ 90 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-55009
5a397d0c2f14dd001ac723c9
Everton_F.C.
Everton hold the record for the most seasons in England's top tier (Division One/Premier League), at 111 seasons out of 114 as of 2014–15 (the club played in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of seven teams to have played all 22 seasons of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the ...
How many seasons of football has Chelsea played?
How many seasons of football has Chelsea played?
[ "How many seasons of football has Chelsea played?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-65690
5728d0853acd2414000dff38
Detroit
Annual summer events include the Electronic Music Festival, International Jazz Festival, the Woodward Dream Cruise, the African World Festival, the country music Hoedown, Noel Night, and Dally in the Alley. Within downtown, Campus Martius Park hosts large events, including the annual Motown Winter Blast. As the world's...
Which festival draws up to 3 million people?
Which festival draws up to 3 million people?
[ "Which festival draws up to 3 million people?" ]
{ "text": [ "Windsor–Detroit International Freedom Festival" ], "answer_start": [ 576 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-59923
56f989239b226e1400dd1539
Zhejiang
There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring s...
How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?
How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?
[ "How many distinct seasons does Zhejiang have?" ]
{ "text": [ "four" ], "answer_start": [ 289 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-76161
5726c38bdd62a815002e8fd2
Utrecht
By the mid-7th century, English and Irish missionaries set out to convert the Frisians. The pope appointed their leader, Willibrordus, bishop of the Frisians. The tenure of Willibrordus is generally considered to be the beginning of the Bishopric of Utrecht. In 723, the Frankish leader Charles Martel bestowed the fortr...
What showed the importance of Utrecht
What showed the importance of Utrecht
[ "What showed the importance of Utrecht" ]
{ "text": [ "Utrecht as a centre of Christianity is illustrated by the election of the Utrecht-born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens as pope in 1522" ], "answer_start": [ 820 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-43952
56d11c3317492d1400aab9b0
Kanye_West
On January 5, 2012, West announced his establishment of the creative content company DONDA, named after his late mother Donda West. In his announcement, West proclaimed that the company would "pick up where Steve Jobs left off"; DONDA would operate as "a design company which will galvanize amazing thinkers in a creativ...
On what date did Kanye go public with his DONDA company?
On what date did Kanye go public with his DONDA company?
[ "On what date did Kanye go public with his DONDA company?" ]
{ "text": [ "January 5, 2012" ], "answer_start": [ 3 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-15755
5726ec1cf1498d1400e8efec
Chinese_characters
Although Chinese characters in Vietnam are now limited to ceremonial uses, they were once in widespread use. Until the early 20th century, Literary Chinese was used in Vietnam for all official and scholarly writing. Around the 13th century the Nôm script was developed to record folk literature in the Vietnamese languag...
What is now limited to ceremonial uses?
What is now limited to ceremonial uses?
[ "What is now limited to ceremonial uses?" ]
{ "text": [ "Chinese characters in Vietnam" ], "answer_start": [ 9 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-55798
5a0cf49bf5590b0018dab6a0
Clothing
In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a...
What clothing is exclusively for males?
What clothing is exclusively for males?
[ "What clothing is exclusively for males?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-83147
56ded6593277331400b4d752
Arnold_Schwarzenegger
On May 9, 2011, Shriver and Schwarzenegger ended their relationship after 25 years of marriage, with Shriver moving out of the couple's Brentwood mansion. On May 16, 2011, the Los Angeles Times revealed that Schwarzenegger had fathered a son more than fourteen years earlier with an employee in their household, Mildred ...
What newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's child with another woman?
What newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's child with another woman?
[ "What newspaper broke the story about Schwarzenegger's child with another woman?" ]
{ "text": [ "the Los Angeles Times" ], "answer_start": [ 172 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-4224
56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83379
Beyoncé
The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because Ga...
When was the disagreement settled out of court?
When was the disagreement settled out of court?
[ "When was the disagreement settled out of court?" ]
{ "text": [ "June 2013" ], "answer_start": [ 267 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-31031
5727435f5951b619008f878f
Mexico_City
During Andrés López Obrador's administration a political slogan was introduced: la Ciudad de la Esperanza ("The City of Hope"). This motto was quickly adopted as a city nickname, but has faded since the new motto Capital en Movimiento ("Capital in Movement") was adopted by the administration headed by Marcelo Ebrard, t...
How is the city commonly abbreviated?
How is the city commonly abbreviated?
[ "How is the city commonly abbreviated?" ]
{ "text": [ "CDMX" ], "answer_start": [ 485 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-14567
57331b0dd058e614000b56fc
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath...
As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?
As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?
[ "As opposed to physical objects, what did Whitehead believe reality is composed of?" ]
{ "text": [ "processes" ], "answer_start": [ 306 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-3744
56bf99aca10cfb14005511a7
Beyoncé
Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and...
Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?
Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?
[ "Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?" ]
{ "text": [ "Phoenix House" ], "answer_start": [ 439 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-26174
5726abf2708984140094cd6d
Edmund_Burke
Burke put forward that "We fear God, we look up with awe to kings; with affection to parliaments; with duty to magistrates; with reverence to priests; and with respect to nobility. Why? Because when such ideas are brought before our minds, it is natural to be so affected". Burke defended this prejudice on the grounds t...
Who did Burke say we look up to with awe?
Who did Burke say we look up to with awe?
[ "Who did Burke say we look up to with awe?" ]
{ "text": [ "kings" ], "answer_start": [ 60 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-88046
5a3c70adcc5d22001a521db0
God
Theism generally holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal; and that God is personal and interacting with the universe through, for example, religious experience and the prayers of humans. Theism hol...
What is one attribute of the universe?
What is one attribute of the universe?
[ "What is one attribute of the universe?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-94197
5a5d57f95e8782001a9d5ebf
Cork_(city)
Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can stil...
Who prints the Echo Boys?
Who prints the Echo Boys?
[ "Who prints the Echo Boys?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-3391
572652fddd62a815002e818a
Southeast_Asia
There are several theories to the Islamisation process in Southeast Asia. Another theory is trade. The expansion of trade among West Asia, India and Southeast Asia helped the spread of the religion as Muslim traders from Southern Yemen (Hadramout) brought Islam to the region with their large volume of trade. Many settl...
Which missionary helped to spread Islam?
Which missionary helped to spread Islam?
[ "Which missionary helped to spread Islam?" ]
{ "text": [ "The Sufi missionaries" ], "answer_start": [ 584 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-59513
5726b10af1498d1400e8e794
Electric_motor
To minimize overall weight and size, miniature PM motors may use high energy magnets made with neodymium or other strategic elements; most such are neodymium-iron-boron alloy. With their higher flux density, electric machines with high-energy PMs are at least competitive with all optimally designed singly-fed synchrono...
What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?
What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?
[ "What does the outer housing of a miniature motor resemble?" ]
{ "text": [ "steel tube" ], "answer_start": [ 546 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-80277
572f9e5504bcaa1900d76aeb
Bacteria
Bacteria display a wide diversity of shapes and sizes, called morphologies. Bacterial cells are about one-tenth the size of eukaryotic cells and are typically 0.5–5.0 micrometres in length. However, a few species are visible to the unaided eye — for example, Thiomargarita namibiensis is up to half a millimetre long and...
What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria?
What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria?
[ "What is the common name for shapes and forms of bacteria?" ]
{ "text": [ "morphologies" ], "answer_start": [ 62 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-50384
572e9d16c246551400ce43f8
Neptune
High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye...
Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune?
Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune?
[ "Where are the high altitude bands of clouds on Neptune? " ]
{ "text": [ "50–110 km above the cloud deck." ], "answer_start": [ 257 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-62176
5726821edd62a815002e87a5
Chicago_Cubs
The Chicago Cubs have not won a World Series championship since 1908, and have not appeared in the Fall Classic since 1945, although between their postseason appearance in 1984 and their most recent in 2015, they have made the postseason seven times. 107 seasons is the longest championship drought in all four of the ma...
When was the last time the Chicago Cubs appeared in the Fall Classic?
When was the last time the Chicago Cubs appeared in the Fall Classic?
[ "When was the last time the Chicago Cubs appeared in the Fall Classic?" ]
{ "text": [ "1945" ], "answer_start": [ 118 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-33625
5a6786f4f038b7001ab0c274
Film_speed
The DIN system, officially DIN standard 4512 by Deutsches Institut für Normung (but still named Deutscher Normenausschuß (DNA) at this time), was published in January 1934. It grew out of drafts for a standardized method of sensitometry put forward by Deutscher Normenausschuß für Phototechnik as proposed by the committ...
Who founded the VIII. International Congress of Photography?
Who founded the VIII. International Congress of Photography?
[ "Who founded the VIII. International Congress of Photography?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-97754
5732793be99e3014001e67de
Humanism
In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word "humanism" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained universal acceptance ...
Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?
Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?
[ "Who was responsible for yet another definition of the philosophy in 1856?" ]
{ "text": [ "Georg Voigt" ], "answer_start": [ 367 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-74618
570d0642fed7b91900d45bd1
Melbourne
The main passenger airport serving the metropolis and the state is Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport), which is the second busiest in Australia, and the Port of Melbourne is Australia's busiest seaport for containerised and general cargo. Melbourne has an extensive transport network. The main metropoli...
What passenger airport serves Melbourne?
What passenger airport serves Melbourne?
[ "What passenger airport serves Melbourne?" ]
{ "text": [ "Melbourne Airport (also called Tullamarine Airport)" ], "answer_start": [ 67 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-72493
5726843b708984140094c8a5
Greece
Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic. The akritic was created between the 9th and 10th centuries and expressed the life and struggles of the akrites (frontier guards) of the Byzantine empire, th...
What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?
What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?
[ "What are the two cycles of the Greek folk song?" ]
{ "text": [ "akritic and klephtic" ], "answer_start": [ 142 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-14683
57303159a23a5019007fcf53
Alfred_North_Whitehead
Rather than teach small parts of a large number of subjects, Whitehead advocated teaching a relatively few important concepts that the student could organically link to many different areas of knowledge, discovering their application in actual life. For Whitehead, education should be the exact opposite of the multidisc...
Whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what?
Whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what?
[ "Whitehead believed education should be the opposite of what?" ]
{ "text": [ "value-free school model" ], "answer_start": [ 330 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-1249
57309019396df919000961b0
Airport
The first lighting used on an airport was during the latter part of the 1920s; in the 1930s approach lighting came into use. These indicated the proper direction and angle of descent. The colours and flash intervals of these lights became standardized under the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). In the 1...
What indicated the proper direction and angle of descent?
What indicated the proper direction and angle of descent?
[ "What indicated the proper direction and angle of descent?" ]
{ "text": [ "approach lighting" ], "answer_start": [ 92 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-70630
56dfed637aa994140058e279
Pub
CAMRA maintains a "National Inventory" of historical notability and of architecturally and decoratively notable pubs. The National Trust owns thirty-six public houses of historic interest including the George Inn, Southwark, London and The Crown Liquor Saloon, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?
What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?
[ "What city is home to The Crown Liquor Saloon?" ]
{ "text": [ "Belfast" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-99896
56fb955db28b3419009f1e67
Middle_Ages
The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea. Painted or carved wooden relief altarpieces became common, ...
Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?
Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?
[ "Along with being carved, how were altarpieces often decorated in this period?" ]
{ "text": [ "Painted" ], "answer_start": [ 261 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-112347
57293627af94a219006aa199
Race_(human_categorization)
The authors of the study also examined 77 college textbooks in biology and 69 in physical anthropology published between 1932 and 1989. Physical anthropology texts argued that biological races exist until the 1970s, when they began to argue that races do not exist. In contrast, biology textbooks did not undergo such a ...
How many college textbooks in biology did the authors of the study examine?
How many college textbooks in biology did the authors of the study examine?
[ "How many college textbooks in biology did the authors of the study examine?" ]
{ "text": [ "77" ], "answer_start": [ 39 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-65468
5727b68d2ca10214002d9494
Detroit
The Governor of Michigan, Rick Snyder, declared a financial emergency for the city in March 2013, appointing an emergency manager. On July 18, 2013, Detroit filed the largest municipal bankruptcy case in U.S. history. It was declared bankrupt by Judge Steven W. Rhodes of the Bankruptcy Court for the Eastern District of...
How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?
How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?
[ "How much debt did Detroit have when they declared bankruptcy?" ]
{ "text": [ "$18.5 billion" ], "answer_start": [ 364 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-21404
56e6db4d6fe0821900b8ebee
Adult_contemporary_music
Other popular names for the format include "Warm", "Sunny", "Bee" (or "B") and (particularly in Canada) "EZ Rock". The format can be seen as a more contemporary successor to and combination of the middle of the road (MOR), beautiful music, easy listening and soft rock formats. Many stations in the soft AC format capita...
What station first introduced the tagline "everyone at work can agree on"?
What station first introduced the tagline "everyone at work can agree on"?
[ "What station first introduced the tagline \"everyone at work can agree on\"?" ]
{ "text": [ "KOST" ], "answer_start": [ 488 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-81249
572664dd708984140094c4a4
Queen_Victoria
Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. Wh...
How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?
How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?
[ "How did Victoria feel about having to be married in order to escape living with her mother?" ]
{ "text": [ "a \"schocking [sic] alternative\"" ], "answer_start": [ 511 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-72139
5acf922c77cf76001a6852c5
Capacitor
Capacitors may retain a charge long after power is removed from a circuit; this charge can cause dangerous or even potentially fatal shocks or damage connected equipment. For example, even a seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may co...
How aren't the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored?
How aren't the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored?
[ " How aren't the terminals of high voltage capacitors stored?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-48713
5a85ffedb4e223001a8e735a
War_on_Terror
In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Securi...
What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security?
What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security?
[ "What was consolidated into the Department of Homeland Security?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-70416
56dfba5f231d4119001abd2c
Pub
The 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin. Gin was brought to England by the Dutch after the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and became very popular after the government created a market for "cuckoo grain" or "cuckoo malt" that was unfit to be used...
How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?
How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?
[ "How much more gin than beer was made in England in 1740?" ]
{ "text": [ "six times" ], "answer_start": [ 608 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-67401
5a107aabdecec90018475683
Hanover
But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 26...
Where can you find the biggest fixed Ferris wheel in the world?
Where can you find the biggest fixed Ferris wheel in the world?
[ "Where can you find the biggest fixed Ferris wheel in the world?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-25650
5acfe81377cf76001a6863fd
Namibia
The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898. Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981. During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority. The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat. During So...
What was the first newspaper in Namibia that reflected the realities of the black citizens?
What was the first newspaper in Namibia that reflected the realities of the black citizens?
[ "What was the first newspaper in Namibia that reflected the realities of the black citizens?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-50343
5acee08232bba1001ae4b81c
Neptune
Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four ...
How much less mass does Neptune have compared to Earth?
How much less mass does Neptune have compared to Earth?
[ " How much less mass does Neptune have compared to Earth?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-53217
5a68e6518476ee001a58a857
Sichuan
Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed. Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of t...
What did Qin administrators introduce to Yangtze?
What did Qin administrators introduce to Yangtze?
[ "What did Qin administrators introduce to Yangtze?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-43052
5a85bfd2b4e223001a8e71ee
Poultry
Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, i...
What birds are no longer considered as poultry?
What birds are no longer considered as poultry?
[ "What birds are no longer considered as poultry?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-90068
5acf818277cf76001a68503f
Somerset
The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district). The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somers...
What type of county was Avon?
What type of county was Avon?
[ "What type of county was Avon?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-44152
5a2ee726a83784001a7d2539
Bras%C3%ADlia
Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise. Building Brasília was part of Juscelino's "fifty years of prosperity in five" plan. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban plann...
How many people competed in a contest to help build the city in 1956?
How many people competed in a contest to help build the city in 1956?
[ "How many people competed in a contest to help build the city in 1956?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-21861
570abc016d058f19001830b8
Aircraft_carrier
The constraints of constructing a flight deck affect the role of a given carrier strongly, as they influence the weight, type, and configuration of the aircraft that may be launched. For example, assisted launch mechanisms are used primarily for heavy aircraft, especially those loaded with air-to-ground weapons. CATOBA...
What does CATOBAR allow for?
What does CATOBAR allow for?
[ "What does CATOBAR allow for?" ]
{ "text": [ "deployment of heavy jets with full loadouts" ], "answer_start": [ 382 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-98039
56e0b2127aa994140058e6ad
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today. During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium. The symbols D and T (instead of 2H and 3H) are sometime...
Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?
Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?
[ "Which element is the only that has different names for its isotopes?" ]
{ "text": [ "Hydrogen" ], "answer_start": [ 0 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-116149
5a68bcef8476ee001a58a7d6
Punjab,_Pakistan
Punjab during Mahabharata times was known as Panchanada. Punjab was part of the Indus Valley Civilization, more than 4000 years ago. The main site in Punjab was the city of Harrapa. The Indus Valley Civilization spanned much of what is today Pakistan and eventually evolved into the Indo-Aryan civilisation. The Vedic ci...
When was the archaeological site at Harappa discovered?
When was the archaeological site at Harappa discovered?
[ "When was the archaeological site at Harappa discovered?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-75260
57286dad4b864d19001649ed
Labour_Party_(UK)
Callaghan had been widely expected to call a general election in the autumn of 1978 when most opinion polls showed Labour to have a narrow lead. However he decided to extend his wage restraint policy for another year hoping that the economy would be in a better shape for a 1979 election. But during the winter of 1978–7...
What was this strike called?
What was this strike called?
[ "What was this strike called?" ]
{ "text": [ "Winter of Discontent" ], "answer_start": [ 563 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-18707
5726f9365951b619008f83d2
Nigeria
The Nigerian film industry is known as Nollywood (a portmanteau of Nigeria and Hollywood) and is now the 2nd-largest producer of movies in the world. Nigerian film studios are based in Lagos, Kano and Enugu, forming a major portion of the local economy of these cities. Nigerian cinema is Africa's largest movie industry...
Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry?
Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry?
[ "Which African country has the continent's largest movie industry?" ]
{ "text": [ "Nigerian" ], "answer_start": [ 270 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-106487
572617dfec44d21400f3d8bb
Hellenistic_period
Astronomers like Hipparchus (c. 190 – c. 120 BC) built upon the measurements of the Babylonian astronomers before him, to measure the precession of the Earth. Pliny reports that Hipparchus produced the first systematic star catalog after he observed a new star (it is uncertain whether this was a nova or a comet) and wi...
Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map?
Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map?
[ "Who stated that Hipparchus created the first systematic star map?" ]
{ "text": [ "Pliny" ], "answer_start": [ 159 ] }
gem-squad_v2-train-95810
5ad3ec5c604f3c001a3ff766
Yale_University
Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rh...
What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be bad luck to rub?
What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be bad luck to rub?
[ "What part of the statue of Theodore Dwight Woolsey is it said to be bad luck to rub?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-71272
5acf657877cf76001a684d4e
University_of_Kansas
KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas.
What isn't the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?
What isn't the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?
[ "What isn't the name of the University of Kansas's foundation?" ]
{ "text": [], "answer_start": [] }
gem-squad_v2-train-24675
56cee70daab44d1400b88c52
New_York_City
In 1904, the steamship General Slocum caught fire in the East River, killing 1,021 people on board. In 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, the city's worst industrial disaster, took the lives of 146 garment workers and spurred the growth of the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union and major improvements...
How many people died on the General Slocum?
How many people died on the General Slocum?
[ "How many people died on the General Slocum?" ]
{ "text": [ "1,021" ], "answer_start": [ 77 ] }