gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-59874 | 56f9867d9e9bad19000a0a31 | Zhejiang | During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made ... | How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men? | How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men? | [
"How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?"
] | {
"text": [
"250,000"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68467 | 5a36b71595360f001af1b328 | George_VI | In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa. The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites, and referred to... | Whose South African government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation? | Whose South African government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation? | [
"Whose South African government instituted a strict policy of racial segregation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94007 | 572ea2bbc246551400ce4448 | Cyprus | In modern times Cypriot art history begins with the painter Vassilis Vryonides (1883–1958) who studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Venice. Arguably the two founding fathers of modern Cypriot art were Adamantios Diamantis (1900–1994) who studied at London's Royal College of Art and Christopheros Savva (1924–1968) who... | Name one of the individuals considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art. | Name one of the individuals considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art. | [
"Name one of the individuals considered the founding fathers of modern Cypriot art."
] | {
"text": [
"Adamantios Diamantis"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10633 | 5acf950277cf76001a685353 | Comics | While comics are often the work of a single creator, the labour of making them is frequently divided between a number of specialists. There may be separate writers and artists, and artists may specialize in parts of the artwork such as characters or backgrounds, as is common in Japan. Particularly in American superhero... | What is a person called who doesn't do the initial pencil work for the artwork? | What is a person called who doesn't do the initial pencil work for the artwork? | [
"What is a person called who doesn't do the initial pencil work for the artwork?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100468 | 5acd4e4b07355d001abf3c9a | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | The BeiDou-2 system began offering services for the Asia-Pacific region in December 2012. At this time, the system could provide positioning data between longitude 55°E to 180°E and from latitude 55°S to 55°N. | The system was able to provide positioning data between 55 E to 180 E longitude and ______ latitude? | The system was able to provide positioning data between 55 E to 180 E longitude and ______ latitude? | [
"The system was able to provide positioning data between 55 E to 180 E longitude and ______ latitude? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109232 | 57278e51f1498d1400e8fbf7 | Carnival | Carnival is known as Crop Over and is Barbados's biggest festival. Its early beginnings were on the sugar cane plantations during the colonial period. Crop over began in 1688, and featured singing, dancing and accompaniment by shak-shak, banjo, triangle, fiddle, guitar, bottles filled with water and bones. Other tradit... | Where did the festival in Barbados originate from? | Where did the festival in Barbados originate from? | [
"Where did the festival in Barbados originate from?"
] | {
"text": [
"sugar cane plantations"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111435 | 573207f5e17f3d14004225da | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | While the new plebeian nobility made social, political and religious inroads on traditionally patrician preserves, their electorate maintained their distinctive political traditions and religious cults. During the Punic crisis, popular cult to Dionysus emerged from southern Italy; Dionysus was equated with Father Liber... | What cult arrived from southern Italy? | What cult arrived from southern Italy? | [
"What cult arrived from southern Italy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dionysus"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11258 | 5733edbe4776f41900661532 | Anthropology | Some authors argue that anthropology originated and developed as the study of "other cultures", both in terms of time (past societies) and space (non-European/non-Western societies). For example, the classic of urban anthropology, Ulf Hannerz in the introduction to his seminal Exploring the City: Inquiries Toward an Ur... | Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"? | Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, "Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology"? | [
"Who published a book with unnecessarily long title, \"Exploring the City: Inquires Toward an Urban Anthropology\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ulf Hannerz"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114473 | 5ad2790bd7d075001a4295a1 | Emotion | In the late 19th century, the most influential theorists were William James (1842–1910) and Carl Lange (1834–1900). James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism. Lange was a Danish physician and ... | What was William James' religion? | What was William James' religion? | [
" What was William James' religion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53939 | 56dde48b9a695914005b966e | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Consistent with the missions and priorities outlined above, the Canadian Armed Forces also contribute to the conduct of Canadian defence diplomacy through a range of activities, including the deployment of Canadian Defence Attachés, participation in bilateral and multilateral military forums (e.g. the System of Coopera... | What other air force does the CAF cooperate with? | What other air force does the CAF cooperate with? | [
"What other air force does the CAF cooperate with?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Air Forces"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27586 | 5730242f947a6a140053d182 | Liberia | Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate... | How long do members of the supreme court serve? | How long do members of the supreme court serve? | [
"How long do members of the supreme court serve?"
] | {
"text": [
"until the age of 70"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66000 | 571a2c414faf5e1900b8a8ee | Seattle | Of the city's population over the age of 25, 53.8% (vs. a national average of 27.4%) hold a bachelor's degree or higher, and 91.9% (vs. 84.5% nationally) have a high school diploma or equivalent. A 2008 United States Census Bureau survey showed that Seattle had the highest percentage of college and university graduates... | How much of the Seattle population have high school diplomas? | How much of the Seattle population have high school diplomas? | [
"How much of the Seattle population have high school diplomas?"
] | {
"text": [
"91.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38543 | 5acd198007355d001abf34ce | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Who believes matter is more important than information? | Who believes matter is more important than information? | [
"Who believes matter is more important than information? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29720 | 5ad17e8d645df0001a2d1e38 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Although Calvin and Huldrych Zwingli honored Mary as the Mother of God in the 16th century, they did so less than Martin Luther. Thus the idea of respect and high honor for Mary was not rejected by the first Protestants; but, they came to criticize the Roman Catholics for venerating Mary. Following the Council of Trent... | In what century did Martin Luther honor Mary as the Mother of God? | In what century did Martin Luther honor Mary as the Mother of God? | [
"In what century did Martin Luther honor Mary as the Mother of God?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13884 | 5a8328fee60761001a2eb477 | BBC_Television | BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was t... | What studio did the channel switch to in 1946 from Alexandra Place? | What studio did the channel switch to in 1946 from Alexandra Place? | [
"What studio did the channel switch to in 1946 from Alexandra Place?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79065 | 5a8db1e5df8bba001a0f9b7d | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Nintendo staff members reported that demo users complained about the difficulty of the control scheme. Aonuma realized that his team had implemented Wii controls under the mindset of "forcing" users to adapt, instead of making the system intuitive and easy to use. He began rethinking the controls with Miyamoto to focus... | What features did Aonuma work to improve after Miyamoto's complaints? | What features did Aonuma work to improve after Miyamoto's complaints? | [
"What features did Aonuma work to improve after Miyamoto's complaints?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4470 | 5727f4f83acd2414000df0c4 | Pope_John_XXIII | Roncalli was elected pope on 28 October 1958 at age 76 after 11 ballots. His selection was unexpected, and Roncalli himself had come to Rome with a return train ticket to Venice. He was the first pope to take the pontifical name of "John" upon election in more than 500 years, and his choice settled the complicated ques... | When was Roncalli elected pope? | When was Roncalli elected pope? | [
"When was Roncalli elected pope?"
] | {
"text": [
"28 October 1958"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62114 | 5726716c5951b619008f72d2 | Chicago_Cubs | The Cubs had high expectations in 2002, but the squad played poorly. On July 5, 2002 the Cubs promoted assistant general manager and player personnel director Jim Hendry to the General Manager position. The club responded by hiring Dusty Baker and by making some major moves in '03. Most notably, they traded with the Pi... | What was Jim Hendry promoted to? | What was Jim Hendry promoted to? | [
"What was Jim Hendry promoted to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the General Manager position"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17253 | 5ad14ea1645df0001a2d16ea | Uranium | In nature, uranium is found as uranium-238 (99.2742%) and uranium-235 (0.7204%). Isotope separation concentrates (enriches) the fissionable uranium-235 for nuclear weapons and most nuclear power plants, except for gas cooled reactors and pressurised heavy water reactors. Most neutrons released by a fissioning atom of u... | What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction? | What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction? | [
"What is the term for the amount of uranium-335 needed to sustain a nuclear chain reaction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22552 | 57096e1c200fba1400367fd7 | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh is spread across valleys, and 90% of the population lives in villages and towns. However, the state has achieved 100% hygiene and practically no single house is without a toilet. The villages are well connected to roads, public health centers, and now with Lokmitra kendra using high-speed broadband. Sh... | What are the most visited places in the country? | What are the most visited places in the country? | [
"What are the most visited places in the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"The hill stations"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60881 | 570b2a686b8089140040f7bc | Gregorian_calendar | Because the spring equinox was tied to the date of Easter, the Roman Catholic Church considered the seasonal drift in the date of Easter undesirable. The Church of Alexandria celebrated Easter on the Sunday after the 14th day of the moon (computed using the Metonic cycle) that falls on or after the vernal equinox, whic... | Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell? | Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell? | [
"Until 342 when did the Church of Rome think the vernal equinox fell?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 March"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103525 | 5ad2b1c2d7d075001a429f60 | Multiracial_American | Some biographical accounts include the autobiography Life on the Color Line: The True Story of a White Boy Who Discovered He Was Black by Gregory Howard Williams; One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life—A Story of Race and Family Secrets written by Bliss Broyard about her father Anatole Broyard; the documentary Colored White... | What documentary is about a white man in Georgia? | What documentary is about a white man in Georgia? | [
"What documentary is about a white man in Georgia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35277 | 5ad0c662645df0001a2d02c6 | Gothic_architecture | Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns. Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League. Civic building was of great importance... | What did Europe experience a rapid decline in at this time? | What did Europe experience a rapid decline in at this time? | [
"What did Europe experience a rapid decline in at this time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24632 | 56cfb961234ae51400d9bf00 | New_York_City | The only attempt at a peaceful solution to the war took place at the Conference House on Staten Island between American delegates, including Benjamin Franklin, and British general Lord Howe on September 11, 1776. Shortly after the British occupation began, the Great Fire of New York occurred, a large conflagration on t... | Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan? | Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan? | [
"Which natural disaster happened after English occupation of Lower Manhattan?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Great Fire of New York"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34213 | 5ad414cb604f3c001a4002ae | Alaska | The Unorganized Borough has no government of its own, but the U.S. Census Bureau in cooperation with the state divided the Unorganized Borough into 11 census areas solely for the purposes of statistical analysis and presentation. A recording district is a mechanism for administration of the public record in Alaska. The... | What isn't the function of an Alaskan recording district? | What isn't the function of an Alaskan recording district? | [
"What isn't the function of an Alaskan recording district?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100107 | 572b5d20f75d5e190021fd9e | Guam | The Compacts of Free Association between the United States, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Republic of Palau accorded the former entities of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands a political status of "free association" with the United States. The Compacts give cit... | What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association? | What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association? | [
"What has Guam claimed about Compacts of Free Association?"
] | {
"text": [
"the territory has had to bear the brunt of this agreement"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63669 | 5a7a50c717ab25001a8a04e4 | Buckingham_Palace | During World War II, the palace was bombed nine times, the most serious and publicised of which resulted in the destruction of the palace chapel in 1940. Coverage of this event was played in cinemas all over the UK to show the common suffering of rich and poor. One bomb fell in the palace quadrangle while King George V... | What was hidden from the public as a result of the bombing of Buckingham Palace? | What was hidden from the public as a result of the bombing of Buckingham Palace? | [
"What was hidden from the public as a result of the bombing of Buckingham Palace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2870 | 5acd8e2b07355d001abf4702 | British_Isles | Many larger animals, such as wolf, bear and the European elk are today extinct. However, some species such as red deer are protected. Other small mammals, such as rabbits, foxes, badgers, hares, hedgehogs, and stoats, are very common and the European beaver has been reintroduced in parts of Scotland. Wild boar have als... | The Asian beaver was reintroduced into parts of which country? | The Asian beaver was reintroduced into parts of which country? | [
"The Asian beaver was reintroduced into parts of which country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115299 | 57263f68ec44d21400f3dcc5 | Mammal | Viviparous mammals are in the subclass Theria; those living today are in the marsupial and placental infraclasses. A marsupial has a short gestation period, typically shorter than its estrous cycle, and gives birth to an undeveloped newborn that then undergoes further development; in many species, this takes place with... | What is present in all non-placental mammals? | What is present in all non-placental mammals? | [
"What is present in all non-placental mammals?"
] | {
"text": [
"epipubic bones"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91458 | 5acea6ad32bba1001ae4aef8 | Avicenna | In the Al-Burhan (On Demonstration) section of The Book of Healing, Avicenna discussed the philosophy of science and described an early scientific method of inquiry. He discusses Aristotle's Posterior Analytics and significantly diverged from it on several points. Avicenna discussed the issue of a proper methodology fo... | What work of Aristotle's does Avicenna not focus on? | What work of Aristotle's does Avicenna not focus on? | [
"What work of Aristotle's does Avicenna not focus on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22135 | 56e77ae437bdd419002c400e | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress. As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). The Archivist served as a subordinate offici... | When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives? | When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives? | [
"When did the first Archivist start at the National Archives?"
] | {
"text": [
"1934"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113458 | 572ec989dfa6aa1500f8d3be | Vacuum | Humans and animals exposed to vacuum will lose consciousness after a few seconds and die of hypoxia within minutes, but the symptoms are not nearly as graphic as commonly depicted in media and popular culture. The reduction in pressure lowers the temperature at which blood and other body fluids boil, but the elastic pr... | A shuttle astronauts prevents ebullism at 2 kPa with what item? | A shuttle astronauts prevents ebullism at 2 kPa with what item? | [
"A shuttle astronauts prevents ebullism at 2 kPa with what item?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Crew Altitude Protection Suit (CAPS)"
],
"answer_start": [
836
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3030 | 5acda5cd07355d001abf48b7 | British_Isles | Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (Irish: Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agus na hÉireann) predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990... | What body was established by the Good Friday Agreement and is made up of the states of Wales and Scotland? | What body was established by the Good Friday Agreement and is made up of the states of Wales and Scotland? | [
"What body was established by the Good Friday Agreement and is made up of the states of Wales and Scotland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64236 | 572800173acd2414000df1db | John_von_Neumann | John von Neumann (/vɒn ˈnɔɪmən/; Hungarian: Neumann János Lajos, pronounced [ˈnɒjmɒn ˈjaːnoʃ ˈlɒjoʃ]; December 28, 1903 – February 8, 1957) was a Hungarian-American pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath. He made major contributions to a number of fields, including mathema... | What were the occupations that Von Neuman held? | What were the occupations that Von Neuman held? | [
"What were the occupations that Von Neuman held?"
] | {
"text": [
"pure and applied mathematician, physicist, inventor, computer scientist, and polymath"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29429 | 573045e2947a6a140053d38f | Swaziland | The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the Af... | What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU? | What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU? | [
"What amount of government revenue in Swaziland is from the SACU?"
] | {
"text": [
"60% of total government revenues"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33826 | 572676395951b619008f7351 | Film_speed | Despite these detailed standard definitions, cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user "ISO" setting refers to the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes. Because the 1998 version of ISO 12232 did not permit mea... | What types of sensitivity ratings can be specified by a camera? | What types of sensitivity ratings can be specified by a camera? | [
"What types of sensitivity ratings can be specified by a camera?"
] | {
"text": [
"REI or SOS"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66492 | 57289b73ff5b5019007da32a | Brigham_Young_University | Brigham Young University is a part of the Church Educational System of LDS Church. It is organized under a Board of Trustees, with the President of the Church (currently Thomas S. Monson) as chairman. This board consists of the same people as the Church Board of Education, a pattern that has been in place since 1939. P... | How does the President of BYU report to the Board? | How does the President of BYU report to the Board? | [
"How does the President of BYU report to the Board?"
] | {
"text": [
"through the Commissioner of Education"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35529 | 5ad0f932645df0001a2d092b | Gothic_architecture | The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal res... | When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona deconstructed? | When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona deconstructed? | [
"When was the Palau de la Generalitat in Barcelona deconstructed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9081 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699b | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | What led to the Bronx's population growth? | What led to the Bronx's population growth? | [
"What led to the Bronx's population growth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Extensions of the New York City Subway"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66878 | 57282967ff5b5019007d9e51 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Thousands of Soviet troops were sent to the Fergana Valley, southeast of the Uzbek capital Tashkent, to re-establish order after clashes in which local Uzbeks hunted down members of the Meskhetian minority in several days of rioting between June 4–11, 1989; about 100 people were killed. On June 23, 1989, Gorbachev remo... | Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? | Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? | [
"Who was fired from First Secretary position by Gorbachev? "
] | {
"text": [
"Rafiq Nishonov"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63985 | 5ace7b6532bba1001ae4a7bf | Annelid | Most of an annelid's body consists of segments that are practically identical, having the same sets of internal organs and external chaetae (Greek χαιτη, meaning "hair") and, in some species, appendages. However, the frontmost and rearmost sections are not regarded as true segments as they do not contain the standard s... | What language is the term 'chaetae' banned in? | What language is the term 'chaetae' banned in? | [
"What language is the term 'chaetae' banned in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76096 | 5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3ba | Web_browser | All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent. | Where do browsers allow pop-ups to open? | Where do browsers allow pop-ups to open? | [
"Where do browsers allow pop-ups to open?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106729 | 5a8475107cf838001a46a810 | East_India_Company | Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the Company's shareholders, the Act passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed British India to be formally under the control of the Crown, but leased back to the Company at £40,000 for two years. Under the Act's most impo... | How many council members were killed on the EIC? | How many council members were killed on the EIC? | [
"How many council members were killed on the EIC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112340 | 5729347aaf94a219006aa192 | Race_(human_categorization) | According to the 2000 edition of a popular physical anthropology textbook, forensic anthropologists are overwhelmingly in support of the idea of the basic biological reality of human races. Forensic physical anthropologist and professor George W. Gill has said that the idea that race is only skin deep "is simply not tr... | What does Gill think the complete denial of opposing evidence stems from? | What does Gill think the complete denial of opposing evidence stems from? | [
"What does Gill think the complete denial of opposing evidence stems from?"
] | {
"text": [
"socio-political motivation"
],
"answer_start": [
918
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29237 | 571d2b4ddd7acb1400e4c236 | Pharmaceutical_industry | There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act. Because medical research and developme... | What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs? | What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs? | [
"What is one financial benefit to researching orphan drugs?"
] | {
"text": [
"tax reductions"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45374 | 5728c7763acd2414000dfe35 | Sahara | By 6000 BCE predynastic Egyptians in the southwestern corner of Egypt were herding cattle and constructing large buildings. Subsistence in organized and permanent settlements in predynastic Egypt by the middle of the 6th millennium BCE centered predominantly on cereal and animal agriculture: cattle, goats, pigs and she... | What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period? | What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period? | [
"What were Egyptians herding in the early BCE period?"
] | {
"text": [
"cattle"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87488 | 56d3988759d6e414001467e2 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Native Alabamian Allen Barra sharply criticized Lee and the novel in The Wall Street Journal calling Atticus a "repository of cracker-barrel epigrams" and the novel represents a "sugar-coated myth" of Alabama history. Barra writes, "It's time to stop pretending that To Kill a Mockingbird is some kind of timeless classi... | Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them? | Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them? | [
"Who wrote that the book forces readers to question issues without resolving them?"
] | {
"text": [
"Akin Ajayi"
],
"answer_start": [
957
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113586 | 57062eba75f01819005e7a3d | Immunology | The humoral (antibody) response is defined as the interaction between antibodies and antigens. Antibodies are specific proteins released from a certain class of immune cells known as B lymphocytes, while antigens are defined as anything that elicits the generation of antibodies ("anti"body "gen"erators). Immunology res... | What are antibodies comprised of? | What are antibodies comprised of? | [
"What are antibodies comprised of?"
] | {
"text": [
"specific proteins"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4235 | 56bed2993aeaaa14008c94c9 | Beyoncé | On March 30, 2015, it was announced that Beyoncé is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Beyoncé's husband Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Includin... | When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal? | When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal? | [
"When was it discovered Beyonce was a co-owner of the music service, Tidal?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 30, 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2398 | 56d1ec45e7d4791d00902582 | Buddhism | Nirvana (Sanskrit; Pali: "Nibbāna") means "cessation", "extinction" (of craving and ignorance and therefore suffering and the cycle of involuntary rebirths (saṃsāra)), "extinguished", "quieted", "calmed"; it is also known as "Awakening" or "Enlightenment" in the West. The term for anybody who has achieved nirvana, incl... | What term means awakening? | What term means awakening? | [
"What term means awakening?"
] | {
"text": [
"nirvana"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82321 | 5a7126470efcfe001a8afd79 | Pesticide | Three other efforts to improve regulation of international pesticide trade are the United Nations London Guidelines for the Exchange of Information on Chemicals in International Trade and the United Nations Codex Alimentarius Commission.[citation needed] The former seeks to implement procedures for ensuring that prior ... | What does London want to create for people who want to be volunteers to follow? | What does London want to create for people who want to be volunteers to follow? | [
"What does London want to create for people who want to be volunteers to follow?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1493 | 573163cf497a881900248eb9 | Mosaic | The Church of the Holy Apostles in Thessaloniki was built in 1310–14. Although some vandal systematically removed the gold tesserae of the background it can be seen that the Pantokrator and the prophets in the dome follow the traditional Byzantine pattern. Many details are similar to the Pammakaristos mosaics so it is ... | When was the Church of the Holy Apostles built? | When was the Church of the Holy Apostles built? | [
"When was the Church of the Holy Apostles built? "
] | {
"text": [
"1310–14"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46927 | 572792ee708984140094e147 | Textual_criticism | By 1939, in his Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare, McKerrow had changed his mind about this approach, as he feared that a later edition – even if it contained authorial corrections – would "deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript." He therefore concluded that the correct p... | Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism? | Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism? | [
"Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism?"
] | {
"text": [
"deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript.\""
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100895 | 5727889c5951b619008f8c99 | Hindu_philosophy | Ancient and medieval Hindu texts identify six pramāṇas as correct means of accurate knowledge and truths: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference), upamāṇa (comparison and analogy), arthāpatti (postulation, derivation from circumstances), anupalabdi (non-perception, negative/cognitive proof) and śabda (word, testimo... | What is the pramanas for perception? | What is the pramanas for perception? | [
"What is the pramanas for perception?"
] | {
"text": [
"pratyakṣa"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114562 | 570a68cf6d058f1900182e2a | Emotion | There are some theories on emotions arguing that cognitive activity in the form of judgments, evaluations, or thoughts are necessary in order for an emotion to occur. A prominent philosophical exponent is Robert C. Solomon (for example, The Passions, Emotions and the Meaning of Life, 1993). Solomon claims that emotions... | The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought? | The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought? | [
"The idea that judgment can't be identified with emotion is an objection to what school of thought?"
] | {
"text": [
"cognitivism"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81559 | 57267d5c5951b619008f7486 | Queen_Victoria | According to one of her biographers, Giles St Aubyn, Victoria wrote an average of 2,500 words a day during her adult life. From July 1832 until just before her death, she kept a detailed journal, which eventually encompassed 122 volumes. After Victoria's death, her youngest daughter, Princess Beatrice, was appointed he... | What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals? | What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals? | [
"What did Beatrice do with her mother's journals?"
] | {
"text": [
"transcribed and edited"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84537 | 5ad4bda75b96ef001a109ec8 | San_Diego | From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supporte... | From what region in Portugal did immigrants come from to work in San Francisco's fishing industry? | From what region in Portugal did immigrants come from to work in San Francisco's fishing industry? | [
"From what region in Portugal did immigrants come from to work in San Francisco's fishing industry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23136 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0561 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | What came out on November 26, 2007? | What came out on November 26, 2007? | [
"What came out on November 26, 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92180 | 5a4fe541af0d07001ae8cc74 | Asthma | Family history is a risk factor for asthma, with many different genes being implicated. If one identical twin is affected, the probability of the other having the disease is approximately 25%. By the end of 2005, 25 genes had been associated with asthma in six or more separate populations, including GSTM1, IL10, CTLA-4... | In 2006 what percentage of genes were found to contribute to inflammation? | In 2006 what percentage of genes were found to contribute to inflammation? | [
"In 2006 what percentage of genes were found to contribute to inflammation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30241 | 5726b3445951b619008f7afb | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Southeast Raleigh is bounded by downtown on the west, Garner on the southwest, and rural Wake County to the southeast. The area includes areas along Rock Quarry Road, Poole Road, and New Bern Avenue. Primary neighborhoods include Chastain, Chavis Heights, Raleigh Country Club, Southgate, Kingwood Forest, Rochester Heig... | What is to the west of Southeast Raleigh? | What is to the west of Southeast Raleigh? | [
"What is to the west of Southeast Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"downtown"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70857 | 5731e1c3b9d445190005e607 | Bird | The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety... | In which type of migration do birds use the sun to navigate by day and a stellar compass at night? | In which type of migration do birds use the sun to navigate by day and a stellar compass at night? | [
"In which type of migration do birds use the sun to navigate by day and a stellar compass at night?"
] | {
"text": [
"diurnal migrants"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114711 | 570a7cdb6d058f1900182ea2 | Emotion | Through the use of multidimensional scaling, psychologists can map out similar emotional experiences, which allows a visual depiction of the "emotional distance" between experiences. A further step can be taken by looking at the map's dimensions of the emotional experiences. The emotional experiences are divided into t... | What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience? | What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience? | [
"What is the term for the feeling of energy or enervation created by an emotional experience?"
] | {
"text": [
"arousal"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9121 | 573256250fdd8d15006c69da | The_Bronx | East of the Bronx River, the borough is relatively flat and includes four large low peninsulas, or 'necks,' of low-lying land which jut into the waters of the East River and were once saltmarsh: Hunts Point, Clason's Point, Screvin's Neck (Castle Hill Point) and Throgs Neck. The East Bronx has older tenement buildings,... | In what river does the Bronx have 4 peninsulas? | In what river does the Bronx have 4 peninsulas? | [
"In what river does the Bronx have 4 peninsulas?"
] | {
"text": [
"East River"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22814 | 5735a122e853931400426a9b | Kathmandu | Kathmandu is located in the northwestern part of the Kathmandu Valley to the north of the Bagmati River and covers an area of 50.67 km2 (19.56 sq mi). The average elevation is 1,400 metres (4,600 ft) above sea level. The city is directly bounded by several other municipalities of the Kathmandu valley: south of the Bagm... | How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles? | How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles? | [
"How large is Kathmandu in terms of square miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"19.56"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87295 | 56ce349aaab44d1400b8858d | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Born in 1926, Harper Lee grew up in the Southern town of Monroeville, Alabama, where she became close friends with soon-to-be famous writer Truman Capote. She attended Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944–45), and then studied law at the University of Alabama (1945–49). While attending college, she wrote for campus l... | What job did Harper Lee start in New York City? | What job did Harper Lee start in New York City? | [
"What job did Harper Lee start in New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"reservation clerk"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47729 | 5726715df1498d1400e8dfd3 | Napoleon | Bonaparte began with an army of 13,000 men; 1,500 were reported missing, 1,200 died in combat, and thousands perished from disease—mostly bubonic plague. He failed to reduce the fortress of Acre, so he marched his army back to Egypt in May. To speed up the retreat, Bonaparte ordered plague-stricken men to be poisoned w... | What disease took the heaviest toll on Napoleon's army? | What disease took the heaviest toll on Napoleon's army? | [
"What disease took the heaviest toll on Napoleon's army?"
] | {
"text": [
"bubonic plague"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99280 | 573045e4b2c2fd1400568b4e | 51st_state | On May 15, 2013, Resident Commissioner Pierluisi introduced H.R. 2000 to Congress to "set forth the process for Puerto Rico to be admitted as a state of the Union," asking for Congress to vote on ratifying Puerto Rico as the 51st state. On February 12, 2014, Senator Martin Heinrich introduced a bill in the US Senate. T... | What would happen in the event of a yes vote in this referendum? | What would happen in the event of a yes vote in this referendum? | [
"What would happen in the event of a yes vote in this referendum?"
] | {
"text": [
"the president would be asked to submit legislation to Congress to admit Puerto Rico as a state"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8633 | 5acdf3b332bba1001ae498c4 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. It was, by 1961, the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the Volga-Urals region and Siberia, trailing only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 i... | What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961? | What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961? | [
"What two countries produced less petroleum than Russia in 1961?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35310 | 5726a0f0dd62a815002e8b6e | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is Romanesque architecture known as in England? | What is Romanesque architecture known as in England? | [
"What is Romanesque architecture known as in England?"
] | {
"text": [
"Norman architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69743 | 573029cd947a6a140053d1f0 | Windows_8 | Task Manager has been redesigned, including a new processes tab with the option to display fewer or more details of running applications and background processes, a heat map using different colors indicating the level of resource usage, network and disk counters, grouping by process type (e.g. applications, background ... | What is the point of using different colors on a heat map? | What is the point of using different colors on a heat map? | [
"What is the point of using different colors on a heat map?"
] | {
"text": [
"indicating the level of resource usage"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54956 | 570d395db3d812140066d580 | Macintosh | Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-sp... | At what speed do programs such as VirtualBox allow Microsoft Windows to run on Macs? | At what speed do programs such as VirtualBox allow Microsoft Windows to run on Macs? | [
"At what speed do programs such as VirtualBox allow Microsoft Windows to run on Macs?"
] | {
"text": [
"at near native speed"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9714 | 5725e62789a1e219009ac06b | Montevideo | Located in Cordon, St.Brendan´s school, before named St.Catherine´s is a non-profit civil association, which has a solid institutional culture with a clear vision of the future. It is knowned for being one of the best schools in the country, joining students from the wealthiest parts of Montevideo, such us, Punta Carre... | What was St. Brendan's school previously named? | What was St. Brendan's school previously named? | [
"What was St. Brendan's school previously named?"
] | {
"text": [
"St.Catherine´s"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75236 | 572867b23acd2414000df9ac | Labour_Party_(UK) | The government collapsed after only nine months when the Liberals voted for a Select Committee inquiry into the Campbell Case, a vote which MacDonald had declared to be a vote of confidence. The ensuing 1924 general election saw the publication, four days before polling day, of the Zinoviev letter, in which Moscow talk... | After how long did the government collapse? | After how long did the government collapse? | [
"After how long did the government collapse?"
] | {
"text": [
"nine months"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49852 | 56cd8d1462d2951400fa66bb | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | With the example of the Ming court's relationship with the fifth Karmapa and other Tibetan leaders, Norbu states that Chinese Communist historians have failed to realize the significance of the religious aspect of the Ming-Tibetan relationship. He writes that the meetings of lamas with the Emperor of China were exchang... | Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? | Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet? | [
"Who believe that the Ming dynasty did not exercise any direct political control over Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Josef Kolmaš"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50110 | 5a820bf031013a001a33513d | Phonology | An important part of traditional, pre-generative schools of phonology is studying which sounds can be grouped into distinctive units within a language; these units are known as phonemes. For example, in English, the "p" sound in pot is aspirated (pronounced [pʰ]) while that in spot is not aspirated (pronounced [p]). Ho... | What is the opposite of phoneme? | What is the opposite of phoneme? | [
"What is the opposite of phoneme?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5130 | 56e15993cd28a01900c67803 | Boston | There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Four... | What event occurs on New Year's Eve? | What event occurs on New Year's Eve? | [
"What event occurs on New Year's Eve?"
] | {
"text": [
"First Night"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102931 | 5acd211a07355d001abf35fe | Unicode | The same character converted to UTF-8 becomes the byte sequence EF BB BF. The Unicode Standard allows that the BOM "can serve as signature for UTF-8 encoded text where the character set is unmarked". Some software developers have adopted it for other encodings, including UTF-8, in an attempt to distinguish UTF-8 from l... | BOM can not replace what kind of UTF-8 text? | BOM can not replace what kind of UTF-8 text? | [
"BOM can not replace what kind of UTF-8 text?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89494 | 572f785e04bcaa1900d769c0 | The_Blitz | Although not specifically prepared to conduct independent strategic air operations against an opponent, the Luftwaffe was expected to do so over Britain. From July until September 1940 the Luftwaffe attacked RAF Fighter Command to gain air superiority as a prelude to invasion. This involved the bombing of English Chann... | Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command? | Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command? | [
"Why did the Luftwaffe bomb the RAF Fighter Command?"
] | {
"text": [
"to gain air superiority"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40677 | 59fc0c6da9fb160018f10d7e | Communication | Nonverbal communication describes the process of conveying meaning in the form of non-word messages. Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expression, eye contact, and how one dresses. Nonverbal communication also relates to intent of ... | What percentage of human communication occurs through foot tapping? | What percentage of human communication occurs through foot tapping? | [
"What percentage of human communication occurs through foot tapping?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94425 | 5a5d75f35e8782001a9d5f3c | Cork_(city) | There are a variety of watersports in Cork, including rowing and sailing. There are five rowing clubs training on the river Lee, including Shandon BC, UCC RC, Pres RC, Lee RC, and Cork BC. Naomhóga Chorcaí is a rowing club whose members row traditional naomhóga on the Lee in occasional competitions. The "Ocean to City"... | What has reduced numbers involved rowing? | What has reduced numbers involved rowing? | [
"What has reduced numbers involved rowing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8619 | 56e098f17aa994140058e610 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The RSFSR was established on November 7, 1917 (October Revolution) as a sovereign state. The first Constitution was adopted in 1918. In 1922 the Russian SFSR signed the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR. | What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR? | What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR? | [
"What event led to the establishment of the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [
"October Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108650 | 572c9ab62babe914003c29a5 | Tennessee | During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the wh... | In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax? | In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax? | [
"In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax?"
] | {
"text": [
"1880s"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53997 | 5ad3834d604f3c001a3fe4df | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Since 1947, Canadian military units have participated in more than 200 operations worldwide, and completed 72 international operations. Canadian soldiers, sailors, and aviators came to be considered world-class professionals through conspicuous service during these conflicts and the country's integral participation in ... | What military units have completed more than 200 operations worldwide? | What military units have completed more than 200 operations worldwide? | [
"What military units have completed more than 200 operations worldwide?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61258 | 5a3abfc23ff257001ab8424b | Flowering_plant | The flowering plants (angiosperms), also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants, with about 350,000 species. Like gymnosperms, angiosperms are seed-producing plants; they are distinguished from gymnosperms by characteristics including flowers, endosperm within the seeds, and t... | Where does the term gymnosperm originate? | Where does the term gymnosperm originate? | [
"Where does the term gymnosperm originate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21418 | 56e6de2cde9d3714000680b5 | Adult_contemporary_music | Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmi... | Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience? | Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience? | [
"Along with urban and rhythmic dance tracks, what genre is featured on hot AC stations with a younger audience?"
] | {
"text": [
"teen pop"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94117 | 5a5d280f5e8782001a9d5e94 | Cork_(city) | Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. Cork Airport records an average of 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) of precipitation annually, most of which is rain. The airport records an average of 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the y... | Where is there an annual average of 4.029 ft of rain recorded? | Where is there an annual average of 4.029 ft of rain recorded? | [
"Where is there an annual average of 4.029 ft of rain recorded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91147 | 5726b5a9f1498d1400e8e85a | Avicenna | Ibn Sina created an extensive corpus of works during what is commonly known as the Islamic Golden Age, in which the translations of Greco-Roman, Persian, and Indian texts were studied extensively. Greco-Roman (Mid- and Neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian) texts translated by the Kindi school were commented, redacted and dev... | What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world? | What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world? | [
"What city was known as a cultural capital of the Islamic world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baghdad"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59331 | 5a20a62e8a6e4f001aa08e03 | Alloy | The term pewter covers a variety of alloys consisting primarily of tin. As a pure metal, tin was much too soft to be used for any practical purpose. However, in the Bronze age, tin was a rare metal and, in many parts of Europe and the Mediterranean, was often valued higher than gold. To make jewelry, forks and spoons, ... | What was tend to rare to be used for? | What was tend to rare to be used for? | [
"What was tend to rare to be used for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6020 | 5ad0212077cf76001a686b06 | Late_Middle_Ages | Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particul... | When did the Medieval Warm Period start? | When did the Medieval Warm Period start? | [
"When did the Medieval Warm Period start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93526 | 5728442cff5b5019007da055 | Estonia | In the first centuries AD, political and administrative subdivisions began to emerge in Estonia. Two larger subdivisions appeared: the province (Estonian: kihelkond) and the land (Estonian: maakond). Several elderships or villages made up a province. Nearly all provinces had at least one fortress. The king or other hig... | What type of structure did most provinces have? | What type of structure did most provinces have? | [
"What type of structure did most provinces have?"
] | {
"text": [
"fortress"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31005 | 5726cd44dd62a815002e90ac | Mexico_City | A special case is that of El Colegio Nacional, created during the district's governmental period of Miguel Alemán Valdés to have, in Mexico, an institution similar to the College of France. The select and privileged group of Mexican scientists and artists belonging to this institution—membership is for life—include, am... | Who created El Colegio Nacional? | Who created El Colegio Nacional? | [
"Who created El Colegio Nacional?"
] | {
"text": [
"Miguel Alemán Valdés"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111179 | 57319760e99e3014001e6174 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Rome had a semi-divine ancestor in the Trojan refugee Aeneas, son of Venus, who was said to have established the nucleus of Roman religion when he brought the Palladium, Lares and Penates from Troy to Italy. These objects were believed in historical times to remain in the keeping of the Vestals, Rome's female priesthoo... | What mythical figure did the Romans consider to be semi-divine? | What mythical figure did the Romans consider to be semi-divine? | [
"What mythical figure did the Romans consider to be semi-divine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aeneas"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100857 | 572f82cc947a6a140053c9e9 | Post-punk | At the turn of the 21st century, a post-punk revival developed in British and American alternative and indie rock, which soon started appearing in other countries, as well. The earliest sign of a revival was the emergence of various underground bands in the mid-'90s. However, the first commercially successful bands – t... | When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene? | When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene? | [
"When did the commercially successful post-punk bands begin to hit the scene?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 1990s to early 2000s"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14940 | 573369bd4776f41900660a6a | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead also described religion more technically as "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone." In other words, religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truth... | What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion? | What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion? | [
"What was Whitehead's technical definition of religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone.\""
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103444 | 5ad2c7e1d7d075001a42a1e6 | Multiracial_American | Some early male settlers married Indigenous American women and had informal unions with them. Early contact between Indigenous Americans and Europeans was often charged with tension, but also had moments of friendship, cooperation, and intimacy. Marriages took place in both English and Latin colonies between European m... | Where did no marriages take place between European men and Native women? | Where did no marriages take place between European men and Native women? | [
"Where did no marriages take place between European men and Native women?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101518 | 56d99aa4dc89441400fdb5b8 | Dog | In 1758, the taxonomist Linnaeus published in Systema Naturae a categorization of species which included the Canis species. Canis is a Latin word meaning dog, and the list included the dog-like carnivores: the domestic dog, wolves, foxes and jackals. The dog was classified as Canis familiaris, which means "Dog-family" ... | What is the Latin word for dog? | What is the Latin word for dog? | [
"What is the Latin word for dog?"
] | {
"text": [
"Canis"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16510 | 57319054a5e9cc1400cdc09e | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following his ascension to power, Gaddafi moved into the Bab al-Azizia barracks, a six-mile long fortified compound located two miles from the center of Tripoli. His home and office at Azizia was a bunker designed by West German engineers, while the rest of his family lived in a large two-story building. Within the com... | Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home? | Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home? | [
"Who designed Gaddafi's Azizia home?"
] | {
"text": [
"West German engineers"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40532 | 5ad69060191832001aa7b211 | Paper | Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper. | Standard paper sizes are never described with what terms? | Standard paper sizes are never described with what terms? | [
" Standard paper sizes are never described with what terms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98856 | 5a5acfc49c0277001abe71a3 | Heresy | In Eastern Christianity heresy most commonly refers to those beliefs declared heretical by the first seven Ecumenical Councils.[citation needed] Since the Great Schism and the Protestant Reformation, various Christian churches have also used the concept in proceedings against individuals and groups those churches deeme... | What caused the Great Schism? | What caused the Great Schism? | [
"What caused the Great Schism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55348 | 5727e0d93acd2414000deec1 | Baptists | Baptists have faced many controversies in their 400-year history, controversies of the level of crises. Baptist historian Walter Shurden says the word "crisis" comes from the Greek word meaning "to decide." Shurden writes that contrary to the presumed negative view of crises, some controversies that reach a crisis leve... | What did Shurden claim was never ideal, has often produced positive results? | What did Shurden claim was never ideal, has often produced positive results? | [
"What did Shurden claim was never ideal, has often produced positive results?"
] | {
"text": [
"controversies that have shaped Baptists"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.