gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-51642 | 57069d6f75f01819005e7c57 | New_Delhi | In 2007, the Japanese Buddhist organisation Nipponzan Myohoji decided to build a Peace Pagoda in the city containing Buddha relics. It was inaugurated by the current Dalai Lama. | The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure? | The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure? | [
"The Peace Pagoda built in New Delhi by the Nipponzan Myohoji was inaugurated by which prominent figure?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dalai Lama"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48715 | 57284d5f3acd2414000df8d9 | War_on_Terror | The USA PATRIOT Act of October 2001 dramatically reduces restrictions on law enforcement agencies' ability to search telephone, e-mail communications, medical, financial, and other records; eases restrictions on foreign intelligence gathering within the United States; expands the Secretary of the Treasury's authority t... | When was the Patriot Act passed? | When was the Patriot Act passed? | [
"When was the Patriot Act passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"October 2001"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58607 | 570e6b020b85d914000d7eb8 | Sanskrit | In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millenni... | Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries? | Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries? | [
"Sanskrit came from the north west and traveled to what present day countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"India and Pakistan"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22739 | 5727c73cff5b5019007d94fd | Exhibition_game | High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school ... | What are two examples of high school football all-star games? | What are two examples of high school football all-star games? | [
"What are two examples of high school football all-star games?"
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. Army All-American Bowl and Under Armour All-America Game"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89845 | 57305b4f2461fd1900a9cdc8 | The_Blitz | In other cities, class conflict was more evident. Over a quarter of London's population had left the city by November 1940. Civilians left for more remote areas of the country. Upsurges in population south Wales and Gloucester intimated where these displaced people went. Other reasons, including industry dispersal may ... | What locations saw an increase in populations? | What locations saw an increase in populations? | [
"What locations saw an increase in populations?"
] | {
"text": [
"south Wales and Gloucester"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111812 | 5acd85d807355d001abf4572 | Education | At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impa... | Who did not influence earnings related to school? | Who did not influence earnings related to school? | [
"Who did not influence earnings related to school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9263 | 57326b24b9d445190005eb11 | The_Bronx | The Bronx has several local newspapers, including The Bronx News, Parkchester News, City News, The Riverdale Press, Riverdale Review, The Bronx Times Reporter, Inner City Press (which now has more of a focus on national issues) and Co-Op City Times. Four non-profit news outlets, Norwood News, Mount Hope Monitor, Mott ... | Where did Stein graduate from? | Where did Stein graduate from? | [
"Where did Stein graduate from?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bronx High School of Science"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32169 | 572901ec1d04691400778f57 | Myanmar | Myanmar is home to four major language families: Sino-Tibetan, Tai–Kadai, Austro-Asiatic, and Indo-European. Sino-Tibetan languages are most widely spoken. They include Burmese, Karen, Kachin, Chin, and Chinese (mainly Hokkien). The primary Tai–Kadai language is Shan. Mon, Palaung, and Wa are the major Austroasiatic la... | How many different types of dictionaries could you potentially need to cover all the languages spoken in Myanmar | How many different types of dictionaries could you potentially need to cover all the languages spoken in Myanmar | [
"How many different types of dictionaries could you potentially need to cover all the languages spoken in Myanmar "
] | {
"text": [
"there are more than 130 languages spoken by people in Myanmar"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24809 | 56cf2c48aab44d1400b88dc5 | New_York_City | In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of ... | What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land? | What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land? | [
"What city was rated as having the best park system by The Trust for Public Land?"
] | {
"text": [
"Minneapolis"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75628 | 5727a5f04b864d190016395f | Cubism | Cubism and modern European art was introduced into the United States at the now legendary 1913 Armory Show in New York City, which then traveled to Chicago and Boston. In the Armory show Pablo Picasso exhibited La Femme au pot de moutarde (1910), the sculpture Head of a Woman (Fernande) (1909–10), Les Arbres (1907) amo... | What 1910 piece did Albert Gleizes present in that show that introduced Cubism to the USA? | What 1910 piece did Albert Gleizes present in that show that introduced Cubism to the USA? | [
"What 1910 piece did Albert Gleizes present in that show that introduced Cubism to the USA? "
] | {
"text": [
"La Femme aux phlox"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88134 | 5a3c86ebcc5d22001a521df6 | God | Likewise, Émile Durkheim was one of the earliest to suggest that gods represent an extension of human social life to include supernatural beings. In line with this reasoning, psychologist Matt Rossano contends that when humans began living in larger groups, they may have created gods as a means of enforcing morality. I... | What concept did Matt Rossano suggest earlier than others? | What concept did Matt Rossano suggest earlier than others? | [
"What concept did Matt Rossano suggest earlier than others?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37932 | 572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c1 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place? | In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place? | [
"In which year did The Battle of Pharsalus take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"48 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48353 | 56fa50008f12f3190063011b | Wood | Engineered wood products, glued building products "engineered" for application-specific performance requirements, are often used in construction and industrial applications. Glued engineered wood products are manufactured by bonding together wood strands, veneers, lumber or other forms of wood fiber with glue to form a... | What requirements do engineered wood products meet? | What requirements do engineered wood products meet? | [
"What requirements do engineered wood products meet?"
] | {
"text": [
"application-specific performance requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35005 | 5a8cd168fd22b3001a8d8ee1 | Memory | While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memor... | The short-term memory which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where' is episodic what? | The short-term memory which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where' is episodic what? | [
"The short-term memory which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where' is episodic what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9506 | 5725b9b589a1e219009abd80 | Montevideo | During the May Revolution of 1810 and the subsequent uprising of the provinces of Rio de la Plata, the Spanish colonial government moved to Montevideo. During that year and the next, Uruguayan revolutionary José Gervasio Artigas united with others from Buenos Aires against Spain. In 1811, the forces deployed by the Jun... | After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? | After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? | [
"After the Revolution of 1810 there was a subsequent uprising of what provinces? "
] | {
"text": [
"Rio de la Plata"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59742 | 5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859cd | Zhejiang | Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond whic... | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the southwest? | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the southwest? | [
" Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the southwest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101482 | 56d99788dc89441400fdb581 | Dog | The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. | How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred? | How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred? | [
"How long has the domestic dog been selectively bred?"
] | {
"text": [
"millennia"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90425 | 5727e4f84b864d1900163f7d | Tibet | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | What does the plan call for all rural Tibetan children to receive for free? | What does the plan call for all rural Tibetan children to receive for free? | [
"What does the plan call for all rural Tibetan children to receive for free?"
] | {
"text": [
"education"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12664 | 5ad2f254604f3c001a3fda2e | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal bishops (cardinals of the episcopal order) are among the most senior prelates of the Catholic Church. Though in modern times most cardinals are also bishops, the term "cardinal bishop" only refers to the cardinals who are titular bishops of one of the "suburbicarian" sees. | What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order? | What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order? | [
"What is a cardinal of the Benedictine order?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4629 | 572806282ca10214002d9bd8 | Pope_John_XXIII | On 10 May 1963, John XXIII received the Balzan Prize in private at the Vatican but deflected achievements of himself to the five popes of his lifetime, Pope Leo XIII to Pius XII. On 11 May, the Italian President Antonio Segni officially awarded Pope John XXIII with the Balzan Prize for his engagement for peace. While i... | John XXIII received what prize on 10 May 1963? | John XXIII received what prize on 10 May 1963? | [
"John XXIII received what prize on 10 May 1963?"
] | {
"text": [
"Balzan Prize"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43819 | 56d109f317492d1400aab7cd | Kanye_West | West's life took a different direction when his mother, Donda West, died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction in November 2007. Months later, West and fiancée Alexis Phifer ended their engagement and their long-term intermittent relationship, which had begun in 2002. The ... | In what state did Kanye West record them majority of his fourth album? | In what state did Kanye West record them majority of his fourth album? | [
"In what state did Kanye West record them majority of his fourth album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hawaii"
],
"answer_start": [
799
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70874 | 57320b3b0fdd8d15006c670a | Bird | Many sleeping birds bend their heads over their backs and tuck their bills in their back feathers, although others place their beaks among their breast feathers. Many birds rest on one leg, while some may pull up their legs into their feathers, especially in cold weather. Perching birds have a tendon locking mechanism ... | Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost? | Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost? | [
"Where do many ground birds, such as quails and pheasants, roost?"
] | {
"text": [
"in trees"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58592 | 570e68a80b85d914000d7e9c | Sanskrit | Sanskrit, as defined by Pāṇini, evolved out of the earlier Vedic form. The present form of Vedic Sanskrit can be traced back to as early as the second millennium BCE (for Rig-vedic). Scholars often distinguish Vedic Sanskrit and Classical or "Pāṇinian" Sanskrit as separate dialects. Though they are quite similar, they ... | What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as? | What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as? | [
"What is Vedic Sanskrit meant to be used as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Vedas"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107258 | 57351496879d6814001cab0f | Hunting | A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented cam... | What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek? | What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek? | [
"What type of accommodations does the average photographer touring Tanzania seek?"
] | {
"text": [
"luxury"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10941 | 5733ab114776f41900660fb6 | Anthropology | Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of compara... | What philosophical perspective did Waitz hold? | What philosophical perspective did Waitz hold? | [
"What philosophical perspective did Waitz hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"an animist"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17067 | 5725d3e4271a42140099d272 | Israel | The most popular spectator sports in Israel are association football and basketball. The Israeli Premier League is the country's premier football league, and the Israeli Basketball Super League is the premier basketball league. Maccabi Haifa, Maccabi Tel Aviv, Hapoel Tel Aviv and Beitar Jerusalem are the largest sports... | What is the country's premier football league? | What is the country's premier football league? | [
"What is the country's premier football league?"
] | {
"text": [
"Israeli Premier League"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102824 | 5acd0faf07355d001abf32cf | Unicode | Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that th... | What is the limitation of unicode globally? | What is the limitation of unicode globally? | [
"What is the limitation of unicode globally?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10880 | 56fe022c19033b140034ce34 | Computer | Historically, computers evolved from mechanical computers and eventually from vacuum tubes to transistors. However, conceptually computational systems as flexible as a personal computer can be built out of almost anything. For example, a computer can be made out of billiard balls (billiard ball computer); an often quot... | Transistors are typically made up of what today? | Transistors are typically made up of what today? | [
"Transistors are typically made up of what today?"
] | {
"text": [
"photolithographed semiconductors"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37982 | 57300e8a04bcaa1900d770c5 | Roman_Republic | In the final decades of this era many plebeians grew poorer. The long military campaigns had forced citizens to leave their farms to fight, while their farms fell into disrepair. The landed aristocracy began buying bankrupted farms at discounted prices. As commodity prices fell, many farmers could no longer operate the... | Who had bought the now bankrupt farms? | Who had bought the now bankrupt farms? | [
"Who had bought the now bankrupt farms?"
] | {
"text": [
"landed aristocracy"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63424 | 5a7a390f17ab25001a8a03c3 | Buckingham_Palace | By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balc... | What is considered the private nose of the palace? | What is considered the private nose of the palace? | [
"What is considered the private nose of the palace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112818 | 5a70d3ef8abb0b001a6761bd | Xbox_360 | Xbox Live Arcade is an online service operated by Microsoft that is used to distribute downloadable video games to Xbox and Xbox 360 owners. In addition to classic arcade games such as Ms. Pac-Man, the service offers some new original games like Assault Heroes. The Xbox Live Arcade also features games from other consol... | What games were released as part of the Game Room? | What games were released as part of the Game Room? | [
"What games were released as part of the Game Room?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114467 | 570a604f6d058f1900182dec | Emotion | In the late 19th century, the most influential theorists were William James (1842–1910) and Carl Lange (1834–1900). James was an American psychologist and philosopher who wrote about educational psychology, psychology of religious experience/mysticism, and the philosophy of pragmatism. Lange was a Danish physician and ... | Along with William James, who was an influential 19th century theorist? | Along with William James, who was an influential 19th century theorist? | [
"Along with William James, who was an influential 19th century theorist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carl Lange"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101788 | 56d632371c85041400946fe4 | Dog | A Colorado study found bites in children were less severe than bites in adults. The incidence of dog bites in the US is 12.9 per 10,000 inhabitants, but for boys aged 5 to 9, the incidence rate is 60.7 per 10,000. Moreover, children have a much higher chance to be bitten in the face or neck. Sharp claws with powerful m... | A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition? | A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition? | [
"A dog scratch can lead to what medical condition?"
] | {
"text": [
"infections."
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19618 | 5ad5fea45b96ef001a10afe0 | Comprehensive_school | The first comprehensives were set up after the Second World War. In 1946, for example, Walworth School was one of five 'experimental' comprehensive schools set up by the London County Council Another early comprehensive school was Holyhead County School in Anglesey in 1949. Other early examples of comprehensive schools... | Which uncomprehensive school openend in coventry? | Which uncomprehensive school openend in coventry? | [
"Which uncomprehensive school openend in coventry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81587 | 57060ece75f01819005e791c | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The first road connecting the city to the mainland at Pleasantville was completed in 1870 and charged a 30-cent toll. Albany Avenue was the first road to the mainland that was available without a toll. | How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland? | How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland? | [
"How much of a toll was charged on the first road to connect Atlantic City to the mainland?"
] | {
"text": [
"30-cent"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25867 | 570978be200fba140036803b | Copper | Most copper is mined or extracted as copper sulfides from large open pit mines in porphyry copper deposits that contain 0.4 to 1.0% copper. Examples include Chuquicamata in Chile, Bingham Canyon Mine in Utah, United States and El Chino Mine in New Mexico, United States. According to the British Geological Survey, in 20... | What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted? | What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted? | [
"What percentage of copper do the deposits have that are extracted?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.4 to 1.0% copper"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67146 | 57270755708984140094d8b8 | Nutrition | In the US, nutritional standards and recommendations are established jointly by the US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary and physical activity guidelines from the USDA are presented in the concept of MyPlate, which superseded the food pyramid, which replaced the Four Food... | The USDA's effort sand actions are overseen by which governmental committee? | The USDA's effort sand actions are overseen by which governmental committee? | [
"The USDA's effort sand actions are overseen by which governmental committee?"
] | {
"text": [
"Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry Committee"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51592 | 5706899e75f01819005e7bea | New_Delhi | The Delhi Flying Club, established in 1928 with two de Havilland Moth aircraft named Delhi and Roshanara, was based at Safdarjung Airport which started operations in 1929, when it was the Delhi's only airport and the second in India. The airport functioned until 2001, however in January 2002 the government closed the a... | In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns? | In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns? | [
"In what year did the government close Safdarjung Airport due to security concerns?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103899 | 573425f84776f4190066196b | Montana | Tracks of the Northern Pacific Railroad (NPR) reached Montana from the west in 1881 and from the east in 1882. However, the railroad played a major role in sparking tensions with Native American tribes in the 1870s. Jay Cooke, the NPR president launched major surveys into the Yellowstone valley in 1871, 1872 and 1873 w... | What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull? | What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull? | [
"What years were the railroad challenged by Chief Sitting Bull?"
] | {
"text": [
"1871, 1872 and 1873"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22900 | 5735bca5dc94161900571f7b | Kathmandu | Believers in Pashupatinath (mainly Hindus) are allowed to enter the temple premises, but non-Hindu visitors are allowed to view the temple only from the across the Bagmati River. The priests who perform the services at this temple have been Brahmins from Karnataka, South India since the time of Malla king Yaksha Malla.... | What is another term for Bharatam? | What is another term for Bharatam? | [
"What is another term for Bharatam?"
] | {
"text": [
"Unified India"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85498 | 57282bdcff5b5019007d9e7e | European_Central_Bank | The bank must also co-operate within the EU and internationally with third bodies and entities. Finally, it contributes to maintaining a stable financial system and monitoring the banking sector. The latter can be seen, for example, in the bank's intervention during the subprime mortgage crisis when it loaned billions ... | When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility? | When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility? | [
"When did the ECB and Federal Rserve decide to collaborate on Term auction facility?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2007"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86162 | 57303bcda23a5019007fcfd2 | Tucson,_Arizona | The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3. It typically continues through August and sometimes into September. During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. It begins with clouds building up from the south in the early afternoon foll... | How much can a motorist be charged for needing to be rescued after ignoring safety precautions? | How much can a motorist be charged for needing to be rescued after ignoring safety precautions? | [
"How much can a motorist be charged for needing to be rescued after ignoring safety precautions? "
] | {
"text": [
"2000"
],
"answer_start": [
1020
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56745 | 5727ae913acd2414000de980 | Gramophone_record | In 1925, 78.26 rpm was chosen as the standard because of the introduction of the electrically powered synchronous turntable motor. This motor ran at 3600 rpm, such that a 46:1 gear ratio would produce 78.26 rpm. In parts of the world that used 50 Hz current, the standard was 77.92 rpm (3,000 rpm with a 77:2 ratio), whi... | In what year was 78.26 rpm chosen as standard? | In what year was 78.26 rpm chosen as standard? | [
"In what year was 78.26 rpm chosen as standard?"
] | {
"text": [
"1925"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116248 | 573401aa4776f419006616b0 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab has the largest economy in Pakistan, contributing most to the national GDP. The province's economy has quadrupled since 1972. Its share of Pakistan's GDP was 54.7% in 2000 and 59% as of 2010. It is especially dominant in the service and agriculture sectors of Pakistan's economy. With its contribution ranging fro... | How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000? | How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000? | [
"How much of Pakistan's GDP came from Punjab in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"54.7%"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15795 | 5a82f50de60761001a2eb255 | Infection | One way of proving that a given disease is "infectious", is to satisfy Koch's postulates (first proposed by Robert Koch), which demands that the infectious agent be identified only in patients and not in healthy controls, and that patients who contract the agent also develop the disease. These postulates were first use... | What is no longer the causative spirochete of syphilis? | What is no longer the causative spirochete of syphilis? | [
"What is no longer the causative spirochete of syphilis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16738 | 572a8d8e111d821400f38bed | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1932, Hayek suggested that private investment in the public markets was a better road to wealth and economic co-ordination in Britain than government spending programs, as argued in a letter he co-signed with Lionel Robbins and others in an exchange of letters with John Maynard Keynes in The Times. The nearly decade... | With whom did Hayek disagree with publicly? | With whom did Hayek disagree with publicly? | [
"With whom did Hayek disagree with publicly?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Maynard Keynes"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55497 | 57266d3b5951b619008f7259 | Presbyterianism | The Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) has adopted the Book of Confessions, which reflects the inclusion of other Reformed confessions in addition to the Westminster Standards. These other documents include ancient creedal statements (the Nicene Creed, the Apostles' Creed), 16th-century Reformed confessions (the Scots Confes... | Which book has the Presbyterian church of America adopted? | Which book has the Presbyterian church of America adopted? | [
"Which book has the Presbyterian church of America adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"Book of Confessions"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28052 | 57318ca7497a88190024901d | Steven_Spielberg | While still a student, he was offered a small unpaid intern job at Universal Studios with the editing department. He was later given the opportunity to make a short film for theatrical release, the 26-minute, 35mm, Amblin', which he wrote and directed. Studio vice president Sidney Sheinberg was impressed by the film, w... | How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg? | How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg? | [
"How long of a contract did Sheinberg give Spielberg?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven-year"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23526 | 5731da10e17f3d14004224a1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Relaxed zoning rules and special parking privileges for churches, the tax-free status of church property, the fact that Christmas is a federal holiday, etc., have also been questioned, but have been considered examples of the governmental prerogative in deciding practical and beneficial arrangements for the society. Th... | What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism? | What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism? | [
"What has the Supreme Court ruled about ceremonial deism?"
] | {
"text": [
"not religious in nature"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80487 | 572678305951b619008f7395 | Data_compression | Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not chang... | What usually exploits statistical redundancy? | What usually exploits statistical redundancy? | [
"What usually exploits statistical redundancy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lossless data compression algorithms"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9985 | 572821723acd2414000df529 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In the fall of 1958, Nasser formed a tripartite committee consisting of Zakaria Mohieddin, al-Hawrani, and Salah Bitar to oversee developments in Syria. By moving the latter two, who were Ba'athists, to Cairo, he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run. He put Syria... | Who did Lebanon elect in 1958? | Who did Lebanon elect in 1958? | [
"Who did Lebanon elect in 1958?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fuad Chehab"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62624 | 5a7b96bd21c2de001afea187 | Software_testing | Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team known as beta testers. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can en... | What is the term for the public test that continues for a definite amount of time? | What is the term for the public test that continues for a definite amount of time? | [
"What is the term for the public test that continues for a definite amount of time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41186 | 573173d8497a881900248f0d | Egypt | The Pew Forum on Religion & Public Life ranks Egypt as the fifth worst country in the world for religious freedom. The United States Commission on International Religious Freedom, a bipartisan independent agency of the US government, has placed Egypt on its watch list of countries that require close monitoring due to t... | What violation could result in stoning and was supported by 82% of Egyptian responders? | What violation could result in stoning and was supported by 82% of Egyptian responders? | [
"What violation could result in stoning and was supported by 82% of Egyptian responders?"
] | {
"text": [
"adultery"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61847 | 572a7282fed8de19000d5c1a | Madrasa | Much of the study in the madrasah college centred on examining whether certain opinions of law were orthodox. This scholarly process of "determining orthodoxy began with a question which the Muslim layman, called in that capacity mustaftī, presented to a jurisconsult, called mufti, soliciting from him a response, calle... | What is ijtihad? | What is ijtihad? | [
"What is ijtihad?"
] | {
"text": [
"process of scholarly research"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11137 | 5ad2f0fa604f3c001a3fda18 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interpla... | What investigates the interplay between culture and food security? | What investigates the interplay between culture and food security? | [
"What investigates the interplay between culture and food security?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42585 | 571008d5a58dae1900cd67eb | Sexual_orientation | The Kinsey scale provides a classification of sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or psychic response in one's history at a given time. The classification scheme works such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the heterosexual and hom... | How does the classifiacation scheme work on the Kinsey scale? | How does the classifiacation scheme work on the Kinsey scale? | [
"How does the classifiacation scheme work on the Kinsey scale?"
] | {
"text": [
"such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the heterosexual and homosexual elements in their histories"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58415 | 5a298deb03c0e7001a3e17e6 | Sanskrit | Over 90 weeklies, fortnightlies and quarterlies are published in Sanskrit. Sudharma, a daily newspaper in Sanskrit, has been published out of Mysore, India, since 1970, while Sanskrit Vartman Patram and Vishwasya Vrittantam started in Gujarat during the last five years. Since 1974, there has been a short daily news bro... | What first appeared in Sanskrit on All India Radio in 1970? | What first appeared in Sanskrit on All India Radio in 1970? | [
"What first appeared in Sanskrit on All India Radio in 1970?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67119 | 5726ff1cf1498d1400e8f1f0 | Nutrition | Animal tissue consists of elements and compounds ingested, digested, absorbed, and circulated through the bloodstream to feed the cells of the body. Except in the unborn fetus, the digestive system is the first system involved[vague]. Digestive juices break chemical bonds in ingested molecules, and modify their conform... | Through what part of the body are nutrients transported to feed cells? | Through what part of the body are nutrients transported to feed cells? | [
"Through what part of the body are nutrients transported to feed cells?"
] | {
"text": [
"bloodstream"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14117 | 56f96f189e9bad19000a0903 | Brain | Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are released at synapses when an action potential activates them—neurotransmitters attach themselves to receptor molecules on the membrane of the synapse's target cell, and thereby alter the electrical or chemical properties of the receptor molecules. With few exceptions, each neuro... | Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule? | Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule? | [
"Neurons that release the same chemicals are following what rule?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dale's principle"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86408 | 570ce79dfed7b91900d45ab3 | Gymnastics | In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during ... | What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores? | What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores? | [
"What is a critical skill in terms of execution in scores?"
] | {
"text": [
"landing"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99329 | 57307298396df9190009610b | 51st_state | In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense... | When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted? | When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted? | [
"When was the Canada-US Free Trade Agreement enacted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1988"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2480 | 56d23abcb329da140004ec28 | Buddhism | The precepts are not formulated as imperatives, but as training rules that laypeople undertake voluntarily to facilitate practice. In Buddhist thought, the cultivation of dana and ethical conduct themselves refine consciousness to such a level that rebirth in one of the lower heavens is likely, even if there is no furt... | Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely? | Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely? | [
"Even if there is no further Buddhist practice, what heavens is still likely?"
] | {
"text": [
"lower"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64600 | 5733deb64776f419006613cf | Portugal | Despite the fact that humans have occupied the territory of Portugal for thousands of years, something still remains of the original vegetation. In Gerês both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found, an extremely rare worldwide mature mediterranean forest remain in some parts of the Arrábida mountain and a subtro... | What wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in Portugal? | What wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in Portugal? | [
"What wild animal was recently found roaming urban areas in Portugal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boars"
],
"answer_start": [
721
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83682 | 5acd8a4707355d001abf4678 | Florida | Florida had become a burden to Spain, which could not afford to send settlers or garrisons. Madrid therefore decided to cede the territory to the United States through the Adams-Onís Treaty, which took effect in 1821. President James Monroe was authorized on March 3, 1821 to take possession of East Florida and West Flo... | What president took possession of North and South Florida? | What president took possession of North and South Florida? | [
"What president took possession of North and South Florida?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1145 | 572ec920cb0c0d14000f155c | Endangered_Species_Act | Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for development of programs for management of threatened and endangered species by state wildlife agencies. Subsequently, lists of endangered and threatened species within their boundaries have been prepared by each state. These state lists often include species ... | Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for what purpose? | Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for what purpose? | [
"Section 6 of the Endangered Species Act provided funding for what purpose?"
] | {
"text": [
"development of programs for management of threatened and endangered species by state wildlife agencies"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42531 | 570fa65280d9841400ab360a | Sexual_orientation | Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexu... | Are the patterns related to orientation? | Are the patterns related to orientation? | [
"Are the patterns related to orientation?"
] | {
"text": [
"independent of their sexual orientations"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100424 | 5acd4a1c07355d001abf3c15 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an incl... | Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which year? | Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which year? | [
"Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61650 | 5a627fe1f8d794001af1c068 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Bannerman Park is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown. The park was officially opened in 1891 by Sir Alexander Bannerman, Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland who donated the land to create the park. Today the park contains a public swimming pool, playground, a baseball diamond and many large open grassy... | What modern park is located downtown? | What modern park is located downtown? | [
"What modern park is located downtown?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7868 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a686017 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have disting... | What haven't courts said there is a difference between? | What haven't courts said there is a difference between? | [
"What haven't courts said there is a difference between?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30526 | 5ace60e032bba1001ae4a4af | Appalachian_Mountains | In eastern Pennsylvania the Great Appalachian Valley, or Great Valley, was accessible by reason of a broad gateway between the end of South Mountain and the Highlands, and many Germans and Moravians settled here between the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers forming the Pennsylvania Dutch community, some of whom even now ... | What is another name for eastern Pennsylvania? | What is another name for eastern Pennsylvania? | [
"What is another name for eastern Pennsylvania?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91973 | 5a818f7131013a001a334cb1 | Cotton | Organic cotton is generally understood as cotton from plants not genetically modified and that is certified to be grown without the use of any synthetic agricultural chemicals, such as fertilizers or pesticides. Its production also promotes and enhances biodiversity and biological cycles. In the United States, organic ... | What is meant by NOP chemicals? | What is meant by NOP chemicals? | [
"What is meant by NOP chemicals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49036 | 571ae05d9499d21900609b84 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | After the death of the replacement bishop Gregory in 345, Constans used his influence to allow Athanasius to return to Alexandria in October 345, amidst the enthusiastic demonstrations of the populace. This began a "golden decade" of peace and prosperity, during which time Athanasius assembled several documents relatin... | Were the people glad to have him home? | Were the people glad to have him home? | [
"Were the people glad to have him home?"
] | {
"text": [
"enthusiastic demonstrations"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112231 | 57291d851d0469140077906f | Race_(human_categorization) | In his 2003 paper, "Human Genetic Diversity: Lewontin's Fallacy", A. W. F. Edwards argued that rather than using a locus-by-locus analysis of variation to derive taxonomy, it is possible to construct a human classification system based on characteristic genetic patterns, or clusters inferred from multilocus genetic dat... | Risch thinks imperfect categories still have what? | Risch thinks imperfect categories still have what? | [
"Risch thinks imperfect categories still have what?"
] | {
"text": [
"utility"
],
"answer_start": [
1140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110170 | 5710257ea58dae1900cd691e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Pharmaceutical companies whose products are used in the three-drug cocktails for lethal injections are predominantly European, and they have strenuously objected to the use of their drugs for executions and taken steps to prevent their use. For example, Hospira, the sole American manufacturer of sodium thiopental, the ... | What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union? | What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union? | [
"What EU law forbids products used in torture to be manufactured in the European Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"Torture Regulation"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59049 | 5727ae364b864d1900163a1e | A_cappella | Contemporary a cappella includes many vocal groups and bands who add vocal percussion or beatboxing to create a pop/rock/gospel sound, in some cases very similar to bands with instruments. Examples of such professional groups include Straight No Chaser, Pentatonix, The House Jacks, Rockapella, Mosaic, and M-pact. There... | In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement? | In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement? | [
"In place of instruments, what do some modern a cappella groups implement?"
] | {
"text": [
"vocal percussion"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98801 | 56de70a8cffd8e1900b4b8dd | Heresy | The first known usage of the term in a legal context was in AD 380 by the Edict of Thessalonica of Theodosius I, which made Christianity the state church of the Roman Empire. Prior to the issuance of this edict, the Church had no state-sponsored support for any particular legal mechanism to counter what it perceived as... | Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire? | Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire? | [
"Who intitiated Christianity to be a state church of the Roman Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thessalonica of Theodosius I"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15969 | 57342b4c4776f419006619e7 | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent? | What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent? | [
"What can wearing gowns and face masks help prevent?"
] | {
"text": [
"infections from being passed from one person to another"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21670 | 5730b8f5396df919000962db | Sumer | The Sumerians were one of the first known beer drinking societies. Cereals were plentiful and were the key ingredient in their early brew. They brewed multiple kinds of beer consisting of wheat, barley, and mixed grain beers. Beer brewing was very important to the Sumerians. It was referenced in the Epic of Gilgamesh w... | How important was beer brewing to Sumerians? | How important was beer brewing to Sumerians? | [
"How important was beer brewing to Sumerians?"
] | {
"text": [
"very important"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33366 | 56f8a91b9e9bad19000a0280 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | This article covers numbered east-west streets in Manhattan, New York City. Major streets have their own linked articles; minor streets are discussed here. The streets do not run exactly east–west, because the grid plan is aligned with the Hudson River rather than with the cardinal directions. "West" is approximately 2... | Which streets have their own linked articles? | Which streets have their own linked articles? | [
"Which streets have their own linked articles?"
] | {
"text": [
"Major streets"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21591 | 5730af512461fd1900a9cf93 | Sumer | The Sumerians were a non-Semitic caucasoid people, and spoke a language isolate; a number of linguists believed they could detect a substrate language beneath Sumerian, because names of some of Sumer's major cities are not Sumerian, revealing influences of earlier inhabitants. However, the archaeological record shows c... | Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile? | Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile? | [
"Why were the lands in the region the Sumerian people settled fertile?"
] | {
"text": [
"silt deposited by the Tigris and the Euphrates rivers"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60307 | 572fe109a23a5019007fcace | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University School of Law offers joint-degree programs with the Olin Business School, the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the School of Medicine, and the School of Social Work. It also offers an LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers, a ... | What LLM degree programs are offered by the Washington University School of Law? | What LLM degree programs are offered by the Washington University School of Law? | [
"What LLM degree programs are offered by the Washington University School of Law?"
] | {
"text": [
"LLM in Intellectual Property and Technology Law, an LLM in Taxation, an LLM in US Law for Foreign Lawyers"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99173 | 5a8a1cc13b2508001a72a5ed | 51st_state | The phrase "51st state" can be used in a positive sense, meaning that a region or territory is so aligned, supportive, and conducive with the United States, that it is like a U.S. state. It can also be used in a pejorative sense, meaning an area or region is perceived to be under excessive American cultural or military... | What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the pejorative "American" label? | What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the pejorative "American" label? | [
"What types of control are considered when labeling a country with the pejorative \"American\" label?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106793 | 5a847a707cf838001a46a84f | East_India_Company | From the period of 1600, the canton consisted of a St George's Cross representing the Kingdom of England. With the Acts of Union 1707, the canton was updated to be the new Union Flag—consisting of an English St George's Cross combined with a Scottish St Andrew's cross—representing the Kingdom of Great Britain. After th... | What was the second cross removed from the Canton after the Acts of Union 1707? | What was the second cross removed from the Canton after the Acts of Union 1707? | [
"What was the second cross removed from the Canton after the Acts of Union 1707?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67762 | 5726c314708984140094d0c9 | Norfolk_Island | Norfolk Island Hospital is the only medical centre on the island. Medicare and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme do not cover Norfolk Island. All visitors to Norfolk Island, including Australians, are recommended to purchase travel insurance. Although the hospital can perform minor surgery, serious medical conditions ... | Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island? | Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island? | [
"Who staffs the one ambulance available on Norfolk Island?"
] | {
"text": [
"St John Ambulance Australia volunteers"
],
"answer_start": [
607
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54287 | 56def1133277331400b4d840 | Christian | According to a 2011 Pew Research Center survey, there were 2.2 billion Christians around the world in 2010, up from about 600 million in 1910. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. According to a 2012 Pew Research Center survey Christianity will remain the world's largest religion in 2050, ... | If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050? | If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050? | [
"If growth continues as it has, what religion will be the largest in the world by 2050?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christianity"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49918 | 56ce362faab44d1400b885c8 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | With the death of Zhengde and ascension of Jiajing, the politics at court shifted in favor of the Neo-Confucian establishment which not only rejected the Portuguese embassy of Fernão Pires de Andrade (d. 1523), but had a predisposed animosity towards Tibetan Buddhism and lamas. Evelyn S. Rawski, a professor in the Depa... | Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? | Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject? | [
"Which embassy did the Neo-Confucian establishment reject?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Portuguese embassy"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62310 | 5728dc893acd2414000e0095 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | After an initial loss to Labor at the 1946 election, Menzies led the Liberals to victory at the 1949 election, and the party stayed in office for a record 23 years—still the longest unbroken run in government at the federal level. Australia experienced prolonged economic growth during the post-war boom period of the Me... | During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth? | During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth? | [
"During what period did Australia experience long-term economic growth?"
] | {
"text": [
"the post-war boom period of the Menzies Government (1949–1966)"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15439 | 5706bbd52eaba6190074acbf | Black_people | The Siddi are an ethnic group inhabiting India and Pakistan whose members are descended from Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa that were brought to the Indian subcontinent as slaves by Arab and Portuguese merchants. Although it is commonly believed locally that "Siddi" derives from a word meaning "black", the term is... | Who did the Siddi descend from? | Who did the Siddi descend from? | [
"Who did the Siddi descend from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bantu peoples from Southeast Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45166 | 5ace411a32bba1001ae4a09f | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 2011–2012, Sony Music Inc. expressed support for SOPA and PIPA. The Stop Online Piracy Act and Protect IP Act stirred up controversy within the entertainment industry since their introduction in the United States Congress.[citation needed] | Sony Music expressed support for SOUP and whom? | Sony Music expressed support for SOUP and whom? | [
"Sony Music expressed support for SOUP and whom?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16871 | 5725bbb338643c19005acc0b | Israel | On 11 March 1978, a PLO guerilla raid from Lebanon led to the Coastal Road Massacre. Israel responded by launching an invasion of southern Lebanon to destroy the PLO bases south of the Litani River. Most PLO fighters withdrew, but Israel was able to secure southern Lebanon until a UN force and the Lebanese army could t... | When did the Coastal Road Massacre occur? | When did the Coastal Road Massacre occur? | [
"When did the Coastal Road Massacre occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"11 March 1978"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41118 | 57315767a5e9cc1400cdbec1 | Egypt | Muhammad Ali Pasha evolved the military from one that convened under the tradition of the corvée to a great modernised army. He introduced conscription of the male peasantry in 19th century Egypt, and took a novel approach to create his great army, strengthening it with numbers and in skill. Education and training of t... | Who modernized Egyptian army? | Who modernized Egyptian army? | [
"Who modernized Egyptian army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muhammad Ali Pasha"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5198 | 56e1688fe3433e1400422ebb | Boston | Boston has a strong mayor – council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Marty Walsh became Mayor in January 2014, his predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure having been the longest in the city's history. The Boston City Council is elected every two yea... | What kind of power does the mayor have? | What kind of power does the mayor have? | [
"What kind of power does the mayor have?"
] | {
"text": [
"extensive executive power"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31086 | 5709633fed30961900e84062 | Identity_(social_science) | Although the self is distinct from identity, the literature of self-psychology can offer some insight into how identity is maintained (Cote & Levin 2002, p. 24). From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the s... | What is distinct from the self? | What is distinct from the self? | [
"What is distinct from the self?"
] | {
"text": [
"identity"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22114 | 5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f36 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,50... | How many colleges and universities award grants to students each year? | How many colleges and universities award grants to students each year? | [
"How many colleges and universities award grants to students each year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87618 | 5729c6f9af94a219006aa613 | IBM | The company's 14 member Board of Directors is responsible for overall corporate management. As of Cathie Black's resignation in November 2010 its membership (by affiliation and year of joining) included: Alain J. P. Belda '08 (Alcoa), William R. Brody '07 (Salk Institute / Johns Hopkins University), Kenneth Chenault '9... | What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors? | What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors? | [
"What year did William R. Brody join the IBM Board of Directors?"
] | {
"text": [
"'07"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20315 | 57293c473f37b31900478152 | Glass | Glass remained a luxury material, and the disasters that overtook Late Bronze Age civilizations seem to have brought glass-making to a halt. Indigenous development of glass technology in South Asia may have begun in 1730 BCE. In ancient China, though, glassmaking seems to have a late start, compared to ceramics and met... | Where did glasswork begin relatively late? | Where did glasswork begin relatively late? | [
"Where did glasswork begin relatively late?"
] | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54147 | 5ad3ea81604f3c001a3ff6f0 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters. | How many divisions are there in the non-Canadian Army? | How many divisions are there in the non-Canadian Army? | [
" How many divisions are there in the non-Canadian Army?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103313 | 5ad2afd7d7d075001a429f11 | Multiracial_American | Some multiracial individuals feel marginalized by U.S. society. For example, when applying to schools or for a job, or when taking standardized tests, Americans are sometimes asked to check boxes corresponding to race or ethnicity. Typically, about five race choices are given, with the instruction to "check only one." ... | What usually has about 10 race choices? | What usually has about 10 race choices? | [
"What usually has about 10 race choices?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9780 | 5727ef92ff5b5019007d98db | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser was greatly influenced by Egyptian nationalism, as espoused by politician Mustafa Kamel, poet Ahmed Shawqi, and his anti-colonialist instructor at the Royal Military Academy, Aziz al-Masri, to whom Nasser expressed his gratitude in a 1961 newspaper interview. He was especially influenced by Egyptian writer Tawfi... | What novel influenced Nasser greatly? | What novel influenced Nasser greatly? | [
"What novel influenced Nasser greatly?"
] | {
"text": [
"Return of the Spirit"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72898 | 5ad36189604f3c001a3fdf6d | Dell | After several weeks of rumors, which started around January 11, 2013, Dell announced on February 5, 2013 that it had struck a $24.4 billion leveraged buyout deal, that would have delisted its shares from the NASDAQ and Hong Kong Stock Exchange and taken it private. Reuters reported that Michael Dell and Silver Lake Par... | What was the value of the second smallest technology buyout? | What was the value of the second smallest technology buyout? | [
"What was the value of the second smallest technology buyout?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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