gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-62506 | 5a7b7a0421c2de001afea054 | Software_testing | Software developers can't test everything, but they can use combinatorial test design to identify the minimum number of tests needed to get the coverage they want. Combinatorial test design enables users to get greater test coverage with fewer tests. Whether they are looking for speed or test depth, they can use combin... | Unstructured variations can be built into what items? | Unstructured variations can be built into what items? | [
"Unstructured variations can be built into what items?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91345 | 5726d382708984140094d291 | Avicenna | Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themse... | Mahiat is Arabic for what? | Mahiat is Arabic for what? | [
"Mahiat is Arabic for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"essence"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15043 | 5733948e4776f41900660dd4 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Another model is the FEELS model developed by Xie Bangxiu and deployed successfully in China. "FEELS" stands for five things in curriculum and education: Flexible-goals, Engaged-learner, Embodied-knowledge, Learning-through-interactions, and Supportive-teacher. It is used for understanding and evaluating educational cu... | What is the purpose of the FEELS model? | What is the purpose of the FEELS model? | [
"What is the purpose of the FEELS model?"
] | {
"text": [
"It is used for understanding and evaluating educational curriculum under the assumption that the purpose of education is to \"help a person become whole.\""
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115399 | 56eaa0445a205f1900d6d3a1 | Political_corruption | This dissociation aims to make the early steps (offering, promising, requesting an advantage) of a corrupt deal already an offence and, thus, to give a clear signal (from a criminal-policy point-of-view) that bribery is not acceptable.[citation needed] Furthermore, such a dissociation makes the prosecution of bribery o... | A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money? | A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money? | [
"A bribe can include requesting, offering, giving or what of favors or money?"
] | {
"text": [
"accepting"
],
"answer_start": [
938
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51300 | 5a57c040770dc0001aeefd4c | Empiricism | The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and t... | Where was Galileo born? | Where was Galileo born? | [
"Where was Galileo born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34999 | 571a38ca10f8ca1400304f79 | Memory | While short-term memory encodes information acoustically, long-term memory encodes it semantically: Baddeley (1966) discovered that, after 20 minutes, test subjects had the most difficulty recalling a collection of words that had similar meanings (e.g. big, large, great, huge) long-term. Another part of long-term memor... | What is episodic memory? | What is episodic memory? | [
"What is episodic memory?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"which attempts to capture information such as 'what', 'when' and 'where'"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6910 | 573135b605b4da19006bcece | Red | But early in the 16th century, a brilliant new red appeared in Europe. When the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés and his soldiers conquered the Aztec Empire in 1519-1521, they discovered slowly that the Aztecs had another treasure beside silver and gold; they had the tiny cochineal, a parasitic scale insect which liv... | During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered? | During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered? | [
"During what years was the Aztec Empire conquered?"
] | {
"text": [
"1519-1521"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83388 | 5727d4514b864d1900163e0d | Dominican_Order | The spirituality evidenced throughout all of the branches of the order reflects the spirit and intentions of its founder, though some of the elements of what later developed might have surprised the Castilian friar. Fundamentally, Dominic was "... a man of prayer who utilized the full resources of the learning availabl... | Where did Dominic want his followers to look for truth? | Where did Dominic want his followers to look for truth? | [
"Where did Dominic want his followers to look for truth?"
] | {
"text": [
"gospel of Christ"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95191 | 56df8c1e4a1a83140091eb1c | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In March 1875, Bell and Pollok visited the famous scientist Joseph Henry, who was then director of the Smithsonian Institution, and asked Henry's advice on the electrical multi-reed apparatus that Bell hoped would transmit the human voice by telegraph. Henry replied that Bell had "the germ of a great invention". When B... | What was Henry's reply to Bell's statement that he lacked information to complete his telegraph? | What was Henry's reply to Bell's statement that he lacked information to complete his telegraph? | [
"What was Henry's reply to Bell's statement that he lacked information to complete his telegraph?"
] | {
"text": [
"Get it!"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88424 | 56db2495e7c41114004b4e06 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags sca... | What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters? | What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters? | [
"What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Golden Gate Bridge"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94076 | 5a7e47de70df9f001a875677 | Cork_(city) | The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English ... | What kind of protection did the hostile Gaelic countryside have? | What kind of protection did the hostile Gaelic countryside have? | [
"What kind of protection did the hostile Gaelic countryside have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9114 | 5732554de17f3d140042289b | The_Bronx | The Bronx's highest elevation at 280 feet (85 m) is in the northwest corner, west of Van Cortlandt Park and in the Chapel Farm area near the Riverdale Country School. The opposite (southeastern) side of the Bronx has four large low peninsulas or "necks" of low-lying land that jut into the waters of the East River and w... | How long is the Bronx's shoreline? | How long is the Bronx's shoreline? | [
"How long is the Bronx's shoreline?"
] | {
"text": [
"75 square miles"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54820 | 5ad562de5b96ef001a10ad62 | Macintosh | Historically, Mac OS X enjoyed a near-absence of the types of malware and spyware that affect Microsoft Windows users. Mac OS X has a smaller usage share compared to Microsoft Windows (roughly 5% and 92%, respectively), but it also has traditionally more secure UNIX roots. Worms, as well as potential vulnerabilities, w... | Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS XX compared to Microsoft Windows? | Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS XX compared to Microsoft Windows? | [
"Historically, what is near-absent in Mac OS XX compared to Microsoft Windows?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62627 | 5729429a6aef051400154c1a | Software_testing | Destructive testing attempts to cause the software or a sub-system to fail. It verifies that the software functions properly even when it receives invalid or unexpected inputs, thereby establishing the robustness of input validation and error-management routines.[citation needed] Software fault injection, in the form o... | What is one example of failure testing? | What is one example of failure testing? | [
"What is one example of failure testing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Software fault injection"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103060 | 5728171b4b864d1900164452 | Unicode | Indic scripts such as Tamil and Devanagari are each allocated only 128 code points, matching the ISCII standard. The correct rendering of Unicode Indic text requires transforming the stored logical order characters into visual order and the forming of ligatures (aka conjuncts) out of components. Some local scholars arg... | How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated? | How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated? | [
"How many code points are tamil and Devanagari allocated? "
] | {
"text": [
"128"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106605 | 57265924708984140094c354 | East_India_Company | In September 1695, Captain Henry Every, an English pirate on board the Fancy, reached the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, where he teamed up with five other pirate captains to make an attack on the Indian fleet making the annual voyage to Mocha. The Mughal convoy included the treasure-laden Ganj-i-Sawai, reported to be the g... | When did Captain Henry Every attack the Indian Fleet | When did Captain Henry Every attack the Indian Fleet | [
"When did Captain Henry Every attack the Indian Fleet"
] | {
"text": [
"1695"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88091 | 57285a642ca10214002da2b4 | God | Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference." Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was d... | What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God? | What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God? | [
"What did Sagan argue was the only was to prove the existence of God?"
] | {
"text": [
"the discovery that the universe is infinitely old"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25311 | 56d11e7b17492d1400aab9d3 | New_York_City | Newtown Creek, a 3.5-mile (6-kilometer) a long estuary that forms part of the border between the boroughs of Brooklyn and Queens, has been designated a Superfund site for environmental clean-up and remediation of the waterway's recreational and economic resources for many communities. One of the most heavily used bodie... | How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers? | How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers? | [
"How long is Newtown Creek in kilometers?"
] | {
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22687 | 5a1254806614be00188f2503 | Exhibition_game | However, from 1971 to 1975, NBA teams played preseason exhibitions against American Basketball Association teams. In the early days of the NBA, league clubs sometimes challenged the legendary barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters, with mixed success. The NBA has played preseason games in Europe and Asia. In the 2006 and 20... | What two continents has the NBA never played a preseason gaming? | What two continents has the NBA never played a preseason gaming? | [
"What two continents has the NBA never played a preseason gaming?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94144 | 5a5d4b0e5e8782001a9d5ea2 | Cork_(city) | Cork is home to the RTÉ Vanbrugh Quartet, and to many musical acts, including John Spillane, The Frank And Walters, Sultans of Ping, Simple Kid, Microdisney, Fred, Mick Flannery and the late Rory Gallagher. Singer songwriter Cathal Coughlan and Sean O'Hagan of The High Llamas also hail from Cork. The opera singers Cara... | What city are the High Llamas from? | What city are the High Llamas from? | [
"What city are the High Llamas from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25938 | 5709880eed30961900e842a7 | Copper | Polyols, compounds containing more than one alcohol functional group, generally interact with cupric salts. For example, copper salts are used to test for reducing sugars. Specifically, using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution the presence of the sugar is signaled by a color change from blue Cu(II) to reddish co... | What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present? | What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present? | [
"What color does the copper salts turn to using Benedict's reagent and Fehling's solution if sugar is present?"
] | {
"text": [
"reddish"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5338 | 57279ce7708984140094e247 | Digimon | Digimon started out as digital pets called "Digital Monsters", similar in style and concept to the Tamagotchi. It was planned by WiZ and released by Bandai on June 26, 1997. The toy began as the simple concept of a Tamagotchi mainly for boys. The V-Pet is similar to its predecessors, with the exceptions of being more d... | What year was the second generation of digimon released? | What year was the second generation of digimon released? | [
"What year was the second generation of digimon released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10053 | 57282d253acd2414000df659 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria, although Chief of Staff Mohamed Fawzi considered the warnings to be "baseless". According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and ... | What country warned Nasser that Israel wanted to attack Syria? | What country warned Nasser that Israel wanted to attack Syria? | [
"What country warned Nasser that Israel wanted to attack Syria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100741 | 572f7951a23a5019007fc65f | Post-punk | British post-punk entered the 1980s with support from members of the critical community—American critic Greil Marcus characterised "Britain's postpunk pop avant-garde" in a 1980 Rolling Stone article as "sparked by a tension, humour and sense of paradox plainly unique in present day pop music"—as well as media figures ... | When did British post-punk emerge? | When did British post-punk emerge? | [
"When did British post-punk emerge?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86645 | 56e7498e00c9c71400d76f4a | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The Institute also maintains a dozen regional offices around the United Kingdom, it opened its first regional office for the East of England at Cambridge in 1966. | When was RIBA's first satellite office opened? | When was RIBA's first satellite office opened? | [
"When was RIBA's first satellite office opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"1966"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82107 | 572ab654be1ee31400cb81c8 | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed? | What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed? | [
"What chapter in the Spanish constitution describes how bills are to be passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89909 | 57268ec7dd62a815002e8980 | Somerset | The boundaries of Somerset are largely unaltered from medieval times. The River Avon formed much of the border with Gloucestershire, except that the hundred of Bath Forum, which straddles the Avon, formed part of Somerset. Bristol began as a town on the Gloucestershire side of the Avon, however as it grew it extended a... | How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant | How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant | [
"How long have the boundaries of somerset remained constant "
] | {
"text": [
"are largely unaltered from medieval times"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53368 | 5a68fedb8476ee001a58a9a0 | Sichuan | The Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam ever constructed, is being built on the Yangtze River in nearby Hubei province to control flooding in the Sichuan Basin, neighboring Yunnan province, and downstream. The plan is hailed by some as China's efforts to shift towards alternative energy sources and to further develop its... | What is the largest ever built in commercial bases? | What is the largest ever built in commercial bases? | [
"What is the largest ever built in commercial bases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84914 | 5726b2c95951b619008f7af1 | Mali | In the late 14th century, the Songhai gradually gained independence from the Mali Empire and expanded, ultimately subsuming the entire eastern portion of the Mali Empire. The Songhai Empire's eventual collapse was largely the result of a Moroccan invasion in 1591, under the command of Judar Pasha. The fall of the Songh... | The Sonhgai Empire's demise was due to what invasion? | The Sonhgai Empire's demise was due to what invasion? | [
"The Sonhgai Empire's demise was due to what invasion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moroccan invasion in 1591"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81956 | 5acfb8cb77cf76001a685a6f | Royal_assent | Special procedures apply to legislation passed by Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man. Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 (the Revestment), the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor. After 1765, royal assent was at first signified ... | The lordship of the Isle of Man was purchased by America in what year? | The lordship of the Isle of Man was purchased by America in what year? | [
"The lordship of the Isle of Man was purchased by America in what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34596 | 56f8c9c59e9bad19000a04ea | Southampton | Southampton's fire cover is provided by Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service. There are three fire stations within the city boundaries at St Mary's, Hightown and Redbridge. | Who handles fires in Southampton? | Who handles fires in Southampton? | [
"Who handles fires in Southampton?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hampshire Fire and Rescue Service"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102188 | 5ad3aa34604f3c001a3feb32 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's? | Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's? | [
"Who tested the three major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79227 | 57276e51708984140094dd5e | Heian_period | When Emperor Kammu moved the capital to Heian-kyō (Kyōto), which remained the imperial capital for the next 1,000 years, he did so not only to strengthen imperial authority but also to improve his seat of government geopolitically. Nara was abandoned after only 70 years in part due to the ascendancy of Dōkyō and the en... | What time period was the early Heian era? | What time period was the early Heian era? | [
"What time period was the early Heian era?"
] | {
"text": [
"784–967"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92654 | 5a6fd5978abb0b001a675f90 | Alsace | By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsa... | What famous reformer was from Mompelgard? | What famous reformer was from Mompelgard? | [
"What famous reformer was from Mompelgard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25994 | 572699c4dd62a815002e8ab2 | Edmund_Burke | Burke was born in Dublin, Ireland. His mother Mary née Nagle (c. 1702 – 1770) was a Roman Catholic who hailed from a déclassé County Cork family (and a cousin of Nano Nagle), whereas his father, a successful solicitor, Richard (died 1761), was a member of the Church of Ireland; it remains unclear whether this is the sa... | Where was Burke born? | Where was Burke born? | [
"Where was Burke born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dublin, Ireland"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86310 | 570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc28 | Gymnastics | According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr... | What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics? | What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics? | [
"What rules state that only women can compete in rhythmic gymastics?"
] | {
"text": [
"FIG"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9285 | 57326cefe99e3014001e67a7 | The_Bronx | Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1998–2... | What genre was 'True Love'? | What genre was 'True Love'? | [
"What genre was 'True Love'?"
] | {
"text": [
"comedy"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30315 | 5acd600907355d001abf3f99 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh's industrial base includes banking/financial services; electrical, medical, electronic and telecommunications equipment; clothing and apparel; food processing; paper products; and pharmaceuticals. Raleigh is part of North Carolina's Research Triangle, one of the country's largest and most successful research pa... | What is Raleigh not part of? | What is Raleigh not part of? | [
"What is Raleigh not part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61314 | 572f376004bcaa1900d7678a | Flowering_plant | Island genetics provides one proposed explanation for the sudden, fully developed appearance of flowering plants. Island genetics is believed to be a common source of speciation in general, especially when it comes to radical adaptations that seem to have required inferior transitional forms. Flowering plants may have ... | What is island genetics thought to be a default source of? | What is island genetics thought to be a default source of? | [
"What is island genetics thought to be a default source of?"
] | {
"text": [
"speciation"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41073 | 57313756a5e9cc1400cdbd05 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. I... | How far back does Egypt's history date back? | How far back does Egypt's history date back? | [
"How far back does Egypt's history date back?"
] | {
"text": [
"tenth millennium BC"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85987 | 57340b224776f4190066179b | Tucson,_Arizona | By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson aft... | What was Tucson's population in 1920? | What was Tucson's population in 1920? | [
"What was Tucson's population in 1920?"
] | {
"text": [
"20,292"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108221 | 56e042487aa994140058e409 | Aspirated_consonant | In the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), aspirated consonants are written using the symbols for voiceless consonants followed by the aspiration modifier letter ⟨◌ʰ⟩, a superscript form of the symbol for the voiceless glottal fricative ⟨h⟩. For instance, ⟨p⟩ represents the voiceless bilabial stop, and ⟨pʰ⟩ represen... | What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop? | What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop? | [
"What modifier indicates a voiceless bilabial stop?"
] | {
"text": [
"p"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37567 | 572821522ca10214002d9e8d | London | Summers are generally warm and sometimes hot. London's average July high is 24 °C (75.2 °F). On average London will see 31 days above 25 °C (77.0 °F) each year, and 4.2 days above 30.0 °C (86.0 °F) every year. During the 2003 European heat wave there were 14 consecutive days above 30 °C (86.0 °F) and 2 consecutive days... | What is London's average high temperature in July? | What is London's average high temperature in July? | [
"What is London's average high temperature in July?"
] | {
"text": [
"24 °C (75.2 °F)"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2823 | 5acd88d507355d001abf461b | British_Isles | The British Isles lie at the juncture of several regions with past episodes of tectonic mountain building. These orogenic belts form a complex geology that records a huge and varied span of Earth's history. Of particular note was the Caledonian Orogeny during the Ordovician Period, c. 488–444 Ma and early Silurian peri... | During what time span was the Orogenic Period? | During what time span was the Orogenic Period? | [
"During what time span was the Orogenic Period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27899 | 5729fd8e6aef05140015517a | Energy | Matter may be converted to energy (and vice versa), but mass cannot ever be destroyed; rather, mass/energy equivalence remains a constant for both the matter and the energy, during any process when they are converted into each other. However, since is extremely large relative to ordinary human scales, the conversion o... | Matter may be converted to what? | Matter may be converted to what? | [
"Matter may be converted to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"energy"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80349 | 572fb921947a6a140053cbe1 | Bacteria | Bacteria exhibit an extremely wide variety of metabolic types. The distribution of metabolic traits within a group of bacteria has traditionally been used to define their taxonomy, but these traits often do not correspond with modern genetic classifications. Bacterial metabolism is classified into nutritional groups on... | What are electron acceptors accountable for? | What are electron acceptors accountable for? | [
"What are electron acceptors accountable for?"
] | {
"text": [
"aerobic or anaerobic respiration"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32865 | 5a32e7c0bd0d7f001aef94ec | Central_African_Republic | In 2004 the Central African Republic Bush War began as forces opposed to Bozizé took up arms against his government. In May 2005 Bozizé won a presidential election that excluded Patassé and in 2006 fighting continued between the government and the rebels. In November 2006, Bozizé's government requested French military ... | What began in 2004 as Mirage jets struck rebel positions? | What began in 2004 as Mirage jets struck rebel positions? | [
"What began in 2004 as Mirage jets struck rebel positions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45282 | 5a4c48f27a6c4c001a2bbbd5 | Sahara | The primary source of rain in the Sahara is the equatorial low a continuous belt of low-pressure systems near the equator which bring the brief, short and irregular rainy season to the Sahel and the southern Sahara. The Sahara doesn't lack precipitation because of a lack of moisture, but due to the lack of a precipitat... | What desert has low but regelar rainfall? | What desert has low but regelar rainfall? | [
"What desert has low but regelar rainfall?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44910 | 56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1164 | Gene | Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression. Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some e... | When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments? | When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments? | [
"When investigating gene expression, what type of genes are used as a control for experiments?"
] | {
"text": [
"housekeeping genes"
],
"answer_start": [
176
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23807 | 57283ceb4b864d19001647d4 | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What component is the Brussel Region? | What component is the Brussel Region? | [
"What component is the Brussel Region?"
] | {
"text": [
"third component"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64645 | 5733f4004776f4190066159d | Portugal | The Army (21,000 personnel) comprises three brigades and other small units. An infantry brigade (mainly equipped with Pandur II APC), a mechanized brigade (mainly equipped with Leopard 2 A6 tanks and M113 APC) and a Rapid Reaction Brigade (consisting of paratroopers, commandos and rangers). The Navy (10,700 personnel, ... | How many personnel does the Navy have? | How many personnel does the Navy have? | [
"How many personnel does the Navy have?"
] | {
"text": [
"10,700"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86750 | 56e77e8d00c9c71400d771ba | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | In 2007, RIBA called for minimum space standards in newly built British houses after research was published suggesting that British houses were falling behind other European countries. "The average new home sold to people today is significantly smaller than that built in the 1920s... We're way behind the rest of Europe... | What did the Royal Institute support in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe? | What did the Royal Institute support in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe? | [
"What did the Royal Institute support in order to keep up with housing in mainland Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"minimum space standards"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75724 | 5acfd41b77cf76001a68623a | Cubism | The influence of cubism extended to other artistic fields, outside painting and sculpture. In literature, the written works of Gertrude Stein employ repetition and repetitive phrases as building blocks in both passages and whole chapters. Most of Stein's important works utilize this technique, including the novel The M... | What artistic fields did not inspire other cubism work? | What artistic fields did not inspire other cubism work? | [
"What artistic fields did not inspire other cubism work?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58915 | 572784ba708984140094dfd8 | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella? | In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella? | [
"In what era was most of the vocal music considered A cappella?"
] | {
"text": [
"Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31498 | 57295f556aef051400154da9 | Germans | Pan-Germanism's origins began in the early 19th century following the Napoleonic Wars. The wars launched a new movement that was born in France itself during the French Revolution. Nationalism during the 19th century threatened the old aristocratic regimes. Many ethnic groups of Central and Eastern Europe had been divi... | Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century? | Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century? | [
"Who ruled central and Eastern Europe during the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romanovs and the Habsburgs"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71814 | 5acf57a177cf76001a684bc0 | Capacitor | In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania, Germany, found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar. Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors, and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechani... | In the original experiment in which the properties of capacitors were discovered, what component didn't act as the dielectric? | In the original experiment in which the properties of capacitors were discovered, what component didn't act as the dielectric? | [
"In the original experiment in which the properties of capacitors were discovered, what component didn't act as the dielectric?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42159 | 5728a4824b864d1900164b47 | Karl_Popper | Karl Popper's rejection of Marxism during his teenage years left a profound mark on his thought. He had at one point joined a socialist association, and for a few months in 1919 considered himself a communist. During this time he became familiar with the Marxist view of economics, class-war, and history. Although he qu... | For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist? | For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist? | [
"For a time during which year did Popper consider himself a communist?"
] | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-313 | 56f78ce7aef2371900625bc0 | Marshall_Islands | On September 21, 1529, Álvaro de Saavedra Cerón commanded the Spanish ship Florida, on his second attempt to recross the Pacific from the Maluku Islands. He stood off a group of islands from which local inhabitants hurled stones at his ship. These islands, which he named "Los Pintados", may have been Ujelang. On Octobe... | What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529? | What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529? | [
"What was the name given to the islands reached by Cerón in October of 1529?"
] | {
"text": [
"Los Jardines"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108656 | 572c9bb7f182dd1900d7c7f8 | Tennessee | After disenfranchisement of blacks, the GOP in Tennessee was historically a sectional party supported by whites only in the eastern part of the state. In the 20th century, except for two nationwide Republican landslides of the 1920s (in 1920, when Tennessee narrowly supported Warren G. Harding over Ohio Governor James ... | How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s? | How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s? | [
"How many times has Tennessee supported Democratic presidential candidates in the general elections since the 1950s?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
786
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53075 | 5706a3b152bb891400689b00 | Bird_migration | Sometimes circumstances such as a good breeding season followed by a food source failure the following year lead to irruptions in which large numbers of a species move far beyond the normal range. Bohemian waxwings Bombycilla garrulus well show this unpredictable variation in annual numbers, with five major arrivals in... | How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200? | How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200? | [
"How many times did Bohemian waxwings come to Britain between 1937 and 200?"
] | {
"text": [
"18"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43549 | 5726c83fdd62a815002e9013 | Korean_War | By 1 October 1950, the UN Command repelled the KPA northwards past the 38th parallel; the ROK Army crossed after them, into North Korea. MacArthur made a statement demanding the KPA's unconditional surrender. Six days later, on 7 October, with UN authorization, the UN Command forces followed the ROK forces northwards. ... | How many North Korean prisoners of war were held by UN forces? | How many North Korean prisoners of war were held by UN forces? | [
"How many North Korean prisoners of war were held by UN forces?"
] | {
"text": [
"135,000"
],
"answer_start": [
949
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13340 | 56e7a01d37bdd419002c4284 | Nanjing | At present, the full name of the government of Nanjing is "People's Government of Nanjing City" and the city is under the one-party rule of the CPC, with the CPC Nanjing Committee Secretary as the de facto governor of the city and the mayor as the executive head of the government working under the secretary. | What party rules Nanjing? | What party rules Nanjing? | [
"What party rules Nanjing?"
] | {
"text": [
"the CPC"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24293 | 5ad422af604f3c001a4007e1 | Bermuda | The original NAS Bermuda on the west side of the island, a seaplane base until the mid-1960s, was designated as the Naval Air Station Bermuda Annex. It provided optional anchorage and/or dockage facilities for transiting US Navy, US Coast Guard and NATO vessels, depending on size. An additional US Navy compound known a... | What did US forces do in 1999? | What did US forces do in 1999? | [
"What did US forces do in 1999?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57466 | 572e9f6ddfa6aa1500f8d20e | Quran | The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qaraʼa (قرأ), meaning "he read" or "he recited". The Syriac equivalent is (ܩܪܝܢܐ) qeryānā, which refers to "scripture reading" or "lesson". While some Western scholars consider the word... | What Syriac word might be related to "Quran"? | What Syriac word might be related to "Quran"? | [
"What Syriac word might be related to \"Quran\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"qeryānā"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19198 | 5ad0e777645df0001a2d0801 | Premier_League | At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the... | How many players were from outside the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created in 2004? | How many players were from outside the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created in 2004? | [
"How many players were from outside the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77764 | 57268dd3708984140094c9ed | British_Empire | The Suez Crisis very publicly exposed Britain's limitations to the world and confirmed Britain's decline on the world stage, demonstrating that henceforth it could no longer act without at least the acquiescence, if not the full support, of the United States. The events at Suez wounded British national pride, leading o... | When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands? | When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands? | [
"When did Britain retake the Falkland Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"1982"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7567 | 572f78f5b2c2fd1400568161 | Database |
XML databases are a type of structured document-oriented database that allows querying based on XML document attributes. XML databases are mostly used in enterprise database management, where XML is being used as the machine-to-machine data interoperability standard. XML database management systems include commercial ... | What kind of database is XML? | What kind of database is XML? | [
"What kind of database is XML?"
] | {
"text": [
"structured document-oriented database"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75644 | 5727a9fa4b864d19001639e6 | Cubism | A significant modification of Cubism between 1914 and 1916 was signaled by a shift towards a strong emphasis on large overlapping geometric planes and flat surface activity. This grouping of styles of painting and sculpture, especially significant between 1917 and 1920, was practiced by several artists; particularly th... | What was the first time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism? | What was the first time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism? | [
"What was the first time period that a significant change began to happen in Cubism?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914 and 1916"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96615 | 5a8c858dfd22b3001a8d89f4 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why i... | What type of punishment did most people suffer who were buried in a nearby cemetery? | What type of punishment did most people suffer who were buried in a nearby cemetery? | [
"What type of punishment did most people suffer who were buried in a nearby cemetery?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65703 | 5728d2c23acd2414000dff6e | Detroit | In college sports, Detroit's central location within the Mid-American Conference has made it a frequent site for the league's championship events. While the MAC Basketball Tournament moved permanently to Cleveland starting in 2000, the MAC Football Championship Game has been played at Ford Field in Detroit since 2004, ... | Where is the MAC Football Championship game played? | Where is the MAC Football Championship game played? | [
"Where is the MAC Football Championship game played?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ford Field"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92626 | 5a6fb5868abb0b001a675f6f | Alsace | As in much of Europe, the prosperity of Alsace came to an end in the 14th century by a series of harsh winters, bad harvests, and the Black Death. These hardships were blamed on Jews, leading to the pogroms of 1336 and 1339. In 1349, Jews of Alsace were accused of poisoning the wells with plague, leading to the massacr... | During what year were Jews blamed for the poor harvest? | During what year were Jews blamed for the poor harvest? | [
"During what year were Jews blamed for the poor harvest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74404 | 5ace60db32bba1001ae4a49c | Asphalt | The value of the deposit was obvious from the start, but the means of extracting the bitumen were not. The nearest town, Fort McMurray, Alberta was a small fur trading post, other markets were far away, and transportation costs were too high to ship the raw bituminous sand for paving. In 1915, Sidney Ells of the Federa... | The means of implanting what were not obvious? | The means of implanting what were not obvious? | [
"The means of implanting what were not obvious?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105669 | 5a551bb5134fea001a0e1933 | Communications_in_Somalia | As of 2009, Internet via satellite had a steady growth rate of 10% to 15% per year. It was particularly in demand in remote areas that did not have either dialup or wireless online services. The local telecommunications company Dalkom Somalia provided internet over satellite, as well as premium routes for media operato... | How many teleports were there in Europe and Asia? | How many teleports were there in Europe and Asia? | [
"How many teleports were there in Europe and Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67500 | 570a12fd6d058f1900182c9e | Hanover | Another point of interest is the Old Town. In the centre are the large Marktkirche (Church St. Georgii et Jacobi, preaching venue of the bishop of the Lutheran Landeskirche Hannovers) and the Old Town Hall. Nearby are the Leibniz House, the Nolte House, and the Beguine Tower. A very nice quarter of the Old Town is the ... | Where does the Mile of Sculptures start? | Where does the Mile of Sculptures start? | [
"Where does the Mile of Sculptures start?"
] | {
"text": [
"Trammplatz"
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33047 | 5ad18c22645df0001a2d1ef0 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing C... | Who did not employ Latimer when he developed his first patent? | Who did not employ Latimer when he developed his first patent? | [
"Who did not employ Latimer when he developed his first patent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37950 | 5730048804bcaa1900d77019 | Roman_Republic | In 494 BC, the city was at war with two neighboring tribes. The plebeian soldiers refused to march against the enemy, and instead seceded to the Aventine Hill. The plebeians demanded the right to elect their own officials. The patricians agreed, and the plebeians returned to the battlefield. The plebeians called these ... | In what year was the city in conflict with two nearby tribes? | In what year was the city in conflict with two nearby tribes? | [
"In what year was the city in conflict with two nearby tribes?"
] | {
"text": [
"494 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41806 | 56cee294aab44d1400b88bed | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | By May 14, the Ministry of Civil Affairs stated that 10.7 billion yuan (approximately US$1.5 billion) had been donated by the Chinese public. Houston Rockets center Yao Ming, one of the country's most popular sports icons, gave $214,000 and $71,000 to the Red Cross Society of China. The association has also collected a... | How much did the Red Cross collect in donations? | How much did the Red Cross collect in donations? | [
"How much did the Red Cross collect in donations?"
] | {
"text": [
"$26 million"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26267 | 5ad0d656645df0001a2d0655 | Edmund_Burke | Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as ... | What faction was Burke opposed to in La Vendée? | What faction was Burke opposed to in La Vendée? | [
"What faction was Burke opposed to in La Vendée?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9707 | 5725e47289a1e219009ac053 | Montevideo | The Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College is a private, co-educational, not-for-profit Catholic school located in the wealthy residential southeastern neighbourhood of Carrasco. Established in 1955, it is regarded as one of the best high schools in the country, blending a rigorous curriculum with strong ex... | When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established? | When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established? | [
"When was the Christian Brothers of Ireland Stella Maris College established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1955"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64532 | 573357944776f4190066085b | Portugal | As the King's confidence in de Melo increased, the King entrusted him with more control of the state. By 1755, Sebastião de Melo was made Prime Minister. Impressed by British economic success that he had witnessed from the Ambassador, he successfully implemented similar economic policies in Portugal. He abolished slave... | What title was given to de Melo in 1755? | What title was given to de Melo in 1755? | [
"What title was given to de Melo in 1755?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prime Minister"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101282 | 5ad28416d7d075001a429865 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | In mid-June 1940, when international attention was focused on the German invasion of France, Soviet NKVD troops raided border posts in Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia. State administrations were liquidated and replaced by Soviet cadres, in which 34,250 Latvians, 75,000 Lithuanians and almost 60,000 Estonians were deporte... | Of the three countries invaded, which lost the most amount of people through deportation or loss of life? | Of the three countries invaded, which lost the most amount of people through deportation or loss of life? | [
"Of the three countries invaded, which lost the most amount of people through deportation or loss of life?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81073 | 5724eebf0ba9f01400d97bc8 | Queen_Victoria | At the time of her accession, the government was led by the Whig prime minister Lord Melbourne, who at once became a powerful influence on the politically inexperienced Queen, who relied on him for advice. Charles Greville supposed that the widowed and childless Melbourne was "passionately fond of her as he might be of... | Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter? | Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter? | [
"Who thought that Melbourne saw Victoria as if she was his daughter? "
] | {
"text": [
"Charles Greville"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79659 | 5ad0185377cf76001a6869b1 | Kievan_Rus%27 | To the southwest, the principality of Halych had developed trade relations with its Polish, Hungarian and Lithuanian neighbours and emerged as the local successor to Kievan Rus'. In 1199, Prince Roman Mstislavich united the two previously separate principalities. In 1202 he conquered Kiev, and assumed the title of Gran... | When did Prince Daniil rule? | When did Prince Daniil rule? | [
"When did Prince Daniil rule?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35897 | 5727058fdd62a815002e97d6 | Comcast | The company is often criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A 2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their negative experiences with the public received attention from publications including The Huffingt... | What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called? | What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called? | [
"What was this 2014 article anonymously penned by a Comcast Employee called?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Five Nightmares You Live While Working For America's Worst Company,\""
],
"answer_start": [
1024
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58082 | 5ad416d9604f3c001a40035c | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | There are a multitude of supporters as well as opponents to the policy of affirmative action. Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves. Bill Clinton, however, made his stance on affirmative ... | How soon after his inauguration was Bill Clinton's speech? | How soon after his inauguration was Bill Clinton's speech? | [
" How soon after his inauguration was Bill Clinton's speech?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61989 | 5ace825932bba1001ae4a8d7 | Madrasa | Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outsi... | Who does not determine the content taught in Arabic public schools? | Who does not determine the content taught in Arabic public schools? | [
" Who does not determine the content taught in Arabic public schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22219 | 5a7b7bc121c2de001afea05a | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | Because of space constraints, NARA opened a second facility, known informally as Archives II, in 1994 near the University of Maryland, College Park campus (8601 Adelphi Road, College Park, MD, 20740-6001). Largely because of this proximity, NARA and the University of Maryland engage in cooperative initiatives. The Coll... | Why did the University of Maryland open another campus site? | Why did the University of Maryland open another campus site? | [
"Why did the University of Maryland open another campus site?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24633 | 56cee398aab44d1400b88bfb | New_York_City | In 1785, the assembly of the Congress of the Confederation made New York the national capital shortly after the war. New York was the last capital of the U.S. under the Articles of Confederation and the first capital under the Constitution of the United States. In 1789, the first President of the United States, George ... | In what year did New York become the United States capital? | In what year did New York become the United States capital? | [
"In what year did New York become the United States capital?"
] | {
"text": [
"1785"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3607 | 56bf76ef3aeaaa14008c9664 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé attended St. Mary's Elementary School in Fredericksburg, Texas, where she enrolled in dance classes. Her singing talent was discovered when dance instructor Darlette Johnson began humming a song and she finished it, able to hit the high-pitched notes. Beyoncé's interest in music and performing continued after w... | Which of her teachers discovered Beyonce's musical talent? | Which of her teachers discovered Beyonce's musical talent? | [
"Which of her teachers discovered Beyonce's musical talent?"
] | {
"text": [
"dance instructor Darlette Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27388 | 572f9165a23a5019007fc771 | Transistor | FETs are further divided into depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types, depending on whether the channel is turned on or off with zero gate-to-source voltage. For enhancement mode, the channel is off at zero bias, and a gate potential can "enhance" the conduction. For the depletion mode, the channel is on at zero bias... | How are FET's separated? | How are FET's separated? | [
"How are FET's separated?"
] | {
"text": [
"depletion-mode and enhancement-mode types"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3348 | 572645e3dd62a815002e802a | Southeast_Asia | The Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India are geographically considered part of Southeast Asia. Eastern Bangladesh and the Seven Sister States of India are culturally part of Southeast Asia and sometimes considered both South Asian and Southeast Asian. The Seven Sister States of India are also geographically part of Sou... | Which islands were a part of the Spanish East Indies? | Which islands were a part of the Spanish East Indies? | [
"Which islands were a part of the Spanish East Indies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included so are Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112821 | 570b28f1ec8fbc190045b89a | Xbox_360 | At the 2007, 2008, and 2009 Consumer Electronics Shows, Microsoft had announced that IPTV services would soon be made available to use through the Xbox 360. In 2007, Microsoft chairman Bill Gates stated that IPTV on Xbox 360 was expected to be available to consumers by the holiday season, using the Microsoft TV IPTV Ed... | At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360? | At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360? | [
"At what conventions did Microsoft announce IPTV support through the 360?"
] | {
"text": [
"Consumer Electronics Shows"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80506 | 572679a5f1498d1400e8e0ff | Data_compression | In a further refinement of the direct use of probabilistic modelling, statistical estimates can be coupled to an algorithm called arithmetic coding. Arithmetic coding is a more modern coding technique that uses the mathematical calculations of a finite-state machine to produce a string of encoded bits from a series of ... | What can achieve superior compression? | What can achieve superior compression? | [
"What can achieve superior compression?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arithmetic coding"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28751 | 5ad355cd604f3c001a3fddaf | Pharmaceutical_industry | While highly effective, the requirement for injection limited the use of norepinephrine[clarification needed] and orally active derivatives were sought. A structurally similar compound, ephedrine, was identified by Japanese chemists in the Ma Huang plant and marketed by Eli Lilly as an oral treatment for asthma. Follow... | When was the American Medical Association developed? | When was the American Medical Association developed? | [
"When was the American Medical Association developed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18621 | 5726e8e4708984140094d582 | Nigeria | The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constel... | What was Nigeria's first satellite called? | What was Nigeria's first satellite called? | [
"What was Nigeria's first satellite called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nigeriasat-1"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20103 | 5733afd3d058e614000b6046 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 2015-2016, Notre Dame ranked 18th overall among "national universities" in the United States in U.S. News & World Report's Best Colleges 2016. In 2014, USA Today ranked Notre Dame 10th overall for American universities based on data from College Factual. Forbes.com's America's Best Colleges ranks Notre Dame 13th amo... | In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities? | In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities? | [
"In 2014 what entity named Notre Dame 10th best of all American universities?"
] | {
"text": [
"USA Today"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66751 | 57279998dd62a815002ea1a5 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Gorbachev refused to make any changes to the status of Nagorno Karabakh, which remained part of Azerbaijan. He instead sacked the Communist Party Leaders in both Republics – on May 21, 1988, Kamran Baghirov was replaced by Abdulrahman Vezirov as First Secretary of the Azerbaijan Communist Party. From July 23 to Septemb... | Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov? | Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov? | [
"Who was First Secretary prior to Vezirov?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kamran Baghirov"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65875 | 5719eb7c10f8ca1400304ea3 | Seattle | Temperature extremes are moderated by the adjacent Puget Sound, greater Pacific Ocean, and Lake Washington. The region is largely shielded from Pacific storms by the Olympic Mountains and from Arctic air by the Cascade Range. Despite being on the margin of the rain shadow of the Olympic Mountains, the city has a reputa... | What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds? | What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds? | [
"What geologic feature protects Seattle from the Arctic cold winds?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cascade Range"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98215 | 56f87c08aef23719006260f5 | Alps | Important geological concepts were established as naturalists began studying the rock formations of the Alps in the 18th century. In the mid-19th century the now defunct theory of geosynclines was used to explain the presence of "folded" mountain chains but by the mid-20th century the theory of plate tectonics became w... | What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century? | What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century? | [
"What theory was more widely accepted by the mid-20th century? "
] | {
"text": [
"the theory of plate tectonics"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53578 | 5ad261dad7d075001a429077 | Dialect | Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same authority regarding ... | A more sociolinguistic notion, what is the term for another criterion for distinguishing German dictionarys? | A more sociolinguistic notion, what is the term for another criterion for distinguishing German dictionarys? | [
"A more sociolinguistic notion, what is the term for another criterion for distinguishing German dictionarys?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.