gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-7546 | 5a8c452afd22b3001a8d8692 | Database | IBM started working on a prototype system loosely based on Codd's concepts as System R in the early 1970s. The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a ... | When was IBM's system stolen? | When was IBM's system stolen? | [
"When was IBM's system stolen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68605 | 570ade206d058f1900183137 | Mesozoic | The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M... | When did the Mesozoic end? | When did the Mesozoic end? | [
"When did the Mesozoic end?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116114 | 5733f8154776f419006615ef | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab is Pakistan's second largest province in terms of land area at 205,344 km2 (79,284 sq mi), after Balochistan, and is located at the north western edge of the geologic Indian plate in South Asia. The province is bordered by Kashmir (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan and Jammu and Kashmir, India) to the northeast, the Indian... | How many square miles is Punjab? | How many square miles is Punjab? | [
"How many square miles is Punjab?"
] | {
"text": [
"79,284"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97628 | 56d3971459d6e414001467cd | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's original publishers included Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel. His works soon began to appear in popular 19th-century piano anthologies. The first collected edition was by Breitkopf & Härtel (1878–1902). Among modern scholarly editions of Chopin's works are the version under the name of Paderewski publis... | Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin? | Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin? | [
"Maurice Schlesinger and Camille Pleyel were what to Chopin?"
] | {
"text": [
"original publishers"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75986 | 5a4d33057a6c4c001a2bbc35 | Web_browser | Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002. | What did Microsoft releasing Mosaic cause? | What did Microsoft releasing Mosaic cause? | [
"What did Microsoft releasing Mosaic cause?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82036 | 5acfc21f77cf76001a685d25 | Royal_assent | When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when... | When the Royal Assent Act 1967 is not followed, assent is considered granted when? | When the Royal Assent Act 1967 is not followed, assent is considered granted when? | [
"When the Royal Assent Act 1967 is not followed, assent is considered granted when?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57032 | 5728b4f54b864d1900164c84 | Apollo | The etymology of the name is uncertain. The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellai... | What is offered at the initiation of young men during familly-festival apellai? | What is offered at the initiation of young men during familly-festival apellai? | [
"What is offered at the initiation of young men during familly-festival apellai?"
] | {
"text": [
"apellaia"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94318 | 5727cd664b864d1900163d78 | Cork_(city) | Public bus services within the city are provided by the national bus operator Bus Éireann. City routes are numbered from 201 through to 219 and connect the city centre to the principal suburbs, colleges, shopping centres and places of interest. Two of these bus routes provide orbital services across the Northern and So... | Who runs the public busses in Cork? | Who runs the public busses in Cork? | [
"Who runs the public busses in Cork?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bus Éireann"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38840 | 570c9c3eb3d812140066d251 | FC_Barcelona | In 2010, Forbes evaluated Barcelona's worth to be around €752 million (USD $1 billion), ranking them fourth after Manchester United, Real Madrid, and Arsenal, based on figures from the 2008–09 season. According to Deloitte, Barcelona had a recorded revenue of €366 million in the same period, ranking second to Real Madr... | Besides Real Madrid and Arsenal,what other team is ahead of Barcelona in worth ranking? | Besides Real Madrid and Arsenal,what other team is ahead of Barcelona in worth ranking? | [
"Besides Real Madrid and Arsenal,what other team is ahead of Barcelona in worth ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manchester United"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25143 | 56d005a1234ae51400d9c27f | New_York_City | The city is represented in the National Football League by the New York Giants and the New York Jets, although both teams play their home games at MetLife Stadium in nearby East Rutherford, New Jersey, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII in 2014. | When was the most recent superbowl held in NYC for football? | When was the most recent superbowl held in NYC for football? | [
"When was the most recent superbowl held in NYC for football?"
] | {
"text": [
"2014"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58301 | 570aa9564103511400d598dd | Federal_Aviation_Administration | On the eve of America's entry into World War II, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports. This expanded role eventually became permanent after the war. The application of radar to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial a... | What helped ATC controllers in their drive ot keep ahead of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation? | What helped ATC controllers in their drive ot keep ahead of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation? | [
"What helped ATC controllers in their drive ot keep ahead of the postwar boom in commercial air transportation?"
] | {
"text": [
"radar"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17910 | 56cf6133aab44d1400b89191 | Spectre_(2015_film) | In India, it was reported that the Indian Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) censored kissing scenes featuring Monica Bellucci, Daniel Craig, and Léa Seydoux. They also muted all profanity. This prompted criticism of the board online, especially on Twitter. | Which social media site was used for complaining about the Indian censoring? | Which social media site was used for complaining about the Indian censoring? | [
"Which social media site was used for complaining about the Indian censoring?"
] | {
"text": [
"Twitter."
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93900 | 572e898bdfa6aa1500f8d0f1 | Cyprus | The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the politics on the island, as well as Greco-Turkish relations. Around 150,000 settlers from Turkey are believed to be living in the north—many of whom were forced from Turkey by the Turkish government—in violation of the Geneva Convention and various UN resolutions. Following ... | What happened to ports on Cyprus after capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops? | What happened to ports on Cyprus after capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops? | [
"What happened to ports on Cyprus after capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops?"
] | {
"text": [
"all of its ports of entry in the north were closed"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88085 | 572c0233dfb02c14005c6b51 | God | Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", bec... | What category does NOMA fall under? | What category does NOMA fall under? | [
"What category does NOMA fall under?"
] | {
"text": [
"theology"
],
"answer_start": [
866
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51263 | 572b32b2be1ee31400cb828e | Empiricism | During the Middle Ages Aristotle's theory of tabula rasa was developed by Islamic philosophers starting with Al Farabi, developing into an elaborate theory by Avicenna and demonstrated as a thought experiment by Ibn Tufail. For Avicenna (Ibn Sina), for example, the tabula rasa is a pure potentiality that is actualized ... | What religion was Al Farabi? | What religion was Al Farabi? | [
"What religion was Al Farabi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamic"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72724 | 570fd1685ab6b81900391042 | Dell | Dell traces its origins to 1984, when Michael Dell created Dell Computer Corporation, which at the time did business as PC's Limited, while a student of the University of Texas at Austin. The dorm-room headquartered company sold IBM PC-compatible computers built from stock components. Dell dropped out of school to focu... | How much did Dell receive as capital from his family? | How much did Dell receive as capital from his family? | [
"How much did Dell receive as capital from his family?"
] | {
"text": [
"$1,000"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1183 | 5a4e75e0755ab9001a10f469 | Airport | Most of the world's airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the United Kingdom the state-owned British Airports Authority originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airpor... | What happened to Fraport when it was taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium? | What happened to Fraport when it was taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium? | [
"What happened to Fraport when it was taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85415 | 5a7a6fa621c2de001afe9c44 | European_Central_Bank | From late 2009 a handful of mainly southern eurozone member states started being unable to repay their national Euro-denominated government debt or to finance the bail-out of troubled financial sectors under their national supervision without the assistance of third parties. This so-called European debt crisis began af... | Who ignored Greece's financial crisis the most? | Who ignored Greece's financial crisis the most? | [
"Who ignored Greece's financial crisis the most?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44049 | 56d12d3c17492d1400aabb6b | Kanye_West | Adams sent condolences to Donda West's family but declined to publicly discuss the procedure, citing confidentiality. West’s family, through celebrity attorney Ed McPherson, filed complaints with the Medical Board against Adams and Aboolian for violating patient confidentiality following her death. Adams had previously... | On what day did the final coroner's report show that Donda died from heart disease and complications from surgery? | On what day did the final coroner's report show that Donda died from heart disease and complications from surgery? | [
"On what day did the final coroner's report show that Donda died from heart disease and complications from surgery?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 10, 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2659 | 56d2946f59d6e414001460d2 | Buddhism | Native Mahayana Buddhism is practiced today in China, Japan, Korea, Singapore, parts of Russia and most of Vietnam (also commonly referred to as "Eastern Buddhism"). The Buddhism practiced in Tibet, the Himalayan regions, and Mongolia is also Mahayana in origin, but is discussed below under the heading of Vajrayana (al... | Native Mahayana buddhism is also called what? | Native Mahayana buddhism is also called what? | [
"Native Mahayana buddhism is also called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eastern Buddhism"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36250 | 5ace7db532bba1001ae4a809 | Printed_circuit_board | Areas that should not be soldered may be covered with solder resist (solder mask). One of the most common solder resists used today is called "LPI" (liquid photoimageable solder mask). A photo-sensitive coating is applied to the surface of the PWB, then exposed to light through the solder mask image film, and finally ... | Wet film solder mask is similar to what? | Wet film solder mask is similar to what? | [
"Wet film solder mask is similar to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22151 | 56e783a900c9c71400d77203 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | In 2010, Executive Order 13526 created the National Declassification Center to coordinate declassification practices across agencies, provide secure document services to other agencies, and review records in NARA custody for declassification. | What year was Executive Order 13526 created? | What year was Executive Order 13526 created? | [
"What year was Executive Order 13526 created?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60726 | 570af9f26b8089140040f665 | Gregorian_calendar | Philip II of Spain decreed the change from the Julian to the Gregorian calendar, which affected much of Roman Catholic Europe, as Philip was at the time ruler over Spain and Portugal as well as much of Italy. In these territories, as well as in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (ruled by Anna Jagiellon) and in the Pap... | What was the last day the Julian calendar was used? | What was the last day the Julian calendar was used? | [
"What was the last day the Julian calendar was used?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thursday, 4 October 1582"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7666 | 572fb814a23a5019007fc8de | Database | Sometimes it is desired to bring a database back to a previous state (for many reasons, e.g., cases when the database is found corrupted due to a software error, or if it has been updated with erroneous data). To achieve this a backup operation is done occasionally or continuously, where each desired database state (i.... | What parameter is requiret to restore a database? | What parameter is requiret to restore a database? | [
"What parameter is requiret to restore a database?"
] | {
"text": [
"desired point in time"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79117 | 56cda5a862d2951400fa67b8 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Special bundles of the game contain a Wolf Link Amiibo figurine, which unlocks a Wii U-exclusive dungeon called the "Cave of Shadows" and can carry data over to the upcoming 2016 Zelda game. Other Zelda-related Amiibo figurines have distinct functions: Link and Toon Link replenish arrows, Zelda and Sheik restore Link's... | What is the name of the area that players with the Wolf Link Amiibo can access? | What is the name of the area that players with the Wolf Link Amiibo can access? | [
"What is the name of the area that players with the Wolf Link Amiibo can access?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cave of Shadows"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72396 | 57266792dd62a815002e83d1 | Greece | Estimates of the recognized Greek Muslim minority, which is mostly located in Thrace, range from 98,000 to 140,000, (about 1%) while the immigrant Muslim community numbers between 200,000 and 300,000. Albanian immigrants to Greece are usually associated with the Muslim religion, although most are secular in orientation... | The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city? | The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city? | [
"The Muslim minority is mostly located in what city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thrace"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18012 | 56dfc016231d4119001abd8e | Internet_service_provider | Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services. Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation. | Who provides a virtual server service? | Who provides a virtual server service? | [
"Who provides a virtual server service?"
] | {
"text": [
"Internet hosting services"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19403 | 5a3b55bc3ff257001ab8440f | Rule_of_law | East Asian cultures are influenced by two schools of thought, Confucianism, which advocated good governance as rule by leaders who are benevolent and virtuous, and Legalism, which advocated strict adherence to law. The influence of one school of thought over the other has varied throughout the centuries. One study indi... | What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism? | What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism? | [
"What kind of leader is advocated for under legalism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61766 | 5ace399032bba1001ae49f35 | Madrasa | The term "Islamic education" means education in the light of Islam itself, which is rooted in the teachings of the Quran - holy book of Muslims. Islamic education and Muslim education are not the same. Because Islamic education has epistemological integration which is founded on Tawhid - Oneness or monotheism. For deta... | What is the meaning of non-Islamic education? | What is the meaning of non-Islamic education? | [
"What is the meaning of non-Islamic education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109488 | 56ddee0866d3e219004dae1d | Dutch_Republic | In the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579, Holland and Zeeland were granted the right to accept only one religion (in practice, Calvinism). Every other province had the freedom to regulate the religious question as it wished, although the Union stated every person should be free in the choice of personal religion and ... | What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion? | What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion? | [
"What granted Holland and Zeeland the right to accept only one religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Union of Utrecht of 20 January 1579"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44717 | 56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0214 | Gene | The expression of genes encoded in DNA begins by transcribing the gene into RNA, a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA, but whose monomers contain the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA also contains the base uracil in place of thymine. RNA molecules are less stable than DNA and are typically... | What are codons? | What are codons? | [
"What are codons?"
] | {
"text": [
"a series of three-nucleotide sequences"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91178 | 5ace2be032bba1001ae49c8b | Avicenna | Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Emp... | Who was born in the 9th century? | Who was born in the 9th century? | [
"Who was born in the 9th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39146 | 5731db10e99e3014001e634f | Protestantism | In the United States and elsewhere in the world, there has been a marked rise in the evangelical wing of Protestant denominations, especially those that are more exclusively evangelical, and a corresponding decline in the mainstream liberal churches. In the post–World War I era, Liberal Christianity was on the rise, an... | When did conservative churches start to increase? | When did conservative churches start to increase? | [
"When did conservative churches start to increase?"
] | {
"text": [
"In the post–World War II era"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17999 | 5a10dac206e79900185c3426 | Internet_service_provider | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | What online service does not provide storage? | What online service does not provide storage? | [
"What online service does not provide storage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88237 | 56d89c3ebfea0914004b76f2 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The 2008 Summer Olympics torch relay was run from March 24 until August 8, 2008, prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics, with the theme of "one world, one dream". Plans for the relay were announced on April 26, 2007, in Beijing, China. The relay, also called by the organizers as the "Journey of Harmony", lasted 129 days and... | How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics? | How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics? | [
"How many days did people carry the Olympic torch before the 2008 Summer Olympics?"
] | {
"text": [
"129 days"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51998 | 572a7048fed8de19000d5c0e | Miami | Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a major center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers, and biotechnology industries. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known ... | What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"? | What is called the "Cruise Capital of the World"? | [
"What is called the \"Cruise Capital of the World\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Port of Miami"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44941 | 5ace27d732bba1001ae49be0 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in... | Sony Corporation of China bought CBS Records in what year? | Sony Corporation of China bought CBS Records in what year? | [
"Sony Corporation of China bought CBS Records in what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98586 | 5a5fa1c5eae51e001ab14b5f | Marvel_Comics | All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan. In 2009 writer Geoff Bouch... | Who compared DC comics to the Beatles? | Who compared DC comics to the Beatles? | [
"Who compared DC comics to the Beatles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111811 | 572bc3cf111d821400f38f7e | Education | At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impa... | What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings? | What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings? | [
"What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings?"
] | {
"text": [
"not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48760 | 5a8604abb4e223001a8e73a9 | War_on_Terror | Other critics, such as Francis Fukuyama, note that "terrorism" is not an enemy, but a tactic; calling it a "war on terror", obscures differences between conflicts such as anti-occupation insurgents and international mujahideen. With a military presence in Iraq and Afghanistan and its associated collateral damage Shirle... | Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies? | Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies? | [
"Most of the world has agreed on what kinds of policies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84108 | 5a7e393270df9f001a8755a1 | Translation | Meanwhile, in Renaissance Italy, a new period in the history of translation had opened in Florence with the arrival, at the court of Cosimo de' Medici, of the Byzantine scholar Georgius Gemistus Pletho shortly before the fall of Constantinople to the Turks (1453). A Latin translation of Plato's works was undertaken by ... | Whose court did Pletho buy and begin a new period of translation in Renaissance Italy? | Whose court did Pletho buy and begin a new period of translation in Renaissance Italy? | [
"Whose court did Pletho buy and begin a new period of translation in Renaissance Italy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32439 | 5ad2a31ad7d075001a429d39 | Antarctica | Aristotle wrote in his book Meteorology about an Antarctic region in c. 350 B.C. Marinus of Tyre reportedly used the name in his unpreserved world map from the 2nd century A.D. The Roman authors Hyginus and Apuleius (1–2 centuries A.D.) used for the South Pole the romanized Greek name polus antarcticus, from which deri... | What is the Roman name for the South Pole? | What is the Roman name for the South Pole? | [
"What is the Roman name for the South Pole?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86141 | 573431a04776f41900661a49 | Tucson,_Arizona | Southeast Tucson continues to experience rapid residential development. The area includes Davis-Monthan Air Force Base. The area is considered to be south of Golf Links Road. It is the home of Santa Rita High School, Chuck Ford Park (Lakeside Park), Lakeside Lake, Lincoln Park (upper and lower), The Lakecrest Neighborh... | What is the goal of Civano? | What is the goal of Civano? | [
"What is the goal of Civano?"
] | {
"text": [
"showcase ecologically sound building practices and lifestyles"
],
"answer_start": [
736
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112733 | 570b20036b8089140040f750 | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 supports videos in Windows Media Video (WMV) format (including high-definition and PlaysForSure videos), as well as H.264 and MPEG-4 media. The December 2007 dashboard update added support for the playback of MPEG-4 ASP format videos. The console can also display pictures and perform slideshows of photo co... | What 3 video formats did the 360 support natively at launch? | What 3 video formats did the 360 support natively at launch? | [
"What 3 video formats did the 360 support natively at launch?"
] | {
"text": [
"Windows Media Video (WMV) format (including high-definition and PlaysForSure videos), as well as H.264 and MPEG-4"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96777 | 5727a9314b864d19001639c3 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central import... | How important is Jesus' death to modern theology? | How important is Jesus' death to modern theology? | [
"How important is Jesus' death to modern theology?"
] | {
"text": [
"central importance"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15277 | 572fc0b5a23a5019007fc973 | Hyderabad | Public and private schools in Hyderabad are governed by the Central Board of Secondary Education and follow a "10+2+3" plan. About two-thirds of pupils attend privately run institutions. Languages of instruction include English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu. Depending on the institution, students are required to sit the Seco... | Which languages are used for teaching in the schools of Hyderabad? | Which languages are used for teaching in the schools of Hyderabad? | [
"Which languages are used for teaching in the schools of Hyderabad?"
] | {
"text": [
"English, Hindi, Telugu and Urdu"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109301 | 5727a4574b864d1900163925 | Carnival | A uniquely Creole tradition is the touloulous. These women wear decorative gowns, gloves, masks and headdresses that cover them completely, making them unrecognisable, even to the colour of their skin. On Friday and Saturday nights of Carnival, touloulou balls are held in so-called universities; in reality, large dance... | Why are Touloulous given free condoms? | Why are Touloulous given free condoms? | [
"Why are Touloulous given free condoms?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the interest of the sexual health"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42835 | 570d5595b3d812140066d6e6 | Franco-Prussian_War | The Prussian army was controlled by the General Staff, under Field Marshal Helmuth von Moltke. The Prussian army was unique in Europe for having the only such organisation in existence, whose purpose in peacetime was to prepare the overall war strategy, and in wartime to direct operational movement and organise logisti... | The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place? | The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place? | [
"The officers of the General Staff were hand-selected from which place?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prussian Kriegsakademie (War Academy)"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46209 | 57324f0de99e3014001e669a | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community impro... | What do Jehovah Witnesses feel all the traditional holidays reflect? | What do Jehovah Witnesses feel all the traditional holidays reflect? | [
"What do Jehovah Witnesses feel all the traditional holidays reflect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Satan's control over the world"
],
"answer_start": [
813
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50102 | 5a8209af31013a001a335129 | Phonology | An integrated approach to phonological theory that combines synchronic and diachronic accounts to sound patterns was initiated with Evolutionary Phonology in recent years. | When did diachronic come into being? | When did diachronic come into being? | [
"When did diachronic come into being?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87329 | 56d123c417492d1400aaba4c | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Despite Tom's conviction, Bob Ewell is humiliated by the events of the trial, Atticus explaining that he "destroyed [Ewell's] last shred of credibility at that trial." Ewell vows revenge, spitting in Atticus' face, trying to break into the judge's house, and menacing Tom Robinson's widow. Finally, he attacks the defens... | Who rescued Scout and Jem? | Who rescued Scout and Jem? | [
"Who rescued Scout and Jem?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boo Radley"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42440 | 5ad27cb0d7d075001a42969a | Karl_Popper | Gray does not, however, give any indication of what available evidence these theories were at odds with, and his appeal to "crucial support" illustrates the very inductivist approach to science that Popper sought to show was logically illegitimate. For, according to Popper, Einstein's theory was at least equally as wel... | Who wrote several decades after Gray's criticism? | Who wrote several decades after Gray's criticism? | [
"Who wrote several decades after Gray's criticism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63382 | 5725c87eec44d21400f3d564 | Buckingham_Palace | Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some fu... | King William thought about converting the palace into what after a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster in 1834? | King William thought about converting the palace into what after a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster in 1834? | [
"King William thought about converting the palace into what after a fire destroyed the Palace of Westminster in 1834?"
] | {
"text": [
"new Houses of Parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
847
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64781 | 57341a094776f41900661873 | Portugal | According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditi... | What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic? | What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic? | [
"What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic?"
] | {
"text": [
"81.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5035 | 56e13eb6cd28a01900c676f0 | Boston | The median household income in Boston was $51,739, while the median income for a family was $61,035. Full-time year-round male workers had a median income of $52,544 versus $46,540 for full-time year-round female workers. The per capita income for the city was $33,158. 21.4% of the population and 16.0% of families are ... | What is the average income for a full time female worker? | What is the average income for a full time female worker? | [
"What is the average income for a full time female worker?"
] | {
"text": [
"$46,540"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77112 | 5a297af903c0e7001a3e17a6 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | The Sustainable Development Goals are ambitious, and they will require enormous efforts across countries, continents, industries and disciplines - but they are achievable. UNFPA is working with governments, partners and other UN agencies to directly tackle many of these goals - in particular Goal 3 on health, Goal 4 on... | The third of the goals is to decrease what? | The third of the goals is to decrease what? | [
"The third of the goals is to decrease what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23301 | 5731b9d9b9d445190005e4c8 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jefferson and Madison's approach was not the only one taken in the eighteenth century. Jefferson's Statute of Religious Freedom was drafted in opposition to a bill, chiefly supported by Patrick Henry, which would permit any Virginian to belong to any denomination, but which would require him to belong to some denominat... | What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support? | What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support? | [
"What did Patrick Henry want to require Virginians to pay taxes to support?"
] | {
"text": [
"some denomination"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70506 | 56dfdeda231d4119001abe3d | Pub | CAMRA have surveyed the 50,000 pubs in Britain and they believe that there are very few pubs that still have classic snugs. These are on a historic interiors list in order that they can be preserved. | How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey? | How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey? | [
"How many pubs were part of the CAMRA survey?"
] | {
"text": [
"50,000"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12865 | 56dcd9ef9a695914005b944d | Republic_of_the_Congo | The Republic of the Congo (French: République du Congo), also known as Congo, Congo Republic, West Congo[citation needed], or Congo-Brazzaville, is a country located in Central Africa. It is bordered by five countries: Gabon to the west; Cameroon to the northwest; the Central African Republic to the northeast; the Demo... | Which country lies on Congo's northwest border? | Which country lies on Congo's northwest border? | [
"Which country lies on Congo's northwest border?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cameroon"
],
"answer_start": [
238
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44585 | 5707220e90286e26004fc93b | Chihuahua_(state) | Agriculture is a relatively small component of the state's economy and varies greatly due to the varying climate across the state. The state ranked first in Mexico for the production of the following crops: oats, chile verde, cotton, apples, pecans, and membrillo. The state has an important dairy industry with large mi... | Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what? | Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what? | [
"Agriculture varies across the state because of the variation in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"climate"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28868 | 5ad370ac604f3c001a3fe253 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | When was the first effective treatment for Streptomycin discovered? | When was the first effective treatment for Streptomycin discovered? | [
"When was the first effective treatment for Streptomycin discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47788 | 57268f1b708984140094ca1d | Napoleon | Napoleon knew that the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy in a head-to-head battle, so he planned to lure it away from the English Channel through diversionary tactics. The main strategic idea involved the French Navy escaping from the British blockades of Toulon and Brest and threatening to attack the West I... | Napoleon hoped an attack on the West Indies would cause the British to lessen their defenses where? | Napoleon hoped an attack on the West Indies would cause the British to lessen their defenses where? | [
" Napoleon hoped an attack on the West Indies would cause the British to lessen their defenses where?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Western Approaches"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32951 | 572823b93acd2414000df57e | Central_African_Republic | Presently, the Central African Republic has active television services, radio stations, internet service providers, and mobile phone carriers; Socatel is the leading provider for both internet and mobile phone access throughout the country. The primary governmental regulating bodies of telecommunications are the Minist... | Which body regulated communications? | Which body regulated communications? | [
"Which body regulated communications?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ministère des Postes and Télécommunications et des Nouvelles Technologies"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115161 | 5a39e3502f14dd001ac7262f | Mammal | In an influential 1988 paper, Timothy Rowe defined Mammalia phylogenetically as the crown group mammals, the clade consisting of the most recent common ancestor of living monotremes (echidnas and platypuses) and therian mammals (marsupials and placentals) and all descendants of that ancestor. Since this ancestor lived ... | How did Timothy Rowe define Mammalia in the mid 19th century? | How did Timothy Rowe define Mammalia in the mid 19th century? | [
"How did Timothy Rowe define Mammalia in the mid 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116285 | 5a690a478476ee001a58aa1c | Punjab,_Pakistan | As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisal... | Who was responsible for the load shedding? | Who was responsible for the load shedding? | [
"Who was responsible for the load shedding?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51762 | 570c5109b3d812140066d0d7 | John,_King_of_England | Baronial unrest in England prevented the departure of the planned 1205 expedition, and only a smaller force under William Longespée deployed to Poitou. In 1206 John departed for Poitou himself, but was forced to divert south to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile. After a successful campaign agains... | Why did John divert south? | Why did John divert south? | [
"Why did John divert south?"
] | {
"text": [
"to counter a threat to Gascony from Alfonso VIII of Castile"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61879 | 5ace7cb632bba1001ae4a7d3 | Madrasa | However, the classification of madaris as "universities" is disputed on the question of understanding of each institution on its own terms. In madaris, the ijāzahs were only issued in one field, the Islamic religious law of sharīʻah, and in no other field of learning. Other academic subjects, including the natural scie... | Who disallowed when a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris? | Who disallowed when a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris? | [
"Who disallowed when a student earned a law degree in undergraduate madaris?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111547 | 573236d2e17f3d1400422738 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Constantine's nephew Julian rejected the "Galilean madness" of his upbringing for an idiosyncratic synthesis of neo-Platonism, Stoic asceticism and universal solar cult. Julian became Augustus in 361 and actively but vainly fostered a religious and cultural pluralism, attempting a restitution of non-Christian practices... | What building did Julian want to rebuild? | What building did Julian want to rebuild? | [
"What building did Julian want to rebuild?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jerusalem's temple"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82298 | 5726b072f1498d1400e8e76d | Pesticide | The following sulfonylureas have been commercialized for weed control: amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron-methyl, chlorimuron-ethyl, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flupyrsulfuron-methyl-sodium, halosulfuron-methyl, imazosulfuron, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron-methyl, pyrazosulfuron-ethyl, rimsulfuron, ... | Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides? | Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides? | [
"Nicosulfuron, triflusulfuron methyl and chlorsulfuron can be classified as what type of pesticides?"
] | {
"text": [
"broad-spectrum herbicides"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7176 | 5ad4fc2f5b96ef001a10a88e | Red | The red flag appeared as a political symbol during the French Revolution, after the fall of Bastille. A law adopted by the new government on October 20, 1789 authorized the Garde Nationale to raise the red flag in the event of a riot, to signal that the Garde would imminently intervene. During a demonstration on the Ch... | What happened during a 1971 demonstration? | What happened during a 1971 demonstration? | [
"What happened during a 1971 demonstration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48346 | 56fa4d06f34c681400b0c076 | Wood | New domestic housing in many parts of the world today is commonly made from timber-framed construction. Engineered wood products are becoming a bigger part of the construction industry. They may be used in both residential and commercial buildings as structural and aesthetic materials. | What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products? | What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products? | [
"What industry benefits greatly from engineered wood products?"
] | {
"text": [
"construction"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94062 | 5a7e45da70df9f001a87566d | Cork_(city) | Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandina... | Who was the founder of Dublin? | Who was the founder of Dublin? | [
"Who was the founder of Dublin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80160 | 5a6287f1f8d794001af1c0b3 | Samoa | The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces... | What would happen if rubber wasn't produced in Samoa? | What would happen if rubber wasn't produced in Samoa? | [
"What would happen if rubber wasn't produced in Samoa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108903 | 5a7a4b5117ab25001a8a048a | Literature | In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and dramas. Plato and Aristotle authore... | Which playwright provided the only real examples of the genre of New Comedy? | Which playwright provided the only real examples of the genre of New Comedy? | [
"Which playwright provided the only real examples of the genre of New Comedy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82226 | 57269f685951b619008f7802 | Pesticide | The World Health Organization and the UN Environment Programme estimate that each year, 3 million workers in agriculture in the developing world experience severe poisoning from pesticides, about 18,000 of whom die. Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developi... | Why are 99% of pesticide related deaths in underdeveloped countries? | Why are 99% of pesticide related deaths in underdeveloped countries? | [
"Why are 99% of pesticide related deaths in underdeveloped countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"inadequate regulation"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11200 | 5733e5704776f41900661455 | Anthropology | Anthrozoology (also known as "human–animal studies") is the study of interaction between living things. It is a burgeoning interdisciplinary field that overlaps with a number of other disciplines, including anthropology, ethology, medicine, psychology, veterinary medicine and zoology. A major focus of anthrozoologic re... | What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from? | What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from? | [
"What are some of the diverse range of fields scholars come to Anthrozoology from?"
] | {
"text": [
"anthropology, sociology, biology, and philosophy"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100280 | 56e10245e3433e1400422a97 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed] | What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system? | What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system? | [
"What was the accuracy range that China promised to offer in 2008 with the BeiDou system?"
] | {
"text": [
"10 meters"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80663 | 5a66c2c0f038b7001ab0c0f5 | Data_compression | Because interframe compression copies data from one frame to another, if the original frame is simply cut out (or lost in transmission), the following frames cannot be reconstructed properly. Some video formats, such as DV, compress each frame independently using intraframe compression. Making 'cuts' in intraframe-comp... | What is a type of intraframe? | What is a type of intraframe? | [
"What is a type of intraframe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43411 | 57262f14ec44d21400f3dbd5 | Korean_War | The North Korean contributions to the Chinese Communist victory were not forgotten after the creation of the People's Republic of China in 1949. As a token of gratitude, between 50,000 and 70,000 Korean veterans that served in the PLA were sent back along with their weapons, and they later played a significant role in ... | Who did China pledge to support if a conflict should occur between North and South Korea? | Who did China pledge to support if a conflict should occur between North and South Korea? | [
"Who did China pledge to support if a conflict should occur between North and South Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"the North Koreans"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80251 | 5a62a164f8d794001af1c173 | Samoa | Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Sup... | What rugby club did Francis Meli sign with in 2012? | What rugby club did Francis Meli sign with in 2012? | [
"What rugby club did Francis Meli sign with in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96776 | 5727a9314b864d19001639c2 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Jesus' death and resurrection underpin a variety of theological interpretations as to how salvation is granted to humanity. These interpretations vary widely in how much emphasis they place on the death of Jesus as compared to his words. According to the substitutionary atonement view, Jesus' death is of central import... | What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support? | What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support? | [
"What does Jesus' death and Resurrection support?"
] | {
"text": [
"how salvation is granted to humanity"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33615 | 5a67848df038b7001ab0c26a | Film_speed | The system was later extended to cover larger ranges and some of its practical shortcomings were addressed by the Austrian scientist Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) and Flemish-born botanist Walter Hecht (de) (1896–1960), (who, in 1919/1920, jointly developed their Eder–Hecht neutral wedge sensitometer measuring emulsion ... | What scientist suggested comparing the systems? | What scientist suggested comparing the systems? | [
"What scientist suggested comparing the systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54015 | 5ad3e62f604f3c001a3ff5c2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German ... | What country was the latest French Military effort? | What country was the latest French Military effort? | [
" What country was the latest French Military effort?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108054 | 5acd328807355d001abf38e6 | Estonian_language | When Estonia was invaded and occupied by the Soviet Union in World War II, the status of the Estonian language changed to the first of two official languages (Russian being the other one). As with Latvia many immigrants entered Estonia under Soviet encouragement. In the second half of the 1970s, the pressure of bilingu... | What country did not occupy Estonia? | What country did not occupy Estonia? | [
"What country did not occupy Estonia? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46214 | 5ad3dbad604f3c001a3ff3d1 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community impro... | What is one of the Protestant religions that enjoys celebrating Christmas with one another? | What is one of the Protestant religions that enjoys celebrating Christmas with one another? | [
"What is one of the Protestant religions that enjoys celebrating Christmas with one another?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54309 | 56defe90c65bf219000b3ead | Christian | The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26, after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: "[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The second mention of the term fol... | Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible? | Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible? | [
"Where is the first reference to the word Christian in the Bible?"
] | {
"text": [
"Acts 11:26"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100090 | 5ace5ba532bba1001ae4a3c7 | Guam | The U.S. military has proposed building a new aircraft carrier berth on Guam and moving 8,600 Marines, and 9,000 of their dependents, to Guam from Okinawa, Japan. Including the required construction workers, this buildup would increase Guam's population by 45%. In a February 2010 letter, the United States Environmental... | How many marines are stationed in Okinawa, Japan? | How many marines are stationed in Okinawa, Japan? | [
"How many marines are stationed in Okinawa, Japan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116123 | 5733f899d058e614000b66c6 | Punjab,_Pakistan | The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist... | What is Pakistan's capital? | What is Pakistan's capital? | [
"What is Pakistan's capital?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamabad"
],
"answer_start": [
607
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106754 | 5a84778c7cf838001a46a829 | East_India_Company | This Act clearly demarcated borders between the Crown and the Company. After this point, the Company functioned as a regularised subsidiary of the Crown, with greater accountability for its actions and reached a stable stage of expansion and consolidation. Having temporarily achieved a state of truce with the Crown, th... | What state in Malaya had no important settlements? | What state in Malaya had no important settlements? | [
"What state in Malaya had no important settlements?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79237 | 57276f50708984140094dd85 | Heian_period | Although Kammu had abandoned universal conscription in 792, he still waged major military offensives to subjugate the Emishi, possible descendants of the displaced Jōmon, living in northern and eastern Japan. After making temporary gains in 794, in 797 Kammu appointed a new commander, Sakanoue no Tamuramaro, under the ... | The imperial capital extended to the eastern edge of which Japanese island? | The imperial capital extended to the eastern edge of which Japanese island? | [
"The imperial capital extended to the eastern edge of which Japanese island?"
] | {
"text": [
"Honshū"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23144 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b797 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | What is Gabon's ranking? | What is Gabon's ranking? | [
"What is Gabon's ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"119th"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93547 | 5728479b4b864d19001648b3 | Estonia | On St. George's Night (Estonian: Jüriöö ülestõus) 23 April 1343, the indigenous Estonian population in the Duchy of Estonia, the Bishopric of Ösel-Wiek and the insular territories of the State of the Teutonic Order tried to rid themselves of the Danish and German rulers and landlords, who had conquered the country in t... | When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers? | When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers? | [
"When did the indigenous Estonians try to overthrow their Danish and German rulers?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. George's Night"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56032 | 56e79ec500c9c71400d773e4 | Arena_Football_League | Although the Arenafootball2 league played its tenth season in 2009, a conference call in December 2008 resulted in enough votes from owners and cooperation from the AFLPA for the AFL to suspend the entire 2009 season in order to create "a long-term plan to improve its economic model". In doing so, the AFL became the se... | In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season? | In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season? | [
"In what month and year was it decided to suspend the 2009 Arena Football League season?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50710 | 56e890ee99e8941900975e9e | Bern | Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada. | What year did they withdraw their bid? | What year did they withdraw their bid? | [
"What year did they withdraw their bid?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18046 | 5a10e3cc06e79900185c3454 | Internet_service_provider | Free ISPs are Internet service providers that provide service free of charge. Many free ISPs display advertisements while the user is connected; like commercial television, in a sense they are selling the user's attention to the advertiser. Other free ISPs, sometimes called freenets, are run on a nonprofit basis, usual... | Who accepts donations instead of charging for services? | Who accepts donations instead of charging for services? | [
"Who accepts donations instead of charging for services?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50563 | 572eb077c246551400ce451a | Neptune | Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly t... | What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close? | What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close? | [
"What near Neptune did a spacecraft visit dangerously close?"
] | {
"text": [
"Triton"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21689 | 5a653ebec2b11c001a425ce1 | Sumer | According to Archibald Sayce, the primitive pictograms of the early Sumerian (i.e. Uruk) era suggest that "Stone was scarce, but was already cut into blocks and seals. Brick was the ordinary building material, and with it cities, forts, temples and houses were constructed. The city was provided with towers and stood on... | What suggested that stone was common? | What suggested that stone was common? | [
"What suggested that stone was common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101342 | 5ad2886ed7d075001a42994b | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The Communist Party of Germany featured similar attitudes. In Die Welt, a communist newspaper published in Stockholm[e] the exiled communist leader Walter Ulbricht opposed the allies (Britain representing "the most reactionary force in the world") and argued: "The German government declared itself ready for friendly re... | Who publicly wanted war with Soviet Union | Who publicly wanted war with Soviet Union | [
"Who publicly wanted war with Soviet Union"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2334 | 56d1d643e7d4791d00902289 | Buddhism | An important guiding principle of Buddhist practice is the Middle Way (or Middle Path), which is said to have been discovered by Gautama Buddha prior to his enlightenment. The Middle Way has several definitions: | An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what? | An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what? | [
"An important guiding priciple of Buddhist practice is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Middle Way"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65223 | 5726c641708984140094d122 | Crimean_War | The immediate chain of events leading to France and the United Kingdom declaring war on Russia on 27 and 28 March 1854 came from the ambition of the French emperor Napoleon III to restore the grandeur of France. He wanted Catholic support that would come his way if he attacked Eastern Orthodoxy, as sponsored by Russia.... | What individual was responsible for France and the U.K declaring war on Russia? | What individual was responsible for France and the U.K declaring war on Russia? | [
"What individual was responsible for France and the U.K declaring war on Russia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Napoleon III"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
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