gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-87837 | 5ad3cdcd604f3c001a3ff1a8 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The 1961 eruption of Queen Mary's Peak forced the evacuation of the entire population via Cape Town to England. The following year a Royal Society expedition went to the islands to assess the damage, and reported that the settlement of Edinburgh of the Seven Seas had been only marginally affected. Most families returne... | By when had most families left the islands? | By when had most families left the islands? | [
"By when had most families left the islands?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54928 | 570d35c0fed7b91900d45d18 | Macintosh | In 1998, Apple introduced its new iMac which, like the original 128K Mac, was an all-in-one computer. Its translucent plastic case, originally Bondi blue and later various additional colors, is considered an industrial design landmark of the late 1990s. The iMac did away with most of Apple's standard (and usually propr... | What did the iMac need to use in order to write CDs or other media? | What did the iMac need to use in order to write CDs or other media? | [
"What did the iMac need to use in order to write CDs or other media?"
] | {
"text": [
"external third-party hardware"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31551 | 570d3a3cfed7b91900d45d51 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The most extreme case was the Soviet Union, and this model may still be followed in some countries: it was a separate service, on a par with the navy or ground force. In the Soviet Union this was called Voyska PVO, and had both fighter aircraft and ground-based systems. This was divided into two arms, PVO Strany, the S... | Which country had the most severe case? | Which country had the most severe case? | [
"Which country had the most severe case?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15452 | 5706beac0eeca41400aa0df5 | Black_people | The term "Moors" has been used in Europe in a broader, somewhat derogatory sense to refer to Muslims, especially those of Arab or Berber descent, whether living in North Africa or Iberia. Moors were not a distinct or self-defined people. Medieval and early modern Europeans applied the name to Muslim Arabs, Berbers, Bla... | What kind of term is "Moors"? | What kind of term is "Moors"? | [
"What kind of term is \"Moors\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"derogatory"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61923 | 5ace800732bba1001ae4a872 | Madrasa | Prior to the 12th century, women accounted for less than one percent of the world’s Islamic scholars. However, al-Sakhawi and Mohammad Akram Nadwi have since found evidence of over 8,000 female scholars since the 15th century. al-Sakhawi devotes an entire volume of his 12-volume biographical dictionary al-Ḍawʾ al-lāmiʻ... | How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1600s? | How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1600s? | [
" How many female Islamic scholars were on record after the 1600s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64789 | 57341dde4776f419006618bd | Portugal | Within the white inescutcheon, the five quinas (small blue shields) with their five white bezants representing the five wounds of Christ (Portuguese: Cinco Chagas) when crucified and are popularly associated with the "Miracle of Ourique". The story associated with this miracle tells that before the Battle of Ourique (2... | On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place? | On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place? | [
"On what date did the Battle of Ourique take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 July 1139"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99232 | 5730401c04bcaa1900d7740d | 51st_state | This constitution was created when the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution in 1951. The acceptance of that constitution by Puerto Rico's electorate, the U.S. Congress, and the U.S. president occurred in 1952. In addition, the rights, priv... | How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about? | How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about? | [
"How was the Puerto Rican constitution brought about?"
] | {
"text": [
"the U.S. Congress directed local government to organize a constitutional convention to write the Puerto Rico Constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23151 | 5ad0d375645df0001a2d0596 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries? | [
" What are the two lowest ranking Sub-Saharan countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70401 | 56dfb914231d4119001abd06 | Pub | The original services of an inn are now also available at other establishments, such as hotels, lodges, and motels, which focus more on lodging customers than on other services, although they usually provide meals; pubs, which are primarily alcohol-serving establishments; and restaurants and taverns, which serve food a... | What is the main provision that pubs offer? | What is the main provision that pubs offer? | [
"What is the main provision that pubs offer?"
] | {
"text": [
"alcohol"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49712 | 56cc44b76d243a140015eeee | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | The Mongol prince Godan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, raided as far as Lhasa. During his attack in 1240, Prince Godan summoned Sakya Pandita (1182–1251), leader of the Sakya school of Tibetan Buddhism, to his court in what is now Gansu in Western China. With Sakya Pandita's submission to Godan in 1247, Tibet was officia... | Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire? | Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire? | [
"Who was the regent of the Mongol Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Töregene Khatun"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65462 | 5727b5bb4b864d1900163b02 | Detroit | Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, Detroit lost considerable population from the late 20th century to present. Between 2000 and 2010 the city's population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nation's 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,7... | By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century? | By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century? | [
"By how much has Detroit's population fallen this century?"
] | {
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31276 | 57264c97dd62a815002e80da | Germans | After Christianization, the Roman Catholic Church and local rulers led German expansion and settlement in areas inhabited by Slavs and Balts, known as Ostsiedlung. During the wars waged in the Baltic by the Catholic German Teutonic Knights; the lands inhabited by the ethnic group of the Old Prussians (the current refer... | The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what? | The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what? | [
"The Expansion of Germany by the Catholic Church into the areas of the Slavs and balts is know as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ostsiedlung"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72871 | 5ad36236604f3c001a3fdf89 | Dell | In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal com... | How much wasn't the potential enterprise value of Dell? | How much wasn't the potential enterprise value of Dell? | [
"How much wasn't the potential enterprise value of Dell?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64227 | 572836213acd2414000df70a | Annelid | The "Lophotrochozoa" hypothesis is also supported by the fact that many phyla within this group, including annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms, follow a similar pattern in the fertilized egg's development. When their cells divide after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern. In th... | How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves? | How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves? | [
"How do the cells of Lophotrochozoa eggs arrange themselves?"
] | {
"text": [
"after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110714 | 57300c2a04bcaa1900d77092 | Iran | As a result of the 19th century Russo-Persian wars, the Russians took over the Caucasus, and Iran irrevocably lost control over its integral territories in the region (comprising modern-day Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan), which got confirmed per the treaties of Gulistan and Turkmenchay. The area to the nor... | What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians? | What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians? | [
"What region consisting of Dagestan, Georgia, Armenia, & Azerbaijan did Iran lose control of to the Russians?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Caucasus"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54910 | 5ad5493b5b96ef001a10ac3e | Macintosh | Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa... | When Microsoft Windows 4.0 was released, what was it commonly said to not be as good as? | When Microsoft Windows 4.0 was released, what was it commonly said to not be as good as? | [
"When Microsoft Windows 4.0 was released, what was it commonly said to not be as good as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7374 | 5a13aadbc8eab200188dc9f1 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture was widely disseminated in the English colonies during the Georgian era. American buildings of the Georgian period were very often constructed of wood with clapboards; even columns were made of timber, framed up, and turned on an over-sized lathe. At the start of the period the difficulties of obt... | What type of architecture was sparsely scattered through the English colonies during the Georgian era | What type of architecture was sparsely scattered through the English colonies during the Georgian era | [
"What type of architecture was sparsely scattered through the English colonies during the Georgian era"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99962 | 5ace42c732bba1001ae4a0fc | Guam | Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet... | In what year was Fort Nuestra Senora de la Soledad built? | In what year was Fort Nuestra Senora de la Soledad built? | [
"In what year was Fort Nuestra Senora de la Soledad built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7735 | 56ddf552cffd8e1900b4b526 | Iranian_languages | The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the A... | What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language? | What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language? | [
"What ancient religious document exists in two versions and includes Old Iranian language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Avestan"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45960 | 5ad3ad1a604f3c001a3febde | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group claims a worldwide membership of more than 8.2 million adherents involved in evangelism, convention attendance figures of more than 15 million, and an annual Memorial a... | Where was Jehovah Witnesses founded? | Where was Jehovah Witnesses founded? | [
"Where was Jehovah Witnesses founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32598 | 570e0bb30b85d914000d7c94 | Antarctica | Although coal, hydrocarbons, iron ore, platinum, copper, chromium, nickel, gold and other minerals have been found, they have not been in large enough quantities to exploit. The 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty also restricts a struggle for resources. In 1998, a compromise agreement was... | What is the major economic activity near Antarctica? | What is the major economic activity near Antarctica? | [
"What is the major economic activity near Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"trading of fish"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60587 | 57277e815951b619008f8b51 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenu... | Which museum is located at Ann Arbors historic downtown fire station? | Which museum is located at Ann Arbors historic downtown fire station? | [
"Which museum is located at Ann Arbors historic downtown fire station?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25599 | 57310a3305b4da19006bcd0c | Namibia | Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas. Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost. As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much sinc... | Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what? | Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what? | [
"Urinating and defecating in public has been identified as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"major health hazard"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32815 | 5a32dddcbd0d7f001aef94ba | Central_African_Republic | In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings.... | Who did General Andre protest against in April 1979? | Who did General Andre protest against in April 1979? | [
"Who did General Andre protest against in April 1979?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82105 | 572ab654be1ee31400cb81c6 | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill? | Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill? | [
"Which article specifies the number of days available to the monarch to provide a signature on an assended bill?"
] | {
"text": [
"Article 91"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114704 | 570a7c684103511400d59769 | Emotion | In Scherer's components processing model of emotion, five crucial elements of emotion are said to exist. From the component processing perspective, emotion experience is said to require that all of these processes become coordinated and synchronized for a short period of time, driven by appraisal processes. Although th... | How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model? | How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model? | [
"How many important emotional elements are present in the components processing model?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97698 | 56d3a3df59d6e4140014685f | Frédéric_Chopin | With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November... | Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what? | Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what? | [
"Chopin was able to bring about a new sense of nationalism with his music because of his mazurkas and what?"
] | {
"text": [
"polonaises"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104012 | 570b9ec26b8089140040f9b8 | Infrared | High, cold ice clouds such as Cirrus or Cumulonimbus show up bright white, lower warmer clouds such as Stratus or Stratocumulus show up as grey with intermediate clouds shaded accordingly. Hot land surfaces will show up as dark-grey or black. One disadvantage of infrared imagery is that low cloud such as stratus or fog... | Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer? | Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer? | [
"Along with Stratus, what clouds are lower and warmer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stratocumulus"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11372 | 57277cf9708984140094df01 | North_Carolina | North Carolina was inhabited for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of prehistoric indigenous cultures. Before 200 AD, they were building earthwork mounds, which were used for ceremonial and religious purposes. Succeeding peoples, including those of the ancient Mississippian culture established by 1000 AD in the... | Who continued to build on to the religious mounds? | Who continued to build on to the religious mounds? | [
"Who continued to build on to the religious mounds?"
] | {
"text": [
"Succeeding peoples"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81957 | 5acfb8cb77cf76001a685a70 | Royal_assent | Special procedures apply to legislation passed by Tynwald, the legislature of the Isle of Man. Before the lordship of the Island was purchased by the British Crown in 1765 (the Revestment), the assent of the Lord of Mann to a bill was signified by letter to the governor. After 1765, royal assent was at first signified ... | After 1665, royal assent was signified how? | After 1665, royal assent was signified how? | [
"After 1665, royal assent was signified how?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43563 | 5726cdc6708984140094d1cf | Korean_War | In order to enlist Stalin's support, Zhou and a Chinese delegation left for Moscow on 8 October, arriving there on 10 October at which point they flew to Stalin's home at the Black Sea. There they conferred with the top Soviet leadership which included Joseph Stalin as well as Vyacheslav Molotov, Lavrentiy Beria and Ge... | Where did the fighting take place that rendered Soviet air support useless to the Chinese? | Where did the fighting take place that rendered Soviet air support useless to the Chinese? | [
"Where did the fighting take place that rendered Soviet air support useless to the Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"the south side of the Yalu"
],
"answer_start": [
923
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114955 | 5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e61 | Wayback_Machine | Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. | Who were sometimes permitted to attend the Archive's public ceremony? | Who were sometimes permitted to attend the Archive's public ceremony? | [
"Who were sometimes permitted to attend the Archive's public ceremony?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60949 | 5aceb71132bba1001ae4b140 | Police | As one of their first acts after end of the War of the Castilian Succession in 1479, Ferdinand and Isabella established the centrally organized and efficient Holy Brotherhood (Santa Hermandad) as a national police force. They adapted an existing brotherhood to the purpose of a general police acting under officials appo... | What doesn't Santa Hermandad mean? | What doesn't Santa Hermandad mean? | [
"What doesn't Santa Hermandad mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23265 | 5ad13aec645df0001a2d12ee | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The phrase "[A] hedge or wall of separation between the garden of the church and the wilderness of the world" was first used by Baptist theologian Roger Williams, the founder of the colony of Rhode Island, in his 1644 book The Bloody Tenent of Persecution. The phrase was later used by Thomas Jefferson as a description ... | Who was a non-Baptist theologian? | Who was a non-Baptist theologian? | [
"Who was a non-Baptist theologian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32315 | 5ad2b73fd7d075001a42a02c | Antarctica | The main mineral resource known on the continent is coal. It was first recorded near the Beardmore Glacier by Frank Wild on the Nimrod Expedition, and now low-grade coal is known across many parts of the Transantarctic Mountains. The Prince Charles Mountains contain significant deposits of iron ore. The most valuable r... | What is the main mineral resource of the Prince Charles Glacier? | What is the main mineral resource of the Prince Charles Glacier? | [
"What is the main mineral resource of the Prince Charles Glacier?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89558 | 572fad10b2c2fd140056830f | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | What helped cut down time standing in the queue for shelters? | What helped cut down time standing in the queue for shelters? | [
"What helped cut down time standing in the queue for shelters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tickets"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39807 | 57295be46aef051400154d6b | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the o... | Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven? | Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven? | [
"Including to the growth, what market chain have expanded nearby Downtown New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stop & Shop"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43247 | 5a860c4bb4e223001a8e73ff | Poultry | In free-range husbandry, the birds can roam freely outdoors for at least part of the day. Often, this is in large enclosures, but the birds have access to natural conditions and can exhibit their normal behaviours. A more intensive system is yarding, in which the birds have access to a fenced yard and poultry house at ... | What is the benefit to chickens of being in a caged location? | What is the benefit to chickens of being in a caged location? | [
"What is the benefit to chickens of being in a caged location?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41673 | 56d613011c85041400946eff | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | A direct chartered cargo flight was made by China Airlines from Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport to Chengdu Shuangliu International Airport sending some 100 tons of relief supplies donated by the Tzu Chi Foundation and the Red Cross Society of Taiwan to the affected areas. Approval from mainland Chinese authorities... | What Red Cross team left Taipei on May 16 | What Red Cross team left Taipei on May 16 | [
"What Red Cross team left Taipei on May 16"
] | {
"text": [
"rescue team"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87711 | 5a69073b8476ee001a58a9dc | IBM | Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. I... | What did Nintendo develop for all console gaming systems of the previous generation? | What did Nintendo develop for all console gaming systems of the previous generation? | [
"What did Nintendo develop for all console gaming systems of the previous generation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25220 | 56d11cb517492d1400aab9b5 | New_York_City | New York's high rate of public transit use, over 200,000 daily cyclists as of 2014, and many pedestrian commuters make it the most energy-efficient major city in the United States. Walk and bicycle modes of travel account for 21% of all modes for trips in the city; nationally the rate for metro regions is about 8%. In ... | Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike? | Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike? | [
"Each day, about how many New Yorkers bike?"
] | {
"text": [
"200,000"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10742 | 56fde15e761e401900d28c25 | Computer | In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3 was built with 2000 relays, implementing a 22 bit word length that operated at a clock frequency of about 5–10 Hz. Program code was supplied on punched film while... | When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer? | When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer? | [
"When did Konrad Zuse create the Z3 computer?"
] | {
"text": [
"1941"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75979 | 5a4d32477a6c4c001a2bbc2d | Web_browser | In 1993, browser software was further innovated by Marc Andreessen with the release of Mosaic, "the world's first popular browser", which made the World Wide Web system easy to use and more accessible to the average person. Andreesen's browser sparked the internet boom of the 1990s. The introduction of Mosaic in 1993 –... | When was the NCSA Navigator released by Mosaic? | When was the NCSA Navigator released by Mosaic? | [
"When was the NCSA Navigator released by Mosaic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75390 | 5ad157b6645df0001a2d180c | Labour_Party_(UK) | The party's performance held up in local elections in 2012 with Labour consolidating its position in the North and Midlands, while also regaining some ground in Southern England. In Wales the party enjoyed good successes, regaining control of most Welsh Councils lost in 2008, including the capital city, Cardiff. In Sco... | What did the Conservative party gain in Wales? | What did the Conservative party gain in Wales? | [
"What did the Conservative party gain in Wales?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91485 | 5acea7e632bba1001ae4af1f | Avicenna | Avicenna's legacy in classical psychology is primarily embodied in the Kitab al-nafs parts of his Kitab al-shifa (The Book of Healing) and Kitab al-najat (The Book of Deliverance). These were known in Latin under the title De Anima (treatises "on the soul").[dubious – discuss] Notably, Avicenna develops what is called ... | What is Avicenna's Book of Healing referred to in Muslim? | What is Avicenna's Book of Healing referred to in Muslim? | [
"What is Avicenna's Book of Healing referred to in Muslim?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105777 | 572f6665a23a5019007fc5d7 | Compact_disc | Replicated CDs are mass-produced initially using a hydraulic press. Small granules of heated raw polycarbonate plastic are fed into the press. A screw forces the liquefied plastic into the mold cavity. The mold closes with a metal stamper in contact with the disc surface. The plastic is allowed to cool and harden. Once... | How are CDs mass produced? | How are CDs mass produced? | [
"How are CDs mass produced?"
] | {
"text": [
"hydraulic press"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44321 | 5731ea7eb9d445190005e685 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas. The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras. The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto ... | As of 2000, how many people lived in Taguatinga? | As of 2000, how many people lived in Taguatinga? | [
"As of 2000, how many people lived in Taguatinga?"
] | {
"text": [
"243,575"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90986 | 572ab26634ae481900deac4e | John_Kerry | In 1970, Kerry had considered running for Congress in the Democratic primary against hawkish Democrat Philip J. Philbin of Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district, but deferred in favour of Robert Drinan, a Jesuit priest and anti-war activist, who went on to defeat Philbin. In February 1972, Kerry's wife bought a ho... | Why did Morse retire? | Why did Morse retire? | [
"Why did Morse retire?"
] | {
"text": [
"to become Under-Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs at the United Nations"
],
"answer_start": [
603
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99688 | 56fb7c988ddada1400cd6462 | Middle_Ages | The High Middle Ages was the formative period in the history of the modern Western state. Kings in France, England, and Spain consolidated their power, and set up lasting governing institutions. New kingdoms such as Hungary and Poland, after their conversion to Christianity, became Central European powers. The Magyars ... | Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary? | Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary? | [
"Who was king when the Magyars settled in Hungary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Árpád"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94835 | 57108b74a58dae1900cd6a11 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The term "Enlightenment" emerged in English in the later part of the 19th century, with particular reference to French philosophy, as the equivalent of the French term 'Lumières' (used first by Dubos in 1733 and already well established by 1751). From Immanuel Kant's 1784 essay "Beantwortung der Frage: Was ist Aufkläru... | What term became the German equivalent to the French term Lumieres? | What term became the German equivalent to the French term Lumieres? | [
"What term became the German equivalent to the French term Lumieres?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aufklärung"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111184 | 57319878e17f3d1400422255 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The myth of a Trojan founding with Greek influence was reconciled through an elaborate genealogy (the Latin kings of Alba Longa) with the well-known legend of Rome's founding by Romulus and Remus. The most common version of the twins' story displays several aspects of hero myth. Their mother, Rhea Silvia, had been orde... | What mythical characters were involved in the founding of Rome? | What mythical characters were involved in the founding of Rome? | [
"What mythical characters were involved in the founding of Rome?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romulus and Remus"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116072 | 5a8de14fdf8bba001a0f9d0a | Richard_Feynman | In Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!, he gives advice on the best way to pick up a girl in a hostess bar. At Caltech, he used a nude or topless bar as an office away from his usual office, making sketches or writing physics equations on paper placemats. When the county officials tried to close the place, all visitors ... | Where did Feynman lose his equations at the topless bar? | Where did Feynman lose his equations at the topless bar? | [
"Where did Feynman lose his equations at the topless bar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38274 | 572a22271d046914007797cb | Neolithic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | What items were found on the Korean farm site? | What items were found on the Korean farm site? | [
"What items were found on the Korean farm site?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pottery, stone projectile points, and possible houses"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38532 | 56deea683277331400b4d80b | Materialism | Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Dea... | What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins? | What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins? | [
"What is the name of the 1991 book by Paul Davies and John Gribbins?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Matter Myth"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106924 | 5ace58a832bba1001ae4a355 | Hunting | Even as animal domestication became relatively widespread and after the development of agriculture, hunting was usually a significant contributor to the human food supply. The supplementary meat and materials from hunting included protein, bone for implements, sinew for cordage, fur, feathers, rawhide and leather used ... | What would the Inuit people use to decorate their clothing? | What would the Inuit people use to decorate their clothing? | [
"What would the Inuit people use to decorate their clothing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66248 | 570bfb6dec8fbc190045bbf6 | ASCII | The inherent ambiguity of many control characters, combined with their historical usage, created problems when transferring "plain text" files between systems. The best example of this is the newline problem on various operating systems. Teletype machines required that a line of text be terminated with both "Carriage R... | Where does the name "Carriage Return" come from? | Where does the name "Carriage Return" come from? | [
"Where does the name \"Carriage Return\" come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"on a manual typewriter the carriage holding the paper moved while the position where the typebars struck the ribbon remained stationary"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50758 | 572e7e3cdfa6aa1500f8d041 | Seven_Years%27_War | Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Brit... | What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia? | What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia? | [
"What two countries concluded a separate peace with Prussia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia."
],
"answer_start": [
766
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47303 | 5726f2c6dd62a815002e95f6 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Before emerging as a pop star, Madonna has spent her early years in rock music alongside her bands, Breakfast Club and Emmy. While performing with Emmy, Madonna recorded about 12-14 songs which resemble the punk rock of that period. Her early rock roots also can be found on the demo album Pre-Madonna. Stephen Thomas Er... | Which genre did Madonna started out in? | Which genre did Madonna started out in? | [
"Which genre did Madonna started out in?"
] | {
"text": [
"rock music"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27510 | 5a62a550f8d794001af1c187 | Liberia | In 1822, the American Colonization Society began sending African-American volunteers to the Pepper Coast to establish a colony for freed African Americans. By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 African Americans to Liberia. These free African Americans and their... | What did African Americans moved to Liberia keep secret from the ACS? | What did African Americans moved to Liberia keep secret from the ACS? | [
"What did African Americans moved to Liberia keep secret from the ACS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14408 | 572f7858a23a5019007fc656 | Han_dynasty | Various cases for rape, physical abuse and murder were prosecuted in court. Women, although usually having fewer rights by custom, were allowed to level civil and criminal charges against men. While suspects were jailed, convicted criminals were never imprisoned. Instead, punishments were commonly monetary fines, perio... | What eventually replaced torturous mutilation as a type of punishment? | What eventually replaced torturous mutilation as a type of punishment? | [
"What eventually replaced torturous mutilation as a type of punishment?"
] | {
"text": [
"progressively less-severe beatings"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39 | 56f8abb19e9bad19000a02b3 | Guinea-Bissau | For a brief period in the 1790s, the British tried to establish a rival foothold on an offshore island, at Bolama. But by the 19th century the Portuguese were sufficiently secure in Bissau to regard the neighbouring coastline as their own special territory, also up north in part of present South Senegal. | What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau? | What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau? | [
"What rival did the Portuguese fend off in Guinea-Bissau?"
] | {
"text": [
"the British"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7599 | 572facde04bcaa1900d76bd1 | Database | The final stage of database design is to make the decisions that affect performance, scalability, recovery, security, and the like. This is often called physical database design. A key goal during this stage is data independence, meaning that the decisions made for performance optimization purposes should be invisible ... | What decisions must be made in the last stage of database design? | What decisions must be made in the last stage of database design? | [
"What decisions must be made in the last stage of database design?"
] | {
"text": [
"performance, scalability, recovery, security"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4935 | 56e1184ecd28a01900c6759b | Boston | The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activitie... | Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what? | Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what? | [
"Boston is internationally known for education and medicine because of its many what?"
] | {
"text": [
"colleges and universities"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112087 | 5728c94a2ca10214002da7c6 | Race_(human_categorization) | There is a wide consensus that the racial categories that are common in everyday usage are socially constructed, and that racial groups cannot be biologically defined. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that racial categories obviously correlate with biological traits (e.g. phenotype) to some degree, and that certain gen... | What type of group can't be biologically defined? | What type of group can't be biologically defined? | [
"What type of group can't be biologically defined?"
] | {
"text": [
"racial"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102820 | 5727b3b72ca10214002d944c | Unicode | Unicode has the explicit aim of transcending the limitations of traditional character encodings, such as those defined by the ISO 8859 standard, which find wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other. Many traditional character encodings share a common problem in that th... | What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings? | What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings? | [
"What is the major limitation of traditional character encodings?"
] | {
"text": [
"wide usage in various countries of the world but remain largely incompatible with each other"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88417 | 56db2356e7c41114004b4dfb | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 1, 2008, the San Francisco Board of Supervisors approved a resolution addressing human rights concerns when the Beijing Olympic torch arrives in San Francisco on April 9. The resolution would welcome the torch with "alarm and protest at the failure of China to meet its past solemn promises to the international... | When was a resolution agreed to about Chinese human rights issues in San Francisco? | When was a resolution agreed to about Chinese human rights issues in San Francisco? | [
"When was a resolution agreed to about Chinese human rights issues in San Francisco?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 1, 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11058 | 5ad2da79d7d075001a42a4b8 | Anthropology | One of the central problems in the anthropology of art concerns the universality of 'art' as a cultural phenomenon. Several anthropologists have noted that the Western categories of 'painting', 'sculpture', or 'literature', conceived as independent artistic activities, do not exist, or exist in a significantly differen... | What is a central problem of the study of art? | What is a central problem of the study of art? | [
"What is a central problem of the study of art?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70533 | 56dfe16f7aa994140058e207 | Pub | After the development of the large London Porter breweries in the 18th century, the trend grew for pubs to become tied houses which could only sell beer from one brewery (a pub not tied in this way was called a Free house). The usual arrangement for a tied house was that the pub was owned by the brewery but rented out ... | What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery? | What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery? | [
"What was the name for a pub that could sell beer from more than one brewery?"
] | {
"text": [
"a Free house"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20333 | 5a67044ff038b7001ab0c17a | Glass | Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. Fr... | What did archaeological excavations allow regular homes to have? | What did archaeological excavations allow regular homes to have? | [
"What did archaeological excavations allow regular homes to have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56798 | 5727c4faff5b5019007d94c6 | Gramophone_record | Stereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately dominant "45/45" stereophon... | What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound? | What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound? | [
"What was the benefit of 45/45 stereo sound?"
] | {
"text": [
"more natural listening experience"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42527 | 570ffeaab654c5140001f71c | Sexual_orientation | Depending on which component of sexual orientation is being assessed and referenced, different conclusions can be drawn about the prevalence rate of homosexuality which has real world consequences. Knowing how much of the population is made up of homosexual individuals influences how this population may be seen or trea... | Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s? | Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s? | [
"Who was the cahir of the national gay and lesbian task force in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bruce Voeller"
],
"answer_start": [
806
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50255 | 572e8e6bc246551400ce4347 | Neptune | In 1821, Alexis Bouvard published astronomical tables of the orbit of Neptune's neighbour Uranus. Subsequent observations revealed substantial deviations from the tables, leading Bouvard to hypothesise that an unknown body was perturbing the orbit through gravitational interaction. In 1843, John Couch Adams began work ... | Who gave John Couch Adams extra data? | Who gave John Couch Adams extra data? | [
"Who gave John Couch Adams extra data? "
] | {
"text": [
"Sir George Airy"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87313 | 56ce623aaab44d1400b88723 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | The story takes place during three years (1933–35) of the Great Depression in the fictional "tired old town" of Maycomb, Alabama, the seat of Maycomb County. It focuses on six-year-old Jean Louise Finch (Scout), who lives with her older brother, Jem, and their widowed father, Atticus, a middle-aged lawyer. Jem and Scou... | How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have? | How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have? | [
"How many children does the protagonist, Atticus Finch, have?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
778
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15764 | 5726ed3ddd62a815002e9572 | Chinese_characters | There is a clear trend toward the exclusive use of hangul in day-to-day South Korean society. Hanja are still used to some extent, particularly in newspapers, weddings, place names and calligraphy (although it is nowhere near the extent of kanji use in day-to-day Japanese society). Hanja is also extensively used in sit... | What is still being used according to experts? | What is still being used according to experts? | [
"What is still being used according to experts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hanja"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77848 | 5727d1683acd2414000ded2e | Strasbourg | The centre of Argentoratum proper was situated on the Grande Île (Cardo: current Rue du Dôme, Decumanus: current Rue des Hallebardes). The outline of the Roman "castrum" is visible in the street pattern in the Grande Ile. Many Roman artifacts have also been found along the current Route des Romains, the road that led t... | Where was the centre of Argentoratum situated? | Where was the centre of Argentoratum situated? | [
"Where was the centre of Argentoratum situated?"
] | {
"text": [
"Grande Île"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76118 | 5a4d569d755ab9001a10f3cc | Web_browser | Most browsers support HTTP Secure and offer quick and easy ways to delete the web cache, download history, form and search history, cookies, and browsing history. For a comparison of the current security vulnerabilities of browsers, see comparison of web browsers. | What does comparing browsing history show about your computer? | What does comparing browsing history show about your computer? | [
"What does comparing browsing history show about your computer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97887 | 573284c406a3a419008acaca | Humanism | Active in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work "humanism" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein an... | When did Charles Potter and Clara Potter publish their first writings on Humanism? | When did Charles Potter and Clara Potter publish their first writings on Humanism? | [
"When did Charles Potter and Clara Potter publish their first writings on Humanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"1930"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36427 | 5730221db2c2fd140056890a | Printed_circuit_board | During World War II, the development of the anti-aircraft proximity fuse required an electronic circuit that could withstand being fired from a gun, and could be produced in quantity. The Centralab Division of Globe Union submitted a proposal which met the requirements: a ceramic plate would be screenprinted with metal... | What was the plate used for anti-aircraft proximity fuses in World War II made out of? | What was the plate used for anti-aircraft proximity fuses in World War II made out of? | [
"What was the plate used for anti-aircraft proximity fuses in World War II made out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"ceramic"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38186 | 57305ed58ab72b1400f9c4a8 | Roman_Republic | Roman religious beliefs date back to the founding of Rome, around 800 BC. However, the Roman religion commonly associated with the republic and early empire did not begin until around 500 BC, when Romans came in contact with Greek culture, and adopted many of the Greek religious beliefs. Private and personal worship wa... | When did the Roman religion that is generally identified with the republic first established? | When did the Roman religion that is generally identified with the republic first established? | [
"When did the Roman religion that is generally identified with the republic first established? "
] | {
"text": [
"around 500 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31253 | 5729371d1d0469140077917f | Germans | The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the G... | What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity? | What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity? | [
"What five tribes are attributed with coalescing into a German ethnicity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53566 | 56e822d000c9c71400d775cb | Dialect | The most common, and most purely linguistic, criterion is that of mutual intelligibility: two varieties are said to be dialects of the same language if being a speaker of one variety confers sufficient knowledge to understand and be understood by a speaker of the other; otherwise, they are said to be different language... | What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects? | What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects? | [
"What trait is the most common way of determining if languages are dialects?"
] | {
"text": [
"mutual intelligibility"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114870 | 5a7de5f270df9f001a8752c7 | Matter | There is considerable speculation both in science and science fiction as to why the observable universe is apparently almost entirely matter, and whether other places are almost entirely antimatter instead. In the early universe, it is thought that matter and antimatter were equally represented, and the disappearance o... | What field of study speculates about science fiction? | What field of study speculates about science fiction? | [
"What field of study speculates about science fiction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108727 | 5a7d208870df9f001a874fbd | Literature | Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literat... | When did a more unrestricted sense of the term "literature" emerge? | When did a more unrestricted sense of the term "literature" emerge? | [
"When did a more unrestricted sense of the term \"literature\" emerge?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1192 | 5a4e77e1755ab9001a10f472 | Airport | Airports are divided into landside and airside areas. Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads. Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons. Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airp... | Where can you board a train through gates? | Where can you board a train through gates? | [
"Where can you board a train through gates?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83519 | 5ad26420d7d075001a42912f | Dominican_Order | Because the nuns of the order did not preach among the people, the need to engage in study was not as immediate or intense as it was for men. They did participate, however, in a number of intellectual activities. Along with sewing and embroidery, nuns often engaged in reading and discussing correspondence from Church l... | What Strasbourg monastery did some nuns not converse fluently in Latin? | What Strasbourg monastery did some nuns not converse fluently in Latin? | [
"What Strasbourg monastery did some nuns not converse fluently in Latin? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107513 | 57262d01ec44d21400f3dba6 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | On 20 May 2011, Royal Dutch Shell's final investment decision for the world's first floating liquefied natural gas (FLNG) facility was finalized following the discovery of the remote offshore Prelude field—located off Australia's northwestern coast and estimated to contain about 3 trillion cubic feet of natural gas equ... | On what developments was FLNG technology based? | On what developments was FLNG technology based? | [
"On what developments was FLNG technology based?"
] | {
"text": [
"liquefied natural gas (LNG)"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103620 | 5a3bedd8cc5d22001a521c28 | East_Prussia | Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III... | In what year was Emperor Leopold I crowned? | In what year was Emperor Leopold I crowned? | [
"In what year was Emperor Leopold I crowned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57967 | 5727364f708984140094daf6 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | This eventually led to LBJ's Civil Rights Act, which came shortly after President Kennedy's assassination. This document was more holistic than any President Kennedy had offered, and therefore more controversial. It aimed not only to integrate public facilities, but also private businesses that sold to the public, such... | What was the purpose of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act? | What was the purpose of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act? | [
"What was the purpose of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"to end discrimination in all firms with 25 or more employees"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111138 | 5a81feb231013a001a33507e | Group_(mathematics) | Lie groups are of fundamental importance in modern physics: Noether's theorem links continuous symmetries to conserved quantities. Rotation, as well as translations in space and time are basic symmetries of the laws of mechanics. They can, for instance, be used to construct simple models—imposing, say, axial symmetry o... | What measures the time and velocity of two observers? | What measures the time and velocity of two observers? | [
"What measures the time and velocity of two observers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56099 | 56e7a4c900c9c71400d77473 | Arena_Football_League | On November 12, the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to "reasons unrelated to League operations". A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new, long-term owners for the franchise. This leaves the AFL with eight teams for 2016. | Who were the defending champions of the Arena Football League? | Who were the defending champions of the Arena Football League? | [
"Who were the defending champions of the Arena Football League?"
] | {
"text": [
"San Jose SaberCats"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105575 | 5a5505bb134fea001a0e1805 | Communications_in_Somalia | The northeastern Puntland region has around six private radio stations, including Radio Garowe, Radio Daljir, Radio Codka-Nabbada and Radio Codka-Mudug. Radio Gaalkacyo, formerly known as Radio Free Somalia, operates from Galkayo in the north-central Mudug province. Additionally, the Somaliland region in the northwest ... | When did Radio Gaalkacyo receive its new name? | When did Radio Gaalkacyo receive its new name? | [
"When did Radio Gaalkacyo receive its new name?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106134 | 5725bbb1ec44d21400f3d48f | Hellenistic_period | Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the Leagu... | When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia? | When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia? | [
"When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia?"
] | {
"text": [
"352 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38907 | 572996166aef051400154ff2 | Serbo-Croatian | Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising ton... | What is the term used when shifing the acent to the next preceding syllable? | What is the term used when shifing the acent to the next preceding syllable? | [
"What is the term used when shifing the acent to the next preceding syllable?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Neoshtokavian retraction\""
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111583 | 5acd730d07355d001abf42d5 | Education | Preschools provide education from ages approximately three to seven, depending on the country, when children enter primary education. These are also known as nursery schools and as kindergarten, except in the US, where kindergarten is a term used for primary education.[citation needed] Kindergarten "provide[s] a child-... | What are pre-schools not known as? | What are pre-schools not known as? | [
" What are pre-schools not known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107202 | 57346018879d6814001ca584 | Hunting | Hunting is claimed to give resource managers an important tool in managing populations that might exceed the carrying capacity of their habitat and threaten the well-being of other species, or, in some instances, damage human health or safety.[citation needed] However, in most circumstances carrying capacity is determi... | What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by? | What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by? | [
"What is carrying capacity in most circumstances determined by?"
] | {
"text": [
"combination habitat and food availability,"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40030 | 572a3c136aef0514001553c2 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | A second New Haven gastronomical claim to fame is Louis' Lunch, which is located in a small brick building on Crown Street and has been serving fast food since 1895. Though fiercely debated, the restaurant's founder Louis Lassen is credited by the Library of Congress with inventing the hamburger and steak sandwich. Lou... | When was Louis's Lunch found? | When was Louis's Lunch found? | [
"When was Louis's Lunch found?"
] | {
"text": [
"1895"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24998 | 56cf57c2aab44d1400b89094 | New_York_City | Manhattan was on track to have an estimated 90,000 hotel rooms at the end of 2014, a 10% increase from 2013. In October 2014, the Anbang Insurance Group, based in China, purchased the Waldorf Astoria New York for US$1.95 billion, making it the world's most expensive hotel ever sold. | What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014? | What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014? | [
"What was the percentage increase of Manhattan hotel rooms between 2013 and 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"10%"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42221 | 5728ae21ff5b5019007da47d | Karl_Popper | In response to a given problem situation (), a number of competing conjectures, or tentative theories (), are systematically subjected to the most rigorous attempts at falsification possible. This process, error elimination (), performs a similar function for science that natural selection performs for biological evolu... | What is a better description for theories that survive scientific scrutiny than "more true?" | What is a better description for theories that survive scientific scrutiny than "more true?" | [
"What is a better description for theories that survive scientific scrutiny than \"more true?\""
] | {
"text": [
"more \"fit\""
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36229 | 5ace700032bba1001ae4a6b7 | Printed_circuit_board | Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often... | Main connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often what? | Main connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often what? | [
"Main connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69457 | 5ad4206d604f3c001a4006f8 | Houston | The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceedi... | Where in the rankings does Texas's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas? | Where in the rankings does Texas's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas? | [
"Where in the rankings does Texas's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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