gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-107903 | 571aa83110f8ca1400305292 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Non-Muslim groups in the Umayyad Caliphate, which included Christians, Jews, Zoroastrians, and pagan Berbers, were called dhimmis. They were given a legally protected status as second-class citizens as long as they accepted and acknowledged the political supremacy of the ruling Muslims. They were allowed to have their ... | Along with Berbers, Zoroastrians and Christians, what notable non-Muslim group existed in the Umayyad Caliphate? | Along with Berbers, Zoroastrians and Christians, what notable non-Muslim group existed in the Umayyad Caliphate? | [
"Along with Berbers, Zoroastrians and Christians, what notable non-Muslim group existed in the Umayyad Caliphate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jews"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72029 | 5acf695777cf76001a684db4 | Capacitor | If a capacitor is driven with a time-varying voltage that changes rapidly enough, at some frequency the polarization of the dielectric cannot follow the voltage. As an example of the origin of this mechanism, the internal microscopic dipoles contributing to the dielectric constant cannot move instantly, and so as frequ... | What is it called when a dielectric constant stays the same with frequency? | What is it called when a dielectric constant stays the same with frequency? | [
"What is it called when a dielectric constant stays the same with frequency?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87376 | 56cf4943aab44d1400b88f42 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | The novel has been noted for its poignant exploration of different forms of courage. Scout's impulsive inclination to fight students who insult Atticus reflects her attempt to stand up for him and defend him. Atticus is the moral center of the novel, however, and he teaches Jem one of the most significant lessons of co... | Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what? | Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what? | [
"Mrs. Dubose suffers from an addiction to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"morphine"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105367 | 57282a294b864d1900164632 | History_of_science | Midway through the 19th century, the focus of geology shifted from description and classification to attempts to understand how the surface of the Earth had changed. The first comprehensive theories of mountain building were proposed during this period, as were the first modern theories of earthquakes and volcanoes. Lo... | What happened after radioactivity was realized? | What happened after radioactivity was realized? | [
"What happened after radioactivity was realized?"
] | {
"text": [
"radiometric dating methods were developed"
],
"answer_start": [
582
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76850 | 5725c49a89a1e219009abe3d | Dutch_language | In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the... | What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English? | What does "Hoogduits" translate to in English? | [
"What does \"Hoogduits\" translate to in English?"
] | {
"text": [
"High Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7287 | 57301616947a6a140053d0ab | Georgian_architecture | Versions of revived Palladian architecture dominated English country house architecture. Houses were increasingly placed in grand landscaped settings, and large houses were generally made wide and relatively shallow, largely to look more impressive from a distance. The height was usually highest in the centre, and the ... | What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance? | What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance? | [
"What was done to make houses look more impressive from a distance?"
] | {
"text": [
"made wide and relatively shallow"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110293 | 5a39a5cc2f14dd001ac7251f | Culture | The sociology of culture concerns culture—usually understood as the ensemble of symbolic codes used by a society—as manifested in society. For Georg Simmel (1858–1918), culture referred to "the cultivation of individuals through the agency of external forms which have been objectified in the course of history". Culture... | What does non-material culture ignore? | What does non-material culture ignore? | [
"What does non-material culture ignore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60331 | 5ace2e9932bba1001ae49cff | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wi... | Who directs the Washington University School of Medicine? | Who directs the Washington University School of Medicine? | [
"Who directs the Washington University School of Medicine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72035 | 572717315951b619008f85c0 | Capacitor | where a single prime denotes the real part and a double prime the imaginary part, Z(ω) is the complex impedance with the dielectric present, Ccmplx(ω) is the so-called complex capacitance with the dielectric present, and C0 is the capacitance without the dielectric. (Measurement "without the dielectric" in principle me... | Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes? | Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes? | [
"Under what condition is the approximation C0 sufficiently accurate for calculation purposes?"
] | {
"text": [
"in terrestrial vacuum"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56731 | 5727a8cf3acd2414000de903 | Gramophone_record | Beginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when it was suspended because of... | What caused a delay in the production of high quality records? | What caused a delay in the production of high quality records? | [
"What caused a delay in the production of high quality records?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61374 | 572f44e8b2c2fd1400567fb5 | Flowering_plant | In most taxonomies, the flowering plants are treated as a coherent group. The most popular descriptive name has been Angiospermae (Angiosperms), with Anthophyta ("flowering plants") a second choice. These names are not linked to any rank. The Wettstein system and the Engler system use the name Angiospermae, at the assi... | What do the Wettstein and Engler systems use at the assigned rank of subdivision? | What do the Wettstein and Engler systems use at the assigned rank of subdivision? | [
"What do the Wettstein and Engler systems use at the assigned rank of subdivision?"
] | {
"text": [
"Angiospermae"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59798 | 56f97d8a9e9bad19000a09b1 | Zhejiang | Zhejiang was part of the Wu during the Three Kingdoms. Wu (229–280), commonly known as Eastern Wu or Sun Wu, had been the economically most developed state among the Three Kingdoms (220–280 CE). The historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms records that Zhejiang had the best-equipped, strong navy force. The story ... | What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms? | What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms? | [
"What was the most developed state among the Three Kingdoms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wu"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76165 | 5726c774f1498d1400e8eb0c | Utrecht | When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages... | What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism | What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism | [
"What hapend when Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37890 | 572fec5d947a6a140053ce00 | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | Who could claim victory at the Second Battle of Pydna? | Who could claim victory at the Second Battle of Pydna? | [
"Who could claim victory at the Second Battle of Pydna?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89610 | 572fdbf3947a6a140053cd69 | The_Blitz | While Knickebein was used by German crews en masse, X-Gerät use was limited to specially trained pathfinder crews. Special receivers were mounted in He 111s, with a radio mast on the bomber's fuselage. The system worked on a higher frequency (66–77 MHz, compared to Knickebein's 30–33 MHz). Transmitters on the ground se... | What frequency did the X-Gerat system use? | What frequency did the X-Gerat system use? | [
"What frequency did the X-Gerat system use?"
] | {
"text": [
"66–77 MHz"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69073 | 572fa080947a6a140053cadf | Modern_history | The Soviet Union created the Eastern Bloc of countries that it occupied, annexing some as Soviet Socialist Republics and maintaining others as satellite states that would later form the Warsaw Pact. The United States and various western European countries began a policy of "containment" of communism and forged myriad a... | What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as? | What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as? | [
"What did the territory the Soviet Union maintained as satellite states, later became known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Warsaw Pact"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68888 | 572f3f15947a6a140053c80e | Modern_history | Laws were instituted that required every able-bodied male Japanese citizen, regardless of class, to serve a mandatory term of three years with the first reserves and two additional years with the second reserves. This action, the deathblow for the samurai warriors and their daimyo feudal lords, initially met resistance... | What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law? | What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law? | [
"What did the peasant class name the mandatory military service law?"
] | {
"text": [
"ketsu-eki"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97092 | 56cbda8d6d243a140015ed8f | Frédéric_Chopin | Fryderyk Chopin was born in Żelazowa Wola, 46 kilometres (29 miles) west of Warsaw, in what was then the Duchy of Warsaw, a Polish state established by Napoleon. The parish baptismal record gives his birthday as 22 February 1810, and cites his given names in the Latin form Fridericus Franciscus (in Polish, he was Fryde... | On what date was Frédéric born on? | On what date was Frédéric born on? | [
"On what date was Frédéric born on?"
] | {
"text": [
"22 February 1810"
],
"answer_start": [
212
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48704 | 5a85ef2cb4e223001a8e730a | War_on_Terror | The British 16th Air Assault Brigade (later reinforced by Royal Marines) formed the core of the force in southern Afghanistan, along with troops and helicopters from Australia, Canada and the Netherlands. The initial force consisted of roughly 3,300 British, 2,000 Canadian, 1,400 from the Netherlands and 240 from Austr... | How many British troops helped invade Denmark? | How many British troops helped invade Denmark? | [
"How many British troops helped invade Denmark?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85745 | 5ad2ab33d7d075001a429e5c | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Nintendo was accused of antitrust behavior because of the strict licensing requirements. The United States Department of Justice and several states began probing Nintendo's business practices, leading to the involvement of Congress and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). The FTC conducted an extensive investigation whi... | What wasn't Nintendo accused of? | What wasn't Nintendo accused of? | [
"What wasn't Nintendo accused of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57406 | 57300951947a6a140053cfc4 | Muslim_world | Islamic art frequently adopts the use of geometrical floral or vegetal designs in a repetition known as arabesque. Such designs are highly nonrepresentational, as Islam forbids representational depictions as found in pre-Islamic pagan religions. Despite this, there is a presence of depictional art in some Muslim societ... | What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract? | What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract? | [
"What is one reason the art of Islam may be abstract?"
] | {
"text": [
"to symbolize the transcendence, indivisible and infinite nature of God"
],
"answer_start": [
581
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9836 | 5727f8df3acd2414000df11f | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | The Free Officers' intention was not to install themselves in government, but to re-establish a parliamentary democracy. Nasser did not believe that a low-ranking officer like himself (a lieutenant colonel) would be accepted by the Egyptian people, and so selected General Naguib to be his "boss" and lead the coup in na... | What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish? | What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish? | [
"What type of government did the Free Officer's want to establish?"
] | {
"text": [
"parliamentary democracy"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106898 | 5734477e879d6814001ca46b | Hunting | Archaeologist Louis Binford criticised the idea that early hominids and early humans were hunters. On the basis of the analysis of the skeletal remains of the consumed animals, he concluded that hominids and early humans were mostly scavengers, not hunters, and this idea is popular among some archaeologists and paleoan... | What is Louis Binford's profession? | What is Louis Binford's profession? | [
"What is Louis Binford's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"Archaeologist"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66037 | 571a375c10f8ca1400304f71 | Seattle | Seattle is home to the University of Washington, as well as the institution's professional and continuing education unit, the University of Washington Educational Outreach. A study by Newsweek International in 2006 cited the University of Washington as the twenty-second best university in the world. Seattle also has a ... | Where can a student find to study art in Seattle? | Where can a student find to study art in Seattle? | [
"Where can a student find to study art in Seattle?"
] | {
"text": [
"arts colleges"
],
"answer_start": [
722
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113738 | 5a56b2846349e2001acdcef1 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | During the 1920s and 1930s, British civil servants and politicians, looking back at the performance of the state during World War I, concluded that there was a need for greater co-ordination between the three Services that made up the armed forces of the United Kingdom—the British Army, the Royal Navy, and the Royal Ai... | When was the Royal Air Force disbanded? | When was the Royal Air Force disbanded? | [
"When was the Royal Air Force disbanded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77310 | 5a53cf00bdaabd001a386744 | Armenians | The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became ... | In what year was Caucasus established? | In what year was Caucasus established? | [
"In what year was Caucasus established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63652 | 572621ec271a42140099d4bd | Buckingham_Palace | During World War I, the palace, then the home of King George V and Queen Mary, escaped unscathed. Its more valuable contents were evacuated to Windsor but the royal family remained in situ. The King imposed rationing at the palace, much to the dismay of his guests and household. To the King's later regret, David Lloyd ... | What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938? | What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938? | [
"What was the north-west pavilion converted into in 1938?"
] | {
"text": [
"swimming pool"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47246 | 5726e664dd62a815002e945d | Madonna_(entertainer) | "4 Minutes" was released as the album's lead single and peaked at number three on the Billboard Hot 100. It was Madonna's 37th top-ten hit on the chart—it pushed Madonna past Elvis Presley as the artist with the most top-ten hits. In the UK she retained her record for the most number-one singles for a female artist; "4... | What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation? | What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation? | [
"What is the name of the first tour with Live Nation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sticky & Sweet Tour"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64980 | 57294e063f37b31900478220 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Sol... | Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm? | Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm? | [
"Where is Desert Sunlight Solar Farm?"
] | {
"text": [
"San Luis Obispo County, California"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52824 | 57279f3d2ca10214002d9234 | Political_party | The UK political system, while technically a multi-party system, has functioned generally as a two-party (sometimes called a "two-and-a-half party") system; since the 1920s the two largest political parties have been the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. Before the Labour Party rose in British politics the Liber... | What was the other major party before the Labour party? | What was the other major party before the Labour party? | [
"What was the other major party before the Labour party?"
] | {
"text": [
"Liberal Party"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30788 | 57267e13f1498d1400e8e1a1 | Mexico_City | The Legislative Assembly of the Federal District is formed, as it is the case in all legislatures in Mexico, by both single-seat and proportional seats, making it a system of parallel voting. The Federal District is divided into 40 electoral constituencies of similar population which elect one representative by first-p... | How many representatives make up the Federal District? | How many representatives make up the Federal District? | [
"How many representatives make up the Federal District?"
] | {
"text": [
"26"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42919 | 570d69bafed7b91900d46036 | Franco-Prussian_War | The Battle of Spicheren, on 5 August, was the second of three critical French defeats. Moltke had originally planned to keep Bazaine's army on the Saar River until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General von Steinmet... | Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary? | Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary? | [
"Which general's zeal and lack of planning led to cutting off Prince Charles from his calvary?"
] | {
"text": [
"General von Steinmetz"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18268 | 570e25b30dc6ce1900204dfd | Eritrea | Additionally, owing to its colonial history, cuisine in Eritrea features more Italian influences than are present in Ethiopian cooking, including more pasta and greater use of curry powders and cumin.The Italian Eritrean cuisine started to be practiced during the colonial times of the Kingdom of Italy, when a large num... | What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of? | What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of? | [
"What is Eritrea's popular alcoholic beverage Mies made out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"honey"
],
"answer_start": [
827
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48609 | 5728484a3acd2414000df873 | War_on_Terror | The Obama administration began to reengage in Iraq with a series of airstrikes aimed at ISIS beginning on 10 August 2014. On 9 September 2014 President Obama said that he had the authority he needed to take action to destroy the militant group known as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, citing the 2001 Authoriza... | When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS? | When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS? | [
"When did Obama launch airstrikes on ISIS?"
] | {
"text": [
"10 August 2014"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114010 | 572a1a6b1d0469140077978b | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Standing out in Clarke's (and Newton's) response to Leibniz's arguments is the bucket argument: Water in a bucket, hung from a rope and set to spin, will start with a flat surface. As the water begins to spin in the bucket, the surface of the water will become concave. If the bucket is stopped, the water will continue ... | As the buck spins, what happens to the water? | As the buck spins, what happens to the water? | [
"As the buck spins, what happens to the water?"
] | {
"text": [
"the water will become concave"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62657 | 5a7b9cdb21c2de001afea1be | Software_testing | Bottom Up Testing is an approach to integrated testing where the lowest level components (modules, procedures, and functions) are tested first, then integrated and used to facilitate the testing of higher level components. After the integration testing of lower level integrated modules, the next level of modules will b... | When the highest level components are tested first, the testing process is called what? | When the highest level components are tested first, the testing process is called what? | [
"When the highest level components are tested first, the testing process is called what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73250 | 56d374c959d6e41400146447 | American_Idol | Chris Daughtry's performance of Fuel's "Hemorrhage (In My Hands)" on the show was widely praised and led to an invitation to join the band as Fuel's new lead singer, an invitation he declined. His performance of Live's version of "I Walk the Line" was well received by the judges but later criticized in some quarters fo... | Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer? | Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer? | [
"Which contestant did the band Fuel ask to be their new lead singer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chris Daughtry"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86622 | 5a78bbafb73996001af5af86 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | RIBA Visiting Boards continue to assess courses for exemption from the RIBA's examinations in architecture. Under arrangements made in 2011 the validation criteria are jointly held by the RIBA and the Architects Registration Board, but unlike the ARB, the RIBA also validates courses outside the UK. | What is no longer the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards? | What is no longer the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards? | [
"What is no longer the function of the Royal Institute's Visiting Boards?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109456 | 5a1cca774ea40d0018b06f28 | Dutch_Republic | In theory, the stadtholders were freely appointed by and subordinate to the states of each province. However, in practice the princes of Orange of the House of Orange-Nassau, beginning with William the Silent, were always chosen as stadtholders of most of the provinces. Zeeland and usually Utrecht had the same stadthol... | Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht? | Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht? | [
"Who was subordinate to Zeeland and Utrecht?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49983 | 5a81e05b31013a001a334f40 | Phonology | Phonology is a branch of linguistics concerned with the systematic organization of sounds in languages. It has traditionally focused largely on the study of the systems of phonemes in particular languages (and therefore used to be also called phonemics, or phonematics), but it may also cover any linguistic analysis eit... | What is a branch of levels? | What is a branch of levels? | [
"What is a branch of levels?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13379 | 56e7a86a00c9c71400d77490 | Nanjing | Nanjing is the transportation hub in eastern China and the downstream Yangtze River area. Different means of transportation constitute a three-dimensional transport system that includes land, water and air. As in most other Chinese cities, public transportation is the dominant mode of travel of the majority of the citi... | What is the most popular method of travel for citizens? | What is the most popular method of travel for citizens? | [
"What is the most popular method of travel for citizens?"
] | {
"text": [
"public transportation"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37655 | 57287a762ca10214002da3b7 | London | London is a major international air transport hub with the busiest city airspace in the world. Eight airports use the word London in their name, but most traffic passes through six of these. London Heathrow Airport, in Hillingdon, West London, is the busiest airport in the world for international traffic, and is the ma... | A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline? | A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline? | [
"A fifth terminal was opened in 2008 for which UK airline?"
] | {
"text": [
"British Airways"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45545 | 571a87714faf5e1900b8aa16 | Ashkenazi_Jews | The history of Jews in Greece goes back to at least the Archaic Era of Greece, when the classical culture of Greece was undergoing a process of formalization after the Greek Dark Age. The Greek historian Herodotus knew of the Jews, whom he called "Palestinian Syrians", and listed them among the levied naval forces in s... | What did the Greek historian Herodotus refer to the Jews as? | What did the Greek historian Herodotus refer to the Jews as? | [
"What did the Greek historian Herodotus refer to the Jews as?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Palestinian Syrians\""
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32095 | 5728e3113acd2414000e011d | Myanmar | According to the Crisis Group, since Myanmar transitioned to a new government in August 2011, the country's human rights record has been improving. Previously giving Myanmar its lowest rating of 7, the 2012 Freedom in the World report also notes improvement, giving Myanmar a 6 for improvements in civil liberties and po... | What is the name of the individuals who gave relevant information on the recent events in Burma ? | What is the name of the individuals who gave relevant information on the recent events in Burma ? | [
"What is the name of the individuals who gave relevant information on the recent events in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Crisis Group"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107339 | 5aceaad432bba1001ae4af77 | Hunting | The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the r... | What status has the scimitar-horned oryx been upgraded to? | What status has the scimitar-horned oryx been upgraded to? | [
"What status has the scimitar-horned oryx been upgraded to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52888 | 5727aec94b864d1900163a56 | Political_party | Green is the color for green parties, Islamist parties, Nordic agrarian parties and Irish republican parties. Orange is sometimes a color of nationalism, such as in the Netherlands, in Israel with the Orange Camp or with Ulster Loyalists in Northern Ireland; it is also a color of reform such as in Ukraine. In the past,... | What parties is the color black associated with? | What parties is the color black associated with? | [
"What parties is the color black associated with?"
] | {
"text": [
"fascist parties"
],
"answer_start": [
805
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25106 | 56d1099d17492d1400aab7c4 | New_York_City | The city is the birthplace of many cultural movements, including the Harlem Renaissance in literature and visual art; abstract expressionism (also known as the New York School) in painting; and hip hop, punk, salsa, disco, freestyle, Tin Pan Alley, and Jazz in music. New York City has been considered the dance capital ... | By what other name is abstract expressionism known? | By what other name is abstract expressionism known? | [
"By what other name is abstract expressionism known?"
] | {
"text": [
"the New York School"
],
"answer_start": [
156
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24465 | 56df9d3c4a1a83140091eb91 | Lighting | Many newer control systems are using wireless mesh open standards (such as ZigBee), which provides benefits including easier installation (no need to run control wires) and interoperability with other standards-based building control systems (e.g. security). | What is the name of one type of control system used? | What is the name of one type of control system used? | [
"What is the name of one type of control system used? "
] | {
"text": [
"ZigBee"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-607 | 56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f2 | Plymouth | In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city... | For what constituency was Nancy Astor elected? | For what constituency was Nancy Astor elected? | [
"For what constituency was Nancy Astor elected?"
] | {
"text": [
"Plymouth Sutton"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19710 | 573128b3497a881900248be9 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The specifics of Paleo-Indian migration to and throughout the Americas, including the exact dates and routes traveled, provide the subject of ongoing research and discussion. According to archaeological and genetic evidence, North and South America were the last continents in the world with human habitation. During the... | What confined the nomadic inhabitants to East Beringia for thousands of years? | What confined the nomadic inhabitants to East Beringia for thousands of years? | [
"What confined the nomadic inhabitants to East Beringia for thousands of years?"
] | {
"text": [
"Laurentide Ice Sheet"
],
"answer_start": [
599
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112333 | 572933831d0469140077915a | Race_(human_categorization) | The concept of biological race has declined significantly in frequency of use in physical anthropology in the United States during the 20th century. A majority of physical anthropologists in the United States have rejected the concept of biological races. Since 1932, an increasing number of college textbooks introducin... | The majority of what group in the U.S. has rejected the concept of biological races? | The majority of what group in the U.S. has rejected the concept of biological races? | [
"The majority of what group in the U.S. has rejected the concept of biological races?"
] | {
"text": [
"physical anthropologists"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11234 | 5ad2e812604f3c001a3fd986 | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | what focuses better focuses on meeting national needs in Afghanistan? | what focuses better focuses on meeting national needs in Afghanistan? | [
"what focuses better focuses on meeting national needs in Afghanistan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70709 | 56dff532231d4119001abf03 | Pub | In Ireland, pubs are known for their atmosphere or "craic". In Irish, a pub is referred to as teach tábhairne ("tavernhouse") or teach óil ("drinkinghouse"). Live music, either sessions of traditional Irish music or varieties of modern popular music, is frequently featured in the pubs of Ireland. Pubs in Northern Irela... | What Irish term means "drinkinghouse"? | What Irish term means "drinkinghouse"? | [
"What Irish term means \"drinkinghouse\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"teach óil"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17465 | 56cf2e15aab44d1400b88dc9 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre (2015) is the twenty-fourth James Bond film produced by Eon Productions. It features Daniel Craig in his fourth performance as James Bond, and Christoph Waltz as Ernst Stavro Blofeld, with the film marking the character's re-introduction into the series. It was directed by Sam Mendes as his second James Bond fi... | How many James Bond films has Eon Productions produced? | How many James Bond films has Eon Productions produced? | [
"How many James Bond films has Eon Productions produced?"
] | {
"text": [
"twenty-four"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88701 | 56d98906dc89441400fdb502 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | The Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee sent out a team of 30 unarmed attendants selected from the People's Armed Police to escort the flame throughout its journey. According to Asian Times, sworn in as the "Beijing Olympic Games Sacred Flame Protection Unit" during a ceremony in August 2007, their main job is to keep... | How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels? | How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels? | [
"How many attendants accompanied the flame during it's travels?"
] | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107067 | 573605726c16ec1900b92906 | Hunting | Shooting as practised in Britain, as opposed to traditional hunting, requires little questing for game—around thirty-five million birds are released onto shooting estates every year, some having been factory farmed. Shoots can be elaborate affairs with guns placed in assigned positions and assistants to help load shotg... | Why are assistants used? | Why are assistants used? | [
"Why are assistants used?"
] | {
"text": [
"help load shotguns"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82632 | 56e7adc800c9c71400d774cb | Daylight_saving_time | A move to "permanent daylight saving time" (staying on summer hours all year with no time shifts) is sometimes advocated, and has in fact been implemented in some jurisdictions such as Argentina, Chile, Iceland, Singapore, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Advocates cite the same advantages as normal DST without the problems ass... | What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round? | What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round? | [
"What phrase describes keeping adjusted summer hours year-round?"
] | {
"text": [
"permanent daylight saving time"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68393 | 572819294b864d1900164478 | George_VI | Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness ... | What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday? | What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday? | [
"What did Albert bestow onto his wife on his 41st birthday?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Order of the Garter"
],
"answer_start": [
1044
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113547 | 5a87c9a319b91f001a626dbf | Vacuum | The above explanation is merely a simple introduction to vacuum pumping, and is not representative of the entire range of pumps in use. Many variations of the positive displacement pump have been developed, and many other pump designs rely on fundamentally different principles. Momentum transfer pumps, which bear some ... | What other pump do entrapment pumps have similarities to? | What other pump do entrapment pumps have similarities to? | [
"What other pump do entrapment pumps have similarities to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16016 | 57342f81d058e614000b6ab8 | Infection | When infection attacks the body, anti-infective drugs can suppress the infection. Several broad types of anti-infective drugs exist, depending on the type of organism targeted; they include antibacterial (antibiotic; including antitubercular), antiviral, antifungal and antiparasitic (including antiprotozoal and antihel... | What type of drugs can suppress an infection when it attacks the body? | What type of drugs can suppress an infection when it attacks the body? | [
"What type of drugs can suppress an infection when it attacks the body?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-infective"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99006 | 5a823dc331013a001a335327 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In 2000, TCM started the annual Young Composers Film Competition, inviting aspiring composers to participate in a judged competition that offers the winner of each year's competition the opportunity to score a restored, feature-length silent film as a grand prize, mentored by a well-known composer, with the new work su... | Who starred in he Ace of Hearts? | Who starred in he Ace of Hearts? | [
"Who starred in he Ace of Hearts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21879 | 570abf994103511400d59979 | Aircraft_carrier | Key personnel involved in the flight deck include the shooters, the handler, and the air boss. Shooters are naval aviators or Naval Flight Officers and are responsible for launching aircraft. The handler works just inside the island from the flight deck and is responsible for the movement of aircraft before launching a... | What are shooters responsible for? | What are shooters responsible for? | [
"What are shooters responsible for?"
] | {
"text": [
"launching aircraft"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42598 | 57100c2ea58dae1900cd6806 | Sexual_orientation | More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to... | What have scientists started spending the most time on? | What have scientists started spending the most time on? | [
"What have scientists started spending the most time on?"
] | {
"text": [
"measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99716 | 56fb7e97b28b3419009f1d88 | Middle_Ages | The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence ... | In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem? | In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem? | [
"In what year did the First Crusade take Jerusalem?"
] | {
"text": [
"1099"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98202 | 56f8782aaef23719006260d9 | Alps | Series of lower mountain ranges run parallel to the main chain of the Alps, including the French Prealps in France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland and France. The secondary chain of the Alps follows the watershed from the Mediterranean Sea to the Wienerwald, passing over many of the highest and most well-known pe... | What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored? | What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored? | [
"What heads approximately east-northeast once at the Swiss bored?"
] | {
"text": [
"the line of the main chain"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44134 | 5a2ee4cda83784001a7d251d | Bras%C3%ADlia | Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziljɐ]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encom... | What was the population of Brasilia and its metro in 1960? | What was the population of Brasilia and its metro in 1960? | [
"What was the population of Brasilia and its metro in 1960?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37846 | 572fd2b4b2c2fd14005684b3 | Roman_Republic | The first few naval battles were disasters for Rome. However, after training more sailors and inventing a grappling engine, a Roman naval force was able to defeat a Carthaginian fleet, and further naval victories followed. The Carthaginians then hired Xanthippus of Carthage, a Spartan mercenary general, to reorganise a... | What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome? | What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome? | [
"What battles were initially complete disasters for Rome?"
] | {
"text": [
"naval battles"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30700 | 57265ece708984140094c3da | Mexico_City | Diaz's plans called for the entire city to eventually be modernized or rebuilt in the Porfirian/French style of the Colonia Roma; but the Mexican Revolution began soon afterward and the plans never came to fruition, with many projects being left half-completed. One of the best examples of this is the Monument to the Me... | Who was the man behind the modernization of Mexico City? | Who was the man behind the modernization of Mexico City? | [
"Who was the man behind the modernization of Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Diaz"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50541 | 572eaf62cb0c0d14000f147e | Neptune | From July to September 1989, Voyager 2 discovered six moons of Neptune. Of these, the irregularly shaped Proteus is notable for being as large as a body of its density can be without being pulled into a spherical shape by its own gravity. Although the second-most-massive Neptunian moon, it is only 0.25% the mass of Tri... | What discovered six moons of Neptune in 1989? | What discovered six moons of Neptune in 1989? | [
"What discovered six moons of Neptune in 1989?"
] | {
"text": [
"Voyager 2"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29141 | 571ae71a32177014007e9fc9 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Some of these estimates also take into account the opportunity cost of investing capital many years before revenues are realized (see Time-value of money). Because of the very long time needed for discovery, development, and approval of pharmaceuticals, these costs can accumulate to nearly half the total expense. A dir... | What happens when companies outsource? | What happens when companies outsource? | [
"What happens when companies outsource?"
] | {
"text": [
"somewhat reshapes the industry ecosystem with biotechnology companies"
],
"answer_start": [
503
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68774 | 572f0ef8cb0c0d14000f1758 | Modern_history | The changes were accompanied by violent turmoil which included the trial and execution of the king, vast bloodshed and repression during the Reign of Terror, and warfare involving every other major European power. Subsequent events that can be traced to the Revolution include the Napoleonic Wars, two separate restorati... | What happened to the king after the trial? | What happened to the king after the trial? | [
"What happened to the king after the trial?"
] | {
"text": [
"execution of the king"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40828 | 572661dedd62a815002e833c | Predation | Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at th... | Give an example of an animal that feeds off of other animals for reproduction? | Give an example of an animal that feeds off of other animals for reproduction? | [
"Give an example of an animal that feeds off of other animals for reproduction? "
] | {
"text": [
"mosquitos"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99217 | 572f000003f9891900756b42 | 51st_state | Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, therefore contributing to the American Government. Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). However, federal employees, t... | How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan? | How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan? | [
"How many Puerto Ricans have died in the Iraq War and War in Afghanistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"52"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67733 | 5726be37dd62a815002e8f1b | Norfolk_Island | The island is subject to separate immigration controls from the remainder of Australia. Until recently immigration to Norfolk Island even by other Australian citizens was heavily restricted. In 2012, immigration controls were relaxed with the introduction of an Unrestricted Entry Permit for all Australian and New Zeala... | What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? | What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? | [
"What must Australian and New Zealand citizens do in order to apply for residency in Norfolk Island? "
] | {
"text": [
"pass a police check and be able to pay into the local health scheme"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30104 | 5726abb3dd62a815002e8c7b | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is home to North Carolina State University and is part of the Research Triangle area, together with Durham (home of Duke University) and Chapel Hill (home of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). The "Triangle" nickname originated after the 1959 creation of the Research Triangle Park, located in Dur... | What is the MSA of Raleigh? | What is the MSA of Raleigh? | [
"What is the MSA of Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,214,516"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104507 | 5728b90e4b864d1900164cd4 | Mandolin | Jethro Burns, best known as half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro, was also the first important jazz mandolinist. Tiny Moore popularized the mandolin in Western swing music. He initially played an 8-string Gibson but switched after 1952 to a 5-string solidbody electric instrument built by Paul Bigsby. Modern players ... | What is Jethro Burns commonly known for? | What is Jethro Burns commonly known for? | [
"What is Jethro Burns commonly known for?"
] | {
"text": [
"half of the comedy duo Homer and Jethro"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2590 | 56d26abd59d6e41400145fa2 | Buddhism | Following (or leading up to) the schisms, each Saṅgha started to accumulate an Abhidharma, a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material appearing in the Suttas, according to schematic classifications. These Abhidharma texts do not contain systematic philosophical treatises, but summaries or numerical lists. Sc... | What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called? | What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called? | [
"What is a detailed scholastic reworking of doctrinal material called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abhidharma"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40500 | 5ad69003191832001aa7b1fe | Paper | The thickness of paper is often measured by caliper, which is typically given in thousandths of an inch in the United States and in thousandths of a mm in the rest of the world. Paper may be between 0.07 and 0.18 millimetres (0.0028 and 0.0071 in) thick. | Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width? | Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width? | [
" Sated in inches, what is the common range of paper width?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70985 | 56e7853900c9c71400d7721d | University_of_Kansas | The site selected for the university was a hill known as Mount Oread, which was owned by former Kansas Governor Charles L. Robinson. Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere. The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary... | On what geographic feature was KU built? | On what geographic feature was KU built? | [
"On what geographic feature was KU built?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mount Oread"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60467 | 5ace1c4a32bba1001ae49af6 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Since the university's establishment in the city in 1837, the histories of the University of Michigan and Ann Arbor have been closely linked. The town became a regional transportation hub in 1839 with the arrival of the Michigan Central Railroad, and a north—south railway connecting Ann Arbor to Toledo and other market... | In 1887 a north-south railway connected Ann Arbor to what Ohio city? | In 1887 a north-south railway connected Ann Arbor to what Ohio city? | [
"In 1887 a north-south railway connected Ann Arbor to what Ohio city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114625 | 5ad26049d7d075001a428fbf | Emotion | The history of emotions has become an increasingly popular topic recently, with some scholars arguing that it is an essential category of analysis, not unlike class, race, or gender. Historians, like other social scientists, assume that emotions, feelings and their expressions are regulated in different ways by both di... | According to the constructivists, what isn't an example of a learned meta-emotion? | According to the constructivists, what isn't an example of a learned meta-emotion? | [
"According to the constructivists, what isn't an example of a learned meta-emotion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83458 | 5ad25df6d7d075001a428f09 | Dominican_Order | As the image of God grows within man, he learns to rely less on an intellectual pursuit of virtue and more on an affective pursuit of charity and meekness. Meekness and charity guide Christians to acknowledge that they are nothing without the One (God/Christ) who created them, sustains them, and guides them. Thus, man ... | What does not guide Christians to acknowledge that are are nothing without God? | What does not guide Christians to acknowledge that are are nothing without God? | [
"What does not guide Christians to acknowledge that are are nothing without God? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113360 | 5a8791371d3cee001a6a1258 | Vacuum | But although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites. Most artificial satellites operate in this region called low Earth orbit and must fire their engines every few days to... | What are satellites too large for their engines to be affected by? | What are satellites too large for their engines to be affected by? | [
"What are satellites too large for their engines to be affected by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20765 | 56d131c817492d1400aabbe0 | IPod | iPod batteries are not designed to be removed or replaced by the user, although some users have been able to open the case themselves, usually following instructions from third-party vendors of iPod replacement batteries. Compounding the problem, Apple initially would not replace worn-out batteries. The official policy... | Which iPod component did Apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable? | Which iPod component did Apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable? | [
"Which iPod component did Apple somewhat inconveniently made non-replaceable?"
] | {
"text": [
"batteries"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29408 | 5a567cbb6349e2001acdcdbb | Swaziland | A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at ... | What country is east of Mozambique? | What country is east of Mozambique? | [
"What country is east of Mozambique?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42957 | 570d724bfed7b91900d46129 | Franco-Prussian_War | To relieve pressure from the expected German attack into Alsace-Lorraine, Napoleon III and the French high command planned a seaborne invasion of northern Germany as soon as war began. The French expected the invasion to divert German troops and to encourage Denmark to join in the war, with its 50,000-strong army and t... | What military strength could Denmark to France in a war? | What military strength could Denmark to France in a war? | [
"What military strength could Denmark to France in a war?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Royal Danish Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102567 | 573014f1a23a5019007fcd30 | Association_football | The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shr... | What year did the Sheffield FA form? | What year did the Sheffield FA form? | [
"What year did the Sheffield FA form?"
] | {
"text": [
"1867"
],
"answer_start": [
712
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44288 | 5a2efb58a83784001a7d2613 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The Palácio do Planalto is the official workplace of the President of Brazil. It is located at the Praça dos Três Poderes in Brasília. As the seat of government, the term "Planalto" is often used as a metonym for the executive branch of government. The main working office of the President of the Republic is in the Palá... | What is used as a metonym for the chief of staff of government? | What is used as a metonym for the chief of staff of government? | [
"What is used as a metonym for the chief of staff of government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35411 | 5726b3bc708984140094ce3b | Gothic_architecture | Contrary to the diffusionist theory, it appears that there was simultaneously a structural evolution towards the pointed arch, for the purpose of vaulting spaces of irregular plan, or to bring transverse vaults to the same height as diagonal vaults. This latter occurs at Durham Cathedral in the nave aisles in 1093. Poi... | The use of the pointed arch for bringing transverse vaults to the same height diagonal ones, is in disagreement with what theory? | The use of the pointed arch for bringing transverse vaults to the same height diagonal ones, is in disagreement with what theory? | [
"The use of the pointed arch for bringing transverse vaults to the same height diagonal ones, is in disagreement with what theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"the diffusionist theory"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29911 | 5a54ce58134fea001a0e174c | CBC_Television | On October 9, 2006 at 6:00 a.m., the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the early morning hours (typically from 1:00 a.m. to 6:00 a.m.). Instead of the infomer... | Polls show that viewers prefer when 24 hour stations air what type of content? | Polls show that viewers prefer when 24 hour stations air what type of content? | [
"Polls show that viewers prefer when 24 hour stations air what type of content?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72847 | 570fe1765ab6b81900391092 | Dell | The release of Apple's iPad tablet computer had a negative impact on Dell and other major PC vendors, as consumers switched away from desktop and laptop PCs. Dell's own mobility division has not managed success with developing smartphones or tablets, whether running Windows or Google Android. The Dell Streak was a fail... | What line of high end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products? | What line of high end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products? | [
"What line of high end electronics did Dell create that failed to compete with Apple products?"
] | {
"text": [
"XPS"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33345 | 5ad1acf3645df0001a2d21b6 | Incandescent_light_bulb | In flood lamps used for photographic lighting, the tradeoff is made in the other direction. Compared to general-service bulbs, for the same power, these bulbs produce far more light, and (more importantly) light at a higher color temperature, at the expense of greatly reduced life (which may be as short as two hours fo... | What metal is used with the lowest melting point? | What metal is used with the lowest melting point? | [
"What metal is used with the lowest melting point?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82344 | 5726bd825951b619008f7ca9 | Pesticide | Some pesticides are considered too hazardous for sale to the general public and are designated restricted use pesticides. Only certified applicators, who have passed an exam, may purchase or supervise the application of restricted use pesticides. Records of sales and use are required to be maintained and may be audited... | What are pesticides that are thought to be extremely dangerous called? | What are pesticides that are thought to be extremely dangerous called? | [
"What are pesticides that are thought to be extremely dangerous called?"
] | {
"text": [
"restricted use pesticides"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31765 | 570d9a31df2f5219002ed011 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the pointer and loaded the shells. ... | What two things did the operators of the gun have to do? | What two things did the operators of the gun have to do? | [
"What two things did the operators of the gun have to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"followed the pointer and loaded the shells"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63128 | 5a7a1c7c17ab25001a8a0342 | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | In the German Empire, what language could you register as speaking? | In the German Empire, what language could you register as speaking? | [
"In the German Empire, what language could you register as speaking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111714 | 5acd7fff07355d001abf448b | Education | Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and easter... | Which program facilitates the exchange students across Asia? | Which program facilitates the exchange students across Asia? | [
" Which program facilitates the exchange students across Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48523 | 5a85b666b4e223001a8e71a5 | War_on_Terror | The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002. Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an in... | Where did Coalition forces regroup? | Where did Coalition forces regroup? | [
"Where did Coalition forces regroup?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111797 | 5acd84fe07355d001abf4544 | Education | Instruction is the facilitation of another's learning. Instructors in primary and secondary institutions are often called teachers, and they direct the education of students and might draw on many subjects like reading, writing, mathematics, science and history. Instructors in post-secondary institutions might be calle... | What is the opposite term used for instructors? | What is the opposite term used for instructors? | [
"What is the opposite term used for instructors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50663 | 56e87f7f0b45c0140094ccdc | Bern | As of 2000[update], there were 59,948 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 49,873 married individuals, 9,345 widows or widowers and 9,468 individuals who are divorced. | How many people were married in Bern in 2000? | How many people were married in Bern in 2000? | [
"How many people were married in Bern in 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"49,873"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52734 | 57278e57f1498d1400e8fc01 | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin? | In which year did the period known as the "Era of Good Feelings" begin? | [
"In which year did the period known as the \"Era of Good Feelings\" begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1816"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
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