gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-38659 | 570c3504ec8fbc190045bda1 | FC_Barcelona | It was announced in summer of 2012 that Tito Vilanova, assistant manager at FC Barcelona, would take over from Pep Guardiola as manager. Following his appointment, Barcelona went on an incredible run that saw them hold the top spot on the league table for the entire season, recording only two losses and amassing 100 po... | Who did Vilanova replace as manager? | Who did Vilanova replace as manager? | [
"Who did Vilanova replace as manager?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pep Guardiola"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34042 | 5ad40d8f604f3c001a4000e9 | Alaska | The Trans-Alaska Pipeline can transport and pump up to 2.1 million barrels (330,000 m3) of crude oil per day, more than any other crude oil pipeline in the United States. Additionally, substantial coal deposits are found in Alaska's bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite coal basins. The United States Geological Surve... | Alaska's small rivers have potential for what environmentally friendly type of energy production? | Alaska's small rivers have potential for what environmentally friendly type of energy production? | [
"Alaska's small rivers have potential for what environmentally friendly type of energy production?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91601 | 5726682add62a815002e83ec | Botany | In the mid-16th century, "botanical gardens" were founded in a number of Italian universities – the Padua botanical garden in 1545 is usually considered to be the first which is still in its original location. These gardens continued the practical value of earlier "physic gardens", often associated with monasteries, in... | What was the first botanical garden at an Italian university? | What was the first botanical garden at an Italian university? | [
"What was the first botanical garden at an Italian university?"
] | {
"text": [
"Padua"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98014 | 56e08a18231d4119001ac292 | Hydrogen | While H2 is not very reactive under standard conditions, it does form compounds with most elements. Hydrogen can form compounds with elements that are more electronegative, such as halogens (e.g., F, Cl, Br, I), or oxygen; in these compounds hydrogen takes on a partial positive charge. When bonded to fluorine, oxygen, ... | When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called? | When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called? | [
"When hydrogen forms with a metal, what is the compound called?"
] | {
"text": [
"hydrides"
],
"answer_start": [
734
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98963 | 572777c7dd62a815002e9db0 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less th... | Who did Ted Turner sell Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to? | Who did Ted Turner sell Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to? | [
"Who did Ted Turner sell Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kirk Kerkorian"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25281 | 56d1109d17492d1400aab894 | New_York_City | Mass transit in New York City, most of which runs 24 hours a day, accounts for one in every three users of mass transit in the United States, and two-thirds of the nation's rail riders live in the New York City Metropolitan Area. | What fraction of United States rail riders call the New York City Metropolitan Area home? | What fraction of United States rail riders call the New York City Metropolitan Area home? | [
"What fraction of United States rail riders call the New York City Metropolitan Area home?"
] | {
"text": [
"two-thirds"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46301 | 573258d2e17f3d14004228d2 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | What is religious conduct protected from the interference of? | What is religious conduct protected from the interference of? | [
"What is religious conduct protected from the interference of?"
] | {
"text": [
"federal and state"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71443 | 5727de82ff5b5019007d9722 | Oklahoma | During a 10-day run in Oklahoma City, the State Fair of Oklahoma attracts roughly one million people along with the annual Festival of the Arts. Large national pow-wows, various Latin and Asian heritage festivals, and cultural festivals such as the Juneteenth celebrations are held in Oklahoma City each year. The Tulsa ... | How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year? | How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year? | [
"How many people attend the State Fair of Oklahoma each year?"
] | {
"text": [
"roughly one million"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57038 | 5728b6442ca10214002da637 | Apollo | A number of non-Greek etymologies have been suggested for the name, The Hittite form Apaliunas (dx-ap-pa-li-u-na-aš) is attested in the Manapa-Tarhunta letter, perhaps related to Hurrian (and certainly the Etruscan) Aplu, a god of plague, in turn likely from Akkadian Aplu Enlil meaning simply "the son of Enlil", a titl... | What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil? | What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil? | [
"What is the meaning of Akkadia Apllu Enlil?"
] | {
"text": [
"the son of Enlil"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69863 | 573039d104bcaa1900d773cf | Windows_8 | A vertical toolbar known as the charms (accessed by swiping from the right edge of a touchscreen, or pointing the cursor at hotspots in the right corners of a screen) provides access to system and app-related functions, such as search, sharing, device management, settings, and a Start button. The traditional desktop en... | How is an active list of apps accessed? | How is an active list of apps accessed? | [
"How is an active list of apps accessed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pointing the cursor in the top-left corner of the screen and moving down"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-783 | 56df730c5ca0a614008f9a80 | Plymouth | 58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. ... | What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam? | What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam? | [
"What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64430 | 57284db43acd2414000df8e5 | John_von_Neumann | Von Neumann's team performed the world's first numerical weather forecasts on the ENIAC computer; von Neumann published the paper Numerical Integration of the Barotropic Vorticity Equation in 1950. Von Neumann's interest in weather systems and meteorological prediction led him to propose manipulating the environment by... | How much colder was world in last glacial age? | How much colder was world in last glacial age? | [
"How much colder was world in last glacial age?"
] | {
"text": [
"6 °F (3.3 °C) colder"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58639 | 570e71fb0b85d914000d7f0e | Sanskrit | Orientalist scholars of the 18th century like Sir William Jones marked a wave of enthusiasm for Indian culture and for Sanskrit. According to Thomas Trautmann, after this period of "Indomania", a certain hostility to Sanskrit and to Indian culture in general began to assert itself in early 19th century Britain, manifes... | In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception? | In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception? | [
"In what century was Indian culture accorded a more hostile reception?"
] | {
"text": [
"early 19th century"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89279 | 5730e8d2aca1c71400fe5b50 | Great_power | All states have a geographic scope of interests, actions, or projected power. This is a crucial factor in distinguishing a great power from a regional power; by definition the scope of a regional power is restricted to its region. It has been suggested that a great power should be possessed of actual influence througho... | Who stated that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers"? | Who stated that "Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers"? | [
"Who stated that \"Great power may be defined as a political force exerting an effect co-extensive with the widest range of the society in which it operates. The Great powers of 1914 were 'world-powers\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arnold J. Toynbee"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61438 | 5a3afa3c3ff257001ab84383 | Flowering_plant | The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepal... | What do corolla of petals function to protect? | What do corolla of petals function to protect? | [
"What do corolla of petals function to protect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99561 | 56fb6570b28b3419009f1d12 | Middle_Ages | The Islamic conquests reached their peak in the mid-8th century. The defeat of Muslim forces at the Battle of Poitiers in 732 led to the reconquest of southern France by the Franks, but the main reason for the halt of Islamic growth in Europe was the overthrow of the Umayyad dynasty and its replacement by the Abbasid d... | In what year did the Battle of Poitiers take place? | In what year did the Battle of Poitiers take place? | [
"In what year did the Battle of Poitiers take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"732"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30606 | 5ace321932bba1001ae49d92 | Appalachian_Mountains | Several species of pines characteristic of the Appalachians are eastern white pine (Pinus strobus ), Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana), pitch pine (Pinus rigida ), Table Mountain pine (Pinus pungens) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata). Red pine (Pinus resinosa) is a boreal species that forms a few high elevation outlie... | What is the only species that occupies sandy sites? | What is the only species that occupies sandy sites? | [
"What is the only species that occupies sandy sites?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92820 | 5a6fea3b8abb0b001a676059 | Alsace | At present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the north of Strasbou... | How many vehicles crossed teh Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn per day in 1950? | How many vehicles crossed teh Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn per day in 1950? | [
"How many vehicles crossed teh Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn per day in 1950?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73952 | 5acf99ad77cf76001a6853e6 | Architecture | According to Vitruvius, the architect should strive to fulfill each of these three attributes as well as possible. Leon Battista Alberti, who elaborates on the ideas of Vitruvius in his treatise, De Re Aedificatoria, saw beauty primarily as a matter of proportion, although ornament also played a part. For Alberti, the ... | By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in? | By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in? | [
"By the 16th century which languages was Vasaris book translated in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21702 | 5730bbb2069b5314008322ce | Sumer | The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t... | From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines? | From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines? | [
"From the Sumerian metrology sprang forth the creation of what disciplines? "
] | {
"text": [
"arithmetic, geometry, and algebra"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71992 | 572711cff1498d1400e8f30a | Capacitor | Several solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Plastics offer bette... | What benefit is offered by solid state paper capacitors? | What benefit is offered by solid state paper capacitors? | [
"What benefit is offered by solid state paper capacitors?"
] | {
"text": [
"relatively high voltage performance"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12678 | 56df0b313277331400b4d911 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | There are seven suburbicarian sees: Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri. Velletri was united with Ostia from 1150 until 1914, when Pope Pius X separated them again, but decreed that whatever cardinal bishop became Dean of the College of Cardinals would keep the s... | What are the seven sees? | What are the seven sees? | [
"What are the seven sees?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ostia, Albano, Porto and Santa Rufina, Palestrina, Sabina and Mentana, Frascati and Velletri"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111691 | 5acd7b1307355d001abf4414 | Education | In 2012, the modern use of electronic educational technology (also called e-learning) had grown at 14 times the rate of traditional learning.[clarification needed] Open education is fast growing to become the dominant form of education, for many reasons such as its efficiency and results compared to traditional methods... | What is slow to become the dominant form of education? | What is slow to become the dominant form of education? | [
"What is slow to become the dominant form of education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112190 | 57290dc41d04691400778fda | Race_(human_categorization) | In a response to Livingstone, Theodore Dobzhansky argued that when talking about race one must be attentive to how the term is being used: "I agree with Dr. Livingstone that if races have to be 'discrete units,' then there are no races, and if 'race' is used as an 'explanation' of the human variability, rather than vic... | While race difference possible to easily see, they need not be given what? | While race difference possible to easily see, they need not be given what? | [
"While race difference possible to easily see, they need not be given what?"
] | {
"text": [
"labels"
],
"answer_start": [
830
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109916 | 57100286a58dae1900cd67d8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The United States Supreme Court in Penry v. Lynaugh and the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit in Bigby v. Dretke have been clear in their decisions that jury instructions in death penalty cases that do not ask about mitigating factors regarding the defendant's mental health violate the defendant's Ei... | In what court was Bigby v. Dretke decided? | In what court was Bigby v. Dretke decided? | [
"In what court was Bigby v. Dretke decided?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73888 | 5ad572f65b96ef001a10af13 | Warsaw_Pact | The multi-national Communist armed forces' sole joint action was the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968. All member countries, with the exception of the Socialist Republic of Romania and the People's Republic of Albania participated in the invasion. | The Socialist Republic of Romania supported the invasion of what country? | The Socialist Republic of Romania supported the invasion of what country? | [
"The Socialist Republic of Romania supported the invasion of what country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38023 | 57301d28b2c2fd14005688a9 | Roman_Republic | Caesar became consul in 59 BC. His colleague, Marcus Calpurnius Bibulus, was an extreme aristocrat. Caesar submitted the laws that he had promised Pompey to the assemblies. Bibulus attempted to obstruct the enactment of these laws, and so Caesar used violent means to ensure their passage. Caesar was then made governor ... | Who had tried to prevent the enactment of the laws that Caesar had proposed? | Who had tried to prevent the enactment of the laws that Caesar had proposed? | [
"Who had tried to prevent the enactment of the laws that Caesar had proposed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bibulus"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72746 | 570fd2995ab6b81900391058 | Dell | Dell had a reputation as a company that relied upon supply chain efficiencies to sell established technologies at low prices, instead of being an innovator. By the mid-2000s many analysts were looking to innovating companies as the next source of growth in the technology sector. Dell's low spending on R&D relative to i... | Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions? | Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions? | [
"Dell lagged behind Hewlett Packard and Oracle in delivering what kind of solutions?"
] | {
"text": [
"IT solutions"
],
"answer_start": [
883
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20006 | 5733926d4776f41900660d8d | University_of_Notre_Dame | The Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C. served as president from 1946 to 1952. Cavanaugh's legacy at Notre Dame in the post-war years was devoted to raising academic standards and reshaping the university administration to suit it to an enlarged educational mission and an expanded student body and stressing advanced studies... | Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947? | Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947? | [
"Which president did Notre Dame have in 1947?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rev. John J. Cavanaugh, C.S.C."
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27327 | 572ee52903f9891900756ac8 | Transistor | In a grounded-emitter transistor circuit, such as the light-switch circuit shown, as the base voltage rises, the emitter and collector currents rise exponentially. The collector voltage drops because of reduced resistance from collector to emitter. If the voltage difference between the collector and emitter were zero (... | What would happen if the voltage difference from collector and emitter were zero? | What would happen if the voltage difference from collector and emitter were zero? | [
"What would happen if the voltage difference from collector and emitter were zero?"
] | {
"text": [
"the collector current would be limited only by the load resistance (light bulb) and the supply voltage"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106057 | 56e1069ce3433e1400422aec | Space_Race | The American Lunar Module was finally ready for a successful piloted test flight in low Earth orbit on Apollo 9 in March 1969. The next mission, Apollo 10, conducted a "dress rehearsal" for the first landing in May 1969, flying the LM in lunar orbit as close as 47,400 feet (14.4 km) above the surface, the point where t... | How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test? | How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test? | [
"How close to the ground was the Lunar Module in May 1969 during its landing test?"
] | {
"text": [
"47,400 feet"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16454 | 57318a0ae6313a140071d06c | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the conflict's early months it appeared that Gaddafi's government – with its greater firepower – would be victorious. Both sides disregarded the laws of war, committing human rights abuses, including arbitrary arrests, torture, extrajudicial executions and revenge attacks. On 26 February the United Nations Security ... | As a result of Resolution 1970, what body was Libya suspended from? | As a result of Resolution 1970, what body was Libya suspended from? | [
"As a result of Resolution 1970, what body was Libya suspended from?"
] | {
"text": [
"UN Human Rights Council"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15497 | 5706cee50eeca41400aa0e4d | Black_people | The second half of the 20th century to the present has seen a gradual shift towards improved human rights for Aboriginal people. In a 1967 referendum over 90% of the Australian population voted to end constitutional discrimination and to include Aborigines in the national census. During this period many Aboriginal acti... | What else was included in the 1967 referendum? | What else was included in the 1967 referendum? | [
"What else was included in the 1967 referendum?"
] | {
"text": [
"to include Aborigines in the national census."
],
"answer_start": [
235
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78284 | 57279793dd62a815002ea15a | Child_labour | In 2004, the United States passed an amendment to the Fair Labour Standards Act of 1938. The amendment allows certain children aged 14–18 to work in or outside a business where machinery is used to process wood. The law aims to respect the religious and cultural needs of the Amish community of the United States. The Am... | What culture in the US benefits from this Act? | What culture in the US benefits from this Act? | [
"What culture in the US benefits from this Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"Amish"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97736 | 57327819e99e3014001e67cc | Humanism | Gellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might call "humane" or "p... | In which period did Gellius gain fame? | In which period did Gellius gain fame? | [
"In which period did Gellius gain fame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italian Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3938 | 56bfb10da10cfb140055124b | Beyoncé | In 2015 Beyoncé signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorit... | When will they meet? | When will they meet? | [
"When will they meet?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25434 | 5acfa4f277cf76001a6856e3 | Namibia | A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observer... | In what year did Martti Ahtisaarsi become a diplomat? | In what year did Martti Ahtisaarsi become a diplomat? | [
"In what year did Martti Ahtisaarsi become a diplomat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42469 | 570ff36da58dae1900cd6792 | Sexual_orientation | Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social ... | Do scientist's know what can cause somebodys sexual orientation? | Do scientist's know what can cause somebodys sexual orientation? | [
"Do scientist's know what can cause somebodys sexual orientation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93241 | 57310d75497a881900248b47 | Light-emitting_diode | In the late 1980s, key breakthroughs in GaN epitaxial growth and p-type doping ushered in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices. Building upon this foundation, Dr. Moustakas at Boston University patented a method for producing high-brightness blue LEDs using a new two-step process. Two years later, in 1993... | In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices? | In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices? | [
"In what decade were breakthroughs made that brought in the modern era of GaN-based optoelectronic devices?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111866 | 57277a07f1498d1400e8f919 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Richard Owen showed that fossils of extinct species Darwin found in South America were allied to living species on the same continent. In March 1837, ornithologist John Gould announced that Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea (though their territories overlapped), that mockingbirds c... | What did John Gould announce in 1837? | What did John Gould announce in 1837? | [
"What did John Gould announce in 1837?"
] | {
"text": [
"Darwin's rhea was a separate species from the previously described rhea"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13260 | 56e78af900c9c71400d7727d | Nanjing | A monument to the huge human cost of some of the gigantic construction projects of the early Ming dynasty is the Yangshan Quarry (located some 15–20 km (9–12 mi) east of the walled city and Ming Xiaoling mausoleum), where a gigantic stele, cut on the orders of the Yongle Emperor, lies abandoned, just as it was left 600... | Who ordered the creation of the stele? | Who ordered the creation of the stele? | [
"Who ordered the creation of the stele?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Yongle Emperor"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81290 | 57266a1ef1498d1400e8df04 | Queen_Victoria | Russell's ministry, though Whig, was not favoured by the Queen. She found particularly offensive the Foreign Secretary, Lord Palmerston, who often acted without consulting the Cabinet, the Prime Minister, or the Queen. Victoria complained to Russell that Palmerston sent official dispatches to foreign leaders without he... | Whom did Palmerston fail to gain approval from befoe announcing the support of the British government of Napoleon's coup? | Whom did Palmerston fail to gain approval from befoe announcing the support of the British government of Napoleon's coup? | [
"Whom did Palmerston fail to gain approval from befoe announcing the support of the British government of Napoleon's coup? "
] | {
"text": [
"Prime Minister"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60264 | 5ace270832bba1001ae49bd5 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Tyson Research Center is a 2,000-acre (809 ha) field station located west of St. Louis on the Meramec River. Washington University obtained Tyson as surplus property from the federal government in 1963. It is used by the University as a biological field station and research/education center. In 2010 the Living Learning... | In what year was the Living Learning Center established? | In what year was the Living Learning Center established? | [
"In what year was the Living Learning Center established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22772 | 57359cf7e853931400426a49 | Kathmandu | The colophons of ancient manuscripts, dated as late as the 20th century, refer to Kathmandu as Kasthamandap Mahanagar in Nepal Mandala. Mahanagar means "great city". The city is called "Kasthamandap" in a vow that Buddhist priests still recite to this day. Thus, Kathmandu is also known as Kasthamandap. During medieval ... | How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English? | How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English? | [
"How does कान्तिपुर transliterate into English?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kantipur"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114740 | 570a7e7c4103511400d5977c | Emotion | The motor centers of reptiles react to sensory cues of vision, sound, touch, chemical, gravity, and motion with pre-set body movements and programmed postures. With the arrival of night-active mammals, smell replaced vision as the dominant sense, and a different way of responding arose from the olfactory sense, which i... | How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles? | How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles? | [
"How do the olfactory lobes of mammals compare in size to those of reptiles?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98841 | 5a5acd7b9c0277001abe7193 | Heresy | Galileo Galilei was brought before the Inquisition for heresy, but abjured his views and was sentenced to house arrest, under which he spent the rest of his life. Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Ear... | What did the church say could be probale if declare contrary to Holy Scripture?? | What did the church say could be probale if declare contrary to Holy Scripture?? | [
"What did the church say could be probale if declare contrary to Holy Scripture??"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93592 | 5728b1624b864d1900164c39 | Estonia | Although initially the Germans were welcomed by most Estonians as liberators from the USSR and its oppressions, and hopes were raised for the restoration of the country's independence, it was soon realised that the Nazis were but another occupying power. The Germans used Estonia's resources for their war effort; for th... | What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy? | What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy? | [
"What did Germany take from Estonia for their war strategy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estonia's resources"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37414 | 5727bd4a4b864d1900163c0b | Switzerland | Swiss are fans of football and the national team is nicknamed the 'Nati'. The headquarters of the sport's governing body, the International Federation of Association Football (FIFA), is located in Zürich. Switzerland hosted the 1954 FIFA World Cup, and was the joint host, with Austria, of the Euro 2008 tournament. The ... | Where is the FIFA located? | Where is the FIFA located? | [
"Where is the FIFA located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zürich"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26420 | 573189a6e6313a140071d05b | University | All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly ex... | What outlook developed the creation of the university system? | What outlook developed the creation of the university system? | [
"What outlook developed the creation of the university system?"
] | {
"text": [
"humanism"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70114 | 570b819cec8fbc190045ba44 | Great_Plains | Although the eastern image of farm life in the prairies emphasized the isolation of the lonely farmer and wife, plains residents created busy social lives for themselves. They often sponsored activities that combined work, food and entertainment such as barn raisings, corn huskings, quilting bees, Grange meetings, chur... | who usually organized shared meals and potluck events? | who usually organized shared meals and potluck events? | [
"who usually organized shared meals and potluck events?"
] | {
"text": [
"Women"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85436 | 572819132ca10214002d9dc7 | European_Central_Bank | However, if the debt rescheduling causes losses on loans held by European banks, it weakens the private banking system, which then puts pressure on the central bank to come to the aid of those banks. Private-sector bond holders are an integral part of the public and private banking system. Another possible response is ... | What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt? | What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt? | [
"What is to be used to guarantee the debtors repayment, by the banks assuming their debt?"
] | {
"text": [
"tax revenues and credit of the wealthy member countries"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112975 | 570d5ecfb3d812140066d775 | Adolescence | The human brain is not fully developed by the time a person reaches puberty. Between the ages of 10 and 25, the brain undergoes changes that have important implications for behavior (see Cognitive development below). The brain reaches 90% of its adult size by the time a person is six years of age. Thus, the brain does ... | The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information? | The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information? | [
"The biggest changes in the brain during puberty occur in the parts of the cortex that process what kinds of information?"
] | {
"text": [
"cognitive and emotional"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46553 | 57266400f1498d1400e8de09 | Department_store | In Denmark you find three department store chains: Magasin (1868), Illum (1891), Salling (1906). Magasin is by far the largest with 6 stores all over the country, with the flagship store being Magasin du Nord on Kongens Nytorv in Copenhagen. Illums only store on Amagertorv in Copenhagen has the appearance of a departme... | How many stores does Salling have in Jutland? | How many stores does Salling have in Jutland? | [
"How many stores does Salling have in Jutland? "
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
478
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4545 | 5a60ffdce9e1cc001a33ce1d | Pope_John_XXIII | His sister Ancilla would soon be diagnosed with stomach cancer in the early 1950s. Roncalli's last letter to her was dated on 8 November 1953 where he promised to visit her within the next week. He could not keep that promise, as Ancilla died on 11 November 1953 at the time when he was consecrating a new church in Veni... | Where was Roncalli's funeral held? | Where was Roncalli's funeral held? | [
"Where was Roncalli's funeral held?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85575 | 5711142aa58dae1900cd6be1 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Japanese (Famicom) cartridges are shaped slightly differently. While the NES used a 72-pin interface, the Famicom system used a 60-pin design. Unlike NES games, official Famicom cartridges were produced in many colors of plastic. Adapters, similar in design to the popular accessory Game Genie, are available that allow ... | Which interface did the NES use? | Which interface did the NES use? | [
"Which interface did the NES use?"
] | {
"text": [
"72-pin"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86170 | 5734338bd058e614000b6b0c | Tucson,_Arizona | The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3. It typically continues through August and sometimes into September. During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. It begins with clouds building up from the south in the early afternoon foll... | How long does Tucson's monsoon last? | How long does Tucson's monsoon last? | [
"How long does Tucson's monsoon last?"
] | {
"text": [
"through August and sometimes into September"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32766 | 5a32d6e6bd0d7f001aef947b | Central_African_Republic | Approximately 10,000 years ago, desertification forced hunter-gatherer societies south into the Sahel regions of northern Central Africa, where some groups settled and began farming as part of the Neolithic Revolution. Initial farming of white yam progressed into millet and sorghum, and before 3000 BC the domestication... | What did dedertification allow for the expansion of? | What did dedertification allow for the expansion of? | [
"What did dedertification allow for the expansion of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42037 | 5a42f4eb4a4859001aac73bf | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | During the SNES's life, Nintendo contracted with two different companies to develop a CD-ROM-based peripheral for the console to compete with Sega's CD-ROM based addon, Mega-CD. Ultimately, deals with both Sony and Philips fell through, (although a prototype console was produced by Sony) with Philips gaining the right ... | What did Sony do to develop a CD ROM to compete with Philips? | What did Sony do to develop a CD ROM to compete with Philips? | [
"What did Sony do to develop a CD ROM to compete with Philips?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37783 | 5728da5d2ca10214002da999 | London | Walking is a popular recreational activity in London. Areas that provide for walks include Wimbledon Common, Epping Forest, Hampton Court Park, Hampstead Heath, the eight Royal Parks, canals and disused railway tracks. Access to canals and rivers has improved recently, including the creation of the Thames Path, some 28... | Which walking path follows the route of the body of water for which it is named? | Which walking path follows the route of the body of water for which it is named? | [
"Which walking path follows the route of the body of water for which it is named?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Thames Path"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50187 | 5ace739f32bba1001ae4a708 | Neptune | Neptune is the eighth and farthest known planet from the Sun in the Solar System. It is the fourth-largest planet by diameter and the third-largest by mass. Among the giant planets in the Solar System, Neptune is the most dense. Neptune is 17 times the mass of Earth and is slightly more massive than its near-twin Uranu... | What is the eighth planet from the earth? | What is the eighth planet from the earth? | [
"What is the eighth planet from the earth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10493 | 56e03088231d4119001abfa4 | Comics | Comics in the US has had a lowbrow reputation stemming from its roots in mass culture; cultural elites sometimes saw popular culture as threatening culture and society. In the latter half of the 20th century, popular culture won greater acceptance, and the lines between high and low culture began to blur. Comics nevert... | Who thought pop culture was a risk? | Who thought pop culture was a risk? | [
"Who thought pop culture was a risk?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural elites"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86343 | 570ce0b1fed7b91900d45a60 | Gymnastics | The Federation of International Gymnastics (FIG) was founded in Liege in 1881. By the end of the nineteenth century, men's gymnastics competition was popular enough to be included in the first "modern" Olympic Games in 1896. From then on until the early 1950s, both national and international competitions involved a cha... | When were the first women's Olympic competitions held? | When were the first women's Olympic competitions held? | [
"When were the first women's Olympic competitions held?"
] | {
"text": [
"1928"
],
"answer_start": [
774
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38428 | 56de997dcffd8e1900b4ba22 | Materialism | During the 19th century, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels extended the concept of materialism to elaborate a materialist conception of history centered on the roughly empirical world of human activity (practice, including labor) and the institutions created, reproduced, or destroyed by that activity (see materialist conc... | What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy? | What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy? | [
"What type of materialism defined the Marxist philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [
"dialectical materialism"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107119 | 57345181879d6814001ca50b | Hunting | Hunting in the United States is not associated with any particular class or culture; a 2006 poll showed seventy-eight percent of Americans supported legal hunting, although relatively few Americans actually hunt. At the beginning of the 21st century, just six percent of Americans hunted. Southerners in states along the... | How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006? | How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006? | [
"How much did the number of hunters over the age of sixteen decline in the period between 1996-2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten percent"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73568 | 56d384b059d6e41400146603 | American_Idol | For five consecutive seasons, starting in season seven, the title was given to a white male who plays the guitar – a trend that Idol pundits call the "White guy with guitar" or "WGWG" factor. Just hours before the season eleven finale, where Phillip Phillips was named the winner, Richard Rushfield, author of the book A... | What does the acronym WGWG stand for? | What does the acronym WGWG stand for? | [
"What does the acronym WGWG stand for? "
] | {
"text": [
"White guy with guitar"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35966 | 57270cbef1498d1400e8f2a9 | Comcast | Comcast sold Comcast Cellular to SBC Communications in 1999 for $400 million, releasing them from $1.27 billion in debt. Comcast acquired Greater Philadelphia Cablevision in 1999. In March 1999, Comcast offered to buy MediaOne for $60 billion. However, MediaOne decided to accept AT&T Corporation's offer of $62 billion ... | What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in? | What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in? | [
"What internet commerce company did Comcast invest in?"
] | {
"text": [
"VeriSign"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99328 | 57307298396df9190009610a | 51st_state | In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense... | What is another connotation for the 51st state label? | What is another connotation for the 51st state label? | [
"What is another connotation for the 51st state label?"
] | {
"text": [
"if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71166 | 56e7966637bdd419002c41b9 | University_of_Kansas | KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text based web browser. Lynx itself provided hypertext browsing and navigation prior to Tim Berners Lee's invention of HTTP and HTML. | What was made possible by Lynx? | What was made possible by Lynx? | [
"What was made possible by Lynx?"
] | {
"text": [
"hypertext browsing and navigation"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78885 | 56d11a1b17492d1400aab95e | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The GameCube and Wii versions feature several minor differences in their controls. The Wii version of the game makes use of the motion sensors and built-in speaker of the Wii Remote. The speaker emits the sounds of a bowstring when shooting an arrow, Midna's laugh when she gives advice to Link, and the series' trademar... | What device on the Wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard? | What device on the Wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard? | [
"What device on the Wii allows for sounds of a bowstring to be heard?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wii Remote"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70256 | 5a2c3359bfd06b001a5aea46 | Neoclassical_architecture | Seen in its wider social context, Greek Revival architecture sounded a new note of sobriety and restraint in public buildings in Britain around 1800 as an assertion of nationalism attendant on the Act of Union, the Napoleonic Wars, and the clamour for political reform. It was to be William Wilkins's winning design for ... | The design of what college marked the end of Greek revival? | The design of what college marked the end of Greek revival? | [
"The design of what college marked the end of Greek revival?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23588 | 5ad14c5d645df0001a2d164d | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Robert N. Bellah has in his writings that although the separation of church and state is grounded firmly in the constitution of the United States, this does not mean that there is no religious dimension in the political society of the United States. He used the term "Civil Religion" to describe the specific relation be... | What doesn't Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe? | What doesn't Bellah use the term "civil religion' to describe? | [
" What doesn't Bellah use the term \"civil religion' to describe?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114773 | 5a7db48670df9f001a87505f | Matter | Before the 20th century, the term matter included ordinary matter composed of atoms and excluded other energy phenomena such as light or sound. This concept of matter may be generalized from atoms to include any objects having mass even when at rest, but this is ill-defined because an object's mass can arise from its (... | What did the term matter include after the 20th century? | What did the term matter include after the 20th century? | [
"What did the term matter include after the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101984 | 5a514695ce860b001aa3fca3 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | What was redrawn during the allied occupation after WW I | What was redrawn during the allied occupation after WW I | [
"What was redrawn during the allied occupation after WW I"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20159 | 5733bed24776f4190066118b | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is the major seat of the Congregation of Holy Cross (albeit not its official headquarters, which are in Rome). Its main seminary, Moreau Seminary, is located on the campus across St. Joseph lake from the Main Building. Old College, the oldest building on campus and located near the shore of St. Mary lake... | What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame? | What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame? | [
"What individuals live at Fatima House at Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Retired priests and brothers"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109280 | 57279a875951b619008f8e6d | Carnival | In Argentina, the most representative Carnival performed is the so-called Murga, although other famous Carnivals, more like Brazil's, are held in Argentine Mesopotamia and the North-East. Gualeguaychú in the east of Entre Ríos province is the most important Carnival city and has one of the largest parades. It adopts a ... | Where is Carnival celebrated? | Where is Carnival celebrated? | [
"Where is Carnival celebrated? "
] | {
"text": [
"In all major cities and many towns throughout the country"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103091 | 571a94b810f8ca140030517a | Multiracial_American | In 1790, the first federal population census was taken in the United States. Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or "other." Only the heads of households were identified by name in the federal census until 1850. Native Americans were included among "Other;" in later censuses, they were inclu... | How were enumerators instructed to classify residents? | How were enumerators instructed to classify residents? | [
"How were enumerators instructed to classify residents?"
] | {
"text": [
". Enumerators were instructed to classify free residents as white or \"other.\""
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13359 | 56e7a3f737bdd419002c42b5 | Nanjing | Into the first half of the twentieth century after the establishment of ROC, Nanjing gradually shifted from being a production hub towards being a heavy consumption city, mainly because of the rapid expansion of its wealthy population after Nanjing once again regained the political spotlight of China. A number of huge ... | What mostly caused the shift to a consumer city? | What mostly caused the shift to a consumer city? | [
"What mostly caused the shift to a consumer city?"
] | {
"text": [
"the rapid expansion of its wealthy population"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5552 | 57069b7b52bb891400689aca | House_music | The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specif... | when was player one's "space invaders" released? | when was player one's "space invaders" released? | [
"when was player one's \"space invaders\" released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68943 | 572f56ddb2c2fd140056804b | Modern_history | After the early 20th century revolutions, shifting alliances of China's regional warlords waged war for control of the Beijing government. Despite the fact that various warlords gained control of the government in Beijing during the warlord era, this did not constitute a new era of control or governance, because other ... | Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing? | Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing? | [
"Why was there not a new era of governance in Beijing? "
] | {
"text": [
"because other warlords did not acknowledge the transitory governments in this period and were a law unto themselves."
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110612 | 572fed82947a6a140053ce14 | Iran | Iran (/aɪˈræn/ or i/ɪˈrɑːn/; Persian: Irān – ایران [ʔiːˈɾɒːn] ( listen)), also known as Persia (/ˈpɜːrʒə/ or /ˈpɜːrʃə/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran (جمهوری اسلامی ایران – Jomhuri ye Eslāmi ye Irān [d͡ʒomhuːˌɾije eslɒːˌmije ʔiːˈɾɒːn]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. It is bordered to the northwest ... | What is Iran's official country name? | What is Iran's official country name? | [
"What is Iran's official country name?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Islamic Republic of Iran"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81545 | 5ad17c60645df0001a2d1e02 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was pleased when Gladstone resigned in 1885 after his budget was defeated. She thought his government was "the worst I have ever had", and blamed him for the death of General Gordon at Khartoum. Gladstone was replaced by Lord Salisbury. Salisbury's government only lasted a few months, however, and Victoria was... | How long did Lord Salisburys government not last? | How long did Lord Salisburys government not last? | [
"How long did Lord Salisburys government not last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42456 | 5ad25c70d7d075001a428ead | Karl_Popper | In his early years Popper was impressed by Marxism, whether of Communists or socialists. An event that happened in 1919 had a profound effect on him: During a riot, caused by the Communists, the police shot several unarmed people, including some of Popper's friends, when they tried to free party comrades from prison. T... | What was Popper impressed by in his later years? | What was Popper impressed by in his later years? | [
"What was Popper impressed by in his later years?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75932 | 570612ba75f01819005e794b | The_Times | This 164-page monthly magazine is sold separately from the newspaper of record and is Britain's best-selling travel magazine. The first issue of The Sunday Times Travel Magazine was in 2003, and it includes news, features and insider guides. | What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine? | What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine? | [
"What is the name of Britain's best-selling travel magazine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunday Times Travel Magazine"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77671 | 57267b4add62a815002e869c | British_Empire | The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Resp... | When was it proposed to unify Upper and Lower Canada? | When was it proposed to unify Upper and Lower Canada? | [
"When was it proposed to unify Upper and Lower Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"1839"
],
"answer_start": [
85
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75953 | 5a4d2cb47a6c4c001a2bbc0f | Web_browser | A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for retrieving, presenting, and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web. An information resource is identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI/URL) and may be a web page, image, video or other piece of content. Hyperlinks p... | What does content present in applications help users do? | What does content present in applications help users do? | [
"What does content present in applications help users do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100813 | 572f7ebda23a5019007fc691 | Post-punk | The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and mode... | What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement? | What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement? | [
"What was one of the most popular concepts of the pop movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"entryism"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33545 | 56f96f4f9b226e1400dd1444 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 155th Street is a major crosstown street considered to form the boundary between Harlem and Washington Heights. It is the northernmost of the 155 crosstown streets mapped out in the Commissioner's Plan of 1811 that established the numbered street grid in Manhattan. | 155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood? | 155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood? | [
"155th Street forms the boundary between Harlem and what other neighborhood?"
] | {
"text": [
"Washington Heights"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89217 | 56dfc69b231d4119001abdeb | Hunter-gatherer | There are nevertheless a number of contemporary hunter-gatherer peoples who, after contact with other societies, continue their ways of life with very little external influence. One such group is the Pila Nguru (Spinifex people) of Western Australia, whose habitat in the Great Victoria Desert has proved unsuitable for ... | Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands? | Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands? | [
"Where are the Sentinelese and the Andaman Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indian Ocean"
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29566 | 570c4097ec8fbc190045be30 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus – "As it is wri... | How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary? | How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary? | [
"How long in total was the \"blood of her purifying\" for Mary?"
] | {
"text": [
"40 days"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12635 | 5ad2ef2b604f3c001a3fd9fa | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs. | Who held less power then the cardinal? | Who held less power then the cardinal? | [
"Who held less power then the cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31442 | 57295a38af94a219006aa309 | Germans | As of 2008[update], Germany is the fourth largest music market in the world and has exerted a strong influence on Dance and Rock music, and pioneered trance music. Artists such as Herbert Grönemeyer, Scorpions, Rammstein, Nena, Dieter Bohlen, Tokio Hotel and Modern Talking have enjoyed international fame. German musici... | What type of music does Kraftwerk make? | What type of music does Kraftwerk make? | [
"What type of music does Kraftwerk make?"
] | {
"text": [
"electronic"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111939 | 57278fa6708984140094e0e8 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Page ii contains quotations by William Whewell and Francis Bacon on the theology of natural laws, harmonising science and religion in accordance with Isaac Newton's belief in a rational God who established a law-abiding cosmos. In the second edition, Darwin added an epigraph from Joseph Butler affirming that God could ... | In which edition of On the Origin of Species was the epigraph from Joseph Butler added? | In which edition of On the Origin of Species was the epigraph from Joseph Butler added? | [
"In which edition of On the Origin of Species was the epigraph from Joseph Butler added?"
] | {
"text": [
"the second edition"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14242 | 572ea634cb0c0d14000f13e6 | Han_dynasty | The emperor was at the pinnacle of Han society. He presided over the Han government but shared power with both the nobility and appointed ministers who came largely from the scholarly gentry class. The Han Empire was divided into areas directly controlled by the central government using an innovation inherited from the... | When did the Qing dynasty fall? | When did the Qing dynasty fall? | [
"When did the Qing dynasty fall?"
] | {
"text": [
"AD 1911"
],
"answer_start": [
766
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59672 | 5ad16a56645df0001a2d1a5c | Electric_motor | Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extreme... | What is another name for rough rotation? | What is another name for rough rotation? | [
" What is another name for rough rotation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84322 | 5ad39813604f3c001a3fe7e2 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The power to review the constitutionality of laws may be limited by Congress, which has the power to set the jurisdiction of the courts. The only constitutional limit on Congress' power to set the jurisdiction of the judiciary relates to the Supreme Court; the Supreme Court may exercise only appellate jurisdiction exce... | Who lacks the power to set the jurisdiction of courts? | Who lacks the power to set the jurisdiction of courts? | [
"Who lacks the power to set the jurisdiction of courts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66077 | 5a6513c9c2b11c001a425be4 | ASCII | When a Teletype 33 ASR equipped with the automatic paper tape reader received a Control-S (XOFF, an abbreviation for transmit off), it caused the tape reader to stop; receiving Control-Q (XON, "transmit on") caused the tape reader to resume. This technique became adopted by several early computer operating systems as a... | What two controls can be configured from a mobile phone? | What two controls can be configured from a mobile phone? | [
"What two controls can be configured from a mobile phone?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111188 | 57319878e17f3d1400422259 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The myth of a Trojan founding with Greek influence was reconciled through an elaborate genealogy (the Latin kings of Alba Longa) with the well-known legend of Rome's founding by Romulus and Remus. The most common version of the twins' story displays several aspects of hero myth. Their mother, Rhea Silvia, had been orde... | What type of events saved the twins of Roman myth? | What type of events saved the twins of Roman myth? | [
"What type of events saved the twins of Roman myth?"
] | {
"text": [
"miraculous"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50717 | 56e961ae0b45c0140094cdde | Bern | In 2008[update] the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 125,037. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 203, of which 184 were in agriculture and 19 were in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 15,476 of which 7,650 or (49.4%) were in manufacturing, 51 or (0.3%) ... | How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture? | How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture? | [
"How many jobs in the primary sector were agrictulture?"
] | {
"text": [
"184"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84905 | 5726b0095951b619008f7a6c | Mali | In January 2012, an armed conflict broke out in northern Mali, which Tuareg rebels took control of by April and declared the secession of a new state, Azawad. The conflict was complicated by a military coup that took place in March and later fighting between Tuareg and Islamist rebels. In response to Islamist territori... | What were the rebels named in the conflict of 2012? | What were the rebels named in the conflict of 2012? | [
"What were the rebels named in the conflict of 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tuareg rebels"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88767 | 570f2f5c5ab6b81900390e90 | Circadian_rhythm | A defect in the human homologue of the Drosophila "period" gene was identified as a cause of the sleep disorder FASPS (Familial advanced sleep phase syndrome), underscoring the conserved nature of the molecular circadian clock through evolution. Many more genetic components of the biological clock are now known. Their ... | What kind of clock have genetic functions? | What kind of clock have genetic functions? | [
"What kind of clock have genetic functions?"
] | {
"text": [
"biological clock"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
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