gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-101171 | 5ad27de2d7d075001a4296d8 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states w... | Who never predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region? | Who never predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region? | [
"Who never predicted soviet aggression in the Baltic region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100375 | 56e10ac2cd28a01900c674bc | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orb... | How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have? | How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have? | [
"How many non-geostationary orbit satellites will the BeiDou-2 system have?"
] | {
"text": [
"30"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21753 | 570a9c066d058f1900182ff8 | Aircraft_carrier | A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most... | What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called? | What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called? | [
"What are the soviet aircraft carriers used by Russia actually called?"
] | {
"text": [
"heavy aviation cruisers"
],
"answer_start": [
660
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61988 | 5ace825932bba1001ae4a8d6 | Madrasa | Today, the system of Arabic and Islamic education has grown and further integrated with Kerala government administration. In 2005, an estimated 6,000 Muslim Arabic teachers taught in Kerala government schools, with over 500,000 Muslim students. State-appointed committees, not private mosques or religious scholars outsi... | How many non-Muslim students are there in Kerala? | How many non-Muslim students are there in Kerala? | [
" How many non-Muslim students are there in Kerala?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87717 | 5729d4063f37b31900478586 | IBM | IBM announced it will launch its new software, called "Open Client Offering" which is to run on Linux, Microsoft Windows and Apple's Mac OS X. The company states that its new product allows businesses to offer employees a choice of using the same software on Windows and its alternatives. This means that "Open Client Of... | What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft? | What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft? | [
"What is an alternative to the Office document format from Microsoft?"
] | {
"text": [
"Open Document Format software"
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35965 | 57270cbef1498d1400e8f2a8 | Comcast | Comcast sold Comcast Cellular to SBC Communications in 1999 for $400 million, releasing them from $1.27 billion in debt. Comcast acquired Greater Philadelphia Cablevision in 1999. In March 1999, Comcast offered to buy MediaOne for $60 billion. However, MediaOne decided to accept AT&T Corporation's offer of $62 billion ... | How much was ComCast Cellular sold for in 1999? | How much was ComCast Cellular sold for in 1999? | [
"How much was ComCast Cellular sold for in 1999?"
] | {
"text": [
"$400 million"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115146 | 5a39dd7e2f14dd001ac7261c | Mammal | Except for the five species of monotremes (egg-laying mammals), all modern mammals give birth to live young. Most mammals, including the six most species-rich orders, belong to the placental group. The three largest orders in numbers, are first Rodentia: mice, rats, porcupines, beavers, capybaras, and other gnawing mam... | What group do the six species of monotremes belong to? | What group do the six species of monotremes belong to? | [
"What group do the six species of monotremes belong to? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88852 | 5a2215e5819328001af389f3 | Circadian_rhythm | It is now known that the molecular circadian clock can function within a single cell; i.e., it is cell-autonomous. This was shown by Gene Block in isolated mollusk BRNs.[clarification needed] At the same time, different cells may communicate with each other resulting in a synchronised output of electrical signaling. Th... | What is timed independently of the biological clock? | What is timed independently of the biological clock? | [
"What is timed independently of the biological clock?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9233 | 5732674b0fdd8d15006c6a9b | The_Bronx | The Bronx is the home of the New York Yankees of Major League Baseball. The original Yankee Stadium opened in 1923 on 161st Street and River Avenue, a year that saw the Yankees bring home their first of 27 World Series Championships. With the famous facade, the short right field porch and Monument Park, Yankee Stadium ... | What league are the NY Yankees in? | What league are the NY Yankees in? | [
"What league are the NY Yankees in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Major League Baseball"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100934 | 57278fba5951b619008f8d8e | Hindu_philosophy | The Yoga school builds on the Samkhya school theory that jñāna (knowledge) is a sufficient means to moksha. It suggests that systematic techniques/practice (personal experimentation) combined with Samkhya's approach to knowledge is the path to moksha. Yoga shares several central ideas with Advaita Vedanta, with the dif... | What is the meaning of jnana? | What is the meaning of jnana? | [
"What is the meaning of jnana?"
] | {
"text": [
"knowledge"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31924 | 57269ba4708984140094cb8e | Myanmar | Political unification returned in the mid-16th century, due to the efforts of Taungoo, a former vassal state of Ava. Taungoo's young, ambitious king Tabinshwehti defeated the more powerful Hanthawaddy in the Toungoo–Hanthawaddy War (1534–41). His successor Bayinnaung went on to conquer a vast swath of mainland Southeas... | In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ? | In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ? | [
"In what year did the dynasty of Bayinnaung fully collapse ?"
] | {
"text": [
"1599"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45856 | 5ace33a232bba1001ae49df2 | YouTube | YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with NBC in June 2006. In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for US viewers ... | What did YouTube introduce in November 2010? | What did YouTube introduce in November 2010? | [
"What did YouTube introduce in November 2010?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115079 | 56ddd58e66d3e219004dad0f | Wayback_Machine | In 2003, Harding Earley Follmer & Frailey defended a client from a trademark dispute using the Archive's Wayback Machine. The attorneys were able to demonstrate that the claims made by the plaintiff were invalid, based on the content of their web site from several years prior. The plaintiff, Healthcare Advocates, then ... | Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a defendant? | Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a defendant? | [
"Who did Healthcare advocates change their case to include as a defendant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Internet Archive"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83237 | 5727b1e32ca10214002d9410 | Dominican_Order | In 1203, Dominic joined Prior Diego de Acebo on an embassy to Denmark for the monarchy of Spain, to arrange the marriage between the son of King Alfonso VIII of Castile and a niece of King Valdemar II of Denmark. At that time the south of France was the stronghold of the Cathar or Albigensian heresy, named after the Du... | With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark? | With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark? | [
"With whom did Dominic travel with to Denmark?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prior Diego de Acebo"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102809 | 5727b3022ca10214002d943b | Unicode | Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit... | What does UTF-16 expand? | What does UTF-16 expand? | [
"What does UTF-16 expand? "
] | {
"text": [
"UCS-2"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1133 | 5a84a2f57cf838001a46a9e3 | Endangered_Species_Act | According to research published in 1999 by Alan Green and the Center for Public Integrity (CPI), loopholes in the ESA are commonly exploited in the exotic pet trade. Although the legislation prohibits interstate and foreign transactions for list species, no provisions are made for in-state commerce, allowing these anim... | What organization prevents animals from being sold to zoos or collectors? | What organization prevents animals from being sold to zoos or collectors? | [
"What organization prevents animals from being sold to zoos or collectors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111832 | 5727707df1498d1400e8f823 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign ... | Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book? | Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book? | [
"Who attempted to secularize science during the debate over Darwin's book?"
] | {
"text": [
"T. H. Huxley"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83991 | 57306408069b5314008320c7 | Translation | After World War I, when Britain and France divided up the Middle East's countries, apart from Turkey, between them, pursuant to the Sykes-Picot agreement—in violation of solemn wartime promises of postwar Arab autonomy—there came an immediate reaction: the Muslim Brotherhood emerged in Egypt, the House of Saud took ove... | A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt? | A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt? | [
"A reaction to Britain and France's actions was the emergence of what group in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim Brotherhood"
],
"answer_start": [
257
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26516 | 5a77a1ddb73996001af5a4bb | University | The propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famine, regicide, and ch... | How would one describe the control of universities before nation-states in the 18th century? | How would one describe the control of universities before nation-states in the 18th century? | [
"How would one describe the control of universities before nation-states in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98585 | 5a5fa1c5eae51e001ab14b5e | Marvel_Comics | All of these elements struck a chord with the older readers, such as college-aged adults, and they successfully gained in a way not seen before. In 1965, Spider-Man and the Hulk were both featured in Esquire magazine's list of 28 college campus heroes, alongside John F. Kennedy and Bob Dylan. In 2009 writer Geoff Bouch... | When did Geoff Boucher join Marvel? | When did Geoff Boucher join Marvel? | [
"When did Geoff Boucher join Marvel?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87544 | 5a68e03e8476ee001a58a81d | IBM | IBM acquired Kenexa (2012) and SPSS (2009) and PwC's consulting business (2002), spinning off companies like printer manufacturer Lexmark (1991), and selling off product lines like its personal computer and x86 server businesses to Lenovo (2005, 2014). In 2014, IBM announced that it would go "fabless" by offloading IBM... | What company did Kenexa sell Lexmark to? | What company did Kenexa sell Lexmark to? | [
"What company did Kenexa sell Lexmark to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32873 | 57281922ff5b5019007d9d3d | Central_African_Republic | The Syrte Agreement in February and the Birao Peace Agreement in April 2007 called for a cessation of hostilities, the billeting of FDPC fighters and their integration with FACA, the liberation of political prisoners, integration of FDPC into government, an amnesty for the UFDR, its recognition as a political party, an... | When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement? | When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement? | [
"When did the CPJP finally sign the peace agreement?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 August 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47173 | 5726d340dd62a815002e9174 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna's seventh studio album, Ray of Light, (1998) reflected a change in her image. She collaborated with electronica producer William Orbit and wanted to create a sound that could blend dance music with pop and British rock. American music critic Ann Powers explained that what Madonna searched for with Orbit "was a ... | What is the name of Madonna's seventh album? | What is the name of Madonna's seventh album? | [
"What is the name of Madonna's seventh album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ray of Light"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9039 | 57324f18b9d445190005ea1f | The_Bronx | The Bronx /ˈbrɒŋks/ is the northernmost of the five boroughs (counties) of New York City in the state of New York, located south of Westchester County. Many bridges and tunnels link the Bronx to the island and borough of Manhattan to the west over and under the narrow Harlem River, as well as three longer bridges south... | What is unique about the Bronx's location? | What is unique about the Bronx's location? | [
"What is unique about the Bronx's location?"
] | {
"text": [
"Of the five boroughs, the Bronx is the only one on the U.S. mainland"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98058 | 56e16c1ae3433e1400422efe | Hydrogen | The first hydrogen-filled balloon was invented by Jacques Charles in 1783. Hydrogen provided the lift for the first reliable form of air-travel following the 1852 invention of the first hydrogen-lifted airship by Henri Giffard. German count Ferdinand von Zeppelin promoted the idea of rigid airships lifted by hydrogen t... | In what year did the first zeppelin make flight? | In what year did the first zeppelin make flight? | [
"In what year did the first zeppelin make flight?"
] | {
"text": [
"1900"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33132 | 5ad19690645df0001a2d20a8 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Prompted by legislation in various countries mandating increased bulb efficiency, new "hybrid" incandescent bulbs have been introduced by Philips. The "Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents can produce about 23 lm/W; about 30 percent more efficient than traditional incandescents, by using a reflective capsule to reflect... | Which concept was not pioneered by Duro-Test in 1980? | Which concept was not pioneered by Duro-Test in 1980? | [
"Which concept was not pioneered by Duro-Test in 1980?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65263 | 5726e7d3f1498d1400e8ef87 | Crimean_War | Britain was concerned about Russian activity and Sir John Burgoyne senior advisor to Lord Aberdeen urged that the Dardanelles should be occupied and throw up works of sufficient strength to block any Russian move to capture Constantinople and gain access to the Mediterranean Sea. The Corps of Royal Engineers sent men t... | Who was Burgoyne visiting in Paris? | Who was Burgoyne visiting in Paris? | [
"Who was Burgoyne visiting in Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"British Ambassador and the French Emperor"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99574 | 56fb66c9b28b3419009f1d2c | Middle_Ages | Christianity was a major unifying factor between Eastern and Western Europe before the Arab conquests, but the conquest of North Africa sundered maritime connections between those areas. Increasingly the Byzantine Church differed in language, practices, and liturgy from the western Church. The eastern church used Greek... | What language was used by the eastern church? | What language was used by the eastern church? | [
"What language was used by the eastern church?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76612 | 572a9c79111d821400f38c3d | Philadelphia | Philadelphia's importance and central location in the colonies made it a natural center for America's revolutionaries. By the 1750s, Philadelphia had surpassed Boston to become the largest city and busiest port in British America, and second in the British Empire, behind London. The city hosted the First Continental Co... | When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention? | When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention? | [
"When did Philadelphia host the Constitutional Convention?"
] | {
"text": [
"1787"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82208 | 572697d6708984140094cb32 | Pesticide | Every dollar ($1) that is spent on pesticides for crops yields four dollars ($4) in crops saved. This means based that, on the amount of money spent per year on pesticides, $10 billion, there is an additional $40 billion savings in crop that would be lost due to damage by insects and weeds. In general, farmers benefit ... | In which area do pesticides creat jobs? | In which area do pesticides creat jobs? | [
"In which area do pesticides creat jobs?"
] | {
"text": [
"agrichemical sector"
],
"answer_start": [
746
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114691 | 5ad278d6d7d075001a429590 | Emotion | In the 2000s, research in computer science, engineering, psychology and neuroscience has been aimed at developing devices that recognize human affect display and model emotions. In computer science, affective computing is a branch of the study and development of artificial intelligence that deals with the design of sys... | In affective computing, what devices aren't used to collect data about the physical state of a user? | In affective computing, what devices aren't used to collect data about the physical state of a user? | [
"In affective computing, what devices aren't used to collect data about the physical state of a user?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60453 | 57268fcdf1498d1400e8e3de | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor was founded in 1824 by land speculators John Allen and Elisha Walker Rumsey. On 25 May 1824, the town plat was registered with Wayne County as "Annarbour;" this represents the earliest known use of the town's name. Allen and Rumsey decided to name it for their wives, both named Ann, and for the stands of Bur ... | Which tribe named the settlement as kaw-goosh-kaw-nick? | Which tribe named the settlement as kaw-goosh-kaw-nick? | [
"Which tribe named the settlement as kaw-goosh-kaw-nick?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ojibwa"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99274 | 5a8a2f143b2508001a72a77f | 51st_state | Several days after the referendum, the Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi, Governor Luis Fortuño, and Governor-elect Alejandro García Padilla wrote separate letters to the President of the United States Barack Obama addressing the results of the voting. Pierluisi urged Obama to begin legislation in favor of the stat... | How did Congress voice their concerns? | How did Congress voice their concerns? | [
"How did Congress voice their concerns?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101141 | 5ad27b50d7d075001a429641 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | At the beginning of the 1930s, the Nazi Party's rise to power increased tensions between Germany and the Soviet Union along with other countries with ethnic Slavs, who were considered "Untermenschen" (inferior) according to Nazi racial ideology. Moreover, the anti-Semitic Nazis associated ethnic Jews with both communis... | Which political group removed problems between the Soviet and German governments? | Which political group removed problems between the Soviet and German governments? | [
"Which political group removed problems between the Soviet and German governments?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23993 | 5726c1825951b619008f7d51 | Bermuda | The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount. The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete ... | What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from? | What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from? | [
"What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from?"
] | {
"text": [
"marine organisms"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19838 | 57317b1de6313a140071cf89 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | What did the President vow he would never betray? | What did the President vow he would never betray? | [
"What did the President vow he would never betray?"
] | {
"text": [
"fight"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100178 | 5ace67b632bba1001ae4a5b5 | Guam | Efforts have been made to protect Guam's coral reef habitats from pollution, eroded silt and overfishing, problems that have led to decreased fish populations. (Since Guam is a significant vacation spot for scuba divers, this is important.) In recent years, the Department of Agriculture, Division of Aquatic and Wildlif... | Who made Tumon Bay into a preserve? | Who made Tumon Bay into a preserve? | [
"Who made Tumon Bay into a preserve?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76058 | 5a4d43c77a6c4c001a2bbc90 | Web_browser | The primary purpose of a web browser is to bring information resources to the user ("retrieval" or "fetching"), allowing them to view the information ("display", "rendering"), and then access other information ("navigation", "following links"). | How does an OS access other information? | How does an OS access other information? | [
"How does an OS access other information?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103126 | 571a2ee410f8ca1400304f3f | Multiracial_American | Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. A... | Melungeons are generally classified as white but what are they genetically what other races? | Melungeons are generally classified as white but what are they genetically what other races? | [
"Melungeons are generally classified as white but what are they genetically what other races?"
] | {
"text": [
"European and sub-Saharan African ancestry"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84489 | 572fe7ccb2c2fd14005685a0 | San_Diego | The original town of San Diego was located at the foot of Presidio Hill, in the area which is now Old Town San Diego State Historic Park. The location was not ideal, being several miles away from navigable water. In 1850, William Heath Davis promoted a new development by the Bay shore called "New San Diego", several mi... | Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location? | Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location? | [
"Who developed New San Diego that was south of the first location?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Heath Davis"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26650 | 5a77b0eeb73996001af5a506 | University | By the end of the early modern period, the structure and orientation of higher education had changed in ways that are eminently recognizable for the modern context. Aristotle was no longer a force providing the epistemological and methodological focus for universities and a more mechanistic orientation was emerging. Th... | The change in universities towards the completion of the modern period is credited with the formation of what entity? | The change in universities towards the completion of the modern period is credited with the formation of what entity? | [
"The change in universities towards the completion of the modern period is credited with the formation of what entity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64976 | 5ad12965645df0001a2d0ffd | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Many solar photovoltaic power stations have been built, mainly in Europe. As of July 2012, the largest photovoltaic (PV) power plants in the world are the Agua Caliente Solar Project (USA, 247 MW), Charanka Solar Park (India, 214 MW), Golmud Solar Park (China, 200 MW), Perovo Solar Park (Russia 100 MW), Sarnia Photovol... | Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project not going to be located? | Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project not going to be located? | [
" Where is the Agua Caliente Solar Project not going to be located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9203 | 573260120fdd8d15006c6a56 | The_Bronx | Education in the Bronx is provided by a large number of public and private institutions, many of which draw students who live beyond the Bronx. The New York City Department of Education manages public noncharter schools in the borough. In 2000, public schools enrolled nearly 280,000 of the Bronx's residents over 3 year... | How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000? | How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000? | [
"How many students attended the Bronx public and private schools as of 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"333,100"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114676 | 570a79de4103511400d59757 | Emotion | Subsequent to these developments, Randall Collins (2004) formulated his interaction ritual theory by drawing on Durkheim's work on totemic rituals that was extended by Goffman (1964/2013; 1967) into everyday focused encounters. Based on interaction ritual theory, we experience different levels or intensities of emotion... | From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived? | From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived? | [
"From what work of Durkheim's was interaction ritual theory derived?"
] | {
"text": [
"totemic rituals"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108940 | 5a7d181170df9f001a874f8f | Literature | In the Age of Reason philosophical tracts and speculations on history and human nature integrated literature with social and political developments. The inevitable reaction was the explosion of Romanticism in the later 18th century which reclaimed the imaginative and fantastical bias of old romances and folk-literature... | What happened during the Age of Reasoning? | What happened during the Age of Reasoning? | [
"What happened during the Age of Reasoning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74847 | 570e7b8c0b85d914000d7f37 | Melbourne | After a trend of declining population density since World War II, the city has seen increased density in the inner and western suburbs, aided in part by Victorian Government planning, such as Postcode 3000 and Melbourne 2030 which have aimed to curtail urban sprawl. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics as o... | How many people did Fitzroy have per km2 between 2012 and 2013? | How many people did Fitzroy have per km2 between 2012 and 2013? | [
"How many people did Fitzroy have per km2 between 2012 and 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"7,900"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35111 | 5a8ce832fd22b3001a8d8ffa | Memory | Interference can hamper memorization and retrieval. There is retroactive interference, when learning new information makes it harder to recall old information and proactive interference, where prior learning disrupts recall of new information. Although interference can lead to forgetting, it is important to keep in min... | What disrupts recall of old information? | What disrupts recall of old information? | [
"What disrupts recall of old information?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30378 | 5726baec708984140094cf71 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | The Raleigh Parks and Recreation Department offers a wide variety of leisure opportunities at more than 150 sites throughout the city, which include: 8,100 acres (33 km2) of park land, 78 miles (126 km) of greenway, 22 community centers, a BMX championship-caliber race track, 112 tennis courts among 25 locations, 5 pub... | How many sites are throughout Raleigh? | How many sites are throughout Raleigh? | [
"How many sites are throughout Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"150"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30883 | 572694255951b619008f7745 | Mexico_City | The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes. Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insu... | April 2012 was the year which Metrobus line opened? | April 2012 was the year which Metrobus line opened? | [
"April 2012 was the year which Metrobus line opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"line 4"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30852 | 57268f75f1498d1400e8e3cc | Mexico_City | On the other hand, Mexico City is also home to large communities of expatriates and immigrants, most notably from the rest of North America (U.S. and Canada), from South America (mainly from Argentina and Colombia, but also from Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela), from Central America and the Caribbean (mainly from ... | What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from? | What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from? | [
"What countries do most of the South American immigrants come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Argentina and Colombia"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64333 | 572829bd4b864d190016461e | John_von_Neumann | The physics of quantum mechanics was thereby reduced to the mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them. For example, the uncertainty principle, according to which the determination of the position of a particle prevents the determination of its momentum and vice versa, is translated into the non-... | What are the physics of quantum mechanics? | What are the physics of quantum mechanics? | [
"What are the physics of quantum mechanics?"
] | {
"text": [
"mathematics of Hilbert spaces and linear operators acting on them"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60963 | 57329c241d5d2e14009ff869 | Police | The first centrally organised police force was created by the government of King Louis XIV in 1667 to police the city of Paris, then the largest city in Europe. The royal edict, registered by the Parlement of Paris on March 15, 1667 created the office of lieutenant général de police ("lieutenant general of police"), wh... | What was the largest European city in 1667? | What was the largest European city in 1667? | [
"What was the largest European city in 1667?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82512 | 56e7608500c9c71400d7704f | Daylight_saving_time | Several studies have suggested that DST increases motor fuel consumption. The 2008 DOE report found no significant increase in motor gasoline consumption due to the 2007 United States extension of DST. | What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published? | What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published? | [
"What year was the DOE report about fuel consumption published?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82111 | 5acfc84877cf76001a685f3b | Royal_assent | Title IV of the 1978 Spanish constitution invests the Consentimiento Real (Royal Assent) and promulgation (publication) of laws with the monarch of Spain, while Title III, The Cortes Generales, Chapter 2, Drafting of Bills, outlines the method by which bills are passed. According to Article 91, within fifteen days of p... | The sovereign has 25 days to give his or her assent according to what article? | The sovereign has 25 days to give his or her assent according to what article? | [
"The sovereign has 25 days to give his or her assent according to what article?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65288 | 5726eef8f1498d1400e8f057 | Crimean_War | In June 1854, the Allied expeditionary force landed at Varna, a city on the Black Sea's western coast (now in Bulgaria). They made little advance from their base there.:175–176 In July 1854, the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854, engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and ... | In what city did Omar Pasha attack the Russians after crossing the Danube into Wallachia ? | In what city did Omar Pasha attack the Russians after crossing the Danube into Wallachia ? | [
"In what city did Omar Pasha attack the Russians after crossing the Danube into Wallachia ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Giurgiu"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83447 | 5727dd912ca10214002d985a | Dominican_Order | Albert the Great wrote that wisdom and understanding enhance one's faith in God. According to him, these are the tools that God uses to commune with a contemplative. Love in the soul is both the cause and result of true understanding and judgement. It causes not only an intellectual knowledge of God, but a spiritual an... | What cannot see God itself? | What cannot see God itself? | [
"What cannot see God itself?"
] | {
"text": [
"The soul"
],
"answer_start": [
673
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114172 | 57267d66f1498d1400e8e180 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that ... | What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun? | What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun? | [
"What position did Larry Lamb take with the Sun?"
] | {
"text": [
"editor"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63278 | 57097d78200fba140036807e | Grape | In the Bible, grapes are first mentioned when Noah grows them on his farm (Genesis 9:20–21). Instructions concerning wine are given in the book of Proverbs and in the book of Isaiah, such as in Proverbs 20:1 and Isaiah 5:20–25. Deuteronomy 18:3–5,14:22–27,16:13–15 tell of the use of wine during Jewish feasts. Grapes we... | Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture? | Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture? | [
"Who was the Greek and Roman god of agriculture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dionysus"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98665 | 5a5fd9abeae51e001ab14cab | Marvel_Comics | Marvel earned a great deal of money and recognition during the comic book boom of the early 1990s, launching the successful 2099 line of comics set in the future (Spider-Man 2099, etc.) and the creatively daring though commercially unsuccessful Razorline imprint of superhero comics created by novelist and filmmaker Cli... | When was SkyBox International launched? | When was SkyBox International launched? | [
"When was SkyBox International launched?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96959 | 56e1040ecd28a01900c67440 | Canon_law | The first Code of Canon Law, 1917, was mostly for the Roman Rite, with limited application to the Eastern Churches. After the Second Vatican Council, (1962 - 1965), another edition was published specifically for the Roman Rite in 1983. Most recently, 1990, the Vatican produced the Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches... | For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983? | For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983? | [
"For whom was a new edition of canon law released in 1983?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Roman Rite"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9417 | 5a6b9bf84eec6b001a80a4a6 | Myocardial_infarction | Acute myocardial infarction refers to two subtypes of acute coronary syndrome, namely non-ST-elevated and ST-elevated MIs, which are most frequently (but not always) a manifestation of coronary artery disease. The most common triggering event is the disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque in an epicardial coronary arte... | How long does an angiography take? | How long does an angiography take? | [
"How long does an angiography take?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77147 | 5a2980b803c0e7001a3e17c9 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | The Fund raises awareness of and supports efforts to meet these needs in developing countries, advocates close attention to population concerns, and helps developing nations formulate policies and strategies in support of sustainable development. Dr. Osotimehin assumed leadership in January 2011. The Fund is also repre... | To what does The Fund advocate that no attention be paid? | To what does The Fund advocate that no attention be paid? | [
"To what does The Fund advocate that no attention be paid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25983 | 5a835042e60761001a2eb568 | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | What color is the planet caesium? | What color is the planet caesium? | [
"What color is the planet caesium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19581 | 5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb4 | Comprehensive_school | Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels. | When was the last comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar? | When was the last comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar? | [
"When was the last comprehensive school opened in Gibraltar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86732 | 5a78ca08b73996001af5b247 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | Architectural design competitions are used by an organisation that plans to build a new building or refurbish an existing building. They can be used for buildings, engineering work, structures, landscape design projects or public realm artworks. A competition typically asks for architects and/or designers to submit a d... | What is unnecessary for the integrity of a design competition? | What is unnecessary for the integrity of a design competition? | [
"What is unnecessary for the integrity of a design competition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65819 | 5719d0c810f8ca1400304e7a | Seattle | Seattle was also the home base of impresario Alexander Pantages who, starting in 1902, opened a number of theaters in the city exhibiting vaudeville acts and silent movies. His activities soon expanded, and the thrifty Greek went on and became one of America's greatest theater and movie tycoons. Between Pantages and hi... | When did Pantages open his movie houses? | When did Pantages open his movie houses? | [
"When did Pantages open his movie houses?"
] | {
"text": [
"1902"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87146 | 5a1f7dfd54a786001a36b2e5 | Videoconferencing | A videoconference system is generally higher cost than a videophone and deploys greater capabilities. A videoconference (also known as a videoteleconference) allows two or more locations to communicate via live, simultaneous two-way video and audio transmissions. This is often accomplished by the use of a multipoint co... | What is a web-based application more expensive than? | What is a web-based application more expensive than? | [
"What is a web-based application more expensive than?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48695 | 5a85ee75b4e223001a8e7301 | War_on_Terror | Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier suppor... | What was Afghanistan attempting with the US's help? | What was Afghanistan attempting with the US's help? | [
"What was Afghanistan attempting with the US's help?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50392 | 572e9eb603f989190075683f | Neptune | For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other can... | What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere? | What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere? | [
"What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere? "
] | {
"text": [
"750 K"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23449 | 5731ce3ee99e3014001e62c1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Subsequent to this decision, the Supreme Court has applied a three-pronged test to determine whether government action comports with the Establishment Clause, known as the "Lemon Test". First, the law or policy must have been adopted with a neutral or non-religious purpose. Second, the principle or primary effect must ... | What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit? | What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit? | [
"What much the primary effect of a law neither advance or inhibit?"
] | {
"text": [
"religion"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40439 | 56e75b5300c9c71400d77006 | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what? | Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what? | [
"Besides calcium, coated paper has a thin layer of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"china clay"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86514 | 570cedbbb3d812140066d330 | Gymnastics | Men's rhythmic gymnastics is related to both Men's artistic gymnastics and wushu martial arts. It emerged in Japan from stick gymnastics. Stick gymnastics has been taught and performed for many years with the aim of improving physical strength and health. Male athletes are judged on some of the same physical abilities ... | What are the main focus? | What are the main focus? | [
"What are the main focus?"
] | {
"text": [
"tumbling, strength, power, and martial arts skills are the main focus"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94974 | 5710dd62a58dae1900cd6aff | Age_of_Enlightenment | Science came to play a leading role in Enlightenment discourse and thought. Many Enlightenment writers and thinkers had backgrounds in the sciences and associated scientific advancement with the overthrow of religion and traditional authority in favour of the development of free speech and thought. Scientific progress ... | Who invented the steam engine? | Who invented the steam engine? | [
"Who invented the steam engine?"
] | {
"text": [
"James Watt"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90450 | 5ad0097677cf76001a6867c0 | Tibet | Muslims have been living in Tibet since as early as the 8th or 9th century. In Tibetan cities, there are small communities of Muslims, known as Kachee (Kache), who trace their origin to immigrants from three main regions: Kashmir (Kachee Yul in ancient Tibetan), Ladakh and the Central Asian Turkic countries. Islamic in... | What group of people has been living in Tibet since 1959? | What group of people has been living in Tibet since 1959? | [
"What group of people has been living in Tibet since 1959?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55295 | 5727dcc53acd2414000dee4a | Baptists | Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom, are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America. In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a ... | When was the first American Baptist church established? | When was the first American Baptist church established? | [
"When was the first American Baptist church established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1639"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88080 | 572859253acd2414000df937 | God | Even non-theist views about gods vary. Some non-theists avoid the concept of God, whilst accepting that it is significant to many; other non-theists understand God as a symbol of human values and aspirations. The nineteenth-century English atheist Charles Bradlaugh declared that he refused to say "There is no God", bec... | What is NOMA? | What is NOMA? | [
"What is NOMA?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-overlapping magisteria"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49109 | 571ae80b9499d21900609ba3 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Perhaps, his most notable letter was his Festal Letter, written to his Church in Alexandria when he was in exile, as he could not be in their presence. This letter shows clearly his stand that accepting Jesus is the Divine Son of God is not optional but necessary; "I know moreover that not only this thing saddens you, ... | Who was the Festal Letter written for? | Who was the Festal Letter written for? | [
"Who was the Festal Letter written for?"
] | {
"text": [
"his Church in Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16598 | 572a43b63f37b31900478847 | Friedrich_Hayek | With the help of Mises, in the late 1920s Hayek founded and served as director of the Austrian Institute for Business Cycle Research, before joining the faculty of the London School of Economics (LSE) in 1931 at the behest of Lionel Robbins. Upon his arrival in London, Hayek was quickly recognised as one of the leading... | What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London? | What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London? | [
"What sort of recognition had Hayek received when he came to London?"
] | {
"text": [
"one of the leading economic theorists in the world"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22604 | 5727bdc42ca10214002d9530 | Exhibition_game | International friendlies give team managers the opportunity to experiment with team selection and tactics before the tournament proper, and also allow them to assess the abilities of players they may potentially select for the tournament squad. Players can be booked in international friendlies, and can be suspended fro... | What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with? | What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with? | [
"What do friendlies allow managers to experiment with?"
] | {
"text": [
"team selection and tactics"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29865 | 570d0ef2fed7b91900d45be6 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generatio... | At what age was Mary consecrated? | At what age was Mary consecrated? | [
"At what age was Mary consecrated?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4529 | 572800cd2ca10214002d9b26 | Pope_John_XXIII | On 12 January 1953, he was appointed Patriarch of Venice and, accordingly, raised to the rank of Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca by Pope Pius XII. Roncalli left France for Venice on 23 February 1953 stopping briefly in Milan and then to Rome. On 15 March 1953, he took possession of his new diocese in Venice. As a sign ... | When was he appointed Patriarch of Venice? | When was he appointed Patriarch of Venice? | [
"When was he appointed Patriarch of Venice?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 January 1953"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20356 | 572964476aef051400154de8 | Glass | Addition of lead(II) oxide lowers melting point, lowers viscosity of the melt, and increases refractive index. Lead oxide also facilitates solubility of other metal oxides and is used in colored glasses. The viscosity decrease of lead glass melt is very significant (roughly 100 times in comparison with soda glasses); t... | Pb2+ causes lead glass to have what? | Pb2+ causes lead glass to have what? | [
"Pb2+ causes lead glass to have what?"
] | {
"text": [
"high electrical resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
616
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55002 | 5a396d042f14dd001ac72328 | Everton_F.C. | On matchdays, in a tradition going back to 1962, players walk out to the theme tune to Z-Cars, named "Johnny Todd", a traditional Liverpool children's song collected in 1890 by Frank Kidson which tells the story of a sailor betrayed by his lover while away at sea, although on two separate occasions in the 1994, they ra... | Who wrote "Get Ready for This"? | Who wrote "Get Ready for This"? | [
"Who wrote \"Get Ready for This\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101184 | 5726d39add62a815002e9194 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | At the same time, British, French, and Soviet negotiators scheduled three-party talks on military matters to occur in Moscow in August 1939, aiming to define what the agreement would specify should be the reaction of the three powers to a German attack. The tripartite military talks, started in mid-August, hit a sticki... | Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack? | Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack? | [
"Why did Poland deny the proposal of the Soviet Union protecting them from a German Attack?"
] | {
"text": [
"once the Red Army entered their territories, it might never leave."
],
"answer_start": [
678
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116127 | 5a68b6dd8476ee001a58a79c | Punjab,_Pakistan | The capital and largest city is Lahore which was the historical capital of the wider Punjab region. Other important cities include Faisalabad, Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Sargodha, Multan, Sialkot, Bahawalpur, Gujrat, Sheikhupura, Jhelum and Sahiwal. Undivided Punjab is home to six rivers, of which five flow through Pakist... | What is Faisalabad the capital of? | What is Faisalabad the capital of? | [
"What is Faisalabad the capital of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74207 | 5acfb16777cf76001a6858ca | Architecture | Architects such as Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson and Marcel Breuer worked to create beauty based on the inherent qualities of building materials and modern construction techniques, trading traditional historic forms for simplified geometric forms, celebrating the new means and methods made possible by the Industria... | What style came before Modernism? | What style came before Modernism? | [
" What style came before Modernism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79627 | 5ad014c577cf76001a686922 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The last ruler to maintain united state was Mstislav the Great. After his death in 1132 the Kievan Rus' fell into recession and a rapid decline, and Mstislav's successor Yaropolk II of Kiev instead of focussing on the external threat of the Cumans was embroiled in conflicts with the growing power of the Novgorod Republ... | When did the Kievan state unit? | When did the Kievan state unit? | [
"When did the Kievan state unit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71090 | 56e790e237bdd419002c414e | University_of_Kansas | In the U.S. News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2016 issue, KU’s School of Engineering was ranked tied for 90th among national universities. | In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016? | In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016? | [
"In what place did the engineering school at KU appear in 2016?"
] | {
"text": [
"90th"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91347 | 5ace56ec32bba1001ae4a314 | Avicenna | Following al-Farabi's lead, Avicenna initiated a full-fledged inquiry into the question of being, in which he distinguished between essence (Mahiat) and existence (Wujud). He argued that the fact of existence can not be inferred from or accounted for by the essence of existing things, and that form and matter by themse... | What to parts of being did Avicenna merge? | What to parts of being did Avicenna merge? | [
"What to parts of being did Avicenna merge?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31937 | 5726a1135951b619008f783c | Myanmar | Konbaung kings extended Restored Toungoo's administrative reforms, and achieved unprecedented levels of internal control and external expansion. For the first time in history, the Burmese language and culture came to predominate the entire Irrawaddy valley. The evolution and growth of Burmese literature and theatre con... | What country was Burma a colony of ? | What country was Burma a colony of ? | [
"What country was Burma a colony of ?"
] | {
"text": [
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85656 | 57111a07b654c5140001fb4f | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Nintendo's near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a degree of influence over the industry. Unlike Atari, which never actively courted third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force Activision to cease production of Atari 2600 games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the i... | Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers? | Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers? | [
"Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sega, Sony, and Microsoft"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15749 | 5726eac8dd62a815002e9524 | Chinese_characters | The use of traditional Chinese characters versus simplified Chinese characters varies greatly, and can depend on both the local customs and the medium. Before the official reform, character simplifications were not officially sanctioned and generally adopted vulgar variants and idiosyncratic substitutions. Orthodox var... | What varies greatly? | What varies greatly? | [
"What varies greatly?"
] | {
"text": [
"The use of traditional Chinese characters versus simplified Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13966 | 5a835a15e60761001a2eb607 | BBC_Television | In March 2003 the BBC announced that from the end of May 2003 (subsequently deferred to 14 July) it intended to transmit all eight of its domestic television channels (including the 15 regional variations of BBC 1) unencrypted from the Astra 2D satellite. This move was estimated to save the BBC £85 million over the nex... | What did BBC announce in May 2003? | What did BBC announce in May 2003? | [
"What did BBC announce in May 2003?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71341 | 5727d0914b864d1900163dc4 | Oklahoma | Oklahoma is located in a humid subtropical region. Oklahoma lies in a transition zone between humid continental climate to the north, semi-arid climate to the west, and humid subtropical climate in the central, south and eastern portions of the state. Most of the state lies in an area known as Tornado Alley characteriz... | Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from? | Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from? | [
"Where does Oklahoma receive hot dry air from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mexico"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59795 | 5acfb94e77cf76001a685a86 | Zhejiang | At the beginning of the Three Kingdoms era (220–280 CE), Zhejiang was home to the warlords Yan Baihu and Wang Lang prior to their defeat by Sun Ce and Sun Quan, who eventually established the Kingdom of Wu. Despite the removal of their court from Kuaiji to Jianye (present-day Nanjing), they continued development of the... | Along with Manchuria, where did trade never go to? | Along with Manchuria, where did trade never go to? | [
"Along with Manchuria, where did trade never go to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24897 | 56cf3862aab44d1400b88e8c | New_York_City | Ecuador, Colombia, Guyana, Peru, and Brazil were the top source countries from South America for legal immigrants to the New York City region in 2013; the Dominican Republic, Jamaica, Haiti, and Trinidad and Tobago in the Caribbean; Egypt, Ghana, and Nigeria from Africa; and El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala in Cent... | In 2013, how many people of Puerto Rican ancestry lived in New York City? | In 2013, how many people of Puerto Rican ancestry lived in New York City? | [
"In 2013, how many people of Puerto Rican ancestry lived in New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78343 | 5727a3d0ff5b5019007d919e | Child_labour | Concerns have often been raised over the buying public's moral complicity in purchasing products assembled or otherwise manufactured in developing countries with child labour. However, others have raised concerns that boycotting products manufactured through child labour may force these children to turn to more dangero... | What do some feel may happen if child labour products were completely rejected by society as a whole? | What do some feel may happen if child labour products were completely rejected by society as a whole? | [
"What do some feel may happen if child labour products were completely rejected by society as a whole?"
] | {
"text": [
"may force these children to turn to more dangerous or strenuous professions, such as prostitution"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87412 | 56d39b8159d6e41400146804 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | In 1992, an Alabama editorial called for the death of Atticus, saying that as liberal as Atticus was, he still worked within a system of institutionalized racism and sexism and should not be revered. The editorial sparked a flurry of responses from attorneys who entered the profession because of him and esteemed him as... | What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008? | What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008? | [
"What did the Alabama State Bar bestow on Lee in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"honorary special membership"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75543 | 5726c4aaf1498d1400e8eab4 | Cubism | In contrast, the Salon Cubists built their reputation primarily by exhibiting regularly at the Salon d'Automne and the Salon des Indépendants, both major non-academic Salons in Paris. They were inevitably more aware of public response and the need to communicate. Already in 1910 a group began to form which included Met... | Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910? | Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910? | [
"Which four people usually met at Fauconnier's studio in 1910?"
] | {
"text": [
"Metzinger, Gleizes, Delaunay and Léger"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35318 | 5ad0cada645df0001a2d0399 | Gothic_architecture | By the 12th century, Romanesque architecture (termed Norman architecture in England because of its association with the Norman invasion), was established throughout Europe and provided the basic architectural forms and units that were to remain in evolution throughout the Medieval period. The important categories of bu... | What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period? | What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period? | [
"What is the only category of building that was demolished during the Romanesque period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.