gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-6317 | 5728066eff5b5019007d9b2e | PlayStation_3 | The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced f... | What color is the logo on the 60 GB PS3? | What color is the logo on the 60 GB PS3? | [
"What color is the logo on the 60 GB PS3?"
] | {
"text": [
"silver"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8984 | 572855143acd2414000df91e | LaserDisc | In the early 1980s, Philips produced a LaserDisc player model adapted for a computer interface, dubbed "professional". In 1985, Jasmine Multimedia created LaserDisc Juke Boxes featuring music videos from Michael Jackson, Duran Duran, and Cyndi Lauper. When connected to a PC this combination could be used to display ima... | In what year were LD jukeboxes created? | In what year were LD jukeboxes created? | [
"In what year were LD jukeboxes created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1985"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85720 | 5ad2b444d7d075001a429fbb | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | A variety of games for the FDS were released by Nintendo (including some like Super Mario Bros. which had already been released on cartridge) and third party companies such as Konami and Taito. A few unlicensed titles were made as well. However, its limitations became quickly apparent as larger ROM chips were introduce... | What broke infrequently and needed replacement in the machine? | What broke infrequently and needed replacement in the machine? | [
" What broke infrequently and needed replacement in the machine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11922 | 5ad12d31645df0001a2d109c | Universal_Studios | On March 15, 1915,:8 Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km²) converted farm just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio management became the third facet of Universal's operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary... | What studio was built on a 230-km² converted farm? | What studio was built on a 230-km² converted farm? | [
"What studio was built on a 230-km² converted farm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114293 | 5726a25cf1498d1400e8e581 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Despite being a persistent critic of some of the government's policies, the paper supported Labour in both subsequent elections the party won. For the 2005 general election, The Sun backed Blair and Labour for a third consecutive election win and vowed to give him "one last chance" to fulfil his promises, despite berat... | What is one of the weaknesses The Sun thought Blair possessed? | What is one of the weaknesses The Sun thought Blair possessed? | [
"What is one of the weaknesses The Sun thought Blair possessed?"
] | {
"text": [
"failure to control immigration"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39180 | 5731e27cb9d445190005e619 | Protestantism | Although the Adventist churches hold much in common, their theologies differ on whether the intermediate state is unconscious sleep or consciousness, whether the ultimate punishment of the wicked is annihilation or eternal torment, the nature of immortality, whether or not the wicked are resurrected after the millenniu... | What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs? | What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs? | [
"What is the name of the Seventh-day Adventist's core beliefs?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 28 Fundamental Beliefs"
],
"answer_start": [
651
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64457 | 573324834776f41900660709 | Portugal | The land within the borders of current Portugal has been continuously settled and fought over since prehistoric times. The Celts and the Romans were followed by the Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples, who were themselves later invaded by the Moors. These Muslim peoples were eventually expelled during the Christi... | Which two groups followed the first inhabitants? | Which two groups followed the first inhabitants? | [
"Which two groups followed the first inhabitants?"
] | {
"text": [
"Visigothic and the Suebi Germanic peoples"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98758 | 5a5a94c19c0277001abe713b | Heresy | In certain historical Christian, Islamic and Jewish cultures, among others, espousing ideas deemed heretical has been and in some cases still is subjected not merely to punishments such as excommunication, but even to the death penalty. | What is the punishment for disagreeing with the church? | What is the punishment for disagreeing with the church? | [
"What is the punishment for disagreeing with the church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50647 | 56e87bde99e8941900975e2e | Bern | Bern has a population of 140,634 people and 34% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the 10 years between 2000 and 2010, the population changed at a rate of 0.6%. Migration accounted for 1.3%, while births and deaths accounted for −2.1%. | What counted for more of the population change? | What counted for more of the population change? | [
"What counted for more of the population change?"
] | {
"text": [
"births and deaths"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70859 | 5731e1c3b9d445190005e609 | Bird | The ability of birds to return to precise locations across vast distances has been known for some time; in an experiment conducted in the 1950s a Manx shearwater released in Boston returned to its colony in Skomer, Wales, within 13 days, a distance of 5,150 km (3,200 mi). Birds navigate during migration using a variety... | What do birds to compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day? | What do birds to compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day? | [
"What do birds to compensate for the changing position of the sun during the day?"
] | {
"text": [
"internal clock"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88371 | 56d8e127dc89441400fdb381 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Chinese officials canceled the torch relay ceremony amidst disruptions, including a Tibetan flag flown from a window in the City Hall by Green Party officials. The third torchbearer in the Paris leg, Jin Jing, who was disabled and carried the torch on a wheelchair, was assaulted several times by unidentified protestors... | Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair? | Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair? | [
"Which torchbearer was in a wheelchair?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jin Jing"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23831 | 57283f724b864d19001647f2 | Federalism | Federations often have special procedures for amendment of the federal constitution. As well as reflecting the federal structure of the state this may guarantee that the self-governing status of the component states cannot be abolished without their consent. An amendment to the constitution of the United States must be... | What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? | What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? | [
"What does federations have for amendments of the constitution? "
] | {
"text": [
"special procedures"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56421 | 5a45ae7c19a820001a1edafe | Nonprofit_organization | Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organizati... | What term does Ashoka: Innovators for the Public support as more broadly used? | What term does Ashoka: Innovators for the Public support as more broadly used? | [
"What term does Ashoka: Innovators for the Public support as more broadly used?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39372 | 57326123b9d445190005eac9 | Protestantism | The ecumenical movement has had an influence on mainline churches, beginning at least in 1910 with the Edinburgh Missionary Conference. Its origins lay in the recognition of the need for cooperation on the mission field in Africa, Asia and Oceania. Since 1948, the World Council of Churches has been influential, but ine... | What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement? | What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement? | [
"What churches have been strongly engaged in the ecumenical movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Orthodox"
],
"answer_start": [
890
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79701 | 57314fb0497a881900248db0 | Kievan_Rus%27 | From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als... | What did the Pecheneg frequesntly do over the span of two centuries? | What did the Pecheneg frequesntly do over the span of two centuries? | [
"What did the Pecheneg frequesntly do over the span of two centuries?"
] | {
"text": [
"sporadic raids into the lands of Rus"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24810 | 56cf2c48aab44d1400b88dc6 | New_York_City | In its 2013 ParkScore ranking, The Trust for Public Land reported that the park system in New York City was the second best park system among the 50 most populous U.S. cities, behind the park system of Minneapolis. ParkScore ranks urban park systems by a formula that analyzes median park size, park acres as percent of ... | What city had the second highest ParkScore rating? | What city had the second highest ParkScore rating? | [
"What city had the second highest ParkScore rating?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York City"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15194 | 572f8dec947a6a140053ca56 | Hyderabad | Heritage buildings constructed during the Qutb Shahi and Nizam eras showcase Indo-Islamic architecture influenced by Medieval, Mughal and European styles. After the 1908 flooding of the Musi River, the city was expanded and civic monuments constructed, particularly during the rule of Mir Osman Ali Khan (the VIIth Nizam... | The Mir Osman Ali Khan had a title, what was it? | The Mir Osman Ali Khan had a title, what was it? | [
"The Mir Osman Ali Khan had a title, what was it?"
] | {
"text": [
"the VIIth Nizam"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10386 | 5acf6dbd77cf76001a684e0c | Comics | Outside of these genealogies, comics theorists and historians have seen precedents for comics in the Lascaux cave paintings in France (some of which appear to be chronological sequences of images), Egyptian hieroglyphs, Trajan's Column in Rome, the 11th-century Norman Bayeux Tapestry, the 1370 bois Protat woodcut, the ... | In France, what did historians find that they consider a irrelevant for comics? | In France, what did historians find that they consider a irrelevant for comics? | [
"In France, what did historians find that they consider a irrelevant for comics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33420 | 56f933959b226e1400dd128f | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 14th Street is a main numbered street in Manhattan. It begins at Avenue C and ends at West Street. Its length is 3.4 km (2.1 mi). It has six subway stations: | What is the length of 14th Street in miles? | What is the length of 14th Street in miles? | [
"What is the length of 14th Street in miles?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.1"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10675 | 56fdc48f19033b140034cd56 | Computer | Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital compute... | During what war were the first digital computers invented? | During what war were the first digital computers invented? | [
"During what war were the first digital computers invented?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War II"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88269 | 56daf993e7c41114004b4bef | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Prompted by the chaotic torch relays in Western Europe and North America, the president of the International Olympic Committee, Jacques Rogge described the situation as a "crisis" for the organization and stated that any athletes displaying Tibetan flags at Olympic venues could be expelled from the games. though he sto... | Who asked that the torch relay be ended? | Who asked that the torch relay be ended? | [
"Who asked that the torch relay be ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"IOC members."
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39043 | 5731b919e17f3d1400422331 | Protestantism | Protestantism spread in Europe during the 16th century. Lutheranism spread from Germany into its surrounding areas,[c] Denmark,[d] Norway,[e] Sweden,[f] Finland,[g] Prussia,[h] Latvia,[i], Estonia,[j] and Iceland,[k] as well as other smaller territories. Reformed churches were founded primarily in Germany and its adjac... | Where did Arminianism take hold? | Where did Arminianism take hold? | [
"Where did Arminianism take hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands and parts of Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24175 | 5ad41060604f3c001a4001ab | Bermuda | The most famous escapee was the Boer prisoner of war Captain Fritz Joubert Duquesne who was serving a life sentence for "conspiracy against the British government and on (the charge of) espionage.". On the night of 25 June 1902, Duquesne slipped out of his tent, worked his way over a barbed-wire fence, swam 1.5 miles (... | Who escaped on 25 June 1942? | Who escaped on 25 June 1942? | [
"Who escaped on 25 June 1942?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22920 | 5735bf8cdc94161900571f96 | Kathmandu | The religious art of Nepal and Kathmandu in particular consists of an iconic symbolism of the Mother Goddesses such as: Bhavani, Durga, Gaja-Lakshmi, Hariti-Sitala, Mahsishamardini, Saptamatrika (seven mother goddesses), and Sri-Lakshmi(wealth-goddess). From the 3rd century BC, apart from the Hindu gods and goddesses, ... | What is Sri-Lakshmi a deity of? | What is Sri-Lakshmi a deity of? | [
"What is Sri-Lakshmi a deity of?"
] | {
"text": [
"wealth"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23057 | 56de2ee04396321400ee2651 | Human_Development_Index | LE: Life expectancy at birth
MYS: Mean years of schooling (Years that a person 25 years-of-age or older has spent in schools)
EYS: Expected years of schooling (Years that a 5-year-old child will spend in schools throughout his life)
GNIpc: Gross national income at purchasing power parity per capita | What does MYS stand for? | What does MYS stand for? | [
"What does MYS stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mean years of schooling"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71568 | 56f8da749b226e1400dd10f3 | Near_East | At the beginning of the 19th century the Ottoman Empire included all of the Balkan Peninsula north to the southern edge of the Hungarian Plain, but by 1914 had lost all of it except Constantinople and Eastern Thrace to the rise of Balkan nationalism, which saw the independence of Greece, Serbia, the Danubian Principali... | Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace? | Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace? | [
"Until what year did the Ottomans retain a band of territory including Albania, Macedonia and Thrace?"
] | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
348
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22 | 56f8a8539b226e1400dd0d71 | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau was once part of the kingdom of Gabu, part of the Mali Empire; parts of this kingdom persisted until the 18th century. Other parts of the territory in the current country were considered by the Portuguese as part of their empire. Portuguese Guinea was known as the Slave Coast, as it was a major area for t... | What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of? | What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of? | [
"What kingdom was Guinea-Bissau once a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gabu"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11233 | 5ad2e812604f3c001a3fd985 | Anthropology | Anthropologists, along with other social scientists, are working with the US military as part of the US Army's strategy in Afghanistan. The Christian Science Monitor reports that "Counterinsurgency efforts focus on better grasping and meeting local needs" in Afghanistan, under the Human Terrain System (HTS) program; in... | Who is working with the UN militalry in Afghanistan?? | Who is working with the UN militalry in Afghanistan?? | [
"Who is working with the UN militalry in Afghanistan??"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64327 | 572827144b864d19001645da | John_von_Neumann | Additionally, "[I]n the general case, von Neumann proved the following basic representation theorem. Any complemented modular lattice L having a "basis" of n≥4 pairwise perspective elements, is isomorphic with the lattice ℛ(R) of all principal right-ideals of a suitable regular ring R. This conclusion is the culminatio... | What type of axioms were used by von Neumann in his lattice work? | What type of axioms were used by von Neumann in his lattice work? | [
"What type of axioms were used by von Neumann in his lattice work?"
] | {
"text": [
"novel axioms"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100434 | 5acd4b5007355d001abf3c39 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | Compass-M1 transmits in 3 bands: E2, E5B, and E6. In each frequency band two coherent sub-signals have been detected with a phase shift of 90 degrees (in quadrature). These signal components are further referred to as "I" and "Q". The "I" components have shorter codes and are likely to be intended for the open service.... | What bands does Compass-M3 transmit in? | What bands does Compass-M3 transmit in? | [
"What bands does Compass-M3 transmit in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68394 | 572819294b864d1900164479 | George_VI | Albert assumed the regnal name "George VI" to emphasise continuity with his father and restore confidence in the monarchy. The beginning of George VI's reign was taken up by questions surrounding his predecessor and brother, whose titles, style and position were uncertain. He had been introduced as "His Royal Highness ... | Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward? | Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward? | [
"Which two residences did Albert buy from Edward?"
] | {
"text": [
"Balmoral Castle and Sandringham House"
],
"answer_start": [
823
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115035 | 5a6b1401a9e0c9001a4e9ec8 | Wayback_Machine | Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought. | Why was California allowed to disable the robots.txt blockage? | Why was California allowed to disable the robots.txt blockage? | [
"Why was California allowed to disable the robots.txt blockage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82832 | 56e070fd231d4119001ac137 | Saint_Helena | The island had a monocrop economy until 1966, based on the cultivation and processing of New Zealand flax for rope and string. St Helena's economy is now weak, and is almost entirely sustained by aid from the British government. The public sector dominates the economy, accounting for about 50% of gross domestic product... | What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have? | What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have? | [
"What kind of crop economy did the Island originally have?"
] | {
"text": [
"monocrop"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103683 | 5a3bf96acc5d22001a521c82 | East_Prussia | Erich Koch headed the East Prussian Nazi party from 1928. He led the district from 1932. This period was characterized by efforts to collectivize the local agriculture and ruthlessness in dealing with his critics inside and outside the Party. He also had long-term plans for mass-scale industrialization of the largely a... | In what year did the East Prussian Nazi party form? | In what year did the East Prussian Nazi party form? | [
"In what year did the East Prussian Nazi party form?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30772 | 57267bf95951b619008f7448 | Mexico_City | Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico C... | What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up? | What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up? | [
"What event caused the citizens to reconsider how the government of Mexico City was set up?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1985 earthquake"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10046 | 57282b433acd2414000df608 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser also attempted to maintain oversight of the country's civil service to prevent it from inflating and consequently becoming a burden to the state. New laws provided workers with a minimum wage, profit shares, free education, free health care, reduced working hours, and encouragement to participate in management. ... | What group was targeted with imprisonment? | What group was targeted with imprisonment? | [
"What group was targeted with imprisonment?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamists"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46044 | 5ad3bcff604f3c001a3fef07 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Nathan Knorr was appointed as third president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1942. Knorr commissioned a new translation of the Bible, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, the full version of which was released in 1961. He organized large international assemblies, instituted new training prog... | In what year did Nathan Knorr start demanding Jehovah's Witnesses start following a strict moral code? | In what year did Nathan Knorr start demanding Jehovah's Witnesses start following a strict moral code? | [
"In what year did Nathan Knorr start demanding Jehovah's Witnesses start following a strict moral code?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73319 | 56d3772859d6e41400146499 | American_Idol | For the finals, American Idol debuted a new state-of-the-art set and stage on March 11, 2008, along with a new on-air look. David Cook's performance of "Billie Jean" on top-ten night was lauded by the judges, but provoked controversy when they apparently mistook the Chris Cornell arrangement to be David Cook's own even... | Who arranged the version of "Billie Jean" that David Cook performed on American Idol? | Who arranged the version of "Billie Jean" that David Cook performed on American Idol? | [
"Who arranged the version of \"Billie Jean\" that David Cook performed on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chris Cornell"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55817 | 5a0cf8bef5590b0018dab6bc | Clothing | According to archaeologists and anthropologists, the earliest clothing likely consisted of fur, leather, leaves, or grass that were draped, wrapped, or tied around the body. Knowledge of such clothing remains inferential, since clothing materials deteriorate quickly compared to stone, bone, shell and metal artifacts. A... | The earliest clothing was pinned to what? | The earliest clothing was pinned to what? | [
"The earliest clothing was pinned to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113212 | 570ded450dc6ce1900204d16 | Adolescence | The end of adolescence and the beginning of adulthood varies by country and by function. Furthermore, even within a single nation state or culture there can be different ages at which an individual is considered (chronologically and legally) mature enough for society to entrust them with certain privileges and responsi... | Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country? | Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country? | [
"Is the end of adolescence and beginning of adulthood easily agreed upon or does it vary by country?"
] | {
"text": [
"varies by country"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88096 | 572c02d82babe914003c297e | God | Another view, advanced by Richard Dawkins, is that the existence of God is an empirical question, on the grounds that "a universe with a god would be a completely different kind of universe from one without, and it would be a scientific difference." Carl Sagan argued that the doctrine of a Creator of the Universe was d... | How could science discover if there was not a creator? | How could science discover if there was not a creator? | [
"How could science discover if there was not a creator?"
] | {
"text": [
"the universe is infinitely old."
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38376 | 5a7d3e5c70df9f001a87503f | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What tool allowed early manufacturers to convert forest into arable land? | What tool allowed early manufacturers to convert forest into arable land? | [
"What tool allowed early manufacturers to convert forest into arable land?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16268 | 572ec488cb0c0d14000f1526 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Increasing state control over the oil sector, the RCC began a program of nationalization, starting with the expropriation of British Petroleum's share of the British Petroleum-N.B. Hunt Sahir Field in December 1971. In September 1973, it was announced that all foreign oil producers active in Libya were to be nationaliz... | How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979? | How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979? | [
"How did Libya's gross domestic product increase from 1969 to 1979?"
] | {
"text": [
"while gross domestic product had been $3.8 billion in 1969, it had risen to $13.7 billion in 1974, and $24.5 billion in 1979."
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90617 | 5731d0ebe99e3014001e62e6 | Pacific_War | The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the USA was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia. In fact, the Imperial GHQ noted, should acceptable negotiations be reached... | If acceptable negotiations btween Japan and the United States were reached, what would be done regarding the attacks? | If acceptable negotiations btween Japan and the United States were reached, what would be done regarding the attacks? | [
"If acceptable negotiations btween Japan and the United States were reached, what would be done regarding the attacks?"
] | {
"text": [
"canceled"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22843 | 5735ad64e853931400426abd | Kathmandu | Tourism is considered another important industry in Nepal. This industry started around 1950, as the country's political makeup changed and ended the country's isolation from the rest of the world. In 1956, air transportation was established and the Tribhuvan Highway, between Kathmandu and Raxaul (at India's border), w... | What city was connected to Kathmandu via the Tribhuvan Highway? | What city was connected to Kathmandu via the Tribhuvan Highway? | [
"What city was connected to Kathmandu via the Tribhuvan Highway?"
] | {
"text": [
"Raxaul"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104674 | 573337db4776f4190066079b | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Testimony given to the Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission by Richard M. Bowen III on events during his tenure as the Business Chief Underwriter for Correspondent Lending in the Consumer Lending Group for Citigroup (where he was responsible for over 220 professional underwriters) suggests that by the final years of the... | In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards? | In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards? | [
"In 2006, how many mortgage companies were contractually responsible to meet Citi's standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,600"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111715 | 5acd7fff07355d001abf448c | Education | Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and easter... | Which group provides opportunities for Northern Europe exchange students? | Which group provides opportunities for Northern Europe exchange students? | [
" Which group provides opportunities for Northern Europe exchange students?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53742 | 56e8311437bdd419002c4496 | Dialect | The Sardinian language is considered to be its own Romance language family, separate not only from standard Italian but also the wider Italo-Dalmatian family, and it includes the Campidanese Sardinian and Logudorese Sardinian variants. However, Gallurese, Sassarese, and Corsican are also spoken in Sardinia, and these l... | Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken? | Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken? | [
"Where is the Catalan Algherese dialect spoken?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sardinian"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21248 | 5a774d432d6d7f001a4a9fbf | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Calvin Veltman undertook, for the National Center for Education Statistics and for the Hispanic Policy Development Project, the most complete study of English language adoption by Hispanophone immigrants. Mr Veltman's language shift studies document high bilingualism rates and subsequent adoption of English as the pref... | How many generations are required for a Native American to assimilate? | How many generations are required for a Native American to assimilate? | [
"How many generations are required for a Native American to assimilate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1812 | 570b431eec8fbc190045b930 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Spanish–American War was a short decisive war marked by quick, overwhelming American victories at sea and on land against Spain. The Navy was well-prepared and won laurels, even as politicians tried (and failed) to have it redeployed to defend East Coast cities against potential threats from the feeble Spanish flee... | What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war? | What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war? | [
"What colonies did Spain hand over to the US after the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines"
],
"answer_start": [
744
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81118 | 572646e3708984140094c139 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that... | Who advised Vicotria to begin appaering in public? | Who advised Vicotria to begin appaering in public? | [
"Who advised Vicotria to begin appaering in public?"
] | {
"text": [
"Her uncle Leopold"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73790 | 56de83e34396321400ee29c6 | Warsaw_Pact | On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance wh... | In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place? | In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place? | [
"In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hungary"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112271 | 572928253f37b31900478099 | Race_(human_categorization) | Over a dozen racial categories would be recognized in conformity with all the possible combinations of hair color, hair texture, eye color, and skin color. These types grade into each other like the colors of the spectrum, and not one category stands significantly isolated from the rest. That is, race referred preferen... | Where is there a lot of complexity in racial classifications? | Where is there a lot of complexity in racial classifications? | [
"Where is there a lot of complexity in racial classifications?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60158 | 5ace156432bba1001ae49a6c | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the University began to move west. The University Board of Directors began a p... | Who was one of the university's Board of Directors members in the 1890s? | Who was one of the university's Board of Directors members in the 1890s? | [
"Who was one of the university's Board of Directors members in the 1890s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6628 | 572833d64b864d190016470e | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation Home is a virtual 3D social networking service for the PlayStation Network. Home allows users to create a custom avatar, which can be groomed realistically. Users can edit and decorate their personal apartments, avatars or club houses with free, premium or won content. Users can shop for new items or win pr... | Home has free, won, and what third type of content? | Home has free, won, and what third type of content? | [
"Home has free, won, and what third type of content?"
] | {
"text": [
"premium"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35466 | 5726bf8f5951b619008f7d1c | Gothic_architecture | Above the main portal there is generally a large window, like that at York Minster, or a group of windows such as those at Ripon Cathedral. In France there is generally a rose window like that at Reims Cathedral. Rose windows are also often found in the façades of churches of Spain and Italy, but are rarer elsewhere an... | What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture? | What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture? | [
"What portion of Gothic buildings are usually richly decorated with arcading or sculpture?"
] | {
"text": [
"The gable"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116178 | 5733fd5d4776f4190066166a | Punjab,_Pakistan | In 1758, the general of the Hindu Maratha Empire, Raghunath Rao conquered Lahore and Attock. Timur Shah Durrani, the son and viceroy of Ahmad Shah Abdali, was driven out of Punjab. Lahore, Multan, Dera Ghazi Khan, Kashmir and other subahs on the south and eastern side of Peshawar were under the Maratha rule for the mos... | Who did Rao conquer in 1758? | Who did Rao conquer in 1758? | [
"Who did Rao conquer in 1758?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lahore and Attock"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30957 | 5726bd78dd62a815002e8ef7 | Mexico_City | The city is also a leading center of popular culture and music. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. These include the 10,000-seat National Auditorium that regularly schedules the Spanish and English-language pop and rock artists, as well as many of the world's leading perfor... | How can you see the Grand Opera of New York in Mexico City? | How can you see the Grand Opera of New York in Mexico City? | [
"How can you see the Grand Opera of New York in Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"giant, high definition screens"
],
"answer_start": [
435
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35528 | 5ad0f932645df0001a2d092a | Gothic_architecture | The Palais des Papes in Avignon is the best complete large royal palace, alongside the Royal palace of Olite, built during the 13th and 14th centuries for the kings of Navarre. The Malbork Castle built for the master of the Teutonic order is an example of Brick Gothic architecture. Partial survivals of former royal res... | What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle a poor example of? | What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle a poor example of? | [
"What type of Gothic architecture is the Malbork Castle a poor example of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40377 | 56e74eaf00c9c71400d76f80 | Paper | There are three main chemical pulping processes: the sulfite process dates back to the 1840s and it was the dominant method extent before the second world war. The kraft process, invented in the 1870s and first used in the 1890s, is now the most commonly practiced strategy, one of its advantages is the chemical reactio... | How many chemical pulping processes are there? | How many chemical pulping processes are there? | [
"How many chemical pulping processes are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39745 | 5727423f708984140094db75 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | For over a century, New Haven citizens had fought in the colonial militia alongside regular British forces, as in the French and Indian War. As the American Revolution approached, General David Wooster and other influential residents hoped that the conflict with the government in Britain could be resolved short of rebe... | Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer? | Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer? | [
"Who was the influential New Haven general that hoped to avoid conflict with the British Parliament as the American Revolution loomed closer?"
] | {
"text": [
"General David Wooster"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105046 | 5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d7 | Palermo | Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler... | What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century? | What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century? | [
"What happened to Palermo's population in the 13th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75443 | 572690fdf1498d1400e8e401 | Cubism | The movement was pioneered by Georges Braque and Pablo Picasso, joined by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Robert Delaunay, Henri Le Fauconnier, Fernand Léger and Juan Gris. A primary influence that led to Cubism was the representation of three-dimensional form in the late works of Paul Cézanne. A retrospective of Cézan... | Which person was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms? | Which person was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms? | [
"Which person was the most influential in beginning the movement with is three dimensional forms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paul Cézanne"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5946 | 5726a296708984140094cc8d | Late_Middle_Ages | Modern historiography on the period has reached a consensus between the two extremes of innovation and crisis. It is now (generally) acknowledged that conditions were vastly different north and south of the Alps, and "Late Middle Ages" is often avoided entirely within Italian historiography. The term "Renaissance" is s... | What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on religion? | What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on religion? | [
"What was the general effect of the Late Middle Ages on religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"the end of western religious unity"
],
"answer_start": [
686
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72700 | 5ad369fb604f3c001a3fe10e | Dell | In the early 1990s, Dell sold its products through Best Buy, Costco and Sam's Club stores in the United States. Dell stopped this practice in 1994, citing low profit-margins on the business, exclusively distributing through a direct-sales model for the next decade. In 2003, Dell briefly sold products in Sears stores in... | what year did Dell start selling products through physical retailers? | what year did Dell start selling products through physical retailers? | [
"what year did Dell start selling products through physical retailers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14011 | 56de86d2cffd8e1900b4b9e2 | BBC_Television | BBC Japan was a general entertainment channel, which operated between December 2004 and April 2006. It ceased operations after its Japanese distributor folded. | What was the genre of BBC Japan? | What was the genre of BBC Japan? | [
"What was the genre of BBC Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"general entertainment"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37157 | 57277f175951b619008f8b5f | Switzerland | The restoration of power to the patriciate was only temporary. After a period of unrest with repeated violent clashes such as the Züriputsch of 1839, civil war (the Sonderbundskrieg) broke out in 1847 when some Catholic cantons tried to set up a separate alliance (the Sonderbund). The war lasted for less than a month, ... | How long did the Swiss civil war in 1839 last? | How long did the Swiss civil war in 1839 last? | [
"How long did the Swiss civil war in 1839 last?"
] | {
"text": [
"less than a month"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22908 | 5735be65e853931400426b17 | Kathmandu | The base of the stupa has 108 small depictions of the Dhyani Buddha Amitabha. It is surrounded with a brick wall with 147 niches, each with four or five prayer wheels engraved with the mantra, om mani padme hum. At the northern entrance where visitors must pass is a shrine dedicated to Ajima, the goddess of smallpox. E... | What are gompas? | What are gompas? | [
"What are gompas?"
] | {
"text": [
"monasteries"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67602 | 5a81b4a831013a001a334d96 | Norfolk_Island | Norfolk Island is located in the South Pacific Ocean, east of the Australian mainland. Norfolk Island is the main island of the island group the territory encompasses and is located at 29°02′S 167°57′E / 29.033°S 167.950°E / -29.033; 167.950. It has an area of 34.6 square kilometres (13.4 sq mi), with no large-scale... | What direction is Norfolk Island no longer in relation to Australia? | What direction is Norfolk Island no longer in relation to Australia? | [
"What direction is Norfolk Island no longer in relation to Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32164 | 5728fed41d04691400778f3e | Myanmar | Mon, who form 2% of the population, are ethno-linguistically related to the Khmer. Overseas Indians are 2%. The remainder are Kachin, Chin, Rohingya, Anglo-Indians, Gurkha, Nepali and other ethnic minorities. Included in this group are the Anglo-Burmese. Once forming a large and influential community, the Anglo-Burmese... | Which community previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population? | Which community previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population? | [
"Which community previously held a persuasive authority on the Burmese population?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anglo-Burmese"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62685 | 5accfe0d07355d001abf3138 | Pain | Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the "funny bone". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely us... | What is the National Association for the Study of Pain's definition for pain? | What is the National Association for the Study of Pain's definition for pain? | [
"What is the National Association for the Study of Pain's definition for pain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77447 | 5a53e745bdaabd001a3867d0 | Armenians | From the 9th to 11th century, Armenian architecture underwent a revival under the patronage of the Bagratid Dynasty with a great deal of building done in the area of Lake Van, this included both traditional styles and new innovations. Ornately carved Armenian Khachkars were developed during this time. Many new cities a... | Who was Khachkar invaded by in the 11th century? | Who was Khachkar invaded by in the 11th century? | [
"Who was Khachkar invaded by in the 11th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2227 | 56d1c9c7e7d4791d00902199 | Buddhism | Within Buddhism, samsara is defined as the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death that arises from ordinary beings' grasping and fixating on a self and experiences. Specifically, samsara refers to the process of cycling through one rebirth after another within the six realms of existence,[note 2] where each real... | What is samsara defined as? | What is samsara defined as? | [
"What is samsara defined as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the continual repetitive cycle of birth and death"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63823 | 5727f1f23acd2414000df078 | USB | USB is a serial bus, using four shielded wires for the USB 2.0 variant: two for power (VBUS and GND), and two for differential data signals (labelled as D+ and D− in pinouts). Non-Return-to-Zero Inverted (NRZI) encoding scheme is used for transferring data, with a sync field to synchronize the host and receiver clocks.... | What kind of wires does the USB 2.0 variant use? | What kind of wires does the USB 2.0 variant use? | [
"What kind of wires does the USB 2.0 variant use?"
] | {
"text": [
"four shielded wires"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44513 | 57071ad490286e26004fc90f | Chihuahua_(state) | The state of Chihuahua is the largest state in the country and is known as El Estado Grande (The Big State); it accounts for 12.6% of the land of Mexico. The area is landlocked by the states of Sonora to the west, Sinaloa to the south-west, Durango to the south, and Coahuila to the east, and by the U.S. states of Texas... | Which state is the largest in the country by land? | Which state is the largest in the country by land? | [
"Which state is the largest in the country by land?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chihuahua"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37580 | 572825c6ff5b5019007d9e04 | London | The Monument in the City of London provides views of the surrounding area while commemorating the Great Fire of London, which originated nearby. Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. ... | Where are Marble Arch and Wellington Arch located? | Where are Marble Arch and Wellington Arch located? | [
"Where are Marble Arch and Wellington Arch located?"
] | {
"text": [
"at the north and south ends of Park Lane"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32117 | 5728e91a4b864d1900165077 | Myanmar | Under British administration, Myanmar was the second-wealthiest country in South-East Asia. It had been the world's largest exporter of rice. Myanmar also had a wealth of natural and labour resources. British Burma began exporting crude oil in 1853, making it one of the earliest petroleum producers in the world. It pro... | What wood product was produced primarily in Myanmar during British rule ? | What wood product was produced primarily in Myanmar during British rule ? | [
"What wood product was produced primarily in Myanmar during British rule ?"
] | {
"text": [
"75% of the world's teak"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64079 | 5ace874132bba1001ae4a980 | Annelid | Feeding structures in the mouth region vary widely, and have little correlation with the animals' diets. Many polychaetes have a muscular pharynx that can be everted (turned inside out to extend it). In these animals the foremost few segments often lack septa so that, when the muscles in these segments contract, the sh... | What types of annelids are missing jaws? | What types of annelids are missing jaws? | [
"What types of annelids are missing jaws?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19848 | 5731812105b4da19006bd1f5 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis; the descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" are falling into disuse, and other than in neighboring Alaska. "Eskimo" is considered derogatory in many other places because it was given by non-Inuit people and was said to mean "eater of raw meat." Hundred... | What resulted from First Nation and Inuit people marrying European settlers? | What resulted from First Nation and Inuit people marrying European settlers? | [
"What resulted from First Nation and Inuit people marrying European settlers?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Métis culture"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77675 | 57267b4add62a815002e86a0 | British_Empire | The path to independence for the white colonies of the British Empire began with the 1839 Durham Report, which proposed unification and self-government for Upper and Lower Canada, as a solution to political unrest there. This began with the passing of the Act of Union in 1840, which created the Province of Canada. Resp... | When did New Zealand achieve self-government? | When did New Zealand achieve self-government? | [
"When did New Zealand achieve self-government?"
] | {
"text": [
"after 1900"
],
"answer_start": [
789
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20022 | 573394c84776f41900660dde | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 t... | The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy? | The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy? | [
"The amount of professors at Notre Dame increased by what amount under Malloy?"
] | {
"text": [
"500"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55515 | 572670e8dd62a815002e84f5 | Presbyterianism | Over subsequent centuries, many Presbyterian churches modified these prescriptions by introducing hymnody, instrumental accompaniment, and ceremonial vestments into worship. However, there is not one fixed "Presbyterian" worship style. Although there are set services for the "Lord's Day", one can find a service to be e... | What is favored by most American Presbyterian churches that is semi-formal service for the "lords Day"? | What is favored by most American Presbyterian churches that is semi-formal service for the "lords Day"? | [
"What is favored by most American Presbyterian churches that is semi-formal service for the \"lords Day\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"hymns, preaching, and congregational participation"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36594 | 5a275c96d1a287001a6d0a29 | Immaculate_Conception | The report "Mary: Faith and Hope in Christ", by the Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission, concluded that the teaching about Mary in the two definitions of the Assumption and the Immaculate Conception can be said to be consonant with the teaching of the Scriptures and the ancient common traditions. But the r... | According to the Anglicans what are the teachings on The Assumption and Immaculate conception not cosistant with? | According to the Anglicans what are the teachings on The Assumption and Immaculate conception not cosistant with? | [
"According to the Anglicans what are the teachings on The Assumption and Immaculate conception not cosistant with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98521 | 572663b25951b619008f713e | Marvel_Comics | Timely's first publication, Marvel Comics #1 (cover dated Oct. 1939), included the first appearance of Carl Burgos' android superhero the Human Torch, and the first appearances of Bill Everett's anti-hero Namor the Sub-Mariner, among other features. The issue was a great success, with it and a second printing the follo... | Who was Marvel/Timely's first true full-time editor? | Who was Marvel/Timely's first true full-time editor? | [
"Who was Marvel/Timely's first true full-time editor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joe Simon"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12375 | 5733b6a2d058e614000b6125 | Antibiotics | With advances in medicinal chemistry, most modern antibacterials are semisynthetic modifications of various natural compounds. These include, for example, the beta-lactam antibiotics, which include the penicillins (produced by fungi in the genus Penicillium), the cephalosporins, and the carbapenems. Compounds that are ... | How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created? | How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created? | [
"How are the slufonamides,quinolones, and oxazolidinones created?"
] | {
"text": [
"synthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65455 | 5727b338ff5b5019007d92f2 | Detroit | Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million... | How many people inhabit metro Detroit? | How many people inhabit metro Detroit? | [
"How many people inhabit metro Detroit?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77629 | 572675045951b619008f7324 | British_Empire | With support from the British abolitionist movement, Parliament enacted the Slave Trade Act in 1807, which abolished the slave trade in the empire. In 1808, Sierra Leone was designated an official British colony for freed slaves. The Slavery Abolition Act passed in 1833 abolished slavery in the British Empire on 1 Augu... | What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire? | What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire? | [
"What abolished slavery throughout the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Slavery Abolition Act"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12996 | 5ad009bc77cf76001a6867c9 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution,... | What did international observers see no problem with? | What did international observers see no problem with? | [
"What did international observers see no problem with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46658 | 5726751a5951b619008f732e | Department_store | The site where the Saint Petersburg Passage sprawls had been devoted to trade since the city's foundation in the early 18th century. It had been occupied by various shops and warehouses (Maly Gostiny Dvor, Schukin Dvor, Apraksin Dvor) until 1846, when Count Essen-Stenbock-Fermor acquired the grounds to build an elite s... | What historical site still operates within the mall? | What historical site still operates within the mall? | [
"What historical site still operates within the mall? "
] | {
"text": [
"Komissarzhevskaya Theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
1003
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67073 | 5726ce98f1498d1400e8ebd2 | Nutrition | It is possible with protein combinations of two incomplete protein sources (e.g., rice and beans) to make a complete protein source, and characteristic combinations are the basis of distinct cultural cooking traditions. However, complementary sources of protein do not need to be eaten at the same meal to be used togeth... | What happens to amino acids that are left over after the body has converted what it can to glucose? | What happens to amino acids that are left over after the body has converted what it can to glucose? | [
"What happens to amino acids that are left over after the body has converted what it can to glucose?"
] | {
"text": [
"discarded"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17771 | 56cf55adaab44d1400b8902a | Spectre_(2015_film) | In September 2015 it was announced that Sam Smith and regular collaborator Jimmy Napes had written the film's title theme, "Writing's on the Wall", with Smith performing it for the film. Smith said the song came together in one session and that he and Napes wrote it in under half an hour before recording a demo. Satisf... | Who is the vocalist on Writing's on the Wall? | Who is the vocalist on Writing's on the Wall? | [
"Who is the vocalist on Writing's on the Wall?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sam Smith"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63512 | 5725e980ec44d21400f3d747 | Buckingham_Palace | When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are ... | What is the style of the saucer domes in the Belgian Suite? | What is the style of the saucer domes in the Belgian Suite? | [
"What is the style of the saucer domes in the Belgian Suite?"
] | {
"text": [
"the style of Soane"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66454 | 57288f642ca10214002da471 | Brigham_Young_University | Over three quarters of the student body has some proficiency in a second language (numbering 107 languages in total). This is partially due to the fact that 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church, and many of them learned a foreign language as part of their mission assignment. During... | What designation does BYU's Russian language program hold? | What designation does BYU's Russian language program hold? | [
"What designation does BYU's Russian language program hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"largest of their kind in the nation"
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67446 | 5a104760decec900184755f7 | Hanover | After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han... | What convention did Napoleon suggest? | What convention did Napoleon suggest? | [
"What convention did Napoleon suggest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110374 | 57262e6bec44d21400f3dbc9 | Professional_wrestling | Originating as a popular form of entertainment in 19th-century Europe and later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls, professional wrestling grew into a standalone genre of entertainment with many diverse variations in cultures around the globe, and is now considered a mul... | Where was wrestling later showcased in North America? | Where was wrestling later showcased in North America? | [
"Where was wrestling later showcased in North America?"
] | {
"text": [
"later as a sideshow exhibition in North American traveling carnivals and vaudeville halls"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113487 | 572ecd51c246551400ce46b1 | Vacuum | QED vacuum has interesting and complex properties. In QED vacuum, the electric and magnetic fields have zero average values, but their variances are not zero. As a result, QED vacuum contains vacuum fluctuations (virtual particles that hop into and out of existence), and a finite energy called vacuum energy. Vacuum flu... | Finite energy in a QED is called what? | Finite energy in a QED is called what? | [
"Finite energy in a QED is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"vacuum energy"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50814 | 572ea33603f9891900756881 | Seven_Years%27_War | Years later, Kaunitz kept trying to establish France's alliance with Austria. He tried as hard as he could for Austria to not get entangled in Hanover's political affairs, and was even willing to trade Austrian Netherlands for France's aid in recapturing Silesia. Frustrated by this decision and by the Dutch Republic's ... | What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster? | What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster? | [
"What countries teamed together at the Convention of Westminster?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain and Prussia"
],
"answer_start": [
972
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45681 | 573199d9e99e3014001e6180 | YouTube | On March 31, 2010, the YouTube website launched a new design, with the aim of simplifying the interface and increasing the time users spend on the site. Google product manager Shiva Rajaraman commented: "We really felt like we needed to step back and remove the clutter." In May 2010, it was reported that YouTube was se... | How many videos was youtube serving per day as of May 2010? | How many videos was youtube serving per day as of May 2010? | [
"How many videos was youtube serving per day as of May 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than two billion"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4106 | 56bec7b63aeaaa14008c9422 | Beyoncé | In 2006, the animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), criticized Beyoncé for wearing and using fur in her clothing line House of Deréon. In 2011, she appeared on the cover of French fashion magazine L'Officiel, in blackface and tribal makeup that drew criticism from the media. A st... | Beyonce has a clothing line known as what? | Beyonce has a clothing line known as what? | [
"Beyonce has a clothing line known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"House of Deréon"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97235 | 56d315d159d6e41400146225 | Frédéric_Chopin | Back in Warsaw that year, Chopin heard Niccolò Paganini play the violin, and composed a set of variations, Souvenir de Paganini. It may have been this experience which encouraged him to commence writing his first Études, (1829–32), exploring the capacities of his own instrument. On 11 August, three weeks after completi... | How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut? | How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut? | [
"How many weeks after completing school was it before Chopin made his public debut?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
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