gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-31036 | 572743e2f1498d1400e8f56c | Mexico_City | The city is colloquially known as Chilangolandia after the locals' nickname chilangos. Chilango is used pejoratively by people living outside Mexico City to "connote a loud, arrogant, ill-mannered, loutish person". For their part those living in Mexico City designate insultingly those who live elsewhere as living in la... | How do Mexicans take being called "chilangos?" | How do Mexicans take being called "chilangos?" | [
"How do Mexicans take being called \"chilangos?\""
] | {
"text": [
"proudly"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72957 | 570fead580d9841400ab3723 | Dell | Dell was the first company to publicly state a timeline for the elimination of toxic polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs), which it planned to phase out by the end of 2009. It revised this commitment and now aims to remove these toxics by the end of 2011 but only in its computing products. In... | What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals? | What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals? | [
"What activists protested at Dell's offices in response to the usage of toxic chemicals?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greenpeace"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11646 | 56fa09148f12f319006300a9 | Somalis | On 15 October 1969, while paying a visit to the northern town of Las Anod, Somalia's then President Abdirashid Ali Shermarke was shot dead by one of his own bodyguards. His assassination was quickly followed by a military coup d'état on 21 October 1969 (the day after his funeral), in which the Somali Army seized power ... | On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated? | On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated? | [
"On what date was Abdirashid Ali Shermarke assassinated?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 October 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2153 | 56d0e42e17492d1400aab68c | Buddhism | This narrative draws on the Nidānakathā of the Jataka tales of the Theravada, which is ascribed to Buddhaghoṣa in the 5th century CE. Earlier biographies such as the Buddhacarita, the Lokottaravādin Mahāvastu, and the Sarvāstivādin Lalitavistara Sūtra, give different accounts. Scholars are hesitant to make unqualified ... | Who founded a monastic order in his life? | Who founded a monastic order in his life? | [
"Who founded a monastic order in his life?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddha"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46592 | 57266bdd5951b619008f7231 | Department_store | Parkson enters by acquiring local brand Centro Department Store in 2011. Centro still operates for middle market while the 'Parkson' brand itself, positioned for middle-up segment, enters in 2014 by opening its first store in Medan, followed by its second store in Jakarta. Lotte, meanwhile, enters the market by inking ... | What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase? | What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase? | [
"What was Makro re-labeled as after it's purchase? "
] | {
"text": [
"Lotte Mart"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41614 | 56d677f31c85041400947144 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | An article in Science suggested that the construction and filling of the Zipingpu Dam may have triggered the earthquake. The chief engineer of the Sichuan Geology and Mineral Bureau said that the sudden shift of a huge quantity of water into the region could have relaxed the tension between the two sides of the fault, ... | What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area? | What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area? | [
"What was the affect of the dam on the stresses in that area?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 times more"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4728 | 5729658d1d0469140077939f | Green | "Green" in modern European languages corresponds to about 520–570 nm, but many historical and non-European languages make other choices, e.g. using a term for the range of ca. 450–530 nm ("blue/green") and another for ca. 530–590 nm ("green/yellow").[citation needed] In the comparative study of color terms in the world... | In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"? | In which language does the word for "green" also mean "rank" and "smelly"? | [
"In which language does the word for \"green\" also mean \"rank\" and \"smelly\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thai"
],
"answer_start": [
879
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61287 | 572efc3503f9891900756b17 | Flowering_plant | The evolution of seed plants and later angiosperms appears to be the result of two distinct rounds of whole genome duplication events. These occurred at 319 million years ago and 192 million years ago. Another possible whole genome duplication event at 160 million years ago perhaps created the ancestral line that led t... | Who coined the term "abominable mystery"? | Who coined the term "abominable mystery"? | [
"Who coined the term \"abominable mystery\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Darwin"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62851 | 572f8b45b2c2fd14005681d7 | Pain | In his book, The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution, biologist Richard Dawkins grapples with the question of why pain has to be so very painful. He describes the alternative as a simple, mental raising of a "red flag". To argue why that red flag might be insufficient, Dawkins explains that drives must c... | What would be the most fit creature? | What would be the most fit creature? | [
"What would be the most fit creature?"
] | {
"text": [
"one whose pains are well balanced"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48712 | 5a85ffedb4e223001a8e7359 | War_on_Terror | In addition to military efforts abroad, in the aftermath of 9/11 the Bush Administration increased domestic efforts to prevent future attacks. Various government bureaucracies that handled security and military functions were reorganized. A new cabinet-level agency called the United States Department of Homeland Securi... | When were the armed forces consolidated? | When were the armed forces consolidated? | [
"When were the armed forces consolidated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102997 | 5acd29f507355d001abf3775 | Unicode | Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Las... | What software by SIL cannot process unicode characters? | What software by SIL cannot process unicode characters? | [
"What software by SIL cannot process unicode characters?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87550 | 5729b9ce3f37b3190047854d | IBM | On June 16, 1911, their four companies were consolidated in New York State by Charles Ranlett Flint to form the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR). CTR's business office was in Endicott. The individual companies owned by CTR continued to operate using their established names until the businesses were integrat... | In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees? | In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees? | [
"In 1933 the four companies owned by CTR had how many employees?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,300 employees"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52370 | 5ad39928604f3c001a3fe81d | Miami | Miami is the southern terminus of Amtrak's Atlantic Coast services, running two lines, the Silver Meteor and the Silver Star, both terminating in New York City. The Miami Amtrak Station is located in the suburb of Hialeah near the Tri-Rail/Metrorail Station on NW 79 St and NW 38 Ave. Current construction of the Miami C... | In what country is the Miami Amtrak Station? | In what country is the Miami Amtrak Station? | [
"In what country is the Miami Amtrak Station?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85626 | 5711181cb654c5140001fb3b | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back. After test-marketing in the New York City area in late fall, retailers had reportedly stated the system "failed miserably".[contradictory] While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test ... | When was the system originally supposed to be released? | When was the system originally supposed to be released? | [
"When was the system originally supposed to be released?"
] | {
"text": [
"spring of 1985"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15970 | 57342b4c4776f419006619e8 | Infection | Techniques like hand washing, wearing gowns, and wearing face masks can help prevent infections from being passed from one person to another. Frequent hand washing remains the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms. There are other forms of prevention such as avoiding the use of illicit drugs, ... | What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms? | What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms? | [
"What is the most important defense against the spread of unwanted organisms?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frequent hand washing"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37806 | 572fbf77b2c2fd14005683dd | Roman_Republic | Roman government was headed by two consuls, elected annually by the citizens and advised by a senate composed of appointed magistrates. As Roman society was very hierarchical by modern standards, the evolution of the Roman government was heavily influenced by the struggle between the patricians, Rome's land-holding ari... | What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into? | What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into? | [
"What were Rome's legislative structures eventually turned into?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Justinian Code"
],
"answer_start": [
877
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87893 | 5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fd | Tristan_da_Cunha | The archipelago has a wet oceanic climate with pleasant temperatures but consistent moderate to heavy rainfall and very limited sunshine, due to the persistent westerly winds. The number of rainy days is comparable to the Aleutian Islands at a much higher latitude in the northern hemisphere, while sunshine hours are co... | Which place on the island is said to be the coolest and wettest? | Which place on the island is said to be the coolest and wettest? | [
"Which place on the island is said to be the coolest and wettest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66691 | 572786a8708984140094dff5 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In the fall of 1985, Gorbachev continued to bring younger and more energetic men into government. On September 27, Nikolai Ryzhkov replaced 79-year-old Nikolai Tikhonov as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, effectively the Soviet prime minister, and on October 14, Nikolai Talyzin replaced Nikolai Baibakov as chairma... | Who became Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1985? | Who became Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1985? | [
"Who became Chairman of the Council of Ministers in 1985?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nikolai Ryzhkov"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94649 | 5726ce80708984140094d1ec | Queen_(band) | In May 2011, Jane's Addiction vocalist Perry Farrell noted that Queen are currently scouting their once former and current live bassist Chris Chaney to join the band. Farrell stated: "I have to keep Chris away from Queen, who want him and they're not gonna get him unless we're not doing anything. Then they can have him... | What band was worried Queen would steal their live performance bassist? | What band was worried Queen would steal their live performance bassist? | [
"What band was worried Queen would steal their live performance bassist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jane's Addiction"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58579 | 570e66e60dc6ce190020501d | Sanskrit | The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca. fifth century BCE). About a century after Pāṇini (around 400 BCE), Kātyāyana composed Vārtikas on the Pāṇini sũtras. Patanjali, who lived ... | What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition? | What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition? | [
"What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vyākaraṇa"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79968 | 5706587852bb8914006899ec | MP3 | Technicolor (formerly called Thomson Consumer Electronics) claims to control MP3 licensing of the Layer 3 patents in many countries, including the United States, Japan, Canada and EU countries. Technicolor has been actively enforcing these patents. | What are Technicolor constantly in the process of doing? | What are Technicolor constantly in the process of doing? | [
"What are Technicolor constantly in the process of doing?"
] | {
"text": [
"actively enforcing these patents"
],
"answer_start": [
215
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54913 | 5ad5493b5b96ef001a10ac41 | Macintosh | Microsoft Windows 3.0 was released in May 1990, and according to a common saying at the time "Windows was not as good as Macintosh, but it was good enough for the average user". Though still a graphical wrapper that relied upon MS-DOS, 3.0 was the first iteration of Windows which had a feature set and performance compa... | Who made the decision in 1998 to cut prices on Mac computers? | Who made the decision in 1998 to cut prices on Mac computers? | [
"Who made the decision in 1998 to cut prices on Mac computers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62938 | 572fa8c9947a6a140053cb15 | Pain | Pain is the most common reason for people to use complementary and alternative medicine. An analysis of the 13 highest quality studies of pain treatment with acupuncture, published in January 2009, concluded there is little difference in the effect of real, sham and no acupuncture. However other reviews have found bene... | What medicine is there tentative evidence for the efficacy of? | What medicine is there tentative evidence for the efficacy of? | [
"What medicine is there tentative evidence for the efficacy of?"
] | {
"text": [
"herbal"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82167 | 5a70e3598abb0b001a6761fa | Pesticide | Many pesticides can be grouped into chemical families. Prominent insecticide families include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates. Organochlorine hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) could be separated into dichlorodiphenylethanes, cyclodiene compounds, and other related compounds. They operate by disrupting the sodi... | What does glyphosate tend to selectively kill besides grasses? | What does glyphosate tend to selectively kill besides grasses? | [
"What does glyphosate tend to selectively kill besides grasses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86006 | 573420364776f419006618de | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in t... | What is Tucson's metro area population in 2010? | What is Tucson's metro area population in 2010? | [
"What is Tucson's metro area population in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"980,263"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68347 | 5728155d3acd2414000df413 | George_VI | In a time when royals were expected to marry fellow royals, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Sheila, Lady Loughborough, came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, ... | How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal? | How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal? | [
"How many times did Elizabeth reject Albert's proposal?"
] | {
"text": [
"twice"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113390 | 5a877c5f1d3cee001a6a11f4 | Vacuum | In 1654, Otto von Guericke invented the first vacuum pump and conducted his famous Magdeburg hemispheres experiment, showing that teams of horses could not separate two hemispheres from which the air had been partially evacuated. Robert Boyle improved Guericke's design and with the help of Robert Hooke further develope... | What type of vacuum did Robert Boyle achieve in 1855? | What type of vacuum did Robert Boyle achieve in 1855? | [
"What type of vacuum did Robert Boyle achieve in 1855?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104435 | 5728b4224b864d1900164c68 | Mandolin | The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly... | What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American public not to know? | What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American public not to know? | [
"What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American public not to know? "
] | {
"text": [
"the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins"
],
"answer_start": [
851
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37281 | 5727a05d2ca10214002d924e | Switzerland | Switzerland has an overwhelmingly private sector economy and low tax rates by Western World standards; overall taxation is one of the smallest of developed countries. Switzerland is a relatively easy place to do business, currently ranking 20th of 189 countries in the Ease of Doing Business Index. The slow growth Switz... | How do Switzerland's tax rates compare by Western World standards? | How do Switzerland's tax rates compare by Western World standards? | [
"How do Switzerland's tax rates compare by Western World standards?"
] | {
"text": [
"low"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69344 | 5ad423f3604f3c001a400872 | Houston | Houston is the seat of the internationally renowned Texas Medical Center, which contains the world's largest concentration of research and healthcare institutions. All 49 member institutions of the Texas Medical Center are non-profit organizations. They provide patient and preventive care, research, education, and loca... | How many for-profit organizations are members of the Medical Center? | How many for-profit organizations are members of the Medical Center? | [
" How many for-profit organizations are members of the Medical Center?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15460 | 5706c0ba2eaba6190074ace8 | Black_people | Afro-Spaniards are Spanish nationals of West/Central African descent. They today mainly come from Angola, Brazil, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Nigeria and Senegal. Additionally, many Afro-Spaniards born in Spain are from the former Spanish colony Equatorial Guinea. Today,... | Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside? | Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside? | [
"Which Spanish colony do Afro-Spaniards reside?"
] | {
"text": [
"Equatorial Guinea"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101029 | 5727b4653acd2414000dea33 | Hindu_philosophy | According to this school of Vedanta, all reality is Brahman, and there exists nothing whatsoever which is not Brahman. Its metaphysics includes the concept of māyā and ātman. Māyā connotes "that which exists, but is constantly changing and thus is spiritually unreal". The empirical reality is considered as always chang... | According to a school of Vedanta, what is all reality? | According to a school of Vedanta, what is all reality? | [
"According to a school of Vedanta, what is all reality?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brahman"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31205 | 5709847a200fba1400368114 | Identity_(social_science) | As a non-directive and flexible analytical tool, the concept of boundaries helps both to map and to define the changeability and mutability that are characteristic of people's experiences of the self in society. While identity is a volatile, flexible and abstract 'thing', its manifestations and the ways in which it is ... | What do markers help create? | What do markers help create? | [
"What do markers help create?"
] | {
"text": [
"boundaries"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98725 | 5a5fe372eae51e001ab14ce6 | Marvel_Comics | In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" i... | When was the Once Upon a Time novel released? | When was the Once Upon a Time novel released? | [
"When was the Once Upon a Time novel released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45014 | 5ace304032bba1001ae49d40 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 1966, CBS reorganized its corporate structure with Leiberson promoted to head the new "CBS-Columbia Group" which made the now renamed CBS Records company a separate unit of this new group run by Clive Davis. | Leiberson was promoted to secretary for what group? | Leiberson was promoted to secretary for what group? | [
"Leiberson was promoted to secretary for what group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30372 | 5726ba1add62a815002e8e5a | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's b... | Where does North Carolina State University men's wrestling compete? | Where does North Carolina State University men's wrestling compete? | [
"Where does North Carolina State University men's wrestling compete?"
] | {
"text": [
"Reynolds Coliseum"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21706 | 5a65407fc2b11c001a425cef | Sumer | The Sumerians developed a complex system of metrology c. 4000 BC. This advanced metrology resulted in the creation of arithmetic, geometry, and algebra. From c. 2600 BC onwards, the Sumerians wrote multiplication tables on clay tablets and dealt with geometrical exercises and division problems. The earliest traces of t... | Who developed a complex system of metrology in the 4th century BC? | Who developed a complex system of metrology in the 4th century BC? | [
"Who developed a complex system of metrology in the 4th century BC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41885 | 5a42a72b4a4859001aac7279 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The rivalry between Nintendo and Sega resulted in what has been described as one of the most notable console wars in video game history, in which Sega positioned the Genesis as the "cool" console, with more mature titles aimed at older gamers, and edgy advertisements that occasionally attacked the competition. Nintendo... | What did Donkey Kong Country do for video game history? | What did Donkey Kong Country do for video game history? | [
"What did Donkey Kong Country do for video game history?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-154 | 56f8e05b9e9bad19000a0653 | Guinea-Bissau | Beginning around 2005, drug traffickers based in Latin America began to use Guinea-Bissau, along with several neighboring West African nations, as a transshipment point to Europe for cocaine. The nation was described by a United Nations official as being at risk for becoming a "narco-state". The government and the mili... | Where did the drug traffickers come from? | Where did the drug traffickers come from? | [
"Where did the drug traffickers come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latin America"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80514 | 57267a4e5951b619008f73f8 | Data_compression | Lossy data compression is the converse of lossless data compression. In these schemes, some loss of information is acceptable. Dropping nonessential detail from the data source can save storage space. Lossy data compression schemes are designed by research on how people perceive the data in question. For example, the h... | What can save storage space? | What can save storage space? | [
"What can save storage space?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dropping nonessential detail from the data source"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57031 | 5728b4f54b864d1900164c83 | Apollo | The etymology of the name is uncertain. The spelling Ἀπόλλων (pronounced [a.pól.lɔːn] in Classical Attic) had almost superseded all other forms by the beginning of the common era, but the Doric form Apellon (Ἀπέλλων), is more archaic, derived from an earlier *Ἀπέλjων. It probably is a cognate to the Doric month Apellai... | Apellon is derived from what Doric month? | Apellon is derived from what Doric month? | [
"Apellon is derived from what Doric month?"
] | {
"text": [
"Apellaios"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47448 | 572f91a0947a6a140053ca76 | Armenia | While Western Armenia still remained under Ottoman rule, the Armenians were granted considerable autonomy within their own enclaves and lived in relative harmony with other groups in the empire (including the ruling Turks). However, as Christians under a strict Muslim social system, Armenians faced pervasive discrimina... | What type of social system was in place under the Ottoman Empire? | What type of social system was in place under the Ottoman Empire? | [
"What type of social system was in place under the Ottoman Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83126 | 56ded12cc65bf219000b3d45 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | He also invested in a shopping mall in Columbus, Ohio. He has talked about some of those who have helped him over the years in business: "I couldn't have learned about business without a parade of teachers guiding me... from Milton Friedman to Donald Trump... and now, Les Wexner and Warren Buffett. I even learned a thi... | What investment firm does Schwarzenegger maintain partial ownership of? | What investment firm does Schwarzenegger maintain partial ownership of? | [
"What investment firm does Schwarzenegger maintain partial ownership of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dimensional Fund Advisors"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62608 | 572940641d046914007791f9 | Software_testing | Regression testing focuses on finding defects after a major code change has occurred. Specifically, it seeks to uncover software regressions, as degraded or lost features, including old bugs that have come back. Such regressions occur whenever software functionality that was previously working correctly, stops working ... | Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called? | Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called? | [
"Finding defects once a change in code had already happened is called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Regression testing"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78782 | 5ad29fdfd7d075001a429c83 | Greeks | The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his... | What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from France written by another great philosopher? | What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from France written by another great philosopher? | [
"What statement of note was given by a great philosopher from France written by another great philosopher?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46240 | 5ad3dfe2604f3c001a3ff49b | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions a... | What is one of the career paths many Jehovah's Witnesses choose to take? | What is one of the career paths many Jehovah's Witnesses choose to take? | [
"What is one of the career paths many Jehovah's Witnesses choose to take?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109750 | 572900303f37b31900477f55 | Samurai | Created by Takashi Okazaki, Afro Samurai was initially a doujinshi, or manga series, which was then made into an animated series by Studio Gonzo. In 2007 the animated series debuted on American cable television on the Spike TV channel (Denison, 2010). The series was produced for American viewers which “embodies the tre... | Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai? | Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai? | [
"Who was the star voice actor of Afro Samurai?"
] | {
"text": [
"Samuel L. Jackson"
],
"answer_start": [
598
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2832 | 5acd89d907355d001abf465b | British_Isles | The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles... | During which Period have the land bridges been shaped by glaciations? | During which Period have the land bridges been shaped by glaciations? | [
"During which Period have the land bridges been shaped by glaciations? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2910 | 57302a1204bcaa1900d7729d | British_Isles | At the end of the last ice age, what are now the British Isles were joined to the European mainland as a mass of land extending north west from the modern-day northern coastline of France, Belgium and the Netherlands. Ice covered almost all of what is now Scotland, most of Ireland and Wales, and the hills of northern E... | When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area? | When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area? | [
"When sea levels rose what occured in the British Isles area?"
] | {
"text": [
"separating Ireland from Great Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107867 | 5acfc16877cf76001a685ce0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The books written later in the Abbasid period in Iran are more anti Umayyad. Iran was Sunni at the time. There was much anti Arab feeling in Iran after the fall of the Persian empire. This anti Arab feeling also influenced the books on Islamic history. Al-Tabri was also written in Iran during that period. Al-Tabri was ... | What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like? | What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like? | [
"What are the books written early in the Abbasid period like?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33984 | 5ad40b96604f3c001a400010 | Alaska | The Alaska Native Language Center at the University of Alaska Fairbanks claims that at least 20 Alaskan native languages exist and there are also some languages with different dialects. Most of Alaska's native languages belong to either the Eskimo–Aleut or Na-Dene language families however some languages are thought to... | What are the three main native Alaskan language families? | What are the three main native Alaskan language families? | [
"What are the three main native Alaskan language families?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85283 | 5a7fc8148f0597001ac000bb | Supreme_court | In South Africa, a "two apex" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA is subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the hi... | What existed from 1993 to 2014? | What existed from 1993 to 2014? | [
"What existed from 1993 to 2014?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67107 | 5726fc1c708984140094d7b6 | Nutrition | Heart disease, cancer, obesity, and diabetes are commonly called "Western" diseases because these maladies were once rarely seen in developing countries. An international study in China found some regions had virtually no cancer or heart disease, while in other areas they reflected "up to a 100-fold increase" coinciden... | Other than meat, what else is lacking from the people in China's diet compared to diets from the Western world? | Other than meat, what else is lacking from the people in China's diet compared to diets from the Western world? | [
"Other than meat, what else is lacking from the people in China's diet compared to diets from the Western world?"
] | {
"text": [
"dairy"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67002 | 5726b410708984140094ce4e | Nutrition | In the early 1880s, Kanehiro Takaki observed that Japanese sailors (whose diets consisted almost entirely of white rice) developed beriberi (or endemic neuritis, a disease causing heart problems and paralysis), but British sailors and Japanese naval officers did not. Adding various types of vegetables and meats to the ... | Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi? | Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi? | [
"Who made the observation that the Japanese sailor's diet was the cause for them developing beriberi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kanehiro Takaki"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75107 | 572eff4bcb0c0d14000f16ee | Elevator | In addition to the call buttons, elevators usually have floor indicators (often illuminated by LED) and direction lanterns. The former are almost universal in cab interiors with more than two stops and may be found outside the elevators as well on one or more of the floors. Floor indicators can consist of a dial with a... | Modern elevator position or floor indicaters often use what type of bulbs? | Modern elevator position or floor indicaters often use what type of bulbs? | [
"Modern elevator position or floor indicaters often use what type of bulbs?"
] | {
"text": [
"LED"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64983 | 5ad129a0645df0001a2d100f | Renewable_energy_commercialization | There are also many large plants under construction. The Desert Sunlight Solar Farm under construction in Riverside County, California and Topaz Solar Farm being built in San Luis Obispo County, California are both 550 MW solar parks that will use thin-film solar photovoltaic modules made by First Solar. The Blythe Sol... | Where is Desert Sunlight State Farm? | Where is Desert Sunlight State Farm? | [
" Where is Desert Sunlight State Farm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100995 | 5727ac723acd2414000de94b | Hindu_philosophy | Mīmāṃsā gave rise to the study of philology and the philosophy of language. While their deep analysis of language and linguistics influenced other schools, their views were not shared by others. Mīmāṃsākas considered the purpose and power of language was to clearly prescribe the proper, correct and right. In contrast, ... | What school thought that language was supposed to be widened to describe and develop? | What school thought that language was supposed to be widened to describe and develop? | [
"What school thought that language was supposed to be widened to describe and develop?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vedantins"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34247 | 5ad415e9604f3c001a40031e | Alaska | There are many established music festivals in Alaska, including the Alaska Folk Festival, the Fairbanks Summer Arts Festival, the Anchorage Folk Festival, the Athabascan Old-Time Fiddling Festival, the Sitka Jazz Festival, and the Sitka Summer Music Festival. The most prominent orchestra in Alaska is the Anchorage Symp... | What is Alaska's least prominent orchestra? | What is Alaska's least prominent orchestra? | [
"What is Alaska's least prominent orchestra?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7478 | 5a8c33c9fd22b3001a8d864d | Database | IBM also had their own DBMS in 1966, known as Information Management System (IMS). IMS was a development of software written for the Apollo program on the System/360. IMS was generally similar in concept to CODASYL, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of CODASYL's network model. Both co... | When did IBM lose their own DBMS? | When did IBM lose their own DBMS? | [
"When did IBM lose their own DBMS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61244 | 5aced26f32bba1001ae4b5d9 | Police | All police officers in the United Kingdom, whatever their actual rank, are 'constables' in terms of their legal position. This means that a newly appointed constable has the same arrest powers as a Chief Constable or Commissioner. However, certain higher ranks have additional powers to authorize certain aspects of poli... | What powers of an old UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's? | What powers of an old UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's? | [
"What powers of an old UK police officer are the same as a Commissioner's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70505 | 56dfdeb27aa994140058e1f0 | Pub | The "snug", sometimes called the smoke room, was typically a small, very private room with access to the bar that had a frosted glass external window, set above head height. A higher price was paid for beer in the snug and nobody could look in and see the drinkers. It was not only the wealthy visitors who would use the... | What were the windows in the snug made out of? | What were the windows in the snug made out of? | [
"What were the windows in the snug made out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"frosted glass"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63014 | 5a7a0eba17ab25001a8a0280 | Czech_language | Around the sixth century AD, a tribe of Slavs arrived in a portion of Central Europe. According to legend they were led by a hero named Čech, from whom the word "Czech" derives. The ninth century brought the state of Great Moravia, whose first ruler (Rastislav of Moravia) invited Byzantine ruler Michael III to send mis... | When did Rastislav of Moravia arrive in Glagolitic? | When did Rastislav of Moravia arrive in Glagolitic? | [
"When did Rastislav of Moravia arrive in Glagolitic?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24298 | 572956496aef051400154d15 | Bermuda | Bermudians served in the British armed forces during both World War I and World War II. After the latter, Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest-ranking soldier, was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and their descendants had preceded him into senior ran... | What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day? | What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day? | [
"What is the site for Bermuda's Remembrance Day?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68203 | 5ad42425604f3c001a400882 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston A... | The Charleston International Airport isn't located in what city? | The Charleston International Airport isn't located in what city? | [
"The Charleston International Airport isn't located in what city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58273 | 5ad41b7f604f3c001a400530 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | In May 2015, a coalition of more than 60 Asian-American organizations filed federal complaints with the Education and Justice Departments against Harvard University. The coalition asked for a civil rights investigation into what they described as Harvard's discriminatory admission practices against Asian-American appli... | What grade average do some students have that aren't being rejected? | What grade average do some students have that aren't being rejected? | [
"What grade average do some students have that aren't being rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36805 | 5a84a7ef7cf838001a46aa1c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | A party's floor leader, in conjunction with other party leaders, plays an influential role in the formulation of party policy and programs. He is instrumental in guiding legislation favored by his party through the House, or in resisting those programs of the other party that are considered undesirable by his own party... | What does the whip organization play a role in forming in conjunction with party leaders? | What does the whip organization play a role in forming in conjunction with party leaders? | [
"What does the whip organization play a role in forming in conjunction with party leaders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12799 | 5ad30688604f3c001a3fdada | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal deacons derive originally from the seven deacons in the Papal Household and the seven deacons who supervised the Church's works in the districts of Rome during the early Middle Ages, when church administration was effectively the government of Rome and provided all social services. Cardinal deacons are given t... | Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? | Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household? | [
"Who is originally from the six deacons in the Papal Household?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79326 | 5a3bfef3cc5d22001a521ce1 | Heian_period | The In-no-cho filled the void left by the decline of Fujiwara power. Rather than being banished, the Fujiwara were mostly retained in their old positions of civil dictator and minister of the center while being bypassed in decision making. In time, many of the Fujiwara were replaced, mostly by members of the rising Min... | What other family was replaced by the Fujiwara? | What other family was replaced by the Fujiwara? | [
"What other family was replaced by the Fujiwara?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25192 | 56d1186417492d1400aab912 | New_York_City | New York's airspace is the busiest in the United States and one of the world's busiest air transportation corridors. The three busiest airports in the New York metropolitan area include John F. Kennedy International Airport, Newark Liberty International Airport, and LaGuardia Airport; 109 million travelers used these t... | What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area? | What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area? | [
"What is the second busiest airport in the New York metro area?"
] | {
"text": [
"Newark Liberty International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17779 | 56cedf84aab44d1400b88ba5 | Spectre_(2015_film) | The song was released as a digital download on 25 September 2015. It received mixed reviews from critics and fans, particularly in comparison to Adele's "Skyfall". The mixed reception to the song led to Shirley Bassey trending on Twitter on the day it was released. It became the first Bond theme to reach number one in ... | What former Bond theme singer was the subject of extensive activity on Twitter when the Spectre theme was released? | What former Bond theme singer was the subject of extensive activity on Twitter when the Spectre theme was released? | [
"What former Bond theme singer was the subject of extensive activity on Twitter when the Spectre theme was released?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shirley Bassey"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24877 | 56cf3569aab44d1400b88e54 | New_York_City | Approximately 37% of the city's population is foreign born. In New York, no single country or region of origin dominates. The ten largest sources of foreign-born individuals in the city as of 2011 were the Dominican Republic, China, Mexico, Guyana, Jamaica, Ecuador, Haiti, India, Russia, and Trinidad and Tobago, while ... | From what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011? | From what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011? | [
"From what country did the largest number of foreign-born immigrants originate as of 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dominican Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76598 | 572a92c9111d821400f38bfd | Philadelphia | Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape (Delaware) Indians in the village of Shackamaxon. The Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their historical territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Isl... | What other tribe occasionally fought against the Lenape? | What other tribe occasionally fought against the Lenape? | [
"What other tribe occasionally fought against the Lenape?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iroquois"
],
"answer_start": [
634
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59904 | 56f9882e9e9bad19000a0a47 | Zhejiang | Zhejiang consists mostly of hills, which account for about 70% of its total area. Altitudes tend to be the highest to the south and west and the highest peak of the province, Huangmaojian Peak (1,929 meters or 6,329 feet), is located there. Other prominent mountains include Mounts Yandang, Tianmu, Tiantai, and Mogan, w... | How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet? | How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet? | [
"How high is Huangmaojian Peak in feet?"
] | {
"text": [
"6,329"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38275 | 572a22271d046914007797cc | Neolithic | In 2012, news was released about a new farming site discovered in Munam-ri, Goseong, Gangwon Province, South Korea, which may be the earliest farmland known to date in east Asia. "No remains of an agricultural field from the Neolithic period have been found in any East Asian country before, the institute said, adding t... | What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site? | What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site? | [
"What technology will researchers use to measure a more accurate time period for the farm site?"
] | {
"text": [
"accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS)"
],
"answer_start": [
703
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37222 | 5727942cdd62a815002ea0fc | Switzerland | The Federal Council constitutes the federal government, directs the federal administration and serves as collective Head of State. It is a collegial body of seven members, elected for a four-year mandate by the Federal Assembly which also exercises oversight over the Council. The President of the Confederation is elect... | What serves as the collective Head of State? | What serves as the collective Head of State? | [
"What serves as the collective Head of State?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Federal Council"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114108 | 5a42d0914a4859001aac733e | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | A third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind that when dealing with quantum mechani... | What processes in quantum mechanics are reversable? | What processes in quantum mechanics are reversable? | [
"What processes in quantum mechanics are reversable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109005 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9c | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | How does literature unite small communities? | How does literature unite small communities? | [
"How does literature unite small communities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84402 | 5ad39b2c604f3c001a3fe89c | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | One may claim that the judiciary has historically been the weakest of the three branches. In fact, its power to exercise judicial review—its sole meaningful check on the other two branches—is not explicitly granted by the U.S Constitution. The U.S. Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts as ... | How many times before World War I has the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts? | How many times before World War I has the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts? | [
"How many times before World War I has the Supreme Court exercised its power to strike down congressional acts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97965 | 5732a488d6dcfa19001e8a5a | Humanism | The ad fontes principle also had many applications. The re-discovery of ancient manuscripts brought a more profound and accurate knowledge of ancient philosophical schools such as Epicureanism, and Neoplatonism, whose Pagan wisdom the humanists, like the Church fathers of old, tended, at least initially, to consider as... | Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence? | Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence? | [
"Who was the most influential supporter of the ideals of Terence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saint Augustine"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41954 | 5730af318ab72b1400f9c68d | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | All versions of the SNES are predominantly gray, although the exact shade may differ. The original North American version, designed by Nintendo of America industrial designer Lance Barr (who previously redesigned the Famicom to become the NES), has a boxy design with purple sliding switches and a dark gray eject lever.... | Who designed the North American SNES? | Who designed the North American SNES? | [
"Who designed the North American SNES?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lance Barr"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45951 | 5ace498c32bba1001ae4a1ca | YouTube | In May 2014, prior to the launch of YouTube's subscription-based Music Key service, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services, and that YouTube w... | What did Robert Kyncl confirm in May 2014? | What did Robert Kyncl confirm in May 2014? | [
"What did Robert Kyncl confirm in May 2014?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104826 | 573368994776f41900660a42 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | IndyMac often made loans without verification of the borrower’s income or assets, and to borrowers with poor credit histories. Appraisals obtained by IndyMac on underlying collateral were often questionable as well. As an Alt-A lender, IndyMac’s business model was to offer loan products to fit the borrower’s needs, usi... | IndyMac offered this type of questionable loans to borrowers? | IndyMac offered this type of questionable loans to borrowers? | [
"IndyMac offered this type of questionable loans to borrowers?"
] | {
"text": [
"risky"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48125 | 56f9f63b8f12f31900630013 | Wood | Knots do not necessarily influence the stiffness of structural timber, this will depend on the size and location. Stiffness and elastic strength are more dependent upon the sound wood than upon localized defects. The breaking strength is very susceptible to defects. Sound knots do not weaken wood when subject to compre... | What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects? | What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects? | [
"What do stiffness and elastic strength depend on more than defects?"
] | {
"text": [
"sound wood"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93847 | 572e80e8cb0c0d14000f11fc | Cyprus | The ratio of Muslims to Christians fluctuated throughout the period of Ottoman domination. In 1777–78, 47,000 Muslims constituted a majority over the island's 37,000 Christians. By 1872, the population of the island had risen to 144,000, comprising 44,000 Muslims and 100,000 Christians. The Muslim population included n... | What was the population of the island in 1872? | What was the population of the island in 1872? | [
"What was the population of the island in 1872?"
] | {
"text": [
"144,000"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44752 | 56f8b1989b226e1400dd0e2a | Gene | Additionally, genes can have regulatory regions many kilobases upstream or downstream of the open reading frame. These act by binding to transcription factors which then cause the DNA to loop so that the regulatory sequence (and bound transcription factor) become close to the RNA polymerase binding site. For example, e... | What happens after an enhancer binds an activator protein? | What happens after an enhancer binds an activator protein? | [
"What happens after an enhancer binds an activator protein?"
] | {
"text": [
"helps to recruit the RNA polymerase to the promoter"
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29036 | 571adceb9499d21900609b5b | Pharmaceutical_industry | Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles... | What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years? | What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years? | [
"What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years?"
] | {
"text": [
"an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of mental retardation, and 5,200 deaths"
],
"answer_start": [
476
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29871 | 5ad17748645df0001a2d1d37 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The Protoevangelium of James, an extra-canonical book, has been the source of many Orthodox beliefs on Mary. The account of Mary's life presented includes her consecration as a virgin at the temple at age three. The High Priest Zachariah blessed Mary and informed her that God had magnified her name among many generatio... | Who wrote The Protoevangelium of James? | Who wrote The Protoevangelium of James? | [
"Who wrote The Protoevangelium of James?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5475 | 5706924752bb891400689a79 | House_music | House music is a genre of electronic dance music that originated in Chicago in the early 1980s. It was initially popularized in Chicago, circa 1984. House music quickly spread to other American cities such as Detroit, New York City, and Newark – all of which developed their own regional scenes. In the mid-to-late 1980s... | What genre does House music fall into? | What genre does House music fall into? | [
"What genre does House music fall into?"
] | {
"text": [
"electronic dance music"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32933 | 572820623acd2414000df510 | Central_African_Republic | The per capita income of the Republic is often listed as being approximately $400 a year, one of the lowest in the world, but this figure is based mostly on reported sales of exports and largely ignores the unregistered sale of foods, locally produced alcoholic beverages, diamonds, ivory, bushmeat, and traditional medi... | Which item that poachers kill elephants for can be obtained in CAR? | Which item that poachers kill elephants for can be obtained in CAR? | [
"Which item that poachers kill elephants for can be obtained in CAR?"
] | {
"text": [
"ivory"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77609 | 57266df7708984140094c5a4 | British_Empire | Events in America influenced British policy in Canada, where between 40,000 and 100,000 defeated Loyalists had migrated from America following independence. The 14,000 Loyalists who went to the Saint John and Saint Croix river valleys, then part of Nova Scotia, felt too far removed from the provincial government in Hal... | What language did most of Upper Canada speak? | What language did most of Upper Canada speak? | [
"What language did most of Upper Canada speak?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38755 | 570c6652fed7b91900d4599f | FC_Barcelona | After Laporta's departure from the club in June 2010, Sandro Rosell was soon elected as the new president. The elections were held on 13 June, where he got 61.35% (57,088 votes, a record) of total votes. Rosell signed David Villa from Valencia for €40 million and Javier Mascherano from Liverpool for €19 million. In Nov... | What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president? | What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president? | [
"What was Rosell's record number of votes he received for president?"
] | {
"text": [
"57,088"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60101 | 5acfc68477cf76001a685ea3 | Zhejiang | Since ancient times, north Zhejiang and neighbouring south Jiangsu have been famed for their prosperity and opulence[citation needed], and simply inserting north Zhejiang place names (Hangzhou, Jiaxing, etc.) into poetry gave an effect of dreaminess, a practice followed by many noted poets. In particular, the fame of H... | Inserting south Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what? | Inserting south Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what? | [
" Inserting south Zhejiang names into poetry gave an effect of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45673 | 5acd693707355d001abf410b | YouTube | In 2014 YouTube said that 300 hours of new videos were uploaded to the site every minute, three times more than one year earlier and that around three quarters of the material comes from outside the U.S. The site has 800 million unique users a month. It is estimated that in 2007 YouTube consumed as much bandwidth as th... | What is ranked fourth on the world's list of most visited sites? | What is ranked fourth on the world's list of most visited sites? | [
"What is ranked fourth on the world's list of most visited sites?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10715 | 56fdcbae19033b140034cd7c | Computer | Charles Babbage, an English mechanical engineer and polymath, originated the concept of a programmable computer. Considered the "father of the computer", he conceptualized and invented the first mechanical computer in the early 19th century. After working on his revolutionary difference engine, designed to aid in navig... | Who is considered the "father of the computer"? | Who is considered the "father of the computer"? | [
"Who is considered the \"father of the computer\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charles Babbage"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74491 | 5ace5fe232bba1001ae4a470 | Asphalt | Canada has the world's largest deposit of natural bitumen in the Athabasca oil sands and Canadian First Nations along the Athabasca River had long used it to waterproof their canoes. In 1719, a Cree Indian named Wa-Pa-Su brought a sample for trade to Henry Kelsey of the Hudson’s Bay Company, who was the first recorded ... | Canada is home to the world's smallest deposit of what? | Canada is home to the world's smallest deposit of what? | [
"Canada is home to the world's smallest deposit of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108285 | 5acd1f4407355d001abf35c5 | Aspirated_consonant | Armenian and Cantonese have aspiration that lasts about as long as English aspirated stops, in addition to unaspirated stops. Korean has lightly aspirated stops that fall between the Armenian and Cantonese unaspirated and aspirated stops as well as strongly aspirated stops whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Arm... | Whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Korean? | Whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Korean? | [
"Whose aspiration lasts longer than that of Armenian or Korean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113625 | 5706f5de90286e26004fc767 | Immunology | Immunology is strongly experimental in everyday practice but is also characterized by an ongoing theoretical attitude. Many theories have been suggested in immunology from the end of the nineteenth century up to the present time. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century saw a battle between "ce... | Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside? | Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside? | [
"Rather than cells, in humoral immunology where did the molecules that cause immune response reside?"
] | {
"text": [
"the organism’s “humors”"
],
"answer_start": [
728
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56800 | 5727c4faff5b5019007d94c8 | Gramophone_record | Stereophonic sound recording, which attempts to provide a more natural listening experience by reproducing the spatial locations of sound sources in the horizontal plane, was the natural extension to monophonic recording, and attracted various alternative engineering attempts. The ultimately dominant "45/45" stereophon... | How was the commercial success of stereo sound in the 1930s? | How was the commercial success of stereo sound in the 1930s? | [
"How was the commercial success of stereo sound in the 1930s?"
] | {
"text": [
"was not exploited commercially until much later."
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9746 | 5727eb3c4b864d1900164027 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser's nationalization of the Suez Canal and his emergence as the political victor from the subsequent Suez Crisis substantially elevated his popularity in Egypt and the Arab world. Calls for pan-Arab unity under his leadership increased, culminating with the formation of the United Arab Republic with Syria (1958–196... | What civil war did Nasser become entangled in? | What civil war did Nasser become entangled in? | [
"What civil war did Nasser become entangled in?"
] | {
"text": [
"North Yemen Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22667 | 5a12520e6614be00188f24f0 | Exhibition_game | It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's S... | What made these type of exhibition games more popular? | What made these type of exhibition games more popular? | [
"What made these type of exhibition games more popular?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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