gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-110936 | 5a81bcfc31013a001a334e1a | Group_(mathematics) | The modern concept of an abstract group developed out of several fields of mathematics. The original motivation for group theory was the quest for solutions of polynomial equations of degree higher than 4. The 19th-century French mathematician Évariste Galois, extending prior work of Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagr... | Whose work did Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange base their work on? | Whose work did Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange base their work on? | [
"Whose work did Paolo Ruffini and Joseph-Louis Lagrange base their work on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15863 | 5a82fcfbe60761001a2eb2cb | Infection | Diagnosis of infectious disease sometimes involves identifying an infectious agent either directly or indirectly. In practice most minor infectious diseases such as warts, cutaneous abscesses, respiratory system infections and diarrheal diseases are diagnosed by their clinical presentation and treated without knowledge... | Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent? | Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent? | [
"Why is it always worth it to identify an infectious agent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87470 | 56d1085d17492d1400aab7a9 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | The novel is renowned for its warmth and humor, despite dealing with the serious issues of rape and racial inequality. The narrator's father, Atticus Finch, has served as a moral hero for many readers and as a model of integrity for lawyers. One critic explains the novel's impact by writing, "In the twentieth century, ... | Who is the protagonist of the novel? | Who is the protagonist of the novel? | [
"Who is the protagonist of the novel?"
] | {
"text": [
"Atticus Finch"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115427 | 56eaa9720030b61400a35017 | Political_corruption | An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment. Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patr... | While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what? | While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what? | [
"While not illegal, an unholy alliance can be more dangerous to the public than what?"
] | {
"text": [
"patronage"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17404 | 5ad114d5645df0001a2d0cc7 | Uranium | During the later stages of World War II, the entire Cold War, and to a lesser extent afterwards, uranium-235 has been used as the fissile explosive material to produce nuclear weapons. Initially, two major types of fission bombs were built: a relatively simple device that uses uranium-235 and a more complicated mechani... | What is another name for a fission/fusion boat? | What is another name for a fission/fusion boat? | [
"What is another name for a fission/fusion boat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47049 | 5a8c9243fd22b3001a8d8b4f | Textual_criticism | Scientific and critical editions can be protected by copyright as works of authorship if enough creativity/originality is provided. The mere addition of a word, or substitution of a term with another one believed to be more correct, usually does not achieve such level of originality/creativity. All the notes accounting... | What are not protected by copyright? | What are not protected by copyright? | [
"What are not protected by copyright?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104377 | 5ad22a90d7d075001a4285d0 | Mandolin | Though almost any variety of acoustic mandolin might be adequate for Irish traditional music, virtually all Irish players prefer flat-backed instruments with oval sound holes to the Italian-style bowl-back mandolins or the carved-top mandolins with f-holes favoured by bluegrass mandolinists. The former are often too so... | What types of instruments do Italian player prefer? | What types of instruments do Italian player prefer? | [
"What types of instruments do Italian player prefer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80567 | 5a6697f8f038b7001ab0c033 | Data_compression | Lossy audio compression is used in a wide range of applications. In addition to the direct applications (mp3 players or computers), digitally compressed audio streams are used in most video DVDs, digital television, streaming media on the internet, satellite and cable radio, and increasingly in terrestrial radio broadc... | What compression usually achieves far greater streams than lossless? | What compression usually achieves far greater streams than lossless? | [
"What compression usually achieves far greater streams than lossless?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22778 | 57359d61e853931400426a54 | Kathmandu | The ancient history of Kathmandu is described in its traditional myths and legends. According to Swayambhu Purana, present-day Kathmandu was once a huge and deep lake names "Nagdaha" as it was full of snakes. The lake was cut drained by Bodhisatwa Manjusri with his sword and the water was evacuated out from there and h... | Who was the founder of Manjupattan? | Who was the founder of Manjupattan? | [
"Who was the founder of Manjupattan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bodhisatwa Manjusri"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26975 | 5a8ce29dfd22b3001a8d8fb3 | United_States_dollar | Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and... | What was the Kennedy dollar replaced with? | What was the Kennedy dollar replaced with? | [
"What was the Kennedy dollar replaced with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4076 | 56d4e5022ccc5a1400d832fc | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has been described as a having a wide-ranging sex appeal, with music journalist Touré writing that since the release of Dangerously in Love, she has "become a crossover sex symbol". Offstage Beyoncé says that while she likes to dress sexily, her onstage dress "is absolutely for the stage." Due to her curves and... | In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyoncé put in the dictionary? | In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyoncé put in the dictionary? | [
"In what year was the slang term from a title of a Destiny's Child song that is also used to describe Beyoncé put in the dictionary?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28639 | 572e885c03f989190075673e | Canadian_football | On the field at the beginning of a play are two teams of 12 (unlike 11 in American football). The team in possession of the ball is the offence and the team defending is referred to as the defence. Play begins with a backwards pass through the legs (the snap) by a member of the offensive team, to another member of the ... | What is the term for the team who begins a play with control of the ball? | What is the term for the team who begins a play with control of the ball? | [
"What is the term for the team who begins a play with control of the ball?"
] | {
"text": [
"offence"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16571 | 572a3c9b6aef0514001553c6 | Friedrich_Hayek | On his mother's side, Hayek was second cousin to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein. His mother often played with Wittgenstein's sisters, and had known Ludwig well. As a result of their family relationship, Hayek became one of the first to read Wittgenstein's Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus when the book was published ... | Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? | Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book? | [
"Who was among the first readers of Ludwig Wittgenstein's book?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hayek"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67965 | 5ad41b2a604f3c001a400510 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of... | What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1861? | What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1861? | [
"What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1861?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77651 | 57267801dd62a815002e860e | British_Empire | When Russia invaded the Turkish Balkans in 1853, fears of Russian dominance in the Mediterranean and Middle East led Britain and France to invade the Crimean Peninsula to destroy Russian naval capabilities. The ensuing Crimean War (1854–56), which involved new techniques of modern warfare, and was the only global war f... | When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans? | When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans? | [
"When did Russia invade the Turkish Balkans?"
] | {
"text": [
"1853"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27977 | 573189d6e6313a140071d062 | Steven_Spielberg | In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's... | In what film did Spielberg address humanistic issues? | In what film did Spielberg address humanistic issues? | [
"In what film did Spielberg address humanistic issues?"
] | {
"text": [
"Schindler's List"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102806 | 5727b3022ca10214002d9438 | Unicode | Unicode can be implemented by different character encodings. The most commonly used encodings are UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2. UTF-8 uses one byte for any ASCII character, all of which have the same code values in both UTF-8 and ASCII encoding, and up to four bytes for other characters. UCS-2 uses a 16-bit... | What are the most commonly used encodings of Unicode? | What are the most commonly used encodings of Unicode? | [
"What are the most commonly used encodings of Unicode?"
] | {
"text": [
"UTF-8, UTF-16 and the now-obsolete UCS-2"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102789 | 57305b548ab72b1400f9c4a2 | Association_football | A number of players may be replaced by substitutes during the course of the game. The maximum number of substitutions permitted in most competitive international and domestic league games is three, though the permitted number may vary in other competitions or in friendly matches. Common reasons for a substitution inclu... | What is one who replaces a player during a game called? | What is one who replaces a player during a game called? | [
"What is one who replaces a player during a game called?"
] | {
"text": [
"substitutes"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21185 | 572eda97c246551400ce4730 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The state (like its southwestern neighbors) has had close linguistic and cultural ties with Mexico. The state outside the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 was part of the New Mexico Territory until 1863, when the western half was made into the Arizona Territory. The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of S... | Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives. | Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives. | [
"Has New Mexico had a majority of Spanish speaking natives."
] | {
"text": [
"The area of the former Gadsden Purchase contained a majority of Spanish-speakers until the 1940s"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47675 | 57265007dd62a815002e814a | Napoleon | Napoleon's noble, moderately affluent background afforded him greater opportunities to study than were available to a typical Corsican of the time. In January 1779, he was enrolled at a religious school in Autun. In May, he was admitted to a military academy at Brienne-le-Château. His first language was Corsican, and h... | According to a school examiner, Napoleon was best at which academic subject? | According to a school examiner, Napoleon was best at which academic subject? | [
"According to a school examiner, Napoleon was best at which academic subject?"
] | {
"text": [
"mathematics"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113710 | 572f5c68a23a5019007fc5a3 | Central_Intelligence_Agency | The early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese entry into the Korean War with 300,00... | Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy? | Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy? | [
"Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bill Weisband"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8647 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e621 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its memb... | What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991? | What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991? | [
"What was the new name given to the RSFSR on December 25, 1991?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian Federation"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73637 | 56db5d64e7c41114004b5002 | American_Idol | The loss of viewers continued into season 12, which saw the show hitting a number of series low in the 18-49 demo. The finale had 7.2 million fewer viewers than the previous season, and saw a drop of 44% in the 18-49 demo. The season viewers averaged at 13.3 million, a drop of 24% from the previous season. The thirteen... | How many viewers watched on average this season? | How many viewers watched on average this season? | [
"How many viewers watched on average this season?"
] | {
"text": [
"13.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31643 | 570d6767fed7b91900d45ffb | Anti-aircraft_warfare | In some countries, such as Britain and Germany during the Second World War, the Soviet Union and NATO's Allied Command Europe, ground based air defence and air defence aircraft have been under integrated command and control. However, while overall air defence may be for homeland defence including military facilities, f... | Who will deploy their own air defence if their is an air threat? | Who will deploy their own air defence if their is an air threat? | [
"Who will deploy their own air defence if their is an air threat?"
] | {
"text": [
"forces in the field"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46582 | 57266ad8f1498d1400e8df22 | Department_store | The middle up segment is mainly occupied by Metro Department Store originated from Singapore and Sogo from Japan. 2007 saw the re-opening of Jakarta's Seibu, poised to be the largest and second most upscale department store in Indonesia after Harvey Nichols, which the latter closed in 2010 and yet plans to return. Othe... | What store led the Indonesian markets until 2010 when it closed? | What store led the Indonesian markets until 2010 when it closed? | [
"What store led the Indonesian markets until 2010 when it closed? "
] | {
"text": [
"Harvey Nichols"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101240 | 5ad28121d7d075001a4297eb | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." Th... | Who should deny the annexation of Poland? | Who should deny the annexation of Poland? | [
"Who should deny the annexation of Poland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114671 | 5ad257fbd7d075001a428db3 | Emotion | Many different disciplines have produced work on the emotions. Human sciences study the role of emotions in mental processes, disorders, and neural mechanisms. In psychiatry, emotions are examined as part of the discipline's study and treatment of mental disorders in humans. Nursing studies emotions as part of its appr... | What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of non-human mental disorders? | What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of non-human mental disorders? | [
"What fields studies the role of emotions in the treatment of non-human mental disorders?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38035 | 5730239eb2c2fd1400568933 | Roman_Republic | Beginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and the senate then passed ... | Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar? | Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar? | [
"Who did the senators decide would aid them in their conflict with Caesar?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pompey"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100380 | 5acd449507355d001abf3b59 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | BeiDou-2 (formerly known as COMPASS) is not an extension to the older BeiDou-1, but rather supersedes it outright. The new system will be a constellation of 35 satellites, which include 5 geostationary orbit satellites for backward compatibility with BeiDou-1, and 30 non-geostationary satellites (27 in medium Earth orb... | The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites? | The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites? | [
"The old system will consist of how many non-geostationary satellites satellites?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66543 | 5728a145ff5b5019007da357 | Brigham_Young_University | The BYU Ballroom Dance Company is known as one of the best formation ballroom dance teams in the world, having won the U.S. National Formation Dance Championship every year since 1982. BYU's Ballroom dance team has won first place in Latin or Standard (or both) many times when they have competed at the Blackpool Dance ... | What dance championships have been held at BYU for several years? | What dance championships have been held at BYU for several years? | [
"What dance championships have been held at BYU for several years?"
] | {
"text": [
"NDCA National DanceSport"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75005 | 572eb90bcb0c0d14000f14c4 | Elevator | Some skyscraper buildings and other types of installation feature a destination operating panel where a passenger registers their floor calls before entering the car. The system lets them know which car to wait for, instead of everyone boarding the next car. In this way, travel time is reduced as the elevator makes few... | What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"? | What is another benefit of a "destination operating panel"? | [
"What is another benefit of a \"destination operating panel\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"the computer distributes adjacent stops to different cars in the bank"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51687 | 5706a64f75f01819005e7cd6 | New_Delhi | New Delhi is particularly renowned for its beautifully landscaped gardens that can look quite stunning in spring. The largest of these include Buddha Jayanti Park and the historic Lodi Gardens. In addition, there are the gardens in the Presidential Estate, the gardens along the Rajpath and India Gate, the gardens along... | What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi? | What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi? | [
"What is the name of one of the largest gardens in new Delhi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddha Jayanti Park"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101730 | 56d62ca31c85041400946f74 | Dog | The majority of contemporary people with dogs describe their pet as part of the family, although some ambivalence about the relationship is evident in the popular reconceptualization of the dog–human family as a pack. A dominance model of dog–human relationships has been promoted by some dog trainers, such as on the te... | How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs? | How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs? | [
"How do most people describe the relationship with their dogs?"
] | {
"text": [
"part of the family"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106438 | 57260a8e38643c19005acf70 | Hellenistic_period | The trends of Hellenization were therefore accompanied by Greeks adopting native ways over time, but this was widely varied by place and by social class. The farther away from the Mediterranean and the lower in social status, the more likely that a colonist was to adopt local ways, while the Greco-Macedonian elites and... | Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture? | Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture? | [
"Greco-Macedonian elites remained commited to what culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103004 | 5acd2c8407355d001abf37d0 | Unicode | Unicode has become the dominant scheme for internal processing and storage of text. Although a great deal of text is still stored in legacy encodings, Unicode is used almost exclusively for building new information processing systems. Early adopters tended to use UCS-2 (the fixed-width two-byte precursor to UTF-16) and... | What descended from Mac OS X? | What descended from Mac OS X? | [
"What descended from Mac OS X?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83333 | 5727cd7a3acd2414000decce | Dominican_Order | In the revival movement France held a foremost place, owing to the reputation and convincing power of the orator, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802–1861). He took the habit of a Friar Preacher at Rome (1839), and the province of France was canonically erected in 1850. From this province were detached the province of... | What title did Pere Vincent Jandel hold during this time? | What title did Pere Vincent Jandel hold during this time? | [
"What title did Pere Vincent Jandel hold during this time?"
] | {
"text": [
"master general"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60590 | 5ace3dd532bba1001ae4a009 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | The Ann Arbor Hands-On Museum is located in a renovated and expanded historic downtown fire station. Multiple art galleries exist in the city, notably in the downtown area and around the University of Michigan campus. Aside from a large restaurant scene in the Main Street, South State Street, and South University Avenu... | What museum is located in a renovated historic downtown police station? | What museum is located in a renovated historic downtown police station? | [
"What museum is located in a renovated historic downtown police station?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50216 | 5ace970b32bba1001ae4ab57 | Neptune | Neptune is similar in composition to Uranus, and both have compositions that differ from those of the larger gas giants, Jupiter and Saturn. Like Jupiter and Saturn, Neptune's atmosphere is composed primarily of hydrogen and helium, along with traces of hydrocarbons and possibly nitrogen, but contains a higher proporti... | what color does helium make neptune? | what color does helium make neptune? | [
"what color does helium make neptune?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109004 | 5a7a591a21c2de001afe9b9b | Literature | Hogan also explains that the temporal and emotional amount which a person devotes to understanding a character’s situation in literature allows literature to be considered “ecological[ly] valid in the study of emotion”. This can be understood in the sense that literature unites a large community by provoking universal ... | Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation? | Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation? | [
"Logan says what two things explain what a person devotes to understanding a character's situation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90428 | 5ad0001b77cf76001a68673d | Tibet | From January 18–20, 2010 a national conference on Tibet and areas inhabited by Tibetans in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu and Qinghai was held in China and a substantial plan to improve development of the areas was announced. The conference was attended by General secretary Hu Jintao, Wu Bangguo, Wen Jiabao, Jia Qinglin, Li Ch... | Where was the 2018 conference on Tibet held? | Where was the 2018 conference on Tibet held? | [
"Where was the 2018 conference on Tibet held?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70447 | 56dfc0887aa994140058e11f | Pub | There was already regulation on public drinking spaces in the 17th and 18th centuries,[citation needed] and the income earned from licences was beneficial to the crown. Tavern owners were required to possess a licence to sell ale, and a separate licence for distilled spirits. | What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses? | What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses? | [
"What party received income from the sale of public drinking house licenses?"
] | {
"text": [
"the crown"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59148 | 5727c0a83acd2414000deba3 | A_cappella | Increased interest in modern a cappella (particularly collegiate a cappella) can be seen in the growth of awards such as the Contemporary A Cappella Recording Awards (overseen by the Contemporary A Cappella Society) and competitions such as the International Championship of Collegiate A Cappella for college groups and ... | What is the name of the group that won The Sing-Off? | What is the name of the group that won The Sing-Off? | [
"What is the name of the group that won The Sing-Off?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nota"
],
"answer_start": [
746
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110908 | 572809ab2ca10214002d9c39 | Group_(mathematics) | The concept of a group arose from the study of polynomial equations, starting with Évariste Galois in the 1830s. After contributions from other fields such as number theory and geometry, the group notion was generalized and firmly established around 1870. Modern group theory—an active mathematical discipline—studies gr... | When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled? | When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled? | [
"When was the group notion summed up and solidly settled?"
] | {
"text": [
"1870"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52456 | 572922ae1d0469140077909d | Planck_constant | In the last years of the nineteenth century, Planck was investigating the problem of black-body radiation first posed by Kirchhoff some forty years earlier. It is well known that hot objects glow, and that hotter objects glow brighter than cooler ones. The electromagnetic field obeys laws of motion similarly to a mass ... | Cooler objects glow less than objects that are what? | Cooler objects glow less than objects that are what? | [
"Cooler objects glow less than objects that are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"hotter"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56183 | 56e7b5cf00c9c71400d77545 | Arena_Football_League | Average attendance for AFL games were around 10,000–11,000 per game in the 1990s, though during the recession connected to the dot-com bubble and the September 11, 2001 attacks average attendance dropped below 10,000 for several years. From the start of the 2004 season until the final season of the original league in 2... | What was the average per-game attendance in 2007? | What was the average per-game attendance in 2007? | [
"What was the average per-game attendance in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"12,392"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11484 | 5727a70e4b864d190016397f | North_Carolina | Elementary and secondary public schools are overseen by the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction. The North Carolina Superintendent of Public Instruction is the secretary of the North Carolina State Board of Education, but the board, rather than the superintendent, holds most of the legal authority for makin... | Who holds most legal authority for making education policy? | Who holds most legal authority for making education policy? | [
"Who holds most legal authority for making education policy?"
] | {
"text": [
"the board"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38929 | 5a2c7345bfd06b001a5aeb84 | Serbo-Croatian | South Slavic historically formed a dialect continuum, i.e. each dialect has some similarities with the neighboring one, and differences grow with distance. However, migrations from the 16th to 18th centuries resulting from the spread of Ottoman Empire on the Balkans have caused large-scale population displacement that ... | What did wars cause from the 16th to 18th centuries? | What did wars cause from the 16th to 18th centuries? | [
"What did wars cause from the 16th to 18th centuries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74255 | 56e4cfd839bdeb14003479e0 | Architecture | Concurrently, the recent movements of New Urbanism, Metaphoric architecture and New Classical Architecture promote a sustainable approach towards construction, that appreciates and develops smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design. This in contrast to modernist and globally uniform architecture, as we... | What are three things the new movements try to achieve? | What are three things the new movements try to achieve? | [
"What are three things the new movements try to achieve?"
] | {
"text": [
"smart growth, architectural tradition and classical design"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21968 | 570ad8714103511400d59a87 | Aircraft_carrier | In August 2013, a launching ceremony for Japan's largest military ship since World War II was held in Yokohama. The 820-foot-long (250 m), 19,500-ton flattop Izumo was deployed in March 2015. The ship is able to carry up to 14 helicopters; however, only seven ASW helicopters and two SAR helicopters were planned for the... | How many helicopters can simultaneously land on Japan's largest military ship? | How many helicopters can simultaneously land on Japan's largest military ship? | [
"How many helicopters can simultaneously land on Japan's largest military ship?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16986 | 5725cbbc89a1e219009abedd | Israel | Between 1985 and 2015, Israel sent 24 delegations of IDF search and rescue unit to 22 countries. In Haiti, immediately following the 2010 earthquake, Israel was the first country to set up a field hospital capable of performing surgical operations. Israel sent over 200 medical doctors and personnel to start treating in... | How many doctors did Israel send to Haiti? | How many doctors did Israel send to Haiti? | [
"How many doctors did Israel send to Haiti?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 200"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85988 | 57340b224776f4190066179c | Tucson,_Arizona | By 1900, 7,531 people lived in the city. The population increased gradually to 13,913 in 1910. At about this time, the U.S. Veterans Administration had begun construction on the present Veterans Hospital. Many veterans who had been gassed in World War I and were in need of respiratory therapy began coming to Tucson aft... | What was Tucson's population in 1940? | What was Tucson's population in 1940? | [
"What was Tucson's population in 1940?"
] | {
"text": [
"36,818"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1002 | 5a847d907cf838001a46a864 | Endangered_Species_Act | The ESA requires that critical habitat be designated at the time of or within one year of a species being placed on the endangered list. In practice, most designations occur several years after listing. Between 1978 and 1986 the FWS regularly designated critical habitat. In 1986 the Reagan Administration issued a regul... | What did the Reagan regulations invalidate? | What did the Reagan regulations invalidate? | [
"What did the Reagan regulations invalidate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81459 | 572678a5708984140094c73b | Queen_Victoria | Through the 1860s, Victoria relied increasingly on a manservant from Scotland, John Brown. Slanderous rumours of a romantic connection and even a secret marriage appeared in print, and the Queen was referred to as "Mrs. Brown". The story of their relationship was the subject of the 1997 movie Mrs. Brown. A painting by ... | Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally? | Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally? | [
"Which manservent was Victoria's most trusted ally?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Brown"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10579 | 5acf8dae77cf76001a68522b | Comics | Webcomics are comics that are available on the internet. They are able to reach large audiences, and new readers usually can access archived installments. Webcomics can make use of an infinite canvas—meaning they are not constrained by size or dimensions of a page. | With webcomics, readers have no access to what? | With webcomics, readers have no access to what? | [
"With webcomics, readers have no access to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71797 | 5726dfe9708984140094d453 | Capacitor | When there is a potential difference across the conductors (e.g., when a capacitor is attached across a battery), an electric field develops across the dielectric, causing positive charge +Q to collect on one plate and negative charge −Q to collect on the other plate. If a battery has been attached to a capacitor for a... | When does an electric field develop across the dielectric? | When does an electric field develop across the dielectric? | [
"When does an electric field develop across the dielectric?"
] | {
"text": [
"When there is a potential difference across the conductors"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78922 | 5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b02 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games. | What does do previous games do to defeated companions? | What does do previous games do to defeated companions? | [
"What does do previous games do to defeated companions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27991 | 57318b4d05b4da19006bd276 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukr... | Where was Spielberg born? | Where was Spielberg born? | [
"Where was Spielberg born?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cincinnati, Ohio"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44180 | 5a2eeb0aa83784001a7d256b | Bras%C3%ADlia | The Portuguese language is the official national language and the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish are also part of the official curriculum. The city has six international schools: American School of Brasília, Brasília International School (BIS), Escola das Nações, Swiss International School (SIS... | In what year will the official curriculum start? | In what year will the official curriculum start? | [
"In what year will the official curriculum start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1141 | 5a84a4d17cf838001a46a9f7 | Endangered_Species_Act | Green and the CPI further noted another exploit of the ESA in their discussion of the critically endangered cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus). Not only had they found documentation that 151 of these primates had inadvertently made their way from the Harvard-affiliated New England Regional Primate Research Center in... | How many cotton-top tamarins were traded out of the US in 1976? | How many cotton-top tamarins were traded out of the US in 1976? | [
"How many cotton-top tamarins were traded out of the US in 1976?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102359 | 56fa84e7f34c681400b0c0de | High-definition_television | Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe ... | According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? | According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? | [
"According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? "
] | {
"text": [
"20 million"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6614 | 5ad346a8604f3c001a3fdc6d | PlayStation_3 | What's New was announced at Gamescom 2009 and was released on September 1, 2009, with PlayStation 3 system software 3.0. The feature was to replace the existing [Information Board], which displayed news from the PlayStation website associated with the user's region. The concept was developed further into a major PlaySt... | What did What's New get replaced by? | What did What's New get replaced by? | [
"What did What's New get replaced by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5460 | 5a11120a06e79900185c3525 | Digimon | The Digimon series has a large number of video games which usually have their own independent storylines with a few sometimes tying into the stories of the anime series or manga series. The games consists of a number of genres including life simulation, adventure, video card game, strategy and racing games, though they... | What did the Digimon series only have a few of? | What did the Digimon series only have a few of? | [
"What did the Digimon series only have a few of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87576 | 5729bca26aef051400155092 | IBM | In 1952, Thomas Watson, Sr., stepped down after almost 40 years at the company helm; his son, Thomas Watson, Jr., was named president. In 1956, the company demonstrated the first practical example of artificial intelligence when Arthur L. Samuel of IBM's Poughkeepsie, New York, laboratory programmed an IBM 704 not mere... | Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year? | Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year? | [
"Thomas Watson Sr. stepped down in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1952"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18777 | 5ad0bf6e645df0001a2d019f | Premier_League | Despite significant European success during the 1970s and early 1980s, the late '80s had marked a low point for English football. Stadiums were crumbling, supporters endured poor facilities, hooliganism was rife, and English clubs were banned from European competition for five years following the Heysel Stadium disaste... | Despite English success during the 70s and 80s, what did the 80's mean for European football? | Despite English success during the 70s and 80s, what did the 80's mean for European football? | [
"Despite English success during the 70s and 80s, what did the 80's mean for European football?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22388 | 5a360d7c788daf001a5f86d9 | Himachal_Pradesh | The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE. Tribes such as the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars, and Kirats inhabited the region from the prehistoric era. During the Vedic period, sever... | What tribes lived in the area that is now Janapada? | What tribes lived in the area that is now Janapada? | [
"What tribes lived in the area that is now Janapada?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93412 | 57313fb0497a881900248ce2 | Light-emitting_diode | The current–voltage characteristic of an LED is similar to other diodes, in that the current is dependent exponentially on the voltage (see Shockley diode equation). This means that a small change in voltage can cause a large change in current. If the applied voltage exceeds the LED's forward voltage drop by a small am... | What can cause a large change in current in LEDs? | What can cause a large change in current in LEDs? | [
"What can cause a large change in current in LEDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"a small change in voltage"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38469 | 5acd11c607355d001abf3333 | Materialism | Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philos... | What text did Madhavacharya quote from? | What text did Madhavacharya quote from? | [
"What text did Madhavacharya quote from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110356 | 572818dfff5b5019007d9d2b | Culture | Raimon Panikkar pointed out 29 ways in which cultural change can be brought about. Some of these are: growth, development, evolution, involution, renovation, reconception, reform, innovation, revivalism, revolution, mutation, progress, diffusion, osmosis, borrowing, eclecticism, syncretism, modernization, indigenizatio... | What is the term used to describe what Modernization could be similar or related to? | What is the term used to describe what Modernization could be similar or related to? | [
"What is the term used to describe what Modernization could be similar or related to?"
] | {
"text": [
"enlightenment"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75311 | 5ad14abb645df0001a2d15c8 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The "yo yo" in the opinion polls continued into 1992, though after November 1990 any Labour lead in the polls was rarely sufficient for a majority. Major resisted Kinnock's calls for a general election throughout 1991. Kinnock campaigned on the theme "It's Time for a Change", urging voters to elect a new government aft... | When did the Conservatives have a 14-point lead? | When did the Conservatives have a 14-point lead? | [
"When did the Conservatives have a 14-point lead?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62990 | 572b701cbe1ee31400cb838e | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from? | What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from? | [
"What was the high percentage of differing lexicons found to derive from?"
] | {
"text": [
"differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72370 | 57265dddf1498d1400e8dd5d | Greece | According to Der Spiegel credits given to European governments were disguised as "swaps" and consequently did not get registered as debt. As Eurostat at the time ignored statistics involving financial derivatives, a German derivatives dealer had commented to Der Spiegel that "The Maastricht rules can be circumvented qu... | What can legally be overcome with swaps? | What can legally be overcome with swaps? | [
"What can legally be overcome with swaps?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Maastricht rules"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31566 | 570d3e82fed7b91900d45d83 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | World War I demonstrated that aircraft could be an important part of the battlefield, but in some nations it was the prospect of strategic air attack that was the main issue, presenting both a threat and an opportunity. The experience of four years of air attacks on London by Zeppelins and Gotha G.V bombers had particu... | What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield? | What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield? | [
"What showed that aircraft could be a significant contribution to the battlefield?"
] | {
"text": [
"World War I"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60066 | 56f991dc9e9bad19000a0aea | Zhejiang | Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of ... | What type of residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural ones? | What type of residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural ones? | [
"What type of residents tend to be more fluent in Mandarin than rural ones?"
] | {
"text": [
"Urban"
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29658 | 5ad15cff645df0001a2d18b8 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Differences in feasts may also originate from doctrinal issues—the Feast of the Assumption is such an example. Given that there is no agreement among all Christians on the circumstances of the death, Dormition or Assumption of Mary, the feast of assumption is celebrated among some denominations and not others. While t... | When did Mary attend the Dormition of the Theotokos? | When did Mary attend the Dormition of the Theotokos? | [
"When did Mary attend the Dormition of the Theotokos?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84482 | 572fe604a23a5019007fcb01 | San_Diego | The state of California was admitted to the United States in 1850. That same year San Diego was designated the seat of the newly established San Diego County and was incorporated as a city. Joshua H. Bean, the last alcalde of San Diego, was elected the first mayor. Two years later the city was bankrupt; the California ... | When was San Diego's current charter adopted? | When was San Diego's current charter adopted? | [
"When was San Diego's current charter adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1931"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102171 | 5ad3a94e604f3c001a3feb13 | High-definition_television | Colour broadcasts started at similarly higher resolutions, first with the US NTSC color system in 1953, which was compatible with the earlier monochrome systems and therefore had the same 525 lines of resolution. European standards did not follow until the 1960s, when the PAL and SECAM color systems were added to the m... | How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts? | How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts? | [
"How many lines of resolution were the European color broadcasts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92207 | 5728ac5d2ca10214002da590 | Asthma | There is currently no precise test with the diagnosis typically based on the pattern of symptoms and response to therapy over time. A diagnosis of asthma should be suspected if there is a history of: recurrent wheezing, coughing or difficulty breathing and these symptoms occur or worsen due to exercise, viral infection... | What age is too young to use spirometry to determine asthma? | What age is too young to use spirometry to determine asthma? | [
"What age is too young to use spirometry to determine asthma?"
] | {
"text": [
"children under the age of six"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19247 | 572ff590947a6a140053ce7c | Premier_League | The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 diffe... | How many players have achieved 100 goals? | How many players have achieved 100 goals? | [
"How many players have achieved 100 goals?"
] | {
"text": [
"Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36339 | 5ace939432bba1001ae4aaaf | Printed_circuit_board | The cloth or fiber material used, resin material, and the cloth to resin ratio determine the laminate's type designation (FR-4, CEM-1, G-10, etc.) and therefore the characteristics of the laminate produced. Important characteristics are the level to which the laminate is fire retardant, the dielectric constant (er), th... | The Z-axis expansion coagulant is what? | The Z-axis expansion coagulant is what? | [
"The Z-axis expansion coagulant is what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24407 | 56df53138bc80c19004e4a92 | Lighting | Track lighting, invented by Lightolier, was popular at one period of time because it was much easier to install than recessed lighting, and individual fixtures are decorative and can be easily aimed at a wall. It has regained some popularity recently in low-voltage tracks, which often look nothing like their predecesso... | What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer. | What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer. | [
"What feeds all the fixtures in low voltage tracks instead of each light having a line-to-low voltage transformer."
] | {
"text": [
"master transformer"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53642 | 56e8272b37bdd419002c447d | Dialect | When talking about the German language, the term German dialects is only used for the traditional regional varieties. That allows them to be distinguished from the regional varieties of modern standard German. | What are traditional region varieties of German distinguished from? | What are traditional region varieties of German distinguished from? | [
"What are traditional region varieties of German distinguished from?"
] | {
"text": [
"the regional varieties of modern standard German"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108632 | 572c93972babe914003c2994 | Tennessee | Tourism contributes billions of dollars each year to the state's economy and Tennessee is ranked among the Top 10 destinations in the US. In 2014 a record 100 million people visited the state resulting in $17.7 billion in tourism related spending within the state, an increase of 6.3% over 2013; tax revenue from tourism... | How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014? | How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014? | [
"How much tax revenue did tourism generate for Tennessee in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"$1.5 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80524 | 57267b155951b619008f741c | Data_compression | In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the audio signal. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; speech coding, or voice coding, is sometimes distinguished as a separate discipline from audio com... | What is used for CD ripping? | What is used for CD ripping? | [
"What is used for CD ripping?"
] | {
"text": [
"audio compression"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67972 | 5730235ba23a5019007fce26 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ... | When was the College of Charles Towe founded? | When was the College of Charles Towe founded? | [
"When was the College of Charles Towe founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1770"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14092 | 56f8cc7b9e9bad19000a051f | Brain | The elaboration of the cerebral cortex carries with it changes to other brain areas. The superior colliculus, which plays a major role in visual control of behavior in most vertebrates, shrinks to a small size in mammals, and many of its functions are taken over by visual areas of the cerebral cortex. The cerebellum of... | The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what? | The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what? | [
"The larger part of the cerebellum in mammals is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"(the neocerebellum"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34569 | 56f8c4059b226e1400dd0f5a | Southampton | The city hockey club, Southampton Hockey Club, founded in 1938, is now one of the largest and highly regarded clubs in Hampshire, fielding 7 senior men's and 5 senior ladies teams on a weekly basis along with boys’ and girls’ teams from 6 upwards. | Weekly, how many senior ladies teams does Southampton Hockey Club field? | Weekly, how many senior ladies teams does Southampton Hockey Club field? | [
"Weekly, how many senior ladies teams does Southampton Hockey Club field?"
] | {
"text": [
"5"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74369 | 571b1d449499d21900609c14 | Asphalt | The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walte... | When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement? | When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement? | [
"When did Richard Tappin Claridge patent asphalt for use in pavement?"
] | {
"text": [
"25 November 1837"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8580 | 56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acf | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five mont... | What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled? | What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled? | [
"What was the name of the republic the Russian Provisional Goverment ruled?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Russian Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113756 | 5a56b6d26349e2001acdcf04 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | From 1946 to 1964 five Departments of State did the work of the modern Ministry of Defence: the Admiralty, the War Office, the Air Ministry, the Ministry of Aviation, and an earlier form of the Ministry of Defence. These departments merged in 1964; the defence functions of the Ministry of Aviation Supply merged into th... | What did the Ministry of Aviation Supply do from 1946 to 1964? | What did the Ministry of Aviation Supply do from 1946 to 1964? | [
"What did the Ministry of Aviation Supply do from 1946 to 1964?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9275 | 57326c5ae99e3014001e6797 | The_Bronx | Starting in the 1970s, the Bronx often symbolized violence, decay, and urban ruin. The wave of arson in the South Bronx in the 1960s and 1970s inspired the observation that "The Bronx is burning": in 1974 it was the title of both a New York Times editorial and a BBC documentary film. The line entered the pop-consciousn... | Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"? | Who published an editorial called "The Bronx is burning"? | [
"Who published an editorial called \"The Bronx is burning\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York Times"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-705 | 56df6adb5ca0a614008f99e3 | Plymouth | Plymouth is home to the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom (MBA) which conducts research in all areas of the marine sciences. The Plymouth Marine Laboratory is an offshoot of the MBA. Together with the National Marine Aquarium, the Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Sciences, Plymouth University's ... | What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth? | What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth? | [
"What marine facility is attached to the University of Plymouth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marine Institute"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31088 | 5709633fed30961900e84064 | Identity_(social_science) | Although the self is distinct from identity, the literature of self-psychology can offer some insight into how identity is maintained (Cote & Levin 2002, p. 24). From the vantage point of self-psychology, there are two areas of interest: the processes by which a self is formed (the "I"), and the actual content of the s... | What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept? | What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept? | [
"What have theorists shown interest in relating to the self-concept?"
] | {
"text": [
"self-esteem"
],
"answer_start": [
454
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13990 | 56de85214396321400ee29dd | BBC_Television | In 2008, the BBC began experimenting with live streaming of certain channels in the UK, and in November 2008, all standard BBC television channels were made available to watch online. | When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming? | When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming? | [
"When did the BBC start exploring the use of internet streaming?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64659 | 5733f808d058e614000b66b4 | Portugal | After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size,... | Why was the case of BPN more serious? | Why was the case of BPN more serious? | [
"Why was the case of BPN more serious?"
] | {
"text": [
"its size, market share, and the political implications"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104503 | 5ad23668d7d075001a428807 | Mandolin | Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected an... | What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of? | What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of? | [
" What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38294 | 5a7d219370df9f001a874fc4 | Neolithic | During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic ... | What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Eurasian Age? | What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Eurasian Age? | [
"What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Eurasian Age?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84982 | 5726cc31dd62a815002e9090 | Mali | Mali lies in the torrid zone and is among the hottest countries in the world. The thermal equator, which matches the hottest spots year-round on the planet based on the mean daily annual temperature, crosses the country. Most of Mali receives negligible rainfall and droughts are very frequent. Late June to early Decemb... | Mali is located in what Zone? | Mali is located in what Zone? | [
"Mali is located in what Zone?"
] | {
"text": [
"torrid"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100572 | 572e6570dfa6aa1500f8cffc | Post-punk | Nicholas Lezard described post-punk as "a fusion of art and music". The era saw the robust appropriation of ideas from literature, art, cinema, philosophy, politics and critical theory into musical and pop cultural contexts. Artists sought to refuse the common distinction between high and low culture and returned to th... | What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists? | What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists? | [
"What intellectual movement informed and influenced a variety of post-punk artists?"
] | {
"text": [
"postmodernism"
],
"answer_start": [
627
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106973 | 57344adb879d6814001ca4b9 | Hunting | From early Christian times, hunting has been forbidden to Roman Catholic Church clerics. Thus the Corpus Juris Canonici (C. ii, X, De cleric. venat.) says, "We forbid to all servants of God hunting and expeditions through the woods with hounds; and we also forbid them to keep hawks or falcons." The Fourth Council of th... | What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under? | What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under? | [
"What pope was the Fourth Council of the Lateran held under?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pope Innocent III"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11604 | 56fa01668f12f3190063005d | Somalis | In the classical era, several ancient city-states such as Opone, Essina, Sarapion, Nikon, Malao, Damo and Mosylon near Cape Guardafui, which competed with the Sabaeans, Parthians and Axumites for the wealthy Indo-Greco-Roman trade, also flourished in Somalia. | Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis? | Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis? | [
"Along with the Parthians and Axumites, who were the commercial competitors of the ancient Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sabaeans"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
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