gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-58712 | 572a9cdf111d821400f38c46 | Rajasthan | Modern Rajasthan includes most of Rajputana, which comprises the erstwhile nineteen princely states, two chiefships, and the British district of Ajmer-Merwara. Marwar (Jodhpur), Bikaner, Mewar (Chittorgarh), Alwar and Dhundhar (Jaipur) were some of the main Rajput princely states. Bharatpur and Dholpur were Jat princel... | What families rose to power in the 6th century? | What families rose to power in the 6th century? | [
"What families rose to power in the 6th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rajput families"
],
"answer_start": [
385
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33811 | 5a67d93ff038b7001ab0c496 | Film_speed | The noise-based speed is defined as the exposure that will lead to a given signal-to-noise ratio on individual pixels. Two ratios are used, the 40:1 ("excellent image quality") and the 10:1 ("acceptable image quality") ratio. These ratios have been subjectively determined based on a resolution of 70 pixels per cm (178 ... | What is the signal-to-noise ration? | What is the signal-to-noise ration? | [
"What is the signal-to-noise ration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63259 | 570970f4ed30961900e84146 | Grape | Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although the French tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red win... | What do people in France eat more of that in most western countries? | What do people in France eat more of that in most western countries? | [
"What do people in France eat more of that in most western countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"animal fat"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86964 | 570bd9e2ec8fbc190045bb7f | Biodiversity | From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: "It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human popu... | Who is the former chief scientific adviser to the UK government? | Who is the former chief scientific adviser to the UK government? | [
"Who is the former chief scientific adviser to the UK government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir David King"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12705 | 5ad31a2e604f3c001a3fdb6c | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinals have in canon law a "privilege of forum" (i.e., exemption from being judged by ecclesiastical tribunals of ordinary rank): only the pope is competent to judge them in matters subject to ecclesiastical jurisdiction (cases that refer to matters that are spiritual or linked with the spiritual, or with regard to ... | What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else? | What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else? | [
"What are cardinals not subject to like everybody else?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80826 | 5723d221f6b826140030fc95 | Queen_Victoria | Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointe... | How old was Gladstone when he returned to power? | How old was Gladstone when he returned to power? | [
"How old was Gladstone when he returned to power?"
] | {
"text": [
"82 years old"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82163 | 5726861f708984140094c8df | Pesticide | Many pesticides can be grouped into chemical families. Prominent insecticide families include organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates. Organochlorine hydrocarbons (e.g., DDT) could be separated into dichlorodiphenylethanes, cyclodiene compounds, and other related compounds. They operate by disrupting the sodi... | Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms? | Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms? | [
"Organophospates and carbamates cause which symptoms?"
] | {
"text": [
"weakness or paralysis"
],
"answer_start": [
770
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55629 | 5acfd9a577cf76001a6862d7 | Presbyterianism | In Canada, the largest Presbyterian denomination – and indeed the largest Protestant denomination – was the Presbyterian Church in Canada, formed in 1875 with the merger of four regional groups. In 1925, the United Church of Canada was formed by the majority of Presbyterians combining with the Methodist Church, Canada,... | Aside from the Congregational Union of Canada, which other church combined to form the United Church of Protestants? | Aside from the Congregational Union of Canada, which other church combined to form the United Church of Protestants? | [
"Aside from the Congregational Union of Canada, which other church combined to form the United Church of Protestants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84752 | 5ad4d70a5b96ef001a10a2da | San_Diego | The city is governed by a mayor and a 9-member city council. In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government. The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the le... | In what year did the city vote to change to a weak mayor government? | In what year did the city vote to change to a weak mayor government? | [
"In what year did the city vote to change to a weak mayor government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85090 | 5726e209f1498d1400e8ee9b | Mali | Malian musical traditions are derived from the griots, who are known as "Keepers of Memories". Malian music is diverse and has several different genres. Some famous Malian influences in music are kora virtuoso musician Toumani Diabaté, the late roots and blues guitarist Ali Farka Touré, the Tuareg band Tinariwen, and s... | What is the name of the musician that was a part of the roots and was also a blues guitarist? | What is the name of the musician that was a part of the roots and was also a blues guitarist? | [
"What is the name of the musician that was a part of the roots and was also a blues guitarist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ali Farka Touré"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67318 | 5709d4004103511400d5947a | Animal | Most animals indirectly use the energy of sunlight by eating plants or plant-eating animals. Most plants use light to convert inorganic molecules in their environment into carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other biomolecules, characteristically containing reduced carbon in the form of carbon-hydrogen bonds. Starting wi... | What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy? | What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy? | [
"What happens with the reduced carbon compounds in the food are broken down releasing stored solar energy?"
] | {
"text": [
"giving the animal the energy required for motion"
],
"answer_start": [
917
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38557 | 56deee36c65bf219000b3e37 | Materialism | An argument for idealism, such as those of Hegel and Berkeley, is ipso facto an argument against materialism. Matter can be argued to be redundant, as in bundle theory, and mind-independent properties can in turn be reduced to subjective percepts. Berkeley presents an example of the latter by pointing out that it is im... | If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what? | If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what? | [
"If you believe in idealism, you are disbeliving in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"materialism"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68023 | 5ad41d55604f3c001a4005c7 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | By 1820, Charleston's population had grown to 23,000, maintaining its black (and mostly slave) majority. When a massive slave revolt planned by Denmark Vesey, a free black, was revealed in May 1822, whites reacted with intense fear, as they were well aware of the violent retribution of slaves against whites during the ... | What wasn't planned by Denmark Vesey? | What wasn't planned by Denmark Vesey? | [
"What wasn't planned by Denmark Vesey?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50137 | 56fc88d898e8fc14001ea7d1 | Phonology | Different linguists therefore take different approaches to the problem of assigning sounds to phonemes. For example, they differ in the extent to which they require allophones to be phonetically similar. There are also differing ideas as to whether this grouping of sounds is purely a tool for linguistic analysis, or re... | What are assigned to phonemes by different linguists? | What are assigned to phonemes by different linguists? | [
"What are assigned to phonemes by different linguists?"
] | {
"text": [
"sounds"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82525 | 56e7692a00c9c71400d770df | Daylight_saving_time | Changing clocks and DST rules has a direct economic cost, entailing extra work to support remote meetings, computer applications and the like. For example, a 2007 North American rule change cost an estimated $500 million to $1 billion, and Utah State University economist William F. Shughart II has estimated the lost op... | Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes? | Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes? | [
"Who is the economist who said there was about $1.7 billion in lost opportunity costs because of the 2007 changes?"
] | {
"text": [
"William F. Shughart II"
],
"answer_start": [
272
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108969 | 5a7a53d021c2de001afe9b6a | Literature | As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the "literary" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries. Now, science appears mostly in journals. Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still exhibit great value, but ... | The literary nature of science writing has become more pronounced during what time period? | The literary nature of science writing has become more pronounced during what time period? | [
"The literary nature of science writing has become more pronounced during what time period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62376 | 5a6a69a5a9e0c9001a4e9df4 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 197... | What did Kerr argue? | What did Kerr argue? | [
"What did Kerr argue?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65814 | 5719cf3610f8ca1400304e70 | Seattle | War work again brought local prosperity during World War II, this time centered on Boeing aircraft. The war dispersed the city's numerous Japanese-American businessmen due to the Japanese American internment. After the war, the local economy dipped. It rose again with Boeing's growing dominance in the commercial airlin... | What national event during WWII left Seattle without Japanese businessmen? | What national event during WWII left Seattle without Japanese businessmen? | [
"What national event during WWII left Seattle without Japanese businessmen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japanese American internment"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3754 | 56be973d3aeaaa14008c9122 | Beyoncé | At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for "Halo", and Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. I... | In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer? | In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer? | [
"In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lady Gaga"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52408 | 5ad39adb604f3c001a3fe87b | Miami | In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts "Bike Miami", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. T... | What can travel on Downtown Miami streets during "Bike Miami"? | What can travel on Downtown Miami streets during "Bike Miami"? | [
"What can travel on Downtown Miami streets during \"Bike Miami\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42199 | 5ad2451ed7d075001a428a89 | Karl_Popper | Popper coined the term "critical rationalism" to describe his philosophy. Concerning the method of science, the term indicates his rejection of classical empiricism, and the classical observationalist-inductivist account of science that had grown out of it. Popper argued strongly against the latter, holding that scient... | What does critical rationalism embrace? | What does critical rationalism embrace? | [
"What does critical rationalism embrace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104124 | 57289c363acd2414000dfb57 | Mandolin | There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and a... | What are the four common styles of mandolins? | What are the four common styles of mandolins? | [
"What are the four common styles of mandolins?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin."
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83334 | 5ad24f24d7d075001a428c7e | Dominican_Order | In the revival movement France held a foremost place, owing to the reputation and convincing power of the orator, Jean-Baptiste Henri Lacordaire (1802–1861). He took the habit of a Friar Preacher at Rome (1839), and the province of France was canonically erected in 1850. From this province were detached the province of... | What country held a minor place in the revival movement? | What country held a minor place in the revival movement? | [
"What country held a minor place in the revival movement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57992 | 5ad41396604f3c001a400273 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | The strides that the Johnson presidency made in ensuring equal opportunity in the workforce were further picked up by his successor Nixon. In 1969 the Nixon administration initiated the "Philadelphia Order". It was regarded as the most forceful plan thus far to guarantee fair hiring practices in construction jobs. Phil... | Who held the position of Secretary of Labor? | Who held the position of Secretary of Labor? | [
"Who held the position of Secretary of Labor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46792 | 5a8c775dfd22b3001a8d885a | Textual_criticism | In the English language, the works of Shakespeare have been a particularly fertile ground for textual criticism—both because the texts, as transmitted, contain a considerable amount of variation, and because the effort and expense of producing superior editions of his works have always been widely viewed as worthwhile.... | It's too taboo to criticize the Torah, Qur'an, and what other religion? | It's too taboo to criticize the Torah, Qur'an, and what other religion? | [
"It's too taboo to criticize the Torah, Qur'an, and what other religion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3709 | 56d4bc642ccc5a1400d83191 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day was released on September 5, 2006, in the US, to coincide with her twenty-fifth birthday. It sold 541,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200, becoming Beyoncé's second consecutive number-one album in the United States. The album's lead single "Déjà Vu", featuri... | How many copies did B'Day sell during the first week of its release? | How many copies did B'Day sell during the first week of its release? | [
"How many copies did B'Day sell during the first week of its release?"
] | {
"text": [
"541,000"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87736 | 5729d8061d04691400779625 | IBM | IBM also holds the SmartCamp program globally. The program searches for fresh start-up companies that IBM can partner with to solve world problems. IBM holds 17 SmartCamp events around the world. Since July 2011, IBM has partnered with Pennies, the electronic charity box, and produced a software solution for IBM retail... | What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems? | What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems? | [
"What is the name of the program that IBM uses to search for new start-up companies to solve world problems?"
] | {
"text": [
"SmartCamp"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62911 | 5acd4df707355d001abf3c92 | Pain | Cultural barriers can also keep a person from telling someone they are in pain. Religious beliefs may prevent the individual from seeking help. They may feel certain pain treatment is against their religion. They may not report pain because they feel it is a sign that death is near. Many people fear the stigma of addic... | What are men expected to show while being emotional? | What are men expected to show while being emotional? | [
"What are men expected to show while being emotional?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45405 | 5a611dade9e1cc001a33cf46 | Sahara | An urban civilization, the Garamantes, arose around 500 BCE in the heart of the Sahara, in a valley that is now called the Wadi al-Ajal in Fezzan, Libya. The Garamantes achieved this development by digging tunnels far into the mountains flanking the valley to tap fossil water and bring it to their fields. The Garamante... | What caused the Roman civilization to collapse? | What caused the Roman civilization to collapse? | [
"What caused the Roman civilization to collapse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75993 | 56e0cb867aa994140058e701 | Web_browser | Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, b... | Opera is also available on which video game console? | Opera is also available on which video game console? | [
"Opera is also available on which video game console?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nintendo's Wii"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87235 | 5a1f6f6654a786001a36b2bf | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | Why are VRS services not in the United States? | Why are VRS services not in the United States? | [
"Why are VRS services not in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5821 | 5706b81c0eeca41400aa0d9b | House_music | In England, one of the few licensed venues The Eclipse attracted people from up and down the country as it was open until the early hours. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with "repetitive beats". There were a number of abortive "Kill... | who recorded the hit single "release the pressure"? | who recorded the hit single "release the pressure"? | [
"who recorded the hit single \"release the pressure\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leftfield"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85466 | 572820842ca10214002d9e7c | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt? | By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt? | [
"By 2012, how much did the ECB spend in covering bad debt?"
] | {
"text": [
"€212.1bn"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36860 | 5a84bb9a7cf838001a46aa80 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues. ... | Where does the President deliver addresses in diverse forums? | Where does the President deliver addresses in diverse forums? | [
"Where does the President deliver addresses in diverse forums?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35262 | 5726980cf1498d1400e8e496 | Gothic_architecture | At the end of the 12th century, Europe was divided into a multitude of city states and kingdoms. The area encompassing modern Germany, southern Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, Slovakia, Czech Republic and much of northern Italy (excluding Venice and Papal State) was nominally part o... | At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms? | At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms? | [
"At the end of what century was Europe separated into several city states and kingdoms?"
] | {
"text": [
"the end of the 12th century"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31321 | 5729483faf94a219006aa253 | Germans | The Napoleonic Wars were the cause of the final dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, and ultimately the cause for the quest for a German nation state in 19th-century German nationalism. After the Congress of Vienna, Austria and Prussia emerged as two competitors. Austria, trying to remain the dominant power in Central... | Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna? | Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna? | [
"Who led the way for the Congress of Vienna?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15902 | 5a830244e60761001a2eb2f2 | Infection | Another principal tool in the diagnosis of infectious disease is microscopy. Virtually all of the culture techniques discussed above rely, at some point, on microscopic examination for definitive identification of the infectious agent. Microscopy may be carried out with simple instruments, such as the compound light mi... | When is microscopy exquisitely useless? | When is microscopy exquisitely useless? | [
"When is microscopy exquisitely useless?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83573 | 5ad26a5bd7d075001a429311 | Dominican_Order | The center of all mystical experience is, of course, Christ. English Dominicans sought to gain a full knowledge of Christ through an imitation of His life. English mystics of all types tended to focus on the moral values that the events in Christ's life exemplified. This led to a "progressive understanding of the meani... | What is the least significant way to know Christ? | What is the least significant way to know Christ? | [
"What is the least significant way to know Christ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107468 | 5a62468ff8d794001af1bf23 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Traditionally, Shell was a heavily decentralised business worldwide (especially in the downstream) with companies in over 100 countries, each of which operated with a high degree of independence. The upstream tended to be far more centralised with much of the technical and financial direction coming from the central of... | How many countries were large exploration and production companies in? | How many countries were large exploration and production companies in? | [
"How many countries were large exploration and production companies in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38534 | 5acd192c07355d001abf34b7 | Materialism | Some modern day physicists and science writers—such as Paul Davies and John Gribbin—have argued that materialism has been disproven by certain scientific findings in physics, such as quantum mechanics and chaos theory. In 1991, Gribbin and Davies released their book The Matter Myth, the first chapter of which, "The Dea... | When was John Gribbin born? | When was John Gribbin born? | [
"When was John Gribbin born? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115938 | 5a8dd290df8bba001a0f9c82 | Richard_Feynman | Feynman has been called the "Great Explainer". He gained a reputation for taking great care when giving explanations to his students and for making it a moral duty to make the topic accessible. His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood. Feyn... | What did Feynman think were static and could never spin? | What did Feynman think were static and could never spin? | [
"What did Feynman think were static and could never spin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24866 | 56cfe931234ae51400d9c08a | New_York_City | The city's population in 2010 was 44% white (33.3% non-Hispanic white), 25.5% black (23% non-Hispanic black), 0.7% Native American, and 12.7% Asian. Hispanics of any race represented 28.6% of the population, while Asians constituted the fastest-growing segment of the city's population between 2000 and 2010; the non-His... | Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC? | Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC? | [
"Since what event did the first time black people decline in living in NYC?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Civil War"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40622 | 5ad691a8191832001aa7b242 | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | How many hundreds of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year? | How many hundreds of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year? | [
"How many hundreds of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108918 | 5a7a4d6417ab25001a8a04a4 | Literature | Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints and miraculous chronicles, but the most characteristic form of the Middle Ages was the romance, an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative with strong popular appeal. Controversial, religious, political and instruction... | Greek classic literature influenced what genre of literature? | Greek classic literature influenced what genre of literature? | [
"Greek classic literature influenced what genre of literature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42754 | 570d2a29b3d812140066d4c9 | Franco-Prussian_War | The German states proclaimed their union as the German Empire under the Prussian king, Wilhelm I, uniting Germany as a nation-state. The Treaty of Frankfurt of 10 May 1871 gave Germany most of Alsace and some parts of Lorraine, which became the Imperial territory of Alsace-Lorraine (Reichsland Elsaß-Lothringen).The Ger... | The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory? | The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory? | [
"The Treaty of Frankfurt gave Germany which Imperial territory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alsace-Lorraine"
],
"answer_start": [
267
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112807 | 5a70c2358abb0b001a676178 | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360's original graphical user interface was the Xbox 360 Dashboard; a tabbed interface that featured five "Blades" (formerly four blades), and was designed by AKQA and Audiobrain. It could be launched automatically when the console booted without a disc in it, or when the disc tray was ejected, but the user ha... | Who designed Xbox Live messaging? | Who designed Xbox Live messaging? | [
"Who designed Xbox Live messaging?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-337 | 56f956c89b226e1400dd1362 | Marshall_Islands | Captain John Charles Marshall and Thomas Gilbert visited the islands in 1788. The islands were named for Marshall on Western charts, although the natives have historically named their home "jolet jen Anij" (Gifts from God). Around 1820, Russian explorer Adam Johann von Krusenstern and the French explorer Louis Isidore ... | What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands? | What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands? | [
"What is the traditional name of the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"jolet jen Anij"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35373 | 5726ab90f1498d1400e8e6ac | Gothic_architecture | Suger, friend and confidant of the French Kings, Louis VI and Louis VII, decided in about 1137, to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis, attached to an abbey which was also a royal residence. He began with the West Front, reconstructing the original Carolingian façade with its single door. He designed the façade of ... | Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137? | Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137? | [
"Who chose to rebuild the great Church of Saint-Denis in about 1137?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suger"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76560 | 5a39a31e2f14dd001ac72501 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of sna... | How many restaurants in St. Barthelemy serve Creole cuisine? | How many restaurants in St. Barthelemy serve Creole cuisine? | [
"How many restaurants in St. Barthelemy serve Creole cuisine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22936 | 5735c0d8e853931400426b4b | Kathmandu | The Tribhuvan Museum contains artifacts related to the King Tribhuvan (1906–1955). It has a variety of pieces including his personal belongings, letters and papers, memorabilia related to events he was involved in and a rare collection of photos and paintings of Royal family members. The Mahendra Museum is dedicated to... | How many museums are in the Hanumandhoka Palace? | How many museums are in the Hanumandhoka Palace? | [
"How many museums are in the Hanumandhoka Palace?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114995 | 5a6b0a37a9e0c9001a4e9e94 | Wayback_Machine | In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. | What was closed for testing? | What was closed for testing? | [
"What was closed for testing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11864 | 56faedf8f34c681400b0c1c3 | Somalis | The peaceful introduction of Islam in the early medieval era of Somalia's history brought Islamic architectural influences from Arabia and Persia. This had the effect of stimulating a shift in construction from drystone and other related materials to coral stone, sundried bricks, and the widespread use of limestone in ... | During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia? | During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia? | [
"During what period was the Muslim faith introduced to Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"early medieval"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69707 | 5730245ca23a5019007fce41 | Windows_8 | Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Window... | What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 8 seem more personable? | What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 8 seem more personable? | [
"What is the name of the character Microsoft used to make Windows 8 seem more personable?"
] | {
"text": [
"Allison Brown"
],
"answer_start": [
753
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36300 | 572fe51904bcaa1900d76e62 | Printed_circuit_board | The first PCBs used through-hole technology, mounting electronic components by leads inserted through holes on one side of the board and soldered onto copper traces on the other side. Boards may be single-sided, with an unplated component side, or more compact double-sided boards, with components soldered on both sides... | For boards with two sides, to what angle are leads bent to in order to install them horizontally? | For boards with two sides, to what angle are leads bent to in order to install them horizontally? | [
"For boards with two sides, to what angle are leads bent to in order to install them horizontally?"
] | {
"text": [
"90 degrees"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6460 | 57281c802ca10214002d9e18 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 uses the Cell microprocessor, designed by Sony, Toshiba and IBM, as its CPU, which is made up of one 3.2 GHz PowerPC-based "Power Processing Element" (PPE) and eight Synergistic Processing Elements (SPEs). The eighth SPE is disabled to improve chip yields. Only six of the seven SPEs are accessible to deve... | What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3? | What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3? | [
"What function is the NVIDIA RSX responsible for in a PlayStation 3?"
] | {
"text": [
"Graphics processing"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47130 | 5726a9e9708984140094cd42 | Madonna_(entertainer) | In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album "sound[s] as if it comes from the heart". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 1... | Who was the album True Blue dedicated to? | Who was the album True Blue dedicated to? | [
"Who was the album True Blue dedicated to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sean Penn"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112395 | 572946336aef051400154c45 | Race_(human_categorization) | Abu el-Haj argues that genomics and the mapping of lineages and clusters liberates "the new racial science from the older one by disentangling ancestry from culture and capacity."[citation needed] As an example, she refers to recent work by Hammer et al., which aimed to test the claim that present-day Jews are more clo... | What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of? | What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of? | [
"What was suggested the reason for the degree of genetic shift among Jews was the result of?"
] | {
"text": [
"natural selection acting on particular loci"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41302 | 5731e8aae99e3014001e63c9 | Egypt | Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide var... | What are some examples of Ages in Egypt? | What are some examples of Ages in Egypt? | [
"What are some examples of Ages in Egypt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33614 | 5a67848df038b7001ab0c269 | Film_speed | The system was later extended to cover larger ranges and some of its practical shortcomings were addressed by the Austrian scientist Josef Maria Eder (1855–1944) and Flemish-born botanist Walter Hecht (de) (1896–1960), (who, in 1919/1920, jointly developed their Eder–Hecht neutral wedge sensitometer measuring emulsion ... | What made comparability a more common option? | What made comparability a more common option? | [
"What made comparability a more common option?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48762 | 57195a23010c361400c56d90 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Saint Athanasius of Alexandria (/ˌæθəˈneɪʃəs/; Greek: Ἀθανάσιος Ἀλεξανδρείας, Athanásios Alexandrías; c. 296–298 – 2 May 373), also called Athanasius the Great, Athanasius the Confessor or, primarily in the Coptic Orthodox Church, Athanasius the Apostolic, was the twentieth bishop of Alexandria (as Athanasius I). His e... | What was one nickname for Saint Athanasius of Alexandria? | What was one nickname for Saint Athanasius of Alexandria? | [
"What was one nickname for Saint Athanasius of Alexandria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Athanasius the Great"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10300 | 56de418fcffd8e1900b4b71f | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | What kinds of amensalism are there? | What kinds of amensalism are there? | [
"What kinds of amensalism are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"competition and antibiosis"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2877 | 5acd915107355d001abf474e | British_Isles | Few species of reptiles or amphibians are found in Great Britain or Ireland. Only three snakes are native to Great Britain: the common European adder, the grass snake and the smooth snake; none are native to Ireland. In general, Great Britain has slightly more variation and native wild life, with weasels, polecats, wil... | Which four snakes are native to Ireland? | Which four snakes are native to Ireland? | [
"Which four snakes are native to Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64734 | 57340e1cd058e614000b68b1 | Portugal | Continental Portugal's 89,015 km2 (34,369 sq mi) territory is serviced by four international airports located near the principal cities of Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja. Lisbon's geographical position makes it a stopover for many foreign airlines at several airports within the country. The primary flag-carrier is TAP Po... | Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located? | Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located? | [
"Near what cities are the Portuguese airports located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lisbon, Porto, Faro and Beja"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2038 | 570b59d76b8089140040f8b1 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | After the Civil War, population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds heightened military tensions on the Great Plains. Several tribes, especially the Sioux and Comanche, fiercely resisted confinement to reservations. The main role of the Army was to keep indigenous peoples on res... | What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the western plains after the Civil War? | What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the western plains after the Civil War? | [
"What caused a spike in difficulties between settlers and indigenous peoples on the western plains after the Civil War?"
] | {
"text": [
"population expansion, railroad construction, and the disappearance of the buffalo herds"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111927 | 57278d495951b619008f8d46 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | In the United States, botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version, but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin. Darwin was delighted by the... | How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species? | How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species? | [
"How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species?"
] | {
"text": [
"a 5% royalty"
],
"answer_start": [
407
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103516 | 5ad2cc20d7d075001a42a299 | Multiracial_American | Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some e... | What is the latest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas? | What is the latest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas? | [
"What is the latest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46929 | 572792ee708984140094e149 | Textual_criticism | By 1939, in his Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare, McKerrow had changed his mind about this approach, as he feared that a later edition – even if it contained authorial corrections – would "deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript." He therefore concluded that the correct p... | What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method? | What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method? | [
"What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method?"
] | {
"text": [
"we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints"
],
"answer_start": [
702
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62088 | 572669f2f1498d1400e8def0 | Chicago_Cubs | The team's commitment to contend was complete when Green made a midseason deal on June 15 to shore up the starting rotation due to injuries to Rick Reuschel (5–5) and Sanderson. The deal brought 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher Rick Sutcliffe from the Cleveland Indians. Joe Carter (who was with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs... | Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher? | Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher? | [
"Who was the 1979 NL Rookie of the Year pitcher?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rick Sutcliffe"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61011 | 5732a13acc179a14009daba4 | Police | Colquhoun's utilitarian approach to the problem – using a cost-benefit argument to obtain support from businesses standing to benefit – allowed him to achieve what Henry and John Fielding failed for their Bow Street detectives. Unlike the stipendiary system at Bow Street, the river police were full-time, salaried offic... | Who started the Bow Street detectives? | Who started the Bow Street detectives? | [
"Who started the Bow Street detectives?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry and John Fielding"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45263 | 5728c2302ca10214002da72c | Sahara | The effects of local surface low pressure are extremely limited because upper-level subsidence still continues to block any form of air ascent. Also, to be protected against rain-bearing weather systems by the atmospheric circulation itself, the desert is made even drier by his geographical configuration and location. ... | What is blocked due to local surface low pressure? | What is blocked due to local surface low pressure? | [
"What is blocked due to local surface low pressure?"
] | {
"text": [
"air ascent"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86684 | 5a78c11bb73996001af5b08f | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The overcrowded conditions of the library was one of the reasons why the RIBA moved from 9 Conduit Street to larger premises at 66 Portland Place in 1934. The library remained open throughout World War Two and was able to shelter the archives of Modernist architect Adolf Loos during the war. | Where did RIBA name its library? | Where did RIBA name its library? | [
"Where did RIBA name its library?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68542 | 5a2f52b2a83784001a7d2706 | Mesozoic | The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than to... | Lower levels of carbon dioxide caused what? | Lower levels of carbon dioxide caused what? | [
"Lower levels of carbon dioxide caused what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77658 | 57267897dd62a815002e8636 | British_Empire | The Dutch East India Company had founded the Cape Colony on the southern tip of Africa in 1652 as a way station for its ships travelling to and from its colonies in the East Indies. Britain formally acquired the colony, and its large Afrikaner (or Boer) population in 1806, having occupied it in 1795 to prevent its fall... | When did Britain formally acquire the Cape Colony? | When did Britain formally acquire the Cape Colony? | [
"When did Britain formally acquire the Cape Colony?"
] | {
"text": [
"1806"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42890 | 570d62aab3d812140066d7c2 | Franco-Prussian_War | A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po... | The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border? | The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border? | [
"The new plan called for which army to remain in a defensive grouping at the German border?"
] | {
"text": [
"Army of the Rhine"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44933 | 56df11de3277331400b4d933 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony Music Entertainment Inc. (sometimes known as Sony Music or by the initials, SME) is an American music corporation managed and operated by Sony Corporation of America (SCA), a subsidiary of Japanese conglomerate Sony Corporation. In 1929, the enterprise was first founded as American Record Corporation (ARC) and, in... | What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc? | What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc? | [
"What was the first name of Sony Music Entertainment, Inc?"
] | {
"text": [
"American Record Corporation"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104864 | 57337343d058e614000b5b32 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | This meant that nearly one-third of the U.S. lending mechanism was frozen and continued to be frozen into June 2009. According to the Brookings Institution, the traditional banking system does not have the capital to close this gap as of June 2009: "It would take a number of years of strong profits to generate sufficie... | What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism? | What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism? | [
"What institution reported that the traditional banking systems does not have the capital to close the gap in the lending mechanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brookings Institution"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37187 | 572788bf5951b619008f8ca3 | Switzerland | Extending across the north and south side of the Alps in west-central Europe, Switzerland encompasses a great diversity of landscapes and climates on a limited area of 41,285 square kilometres (15,940 sq mi). The population is about 8 million, resulting in an average population density of around 195 people per square k... | What is the population density of the largest Canton of Graubunden, located in the Alps? | What is the population density of the largest Canton of Graubunden, located in the Alps? | [
"What is the population density of the largest Canton of Graubunden, located in the Alps?"
] | {
"text": [
"27 /km² (70 /sq mi)"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112722 | 5a70ba5a8abb0b001a6760e5 | Xbox_360 | At launch, the Xbox 360 was available in two configurations: the "Xbox 360" package (unofficially known as the 20 GB Pro or Premium), priced at US$399 or GB£279.99, and the "Xbox 360 Core", priced at US$299 and GB£209.99. The original shipment of the Xbox 360 version included a cut-down version of the Media Remote as a... | What replaced the Arcade package? | What replaced the Arcade package? | [
"What replaced the Arcade package?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72867 | 5ad36236604f3c001a3fdf85 | Dell | In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal com... | What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in selling Dell? | What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in selling Dell? | [
"What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in selling Dell?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49963 | 56ce4b8baab44d1400b8867e | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | When an ally of the Ü-Tsang ruler threatened destruction of the Gelugpas again, the fifth Dalai Lama Lozang Gyatso pleaded for help from the Mongol prince Güshi Khan (1582–1655), leader of the Khoshut (Qoshot) tribe of the Oirat Mongols, who was then on a pilgrimage to Lhasa. Güshi Khan accepted his role as protector, ... | When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender? | When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender? | [
"When did the Ü-Tsang forces surrender?"
] | {
"text": [
"1642"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86313 | 570c0ad6ec8fbc190045bc2b | Gymnastics | According to FIG rules, only women compete in rhythmic gymnastics. This is a sport that combines elements of ballet, gymnastics, dance, and apparatus manipulation. The sport involves the performance of five separate routines with the use of five apparatus; ball, ribbon, hoop, clubs, rope—on a floor area, with a much gr... | Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics? | Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics? | [
"Which is more focused on, aesthetics or acrobatics?"
] | {
"text": [
"aesthetic"
],
"answer_start": [
342
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11725 | 56fae0a58f12f3190063021d | Somalis | An estimated 20,000 Somalis emigrated to the U.S. state of Minnesota some ten years ago and the Twin Cities (Minneapolis and Saint Paul) now have the highest population of Somalis in North America. The city of Minneapolis hosts hundreds of Somali-owned and operated businesses offering a variety of products, including l... | What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis? | What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis? | [
"What sort of meat is sold in Somali businesses in Minneapolis?"
] | {
"text": [
"halal"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22521 | 57096ba1ed30961900e840e0 | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most common... | Himachal is? | Himachal is? | [
"Himachal is?"
] | {
"text": [
"multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32155 | 5728fb4caf94a219006a9ebf | Myanmar | The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420. This figure includes an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in the... | How many people in Burma are currently using a work visa for Thailand? | How many people in Burma are currently using a work visa for Thailand? | [
"How many people in Burma are currently using a work visa for Thailand?"
] | {
"text": [
"600,000 registered migrant workers from Myanmar in Thailand"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103624 | 5a3bedd8cc5d22001a521c2c | East_Prussia | Although Brandenburg was a part of the Holy Roman Empire, the Prussian lands were not within the Holy Roman Empire and were with the administration by the Teutonic Order grandmasters under jurisdiction of the Emperor. In return for supporting Emperor Leopold I in the War of the Spanish Succession, Elector Frederick III... | Who was one of the Teutonic Order grandmasters? | Who was one of the Teutonic Order grandmasters? | [
"Who was one of the Teutonic Order grandmasters?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32781 | 57280b994b864d19001642fd | Central_African_Republic | In 1920 French Equatorial Africa was established and Ubangi-Shari was administered from Brazzaville. During the 1920s and 1930s the French introduced a policy of mandatory cotton cultivation, a network of roads was built, attempts were made to combat sleeping sickness and Protestant missions were established to spread ... | Where was Equatorial African ran from? | Where was Equatorial African ran from? | [
"Where was Equatorial African ran from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazzaville"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71908 | 572704df5951b619008f84ae | Capacitor | For air dielectric capacitors the breakdown field strength is of the order 2 to 5 MV/m; for mica the breakdown is 100 to 300 MV/m; for oil, 15 to 25 MV/m; it can be much less when other materials are used for the dielectric. The dielectric is used in very thin layers and so absolute breakdown voltage of capacitors is l... | Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors? | Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors? | [
"Of what order is the breakdown field strength for mica dielectric capacitors?"
] | {
"text": [
"100 to 300 MV/m"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25471 | 5acfa8be77cf76001a685776 | Namibia | Namibia extends from 17°S to 25°S: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, arid is the overall climate description descending from the Sub-Humid (mean rain above 500 mm) through Semi-Arid between 300 and 500 mm (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid from 150 to 300 mm (these three re... | At what coordinate is Warmbad? | At what coordinate is Warmbad? | [
"At what coordinate is Warmbad?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80154 | 5726c63ddd62a815002e8fec | Samoa | The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces... | What is copra? | What is copra? | [
"What is copra?"
] | {
"text": [
"dried coconut meat"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114346 | 5726b718708984140094cec3 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | The main party leaders, David Cameron, Nick Clegg and Ed Miliband, were all depicted holding a copy of the special issue in publicity material. Miliband's decision to pose with a copy of The Sun received a strong response. Organisations representing the relatives of Hillsborough victims described Miliband's action as a... | What emotion did many people feel over The Sun's coverage of Hillsborough? | What emotion did many people feel over The Sun's coverage of Hillsborough? | [
"What emotion did many people feel over The Sun's coverage of Hillsborough?"
] | {
"text": [
"anger"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15582 | 5707111d90286e26004fc89c | Black_people | By the 2000 census, demographic changes including the end to slavery, immigration from Europe and Asia, assimilation of multiracial persons, and other factors resulted in a population in which 6.2% of the population identified as black, 40% as pardo, and 55% as white. Essentially most of the black population was absorb... | How much identified as mixed race? | How much identified as mixed race? | [
"How much identified as mixed race?"
] | {
"text": [
"40%"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71270 | 56e79feb00c9c71400d7740d | University_of_Kansas | KU Endowment was established in 1891 as America’s first foundation for a public university. Its mission is to partner with donors in providing philanthropic support to build a greater University of Kansas. | To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with? | To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with? | [
"To whom does the KU Endowment seek to connect with?"
] | {
"text": [
"donors"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104989 | 57295b78af94a219006aa312 | Palermo | During 734 BC the Phoenicians, a sea trading people from the north of ancient Canaan, built a small settlement on the natural harbor of Palermo. Some sources suggest they named the settlement "Ziz." It became one of the three main Phoenician colonies of Sicily, along with Motya and Soluntum. However, the remains of the... | Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians | Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians | [
"Besides Ziz, what other two major settlements belonged to the Phoenicians"
] | {
"text": [
"Motya and Soluntum"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43555 | 5726cc17708984140094d19c | Korean_War | In a series of emergency meetings that lasted from 2–5 October, Chinese leaders debated whether to send Chinese troops into Korea. There was considerable resistance among many leaders, including senior military leaders, to confronting the U.S. in Korea. Mao strongly supported intervention, and Zhou was one of the few C... | Who was a proponent for intervening in Korea? | Who was a proponent for intervening in Korea? | [
"Who was a proponent for intervening in Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mao"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98298 | 56f89f569b226e1400dd0ce2 | Alps | Major European rivers flow from Switzerland, such as the Rhine, the Rhone, the Inn, the Ticino and the Po, all of which have headwaters in the Alps and flow into neighbouring countries, finally emptying into the North Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Adriatic Sea and the Black Sea. Other rivers such as the Danube have m... | What does The Rhone begin as? | What does The Rhone begin as? | [
"What does The Rhone begin as?"
] | {
"text": [
"glacial meltwater"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55609 | 57268696f1498d1400e8e2bd | Presbyterianism | Other Presbyterian bodies in the United States include the Reformed Presbyterian Church of North America (RPCNA), the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church (ARP), the Reformed Presbyterian Church in the United States (RPCUS), the Reformed Presbyterian Church General Assembly, the Reformed Presbyterian Church – Hanover... | What is the name of the Asian Presbyterian Church in the United States? | What is the name of the Asian Presbyterian Church in the United States? | [
"What is the name of the Asian Presbyterian Church in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"Korean American Presbyterian Church"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1543 | 573172d505b4da19006bd1ae | Mosaic | The Abbot of Monte Cassino, Desiderius sent envoys to Constantinople some time after 1066 to hire expert Byzantine mosaicists for the decoration of the rebuilt abbey church. According to chronicler Leo of Ostia the Greek artists decorated the apse, the arch and the vestibule of the basilica. Their work was admired by c... | Who hired Byzantine experts to decorate a rebuilt abbey church? | Who hired Byzantine experts to decorate a rebuilt abbey church? | [
"Who hired Byzantine experts to decorate a rebuilt abbey church?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Abbot of Monte Cassino"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107826 | 571aa4fa4faf5e1900b8aba4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The final son of Abd al-Malik to become caliph was Hisham (724–43), whose long and eventful reign was above all marked by the curtailment of military expansion. Hisham established his court at Resafa in northern Syria, which was closer to the Byzantine border than Damascus, and resumed hostilities against the Byzantine... | Where did Hisham base his court? | Where did Hisham base his court? | [
"Where did Hisham base his court?"
] | {
"text": [
"Resafa"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60289 | 572fd9b4a23a5019007fca8a | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Olin has a network of more than 16,000 alumni worldwide. Over the last several years, the school’s endowment has increased to $213 million (2004) and annual gifts average $12 million per year.[citation needed] Simon Hall was opened in 1986 after a donation from John E. Simon. On May 2, 2014, the $90 million conjoined K... | What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004? | What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004? | [
"What is the amount of Olin Business School's endowment as of 2004?"
] | {
"text": [
"$213 million"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98768 | 5a5aa93c9c0277001abe7143 | Heresy | The term heresy is from Greek αἵρεσις originally meant "choice" or "thing chosen", but it came to mean the "party or school of a man's choice" and also referred to that process whereby a young person would examine various philosophies to determine how to live. The word "heresy" is usually used within a Christian, Jewis... | Whhat is the sudy of how to live? | Whhat is the sudy of how to live? | [
"Whhat is the sudy of how to live?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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