gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-31783 | 570d9d71df2f5219002ed049 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 mega... | How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun? | How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun? | [
"How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50867 | 572ebd11c246551400ce45c2 | Seven_Years%27_War | Britain had been surprised by the sudden Prussian offensive but now began shipping supplies and ₤670,000 (equivalent to ₤89.9 million in 2015) to its new ally. A combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover from French invasion, under the command of the Duke of Cumberland. The ... | How did Britain Protect Hanover? | How did Britain Protect Hanover? | [
"How did Britain Protect Hanover?"
] | {
"text": [
"combined force of allied German states was organised by the British to protect Hanover"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10172 | 56ddd7499a695914005b9607 | Symbiosis | Symbiosis (from Greek σύν "together" and βίωσις "living") is close and often long-term interaction between two different biological species. In 1877 Albert Bernhard Frank used the word symbiosis (which previously had been used to depict people living together in community) to describe the mutualistic relationship in li... | What type of organism did Frank apply the term "symbiosis" to? | What type of organism did Frank apply the term "symbiosis" to? | [
"What type of organism did Frank apply the term \"symbiosis\" to?"
] | {
"text": [
"lichens"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29443 | 5a56941d6349e2001acdce52 | Swaziland | The Swazi economy is very closely linked to the economy of South Africa, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports. Swaziland's other key trading partners are the United States and the EU, from whom the country has received trade preferences for apparel exports (under... | What act gives the US and EU trade preference with Swaziland? | What act gives the US and EU trade preference with Swaziland? | [
"What act gives the US and EU trade preference with Swaziland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107793 | 5acfb5d677cf76001a6859da | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase? | When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase? | [
"When did the central power of the Umayyad rulers increase?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63517 | 57261a80ec44d21400f3d8eb | Buckingham_Palace | When paying a state visit to Britain, foreign heads of state are usually entertained by the Queen at Buckingham Palace. They are allocated a large suite of rooms known as the Belgian Suite, situated at the foot of the Minister's Staircase, on the ground floor of the north-facing Garden Wing. The rooms of the suite are ... | The saucer domes are in whose style? | The saucer domes are in whose style? | [
"The saucer domes are in whose style?"
] | {
"text": [
"the style of Soane"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28695 | 572e8fbbdfa6aa1500f8d140 | Canadian_football | During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down r... | Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations? | Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations? | [
"Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?"
] | {
"text": [
"referee"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86878 | 570bd233ec8fbc190045bb29 | Biodiversity | Endemic species can be threatened with extinction through the process of genetic pollution, i.e. uncontrolled hybridization, introgression and genetic swamping. Genetic pollution leads to homogenization or replacement of local genomes as a result of either a numerical and/or fitness advantage of an introduced species. ... | What are another names for genetic pollution? | What are another names for genetic pollution? | [
"What are another names for genetic pollution?"
] | {
"text": [
"uncontrolled hybridization, introgression and genetic swamping"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86282 | 57344401879d6814001ca431 | Tucson,_Arizona | Perhaps the biggest sustainability problem in Tucson, with its high desert climate, is potable water supply. The state manages all water in Arizona through its Arizona Department of Water Resources (ADWR). The primary consumer of water is Agriculture (including golf courses), which consumes about 69% of all water. Muni... | What agency manages Tucson's water? | What agency manages Tucson's water? | [
"What agency manages Tucson's water?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arizona Department of Water Resources"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48780 | 57195a28c0b6ea1900a093d5 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficu... | In what year was Athanasius consecrated? | In what year was Athanasius consecrated? | [
"In what year was Athanasius consecrated?"
] | {
"text": [
"326"
],
"answer_start": [
591
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68795 | 572f1534c246551400ce4895 | Modern_history | The American Revolution begun with fighting at Lexington and Concord. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that draf... | What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776? | What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776? | [
"What position was Ben Franklin appointed in 1776?"
] | {
"text": [
"member of the Committee of Five that drafted the Declaration of Independence."
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89418 | 5a14e307a54d4200185293b1 | Great_power | Milena Sterio, American expert of international law, includes the former axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and India among the great powers along with the permanent members of the UNSC. She considers Germany, Japan and Italy to be great powers due to their G7 membership and because of their influence in regional a... | What permanent member of the UNSC is considered the least of the great powers? | What permanent member of the UNSC is considered the least of the great powers? | [
"What permanent member of the UNSC is considered the least of the great powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17794 | 56cf5710aab44d1400b89063 | Spectre_(2015_film) | During the December 2014 press conference announcing the start of filming, Aston Martin and Eon unveiled the new DB10 as the official car for the film. The DB10 was designed in collaboration between Aston Martin and the filmmakers, with only 10 being produced especially for Spectre as a celebration of the 50th annivers... | What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? | What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix? | [
"What logo did the Williams race team have on their cars for the 2015 Mexican Grand Prix?"
] | {
"text": [
"007"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92791 | 5a6fe7e38abb0b001a676037 | Alsace | The constitution of the Fifth Republic states that French alone is the official language of the Republic. However, Alsatian, along with other regional languages, are recognized by the French government in the official list of languages of France. A 1999 INSEE survey counted 548,000 adult speakers of Alsatian in France,... | What states that Alsatian is the official language? | What states that Alsatian is the official language? | [
"What states that Alsatian is the official language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79466 | 5730f58e05b4da19006bcc99 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | When Rurik past away, who took over? | When Rurik past away, who took over? | [
"When Rurik past away, who took over?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prince Oleg"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73216 | 56d3733e59d6e41400146412 | American_Idol | Much media attention on the season had been focused on the three black singers, Fantasia Barrino, LaToya London, and Jennifer Hudson, dubbed the Three Divas. All three unexpectedly landed on the bottom three on the top seven result show, with Hudson controversially eliminated. Elton John, who was one of the mentors tha... | Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven? | Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven? | [
"Which contestant was eliminated during the week of the top seven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jennifer Hudson"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113013 | 570d80ccb3d812140066da0d | Adolescence | In females, changes in the primary sex characteristics involve growth of the uterus, vagina, and other aspects of the reproductive system. Menarche, the beginning of menstruation, is a relatively late development which follows a long series of hormonal changes. Generally, a girl is not fully fertile until several years... | What term is the beginning of menstruation given? | What term is the beginning of menstruation given? | [
"What term is the beginning of menstruation given?"
] | {
"text": [
"Menarche"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109386 | 5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed9 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | What did Henry III do with the United Provinces after William of Orange was assassinated? | What did Henry III do with the United Provinces after William of Orange was assassinated? | [
"What did Henry III do with the United Provinces after William of Orange was assassinated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79835 | 57062f6975f01819005e7a5b | MP3 | Unauthorized MP3 file sharing continues on next-generation peer-to-peer networks. Some authorized services, such as Beatport, Bleep, Juno Records, eMusic, Zune Marketplace, Walmart.com, Rhapsody, the recording industry approved re-incarnation of Napster, and Amazon.com sell unrestricted music in the MP3 format. | Which format is used by the companies that sell the music legally? | Which format is used by the companies that sell the music legally? | [
"Which format is used by the companies that sell the music legally?"
] | {
"text": [
"MP3"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93804 | 5728da2b2ca10214002da98f | Estonia | Basketball is also a notable sport in Estonia. Estonia national basketball team previously participated in 1936 Summer Olympics, appeared in EuroBasket four times. Estonia national team also qualified to EuroBasket 2015, which will be held in Ukraine. BC Kalev/Cramo, which participates in EuroCup, is the most recent Ko... | What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia? | What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia? | [
"What is the name of second best basketball club in Estonia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tartu Ülikool/Rock"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10140 | 572841242ca10214002da1a2 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din... | To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal? | To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal? | [
"To what did critics attribute Nasser's popular appeal?"
] | {
"text": [
"successful manipulation and demagoguery"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34452 | 56f89fe89e9bad19000a01fb | Southampton | At the 2001 Census, 92.4 per cent of the city's populace was White—including one per cent White Irish—3.8 per cent were South Asian, 1.0 per cent Black, 1.3 per cent Chinese or other ethnic groups, and 1.5 per cent were of Mixed Race. | According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton? | According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton? | [
"According to the 2001 Census, what race comprises 3.8% of people living in Southampton?"
] | {
"text": [
"South Asian"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64728 | 57340d8cd058e614000b68a7 | Portugal | By the early 1970s Portugal's fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles set the priority for improvements in transportation. Again in the 1990s, after joining the European Economic Community, the country built many new motorways. Today, the country has a 68,732 km (42,708 mi) road... | What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's? | What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's? | [
"What prompted transportation improvements in Portugal in the 1970's?"
] | {
"text": [
"fast economic growth with increasing consumption and purchase of new automobiles"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55338 | 5727e0212ca10214002d9890 | Baptists | Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus; the Trinity; the need for salvation (through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God, his death and resurrection, and confession of Christ as Lord); grace; t... | Beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus are examples of what? | Beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus are examples of what? | [
"Beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus are examples of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shared doctrines"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42495 | 570ff9f3b654c5140001f70d | Sexual_orientation | No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation. These include the American Psychiatric Association, American ... | What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs? | What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs? | [
"What are some professional associations that do not offer changing sexual orientation programs?"
] | {
"text": [
"the American Psychiatric Association, American Psychological Association, American Counseling Association,"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77049 | 57268e0ff1498d1400e8e3a7 | Dutch_language | Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid... | What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form? | What's the Dutch word for "seahorse" that has no non-diminutive form? | [
"What's the Dutch word for \"seahorse\" that has no non-diminutive form?"
] | {
"text": [
"zeepaardje"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101028 | 5a5e5b755bc9f4001a75af3d | Hindu_philosophy | Advaita literally means "not two, sole, unity". It is a sub-school of Vedanta, and asserts spiritual and universal non-dualism. Its metaphysics is a form of absolute monism, that is all ultimate reality is interconnected oneness. This is the oldest and most widely acknowledged Vedantic school. The foundational texts of... | What is the name of the author of the Vedantic scriptures? | What is the name of the author of the Vedantic scriptures? | [
"What is the name of the author of the Vedantic scriptures?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90032 | 5acf7cfc77cf76001a684f55 | Somerset | Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people. Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton. The town of Glastonbury has mythical associations, including leg... | In what year was the first annual open-air rock festival near Pilton? | In what year was the first annual open-air rock festival near Pilton? | [
"In what year was the first annual open-air rock festival near Pilton?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1017 | 572eb52fc246551400ce453e | Endangered_Species_Act | The question to be answered is whether a listed species will be harmed by the action and, if so, how the harm can be minimized. If harm cannot be avoided, the project agency can seek an exemption from the Endangered Species Committee, an ad hoc panel composed of members from the executive branch and at least one appoin... | How many members are on the ad hoc panel that allows project exemptions for cases where a species may harmed? | How many members are on the ad hoc panel that allows project exemptions for cases where a species may harmed? | [
"How many members are on the ad hoc panel that allows project exemptions for cases where a species may harmed?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83962 | 5730612b396df919000960c9 | Translation | Translation of material into Arabic expanded after the creation of Arabic script in the 5th century, and gained great importance with the rise of Islam and Islamic empires. Arab translation initially focused primarily on politics, rendering Persian, Greek, even Chinese and Indic diplomatic materials into Arabic. It lat... | What cultures' classical works were later translated into Arabic? | What cultures' classical works were later translated into Arabic? | [
"What cultures' classical works were later translated into Arabic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek and Persian"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4689 | 5a61447ae9e1cc001a33d02f | Pope_John_XXIII | The 50th anniversary of his death was celebrated on 3 June 2013 by Pope Francis, who visited his tomb and prayed there, then addressing the gathered crowd and spoke about the late pope. The people that gathered there at the tomb were from Bergamo, the province where the late pope came from. A month later, on 5 July 201... | Where is Pope Francis originally from? | Where is Pope Francis originally from? | [
"Where is Pope Francis originally from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53725 | 56e8307b00c9c71400d7761b | Dialect | Italians in different regions today may also speak regional varieties of standard Italian, or regional Italian dialects, which, unlike the majority of languages of Italy, are actually dialects of standard Italian rather than separate languages. A regional Italian dialect is generally standard Italian that has been heav... | Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language? | Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language? | [
"Regional Italian dialects are often influenced by regional languages and what other language?"
] | {
"text": [
"standard Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19194 | 5733f875d058e614000b66bd | Premier_League | At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the... | By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland? | By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland? | [
"By 2004-05, what percentage of players in the Premier League were from outside the UK and Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"45"
],
"answer_start": [
345
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14565 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fa | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics? | During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics? | [
"During which decade did Whitehead's focus start shifting away from mathematics?"
] | {
"text": [
"1910s"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60049 | 5acfc52077cf76001a685e1b | Zhejiang | Islam arrived 1,400 years ago in Zhejiang. Today Islam is practiced by a small number of people including virtually all the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang. Another religion present in the province is She shamanism (practiced by She ethnic minority). | What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang not practice? | What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang not practice? | [
" What religion do the Hui Chinese living in Zhejiang not practice?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50318 | 5acee01332bba1001ae4b80a | Neptune | Most languages today, even in countries that have no direct link to Greco-Roman culture, use some variant of the name "Neptune" for the planet. However, in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean, the planet's name was translated as "sea king star" (海王星), because Neptune was the god of the sea. In Mongolian, Neptune is called Da... | What did the Irish call Neptune? | What did the Irish call Neptune? | [
"What did the Irish call Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6314 | 5728066eff5b5019007d9b2b | PlayStation_3 | The initial prototype shown in May 2005 featured two HDMI ports, three Ethernet ports and six USB ports; however, when the system was shown again a year later at E3 2006, these were reduced to one HDMI port, one Ethernet port and four USB ports, presumably to cut costs. Two hardware configurations were also announced f... | By the time the system appeared at E3 2006, how many Ethernet ports was it down to? | By the time the system appeared at E3 2006, how many Ethernet ports was it down to? | [
"By the time the system appeared at E3 2006, how many Ethernet ports was it down to?"
] | {
"text": [
"one"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74426 | 571b3f7632177014007ea046 | Asphalt | Naturally occurring crude asphalt/bitumen impregnated in sedimentary rock is the prime feed stock for petroleum production from "Oil sands", currently under development in Alberta, Canada. Canada has most of the world's supply of natural asphalt/bitumen, covering 140,000 square kilometres (an area larger than England),... | Where is naturally occurring bitumen in rock being developed as a feed stock for petroleum production? | Where is naturally occurring bitumen in rock being developed as a feed stock for petroleum production? | [
"Where is naturally occurring bitumen in rock being developed as a feed stock for petroleum production?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alberta, Canada"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108186 | 56e43d238c00841900fbaf57 | Estonian_language | The most famous reformer of Estonian, Johannes Aavik (1880–1973), used creations ex nihilo (cf. ‘free constructions’, Tauli 1977), along with other sources of lexical enrichment such as derivations, compositions and loanwords (often from Finnish; cf. Saareste and Raun 1965: 76). In Aavik’s dictionary (1921), which list... | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known? | Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known? | [
"Of all of Estonian's language reformers who is the most well known?"
] | {
"text": [
"Johannes Aavik"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27442 | 5a7b878021c2de001afea102 | Transistor | The junction forward voltage is the voltage applied to the emitter–base junction of a BJT in order to make the base conduct a specified current. The current increases exponentially as the junction forward voltage is increased. The values given in the table are typical for a current of 1 mA (the same values apply to sem... | What are sensistors made of? | What are sensistors made of? | [
"What are sensistors made of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50410 | 572ea25103f989190075686d | Neptune | The dipole component of the magnetic field at the magnetic equator of Neptune is about 14 microteslas (0.14 G). The dipole magnetic moment of Neptune is about 2.2 × 1017 T·m3 (14 μT·RN3, where RN is the radius of Neptune). Neptune's magnetic field has a complex geometry that includes relatively large contributions from... | What is Neptune's dipole magnetic moment? | What is Neptune's dipole magnetic moment? | [
"What is Neptune's dipole magnetic moment? "
] | {
"text": [
"2.2 × 1017 T·m3"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39444 | 5a8c802dfd22b3001a8d8954 | FA_Cup | Following the 1914–15 edition, the competition was suspended due to the First World War, and didn't resume until 1919–20. The 1922–23 competition saw the first final to be played in the newly opened Wembley Stadium (known at the time as the Empire Stadium). Due to the outbreak of World War II, the competition wasn't pl... | Who replaced the goal scored by Steven Gerrard? | Who replaced the goal scored by Steven Gerrard? | [
"Who replaced the goal scored by Steven Gerrard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40898 | 5a6bb9d44eec6b001a80a542 | Predation | Many organisms (of which humans are prime examples) eat from multiple levels of the food chain and, thus, make this classification problematic. A carnivore may eat both secondary and tertiary consumers, and its prey may itself be difficult to classify for similar reasons. Organisms showing both carnivory and herbivory ... | From how many levels of the food chain do parasites usually eat? | From how many levels of the food chain do parasites usually eat? | [
"From how many levels of the food chain do parasites usually eat?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46667 | 57267609f1498d1400e8e065 | Department_store | Socialism confronted consumerism in the chain State Department Stores (GUM), set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise. It operated stores throughout Russia and targeted consumers across class, gender, and ethnic lines. GUM was designed to advance the Bolsheviks' goals of eliminating private enterprise and r... | When did they first establish the organization? | When did they first establish the organization? | [
"When did they first establish the organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"1921"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13974 | 5a835b79e60761001a2eb618 | BBC_Television | While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved... | What concerns with Western Europe did "free-to-air" bring up? | What concerns with Western Europe did "free-to-air" bring up? | [
"What concerns with Western Europe did \"free-to-air\" bring up?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103781 | 5733f0e34776f41900661573 | Montana | Montana i/mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The state's name is derived from the Spanish word montaña (mountain). Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including "Big Sky Country" and "The Treasure State", and slogans that include "Land of the Shining Mountains" and more ... | Where does the state's name come from? | Where does the state's name come from? | [
"Where does the state's name come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"from the Spanish word montaña"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115540 | 57098452ed30961900e84268 | England_national_football_team | Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was an 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This still stands as England's worst ever defea... | In what year did England suffer their first defeat at home to a foreign team? | In what year did England suffer their first defeat at home to a foreign team? | [
"In what year did England suffer their first defeat at home to a foreign team?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84565 | 5ad4c7425b96ef001a10a03b | San_Diego | The development of skyscrapers over 300 feet (91 m) in San Diego is attributed to the construction of the El Cortez Hotel in 1927, the tallest building in the city from 1927 to 1963. As time went on multiple buildings claimed the title of San Diego's tallest skyscraper, including the Union Bank of California Building a... | What organization regulates building heights in San Francisco? | What organization regulates building heights in San Francisco? | [
"What organization regulates building heights in San Francisco?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20312 | 5a66ff07f038b7001ab0c15b | Glass | Color in glass may be obtained by addition of electrically charged ions (or color centers) that are homogeneously distributed, and by precipitation of finely dispersed particles (such as in photochromic glasses). Ordinary soda-lime glass appears colorless to the naked eye when it is thin, although iron(II) oxide (FeO) ... | What chemical compounds can make glass thin? | What chemical compounds can make glass thin? | [
"What chemical compounds can make glass thin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92493 | 5730ff8ba5e9cc1400cdbb82 | United_States_Air_Force | Training programs vary in length; for example, 3M0X1 (Services) has 31 days of tech school training, while 3E8X1 (Explosive Ordnance Disposal) is one year of training with a preliminary school and a main school consisting of over 10 separate divisions, sometimes taking students close to two years to complete. Officer t... | How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last? | How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last? | [
"How long does the flight training for the AETC's Nineteenth Air Force last? "
] | {
"text": [
"excess of one year"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50769 | 572e83d3c246551400ce429f | Seven_Years%27_War | Realizing that war was imminent, Prussia preemptively struck Saxony and quickly overran it. The result caused uproar across Europe. Because of Prussia's alliance with Britain, Austria formed an alliance with France, seeing an opportunity to recapture Silesia, which had been lost in a previous war. Reluctantly, by follo... | What country did Spain invade? | What country did Spain invade? | [
"What country did Spain invade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spain, bound by the Pacte de Famille, intervened on behalf of France and together they launched a disastrous invasion of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
655
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57424 | 57300a8aa23a5019007fccaf | Muslim_world | The Solar Hijri calendar, also called the Shamsi Hijri calendar, and abbreviated as SH, is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It begins on the vernal equinox. Each of the twelve months corresponds with a zodiac sign. The first six months have 31 days, the next five have 30 days, and the last month has 29 da... | What is the first year of the Shamsi Hijri Calender based on? | What is the first year of the Shamsi Hijri Calender based on? | [
"What is the first year of the Shamsi Hijri Calender based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prophet Muhammad's migration to Medina"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109448 | 5a1cc7914ea40d0018b06f1e | Dutch_Republic | In fact, there was an eighth province, the County of Drenthe, but this area was so poor it was exempt from paying federal taxes and as a consequence was denied representation in the States General. Each province was governed by the Provincial States, the main executive official (though not the official head of state) w... | In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have? | In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have? | [
"In wartime, what type of power did the County of Drenthe have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45067 | 5ace334632bba1001ae49ddf | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In the 1980s to early 1990s, there was a CBS imprint label in the US known as CBS Associated Records. Tony Martell, veteran CBS and Epic Records A&R Vice President was head of this label and signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer. Thi... | Ozzy Osbourne was the head of which label? | Ozzy Osbourne was the head of which label? | [
"Ozzy Osbourne was the head of which label?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30593 | 5ace2fda32bba1001ae49d38 | Appalachian_Mountains | The dominant northern and high elevation conifer is the red spruce (Picea rubens), which grows from near sea level to above 4,000 ft (1,200 m) above sea level (asl) in northern New England and southeastern Canada. It also grows southward along the Appalachian crest to the highest elevations of the southern Appalachians... | How far south can red spruces be found? | How far south can red spruces be found? | [
"How far south can red spruces be found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23962 | 5ad3e11b604f3c001a3ff4fc | Bermuda | The island was administered as an extension of Virginia by the Company until 1614. Its spin-off, the Somers Isles Company, took over in 1615 and managed the colony until 1684. At that time, the company's charter was revoked, and the English Crown took over administration. The islands became a British colony following t... | Who took over the colony from Virginia in 1614? | Who took over the colony from Virginia in 1614? | [
"Who took over the colony from Virginia in 1614?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6599 | 57282ec84b864d1900164682 | PlayStation_3 | The PlayStation Store is an online virtual market available to users of Sony's PlayStation 3 (PS3) and PlayStation Portable (PSP) game consoles via the PlayStation Network. The Store offers a range of downloadable content both for purchase and available free of charge. Available content includes full games, add-on cont... | What connection would you go through to go to the PS3 store from a PSP? | What connection would you go through to go to the PS3 store from a PSP? | [
"What connection would you go through to go to the PS3 store from a PSP?"
] | {
"text": [
"Remote Play"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6900 | 5731343b05b4da19006bceb1 | Red | There were guilds of dyers who specialized in red in Venice and other large Europeans cities. The Rubia plant was used to make the most common dye; it produced an orange-red or brick red color used to dye the clothes of merchants and artisans. For the wealthy, the dye used was Kermes, made from a tiny scale insect whic... | Which group in Europe used Kermes dye? | Which group in Europe used Kermes dye? | [
"Which group in Europe used Kermes dye?"
] | {
"text": [
"the wealthy"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12014 | 56e150d1cd28a01900c677af | Universal_Studios | The end for the Laemmles came with a lavish version of Show Boat (1936), a remake of its earlier 1929 part-talkie production, and produced as a high-quality, big-budget film rather than as a B-picture. The new film featured several stars from the Broadway stage version, which began production in late 1935, and unlike t... | When did the Standard Capital Corporation take control of Universal? | When did the Standard Capital Corporation take control of Universal? | [
"When did the Standard Capital Corporation take control of Universal?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 2, 1936"
],
"answer_start": [
971
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28008 | 57318afba5e9cc1400cdc021 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998). Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws (1975), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of al... | What did Spielberg win for Schindler's List? | What did Spielberg win for Schindler's List? | [
"What did Spielberg win for Schindler's List?"
] | {
"text": [
"Academy Award for Best Director"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83314 | 5727c80b2ca10214002d9622 | Dominican_Order | At the same time the order found itself face to face with the Renaissance. It struggled against pagan tendencies in Renaissance humanism, in Italy through Dominici and Savonarola, in Germany through the theologians of Cologne but it also furnished humanism with such advanced writers as Francesco Colonna (probably the w... | What Dominican friar celebrated the arts of the Renaissance age? | What Dominican friar celebrated the arts of the Renaissance age? | [
"What Dominican friar celebrated the arts of the Renaissance age?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fra Angelico and Fra Bartolomeo"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43363 | 57260be6271a42140099d3f1 | Korean_War | After the first two months of the conflict, South Korean forces were on the point of defeat, forced back to the Pusan Perimeter. In September 1950, an amphibious UN counter-offensive was launched at Inchon, and cut off many of the North Korean attackers. Those that escaped envelopment and capture were rapidly forced ba... | What type of combat was seen for the first time in the history of war? | What type of combat was seen for the first time in the history of war? | [
"What type of combat was seen for the first time in the history of war?"
] | {
"text": [
"air-to-air combat"
],
"answer_start": [
925
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96001 | 5a1e14bf3de3f40018b264a1 | Hokkien | The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Nor... | When did the second prestige dialect appear? | When did the second prestige dialect appear? | [
"When did the second prestige dialect appear?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45251 | 5728c1b12ca10214002da721 | Sahara | The rainfall inhibition and the dissipation of cloud cover are most accentuated over the eastern section of the Sahara rather than the western. The prevailing air mass lying above the Sahara is the continental tropical (cT) air mass which is hot and dry. Hot, dry air masses primarily form over the North-African desert ... | What is the air mass lying above the Sahara? | What is the air mass lying above the Sahara? | [
"What is the air mass lying above the Sahara?"
] | {
"text": [
"hot and dry"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34072 | 5ad40ee2604f3c001a40013d | Alaska | The Alaska Constitution was written so as to discourage dedicating state funds for a particular purpose. The Permanent Fund has become the rare exception to this, mostly due to the political climate of distrust existing during the time of its creation. From its initial principal of $734,000, the fund has grown to $50 b... | How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund shrank? | How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund shrank? | [
"How high has the principal of the Permanent Fund shrank?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41813 | 56d614dd1c85041400946f08 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist noted th... | What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier? | What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier? | [
"What kind of attitude did Burma display in response to a cyclone a few days earlier?"
] | {
"text": [
"secretive"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106617 | 57265ab2f1498d1400e8dcf7 | East_India_Company | Every continued in pursuit and managed to overhaul Ganj-i-Sawai, which resisted strongly before eventually striking. Ganj-i-Sawai carried enormous wealth and, according to contemporary East India Company sources, was carrying a relative of the Grand Mughal, though there is no evidence to suggest that it was his daughte... | as times has past what has become know as the richest ship ever taken by Pirates? | as times has past what has become know as the richest ship ever taken by Pirates? | [
"as times has past what has become know as the richest ship ever taken by Pirates?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ganj-i-Sawai"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55420 | 5acfbb4977cf76001a685afa | Presbyterianism | The roots of Presbyterianism lie in the European Reformation of the 16th century; the example of John Calvin's Geneva being particularly influential. Most Reformed churches which trace their history back to Scotland are either presbyterian or congregationalist in government. In the twentieth century, some Presbyterians... | Most churches tracing back to which country are either Presbyterian or Methodist in government? | Most churches tracing back to which country are either Presbyterian or Methodist in government? | [
"Most churches tracing back to which country are either Presbyterian or Methodist in government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56293 | 5a457e6419a820001a1eda86 | Nonprofit_organization | After a nonprofit organization has been formed at the state level, the organization may seek recognition of tax exempt status with respect to U.S. federal income tax. That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organization... | What exists for limited types of deductibility purposes? | What exists for limited types of deductibility purposes? | [
"What exists for limited types of deductibility purposes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8478 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843a9 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decis... | In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race? | In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race? | [
"In what year did a federal judge say that three immigrants from Mexico were not eligible to be citizens because of their race?"
] | {
"text": [
"1935"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8102 | 5ad0163077cf76001a68695a | Copyright_infringement | Corporations and legislatures take different types of preventative measures to deter copyright infringement, with much of the focus since the early 1990s being on preventing or reducing digital methods of infringement. Strategies include education, civil & criminal legislation, and international agreements, as well as ... | What is the minor focus of these steps? | What is the minor focus of these steps? | [
"What is the minor focus of these steps?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82204 | 5a7102970efcfe001a8afcf9 | Pesticide | In 2006 and 2007, the world used approximately 2.4 megatonnes (5.3×109 lb) of pesticides, with herbicides constituting the biggest part of the world pesticide use at 40%, followed by insecticides (17%) and fungicides (10%). In 2006 and 2007 the U.S. used approximately 0.5 megatonnes (1.1×109 lb) of pesticides, accounti... | How much of conventional pesticide use is by the US government? | How much of conventional pesticide use is by the US government? | [
"How much of conventional pesticide use is by the US government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59162 | 5a307be3f1f7c7001ab92d78 | A_cappella | In addition to singing words, some a cappella singers also emulate instrumentation by reproducing instrumental sounds with their vocal cords and mouth. One of the earliest 20th century practitioners of this method were The Mills Brothers whose early recordings of the 1930s clearly stated on the label that all instrumen... | What is another example of emulating Bobby McFerrin without singing the words? | What is another example of emulating Bobby McFerrin without singing the words? | [
"What is another example of emulating Bobby McFerrin without singing the words?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59027 | 5a2eeeb0a83784001a7d2592 | A_cappella | A strong and prominent a cappella tradition was begun in the midwest part of the United States in 1911 by F. Melius Christiansen, a music faculty member at St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. The St. Olaf College Choir was established as an outgrowth of the local St. John's Lutheran Church, where Christiansen wa... | Who spoke against a cappella in 1911? | Who spoke against a cappella in 1911? | [
"Who spoke against a cappella in 1911?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66944 | 572840282ca10214002da18d | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Doubts remained over the authority of the Belavezha Accords to disband the Soviet Union, since they were signed by only three republics. However, on December 21, 1991, representatives of 11 of the 12 former republics – all except Georgia – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol, which confirmed the dissolution of the Union and f... | What was dissolved by the Protocol? | What was dissolved by the Protocol? | [
"What was dissolved by the Protocol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Union"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36772 | 5a849ee37cf838001a46a9a6 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In the instance when the Presidency and both Houses of Congress are controlled by one party, the Speaker normally assumes a lower profile and defers to the President. For that situation the House Minority Leader can play the role of a de facto "leader of the opposition", often more so than the Senate Minority Leader, d... | What minority leader has run for President? | What minority leader has run for President? | [
"What minority leader has run for President?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86603 | 56e721ae37bdd419002c3d83 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The RIBA Guide to its Archive and History (1986) has a section on the "Statutory registration of architects" with a bibliography extending from a draft bill of 1887 to one of 1969. The Guide's section on "Education" records the setting up in 1904 of the RIBA Board of Architectural Education, and the system by which any... | What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board? | What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board? | [
"What was necessary for testing in schools applying to the RIBA Board?"
] | {
"text": [
"an approved external examiner"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62864 | 5acd415907355d001abf3a9e | Pain | Differences in pain perception and tolerance thresholds are associated with, among other factors, ethnicity, genetics, and sex. People of Mediterranean origin report as painful some radiant heat intensities that northern Europeans describe as nonpainful. And Italian women tolerate less intense electric shock than Jewis... | Who do Italian woman report more painful radiant heat intensities than? | Who do Italian woman report more painful radiant heat intensities than? | [
"Who do Italian woman report more painful radiant heat intensities than?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79248 | 5a3bda68cc5d22001a521bc9 | Heian_period | Following Kammu's death in 806 and a succession struggle among his sons, two new offices were established in an effort to adjust the Taika-Taihō administrative structure. Through the new Emperor's Private Office, the emperor could issue administrative edicts more directly and with more self-assurance than before. The n... | What administative structure was abolished in 806? | What administative structure was abolished in 806? | [
"What administative structure was abolished in 806?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94742 | 571043a1a58dae1900cd6991 | Age_of_Enlightenment | John Locke, one of the most influential Enlightenment thinkers, based his governance philosophy in social contract theory, a subject that permeated Enlightenment political thought. The English philosopher Thomas Hobbes ushered in this new debate with his work Leviathan in 1651. Hobbes also developed some of the fundame... | Which of Hobbes' ideas led to the distinction between civil society and the state? | Which of Hobbes' ideas led to the distinction between civil society and the state? | [
"Which of Hobbes' ideas led to the distinction between civil society and the state?"
] | {
"text": [
"the artificial character of the political order"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59945 | 5acfc18077cf76001a685d01 | Zhejiang | The politics of Zhejiang is structured in a dual party-government system like all other governing institutions in Mainland China. The Governor of Zhejiang is the highest-ranking official in the People's Government of Zhejiang. However, in the province's dual party-government governing system, the Governor is subordinat... | What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary not provincially known as? | What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary not provincially known as? | [
"What is the Zhejiang Communist Party of China (CPC) Provincial Committee Secretary not provincially known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55278 | 5727db044b864d1900163ea6 | Baptists | Another milestone in the early development of Baptist doctrine was in 1638 with John Spilsbury, a Calvinistic minister who helped to promote the strict practice of believer's baptism by immersion. According to Tom Nettles, professor of historical theology at Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, "Spilsbury's cogent ar... | Tom Nettles was a professor at what seminary? | Tom Nettles was a professor at what seminary? | [
"Tom Nettles was a professor at what seminary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Southern Baptist Theological Seminary"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101313 | 5726dad6708984140094d3ae | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | On 10 January 1941, Germany and the Soviet Union signed an agreement settling several ongoing issues. Secret protocols in the new agreement modified the "Secret Additional Protocols" of the German–Soviet Boundary and Friendship Treaty, ceding the Lithuanian Strip to the Soviet Union in exchange for 7.5 million dollars ... | How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements? | How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements? | [
"How long did the amendment extend the trade agreements?"
] | {
"text": [
"until August 1, 1942"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46856 | 57278182dd62a815002e9f04 | Textual_criticism | Two common considerations have the Latin names lectio brevior (shorter reading) and lectio difficilior (more difficult reading). The first is the general observation that scribes tended to add words, for clarification or out of habit, more often than they removed them. The second, lectio difficilior potior (the harder ... | Define "lectio brevior" | Define "lectio brevior" | [
"Define \"lectio brevior\""
] | {
"text": [
"shorter reading"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30796 | 572680f85951b619008f74f9 | Mexico_City | For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of gover... | How many boroughs make up Mexico City? | How many boroughs make up Mexico City? | [
"How many boroughs make up Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62223 | 57268d025951b619008f765e | Chicago_Cubs | Another unofficial but much more well-known mascot is Ronnie "Woo Woo" Wickers who is a longtime fan and local celebrity in the Chicago area. He is known to Wrigley Field visitors for his idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games, generally punctuated with an exclamatory "Woo!" (e.g., "Cubs, woo! Cubs, woo! Big-Z, woo! Za... | What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors? | What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors? | [
"What is Ronnie known for to Wrigley Field visitors?"
] | {
"text": [
"idiosyncratic cheers at baseball games"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38121 | 573045afa23a5019007fd03c | Roman_Republic | One check on a magistrate's power was his collegiality. Each magisterial office would be held concurrently by at least two people. Another such check was provocatio. Provocatio was a primordial form of due process. It was a precursor to habeas corpus. If any magistrate tried to use the powers of the state against a cit... | What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued? | What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued? | [
"What would you call a magistrate who had his powers of imperium continued?"
] | {
"text": [
"promagistrate"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45121 | 56df25da3277331400b4d9b0 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | On August 5, 2008, SCA and Bertelsmann announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in Sony BMG. Sony completed its acquisition of Bertelsmann's 50% stake in the companies' joint venture on October 1, 2008. The company, once again named Sony Music Entertainment Inc., became a wholly owned subsidiar... | Name one of the final albums to ever have the Sony BMG label? | Name one of the final albums to ever have the Sony BMG label? | [
"Name one of the final albums to ever have the Sony BMG label?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thriller 25 by Michael Jackson, I Am... Sasha Fierce by Beyoncé, Keeps Gettin' Better: A Decade of Hits by Christina Aguilera, and Safe Trip Home by Dido"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47828 | 57269e6b708984140094cbe3 | Napoleon | Alexander faced pressure from his brother, Duke Constantine, to make peace with Napoleon. Given the victory he had just achieved, the French emperor offered the Russians relatively lenient terms–demanding that Russia join the Continental System, withdraw its forces from Wallachia and Moldavia, and hand over the Ionian ... | What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories? | What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories? | [
"What was the name of the new kingdom Napoleon created from Prussian territories?"
] | {
"text": [
"Westphalia"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56100 | 56e7a4c900c9c71400d77474 | Arena_Football_League | On November 12, the league announced the defending champion San Jose SaberCats would be ceasing operations due to "reasons unrelated to League operations". A statement from the league indicated that the AFL is working to secure new, long-term owners for the franchise. This leaves the AFL with eight teams for 2016. | When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down? | When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down? | [
"When was it announced that the SaberCats would be shutting down?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 12"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1790 | 5ad1708a645df0001a2d1b88 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | When revolutionary France declared war on Great Britain in 1793, the United States sought to remain neutral, but the Jay Treaty, which was favorable to Great Britain, angered the French government, which viewed it as a violation of the 1778 Treaty of Alliance. French privateers began to seize U.S. vessels, which led to... | When was the Treaty of Alliance with France rejected? | When was the Treaty of Alliance with France rejected? | [
" When was the Treaty of Alliance with France rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37404 | 5727bc053acd2414000deae7 | Switzerland | The government exerts greater control over broadcast media than print media, especially due to finance and licensing. The Swiss Broadcasting Corporation, whose name was recently changed to SRG SSR, is charged with the production and broadcast of radio and television programs. SRG SSR studios are distributed throughout ... | What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media? | What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media? | [
"What causes the government to exert greater control over broadcast media than print media?"
] | {
"text": [
"finance and licensing"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58917 | 5a2e9838a83784001a7d240e | A_cappella | A cappella music was originally used in religious music, especially church music as well as anasheed and zemirot. Gregorian chant is an example of a cappella singing, as is the majority of secular vocal music from the Renaissance. The madrigal, up until its development in the early Baroque into an instrumentally-accomp... | What was considered part of a cappella following the Baroque period? | What was considered part of a cappella following the Baroque period? | [
"What was considered part of a cappella following the Baroque period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66571 | 5acebe0f32bba1001ae4b287 | Brigham_Young_University | BYU has been considered by some Latter-day Saints, as well as some university and church leaders, to be "The Lord's university". This phrase is used in reference to the school's mission as an "ambassador" to the world for the LDS Church and thus, for Jesus Christ. In the past, some students and faculty have expressed d... | What is BUY considered to be by some? | What is BUY considered to be by some? | [
"What is BUY considered to be by some?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88901 | 570f541b80d9841400ab358f | Circadian_rhythm | Mutations or deletions of clock gene in mice have demonstrated the importance of body clocks to ensure the proper timing of cellular/metabolic events; clock-mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese, and have altered glucose metabolism. In mice, deletion of the Rev-ErbA alpha clock gene facilitates diet-induced obesity and... | Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect the mice? | Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect the mice? | [
"Beside obesity, how else does the lack of a circadian clock effect the mice?"
] | {
"text": [
"glucose metabolism"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61497 | 5727fc492ca10214002d9ab6 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | When was Cuper's Cove colony founded? | When was Cuper's Cove colony founded? | [
"When was Cuper's Cove colony founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1610"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85315 | 5727fdf64b864d1900164190 | European_Central_Bank | The first President of the Bank was Wim Duisenberg, the former president of the Dutch central bank and the European Monetary Institute. While Duisenberg had been the head of the EMI (taking over from Alexandre Lamfalussy of Belgium) just before the ECB came into existence, the French government wanted Jean-Claude Trich... | Who was the first president of the ECB? | Who was the first president of the ECB? | [
"Who was the first president of the ECB?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wim Duisenberg"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54333 | 56df01783277331400b4d89a | Christian | Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in e... | What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth? | What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth? | [
"What was Jesus called since he was from Nazareth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nazoraean"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46865 | 572782e0708984140094dfa3 | Textual_criticism | Brooke Foss Westcott (1825–1901) and Fenton J. A. Hort (1828–1892) published an edition of the New Testament in Greek in 1881. They proposed nine critical rules, including a version of Bengel's rule, "The reading is less likely to be original that shows a disposition to smooth away difficulties." They also argued that ... | How many rules were proposed in the 1881 publication of the New Testament in Greek? | How many rules were proposed in the 1881 publication of the New Testament in Greek? | [
"How many rules were proposed in the 1881 publication of the New Testament in Greek?"
] | {
"text": [
"They proposed nine critical rules"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68155 | 5ad4228c604f3c001a4007d0 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety ... | Whose graduates tutored many girls from the Jenkins Orphanage? | Whose graduates tutored many girls from the Jenkins Orphanage? | [
"Whose graduates tutored many girls from the Jenkins Orphanage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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