gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-95938 | 5726b8385951b619008f7bb7 | Hokkien | Hokkien has one of the most diverse phoneme inventories among Chinese varieties, with more consonants than Standard Mandarin or Cantonese. Vowels are more-or-less similar to that of Standard Mandarin. Hokkien varieties retain many pronunciations that are no longer found in other Chinese varieties. These include the ret... | What Chinese dialect has more consonants than standard Mandarin or Cantonese? | What Chinese dialect has more consonants than standard Mandarin or Cantonese? | [
"What Chinese dialect has more consonants than standard Mandarin or Cantonese?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hokkien"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52100 | 5ad38a0d604f3c001a3fe5a1 | Miami | The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for t... | In what part of Miami isn't Midtown? | In what part of Miami isn't Midtown? | [
"In what part of Miami isn't Midtown?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37022 | 5a0cdba6f5590b0018dab5d3 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocati... | What has the focus on allocation of aid shortchanged in Africa? | What has the focus on allocation of aid shortchanged in Africa? | [
"What has the focus on allocation of aid shortchanged in Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86717 | 56e766a800c9c71400d770af | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | RIBA runs many awards including the Stirling Prize for the best new building of the year, the Royal Gold Medal (first awarded in 1848), which honours a distinguished body of work, and the Stephen Lawrence Prize for projects with a construction budget of less than £500,000. The RIBA also awards the President's Medals fo... | What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize? | What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize? | [
"What is the limit of how much can be spent on projects receiving the Stephen Lawrence Prize?"
] | {
"text": [
"£500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62068 | 57266409708984140094c49b | Chicago_Cubs | The Cubs enjoyed one more pennant at the close of World War II, finishing 98–56. Due to the wartime travel restrictions, the first three games of the 1945 World Series were played in Detroit, where the Cubs won two games, including a one-hitter by Claude Passeau, and the final four were played at Wrigley. In Game 4 of ... | In what game was the Curse of the Billy Goat allegedly laid upon the Cubs? | In what game was the Curse of the Billy Goat allegedly laid upon the Cubs? | [
"In what game was the Curse of the Billy Goat allegedly laid upon the Cubs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Game 4 of the Series"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40008 | 5727ac984b864d1900163a19 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014. There are 56 Zagat-rated restaurants in New Haven, the most in Connecticut and the third most in New England (after Boston and Cambridge). More than 120 restaurants are located within two blocks of the New Haven Green. The city is home to an... | How many restaurants can be accessed within a two block radius of New Haven Green? | How many restaurants can be accessed within a two block radius of New Haven Green? | [
"How many restaurants can be accessed within a two block radius of New Haven Green?"
] | {
"text": [
"More than 120"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83530 | 5727f7cbff5b5019007d9975 | Dominican_Order | The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways.... | The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side? | The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side? | [
"The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side?"
] | {
"text": [
"international"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61448 | 5a3b04c43ff257001ab84395 | Flowering_plant | While the majority of flowers are perfect or hermaphrodite (having both pollen and ovule producing parts in the same flower structure), flowering plants have developed numerous morphological and physiological mechanisms to reduce or prevent self-fertilization. Heteromorphic flowers have short carpels and long stamens, ... | What happens to male and female parts of carpels that are hermaphrodites? | What happens to male and female parts of carpels that are hermaphrodites? | [
"What happens to male and female parts of carpels that are hermaphrodites?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5270 | 56e17841cd28a01900c6799a | Boston | Between 1999 and 2006, Bicycling magazine named Boston three times as one of the worst cities in the US for cycling; regardless, it has one of the highest rates of bicycle commuting. In 2008, as a consequence of improvements made to bicycling conditions within the city, the same magazine put Boston on its "Five for the... | What year did Hubway launch? | What year did Hubway launch? | [
"What year did Hubway launch?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70277 | 57298fe16aef051400154fd5 | Neoclassical_architecture | Neoclassicism also influenced city planning; the ancient Romans had used a consolidated scheme for city planning for both defence and civil convenience, however, the roots of this scheme go back to even older civilizations. At its most basic, the grid system of streets, a central forum with city services, two main slig... | What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism? | What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism? | [
"What basic civil planning system for streets is rooted in neoclassicism?"
] | {
"text": [
"grid system"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115372 | 56ea98980030b61400a34fc8 | Political_corruption | Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables... | Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what? | Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what? | [
"Formal legislation cannot be regulated when officials are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"bribed"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94715 | 5726e259dd62a815002e93d8 | Queen_(band) | On 11 April 2006, Brian May and Roger Taylor appeared on the American singing contest television show American Idol. Each contestant was required to sing a Queen song during that week of the competition. Songs which appeared on the show included "Bohemian Rhapsody", "Fat Bottomed Girls", "The Show Must Go On", "Who Wan... | Who were the season 8 finalists on American Idol? | Who were the season 8 finalists on American Idol? | [
"Who were the season 8 finalists on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adam Lambert and Kris Allen"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104634 | 5732bad2cc179a14009dac3f | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Countering Krugman, Peter J. Wallison wrote: "It is not true that every bubble—even a large bubble—has the potential to cause a financial crisis when it deflates." Wallison notes that other developed countries had "large bubbles during the 1997–2007 period" but "the losses associated with mortgage delinquencies and def... | Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years? | Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years? | [
"Other countries had large residential housing bubbles that deflated during what years?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997–2007"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115833 | 5a8dc945df8bba001a0f9c19 | Richard_Feynman | When Richard was five years old, his mother gave birth to a younger brother, but this brother died at four weeks of age. Four years later, Richard gained a sister, Joan, and the family moved to Far Rockaway, Queens. Though separated by nine years, Joan and Richard were close, as they both shared a natural curiosity abo... | What happened to Feyman's younger parent? | What happened to Feyman's younger parent? | [
"What happened to Feyman's younger parent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73457 | 56db2be3e7c41114004b4e98 | American_Idol | Finalist Phillip Phillips suffered from kidney pain and was taken to the hospital before the Top 13 results show, and later received medical procedure to alleviate a blockage caused by kidney stones. He was reported to have eight surgeries during his Idol run, and had considered quitting the show due to the pain. He un... | What kind of pain did Phillips endure? | What kind of pain did Phillips endure? | [
"What kind of pain did Phillips endure?"
] | {
"text": [
"kidney pain"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85790 | 5ad2a390d7d075001a429d4b | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The system's launch represented not only a new product, but also a reframing of the severely damaged home video game market segment as a whole. The video game market crash of 1983 had occurred in significant part due to a lack of consumer and retailer confidence in video games, which had in turn been due partially to c... | Nintendo's marketing strategy wasn't aimed at what aspect of the consumer via realism? | Nintendo's marketing strategy wasn't aimed at what aspect of the consumer via realism? | [
" Nintendo's marketing strategy wasn't aimed at what aspect of the consumer via realism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111721 | 5acd809c07355d001abf449b | Education | Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach d... | What was the reason for the polarisation for non-affordable schooling? | What was the reason for the polarisation for non-affordable schooling? | [
" What was the reason for the polarisation for non-affordable schooling?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22160 | 56e784a400c9c71400d7720c | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | NARA's holdings are classed into "record groups" reflecting the governmental department or agency from which they originated. Records include paper documents, microfilm, still pictures, motion pictures, and electronic media. | Each record group is classified based on what? | Each record group is classified based on what? | [
"Each record group is classified based on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"governmental department or agency"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56078 | 56e7a2eb00c9c71400d7745a | Arena_Football_League | In 2013, the league expanded with the addition of two new franchises to play in 2014, the Los Angeles Kiss (owned by Gene Simmons and Paul Stanley of the legendary rock band Kiss) and the Portland Thunder. | Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group? | Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group? | [
"Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons are members of what musical group?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kiss"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48787 | 571a86fe10f8ca14003050e8 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficu... | How old was he when he was consecrated? | How old was he when he was consecrated? | [
"How old was he when he was consecrated?"
] | {
"text": [
"thirty years of age."
],
"answer_start": [
614
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68047 | 5ad41ef0604f3c001a400675 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Industries slowly brought the city and its inhabitants back to a renewed vitality and jobs attracted new residents. As the city's commerce improved, residents worked to restore or create community institutions. In 1865, the Avery Normal Institute was established by the American Missionary Association as the first free ... | oldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy weren't affected by what? | oldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy weren't affected by what? | [
"oldiers and boys helped by Porter Military Academy weren't affected by what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74357 | 5ace540432bba1001ae4a2c7 | Asphalt | The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil. Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 m... | What is the other 70% produced by? | What is the other 70% produced by? | [
"What is the other 70% produced by? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94504 | 5726801fdd62a815002e875c | Queen_(band) | In 1975, the band left for a world tour with each member in Zandra Rhodes-created costumes and accompanied with banks of lights and effects. They toured the US as headliners, and played in Canada for the first time. In September, after an acromonious split with Trident, the band negotiated themselves out of their Tride... | Queen had a bitter split with what management company in 1975? | Queen had a bitter split with what management company in 1975? | [
"Queen had a bitter split with what management company in 1975?"
] | {
"text": [
"Trident Studios"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41681 | 56d61a451c85041400946f14 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities. During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which incl... | How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the relief efforts? | How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the relief efforts? | [
"How many Chinese troops and medics were involved in the relief efforts?"
] | {
"text": [
"135,000"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43466 | 572692c45951b619008f7715 | Korean_War | The Soviet Union challenged the legitimacy of the war for several reasons. The ROK Army intelligence upon which Resolution 83 was based came from U.S. Intelligence; North Korea was not invited as a sitting temporary member of the UN, which violated UN Charter Article 32; and the Korean conflict was beyond the UN Charte... | What type of vote is required for the Security Council to commit to military action in Korea. | What type of vote is required for the Security Council to commit to military action in Korea. | [
"What type of vote is required for the Security Council to commit to military action in Korea."
] | {
"text": [
"unanimous vote"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88969 | 5acd3edb07355d001abf3a1a | Hunter-gatherer | In the 1950s, Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining meat via scavenging, not hunting. Early humans in the Lower Paleolithic lived in forests and woodlands, which allowed them to collect seafood, eggs, nuts, and fruits besides scavenging. Rather than killing large animals for meat, according to this v... | Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade? | Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade? | [
"Lewis Binford suggested that early humans were obtaining vegetables via scavenging in what decade?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42410 | 5ad27a0dd7d075001a4295cc | Karl_Popper | In a book called Science Versus Crime, Houck writes that Popper's falsificationism can be questioned logically: it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like "for every metal, there is a temperature at which it will melt." The hypothesis cannot be falsified by any possible observation, for there will alwa... | What implies that not all metals melt? | What implies that not all metals melt? | [
"What implies that not all metals melt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64953 | 5ad128a8645df0001a2d0fde | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy, accounting for 16 percent of global electricity generation – 3,427 terawatt-hours... | What is the term not referring to electricity generated by hydropower? | What is the term not referring to electricity generated by hydropower? | [
" What is the term not referring to electricity generated by hydropower?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71653 | 56f8ef1c9e9bad19000a072c | Near_East | The change is evident in the reports of influential British travellers to the Balkans. In 1894, Sir Henry Norman, 1st Baronet, a journalist, travelled to the Far East, afterwards writing a book called The Peoples and Politics of the Far East, which came out in 1895. By "Far East" he meant Siberia, China, Japan, Korea, ... | What book did Sir Henry Norman write after traveling to the Far East? | What book did Sir Henry Norman write after traveling to the Far East? | [
"What book did Sir Henry Norman write after traveling to the Far East?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Peoples and Politics of the Far East"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101699 | 56d9c3c7dc89441400fdb7bf | Dog | Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would h... | What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night? | What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night? | [
"What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night?"
] | {
"text": [
"three dog night"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-869 | 56df81685ca0a614008f9ba9 | Plymouth | People from Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners. Its meaning is described as a person from Devon, deriving from Cousin Jan (the Devon form of John), but more particularly in naval circles anyone from the Plymouth area. | After what figure are Janners named? | After what figure are Janners named? | [
"After what figure are Janners named?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cousin Jan"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58719 | 572a9db034ae481900deabda | Rajasthan | Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas. The Marathas, who were Hindus from the state of what is now Mahar... | In what century did the Mughal Empire come into decline? | In what century did the Mughal Empire come into decline? | [
"In what century did the Mughal Empire come into decline?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89181 | 5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f42 | Hunter-gatherer | Some of the theorists who advocate this "revisionist" critique imply that, because the "pure hunter-gatherer" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen) | The "pure hunter-gatherer" appeared not long after what? | The "pure hunter-gatherer" appeared not long after what? | [
"The \"pure hunter-gatherer\" appeared not long after what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78712 | 5ad29d1ad7d075001a429c09 | Greeks | Modern Greek has, in addition to Standard Modern Greek or Dimotiki, a wide variety of dialects of varying levels of mutual intelligibility, including Cypriot, Pontic, Cappadocian, Griko and Tsakonian (the only surviving representative of ancient Doric Greek). Yevanic is the language of the Romaniotes, and survives in s... | What are some of the non-local jargon used in Greek speaking? | What are some of the non-local jargon used in Greek speaking? | [
" What are some of the non-local jargon used in Greek speaking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27432 | 5a7b853f21c2de001afea0f8 | Transistor | Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts o... | What kind of case is most common? | What kind of case is most common? | [
"What kind of case is most common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32240 | 5ad2b664d7d075001a42a007 | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras? | What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras? | [
"What was formed during the early Paleozoic and the late Mesozoic eras?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1577 | 57317cf3e6313a140071cfa3 | Mosaic | The single most important piece of Byzantine Christian mosaic art in the East is the Madaba Map, made between 542 and 570 as the floor of the church of Saint George at Madaba, Jordan. It was rediscovered in 1894. The Madaba Map is the oldest surviving cartographic depiction of the Holy Land. It depicts an area from Leb... | When was the the Madaba Map made? | When was the the Madaba Map made? | [
"When was the the Madaba Map made?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 542 and 570"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21457 | 56e6f4fdde9d3714000680e6 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary R&B may be played on both soft AC stations and urban AC. It is a form of neo soul R&B that places emphasis on songcraft and sophistication. As the use of drum machines, synthesizers, and sequencers dominates R&B-rooted music, adult contemporary R&B tends to take most of its cues from the more refined... | Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music? | Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music? | [
"Along with drum machines and synthesizers, what electronic instruments are often found in modern R&B-based music?"
] | {
"text": [
"sequencers"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14405 | 572f6f7004bcaa1900d76954 | Han_dynasty | Some important texts were created and studied by scholars. Philosophical works written by Yang Xiong (53 BC – 18 AD), Huan Tan (43 BC – 28 AD), Wang Chong (27–100 AD), and Wang Fu (78–163 AD) questioned whether human nature was innately good or evil and posed challenges to Dong's universal order. The Records of the Gra... | Which person had authored the Book of Han? | Which person had authored the Book of Han? | [
"Which person had authored the Book of Han?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ban Biao"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8724 | 5ace04ac32bba1001ae49970 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On March 3, 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the Chechen-Ingush ASSR was disbanded and its population forcibly deported upon the accusations of collaboration with the invaders and separatism. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative unit of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR. | Along with the RSFSR, what republic didn't receive territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR? | Along with the RSFSR, what republic didn't receive territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR? | [
"Along with the RSFSR, what republic didn't receive territory from the former Chechen-Ingush ASSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106186 | 5725c6e189a1e219009abe82 | Hellenistic_period | Sparta remained independent, but it was no longer the leading military power in the Peloponnese. The Spartan king Cleomenes III (235–222 BCE) staged a military coup against the conservative ephors and pushed through radical social and land reforms in order to increase the size of the shrinking Spartan citizenry able to... | Who was defeated at the Battle of Sellasia? | Who was defeated at the Battle of Sellasia? | [
"Who was defeated at the Battle of Sellasia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sparta"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66308 | 5ace938b32bba1001ae4aaa3 | Brigham_Young_University | Students attending BYU are required to follow an honor code, which mandates behavior in line with LDS teachings such as academic honesty, adherence to dress and grooming standards, and abstinence from extramarital sex and from the consumption of drugs and alcohol. Many students (88 percent of men, 33 percent of women) ... | What do 33% of male students do? | What do 33% of male students do? | [
"What do 33% of male students do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49017 | 571adf0732177014007e9f72 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Athanasius's first problem lay with Meletius of Lycopolis and his followers, who had failed to abide by the First Council of Nicaea. That council also anathematized Arius. Accused of mistreating Arians and Meletians, Athanasius answered those charges at a gathering of bishops in Tyre, the First Synod of Tyre, in 335. T... | Who was he accused of harming? | Who was he accused of harming? | [
"Who was he accused of harming?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arians and Meletians"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5486 | 570692ee75f01819005e7c1c | House_music | Early house music was generally dance-based music characterized by repetitive 4/4 beats, rhythms mainly provided by drum machines, off-beat hi-hat cymbals, and synthesized basslines. While house displayed several characteristics similar to disco music, it was more electronic and minimalistic, and the repetitive rhythm ... | What type of music is House based on? | What type of music is House based on? | [
"What type of music is House based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"dance-based music"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6228 | 57276daedd62a815002e9cb5 | Late_Middle_Ages | The end of medieval drama came about due to a number of factors, including the weakening power of the Catholic Church, the Protestant Reformation and the banning of religious plays in many countries. Elizabeth I forbid all religious plays in 1558 and the great cycle plays had been silenced by the 1580s. Similarly, reli... | What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? | What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned? | [
"What types of subjects did dramatists turn to when religious plays were banned?"
] | {
"text": [
"secular"
],
"answer_start": [
607
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10801 | 56fdecd819033b140034cddf | Computer | Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the pr... | When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what? | When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what? | [
"When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the flow of control"
],
"answer_start": [
399
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11993 | 5ad13d69645df0001a2d1352 | Universal_Studios | "Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musi... | What 1929 all-color musical feature did Universal produce? | What 1929 all-color musical feature did Universal produce? | [
"What 1929 all-color musical feature did Universal produce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78648 | 5ad29a55d7d075001a429b9c | Greeks | Greeks from Cyprus have a similar history of emigration, usually to the English-speaking world because of the island's colonization by the British Empire. Waves of emigration followed the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974, while the population decreased between mid-1974 and 1977 as a result of emigration, war losses, ... | Which colonial enterprise for land was the Greek Isles not a part of? | Which colonial enterprise for land was the Greek Isles not a part of? | [
"Which colonial enterprise for land was the Greek Isles not a part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74609 | 5ace7f2132bba1001ae4a83d | Asphalt | People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point wh... | How can people be exposed to low temperatures while at work? | How can people be exposed to low temperatures while at work? | [
"How can people be exposed to low temperatures while at work?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47443 | 572f905804bcaa1900d76a7e | Armenia | In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire and Safavid Empire divided Armenia. From the early 16th century, both Western Armenia and Eastern Armenia fell under Iranian Safavid rule. Owing to the century long Turco-Iranian geo-political rivalry that would last in Western Asia, significant parts of the region were frequentl... | How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last? | How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last? | [
"How long did the Turco-Iranian rivalry last?"
] | {
"text": [
"century"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92883 | 57339febd058e614000b5f0e | Tajikistan | Russian Imperialism led to the Russian Empire's conquest of Central Asia during the late 19th century's Imperial Era. Between 1864 and 1885 Russia gradually took control of the entire territory of Russian Turkestan, the Tajikistan portion of which had been controlled by the Emirate of Bukhara and Khanate of Kokand. Rus... | When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia? | When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia? | [
"When did the Russian Empire take over Central Asia?"
] | {
"text": [
"during the late 19th century's Imperial Era"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102859 | 5727e25f3acd2414000deefb | Unicode | Code points in the range U+D800–U+DBFF (1,024 code points) are known as high-surrogate code points, and code points in the range U+DC00–U+DFFF (1,024 code points) are known as low-surrogate code points. A high-surrogate code point (also known as a leading surrogate) followed by a low-surrogate code point (also known as... | What is known as a character's scalar value? | What is known as a character's scalar value? | [
"What is known as a character's scalar value? "
] | {
"text": [
"the range of code points that are available for use as characters"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53211 | 5a51224bce860b001aa3fbbf | Sichuan | Qin armies finished their conquest of the kingdoms of Shu and Ba by 316 BC. Any written records and civil achievements of earlier kingdoms were destroyed. Qin administrators introduced improved agricultural technology. Li Bing, engineered the Dujiangyan irrigation system to control the Min River, a major tributary of t... | Who began their conquest of Shu and Ba in 316 BC? | Who began their conquest of Shu and Ba in 316 BC? | [
"Who began their conquest of Shu and Ba in 316 BC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103356 | 571debb355697319006390b5 | Multiracial_American | In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, ... | Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute? | Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute? | [
"Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute?"
] | {
"text": [
"three European-American middle-class female teachers"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8679 | 5acdf87832bba1001ae4990b | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | For most of the Soviet Union's existence, it was commonly referred to as "Russia," even though technically "Russia" was only one republic within the larger union—albeit by far the largest, most powerful and most highly developed. | What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union? | What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union? | [
"What was the smallest republic in the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64289 | 572813202ca10214002d9d51 | John_von_Neumann | In 1933, von Neumann was offered a lifetime professorship on the faculty of the Institute for Advanced Study when the institute's plan to appoint Hermann Weyl fell through. He remained a mathematics professor there until his death, although he announced that shortly before his intention to resign and become a professor... | Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army? | Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army? | [
"Why was Neuman rejected from joining US Army?"
] | {
"text": [
"age"
],
"answer_start": [
841
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95630 | 5726dcaff1498d1400e8eda2 | Yale_University | Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees an... | What union are Yale's service and maintenance workers a part of? | What union are Yale's service and maintenance workers a part of? | [
"What union are Yale's service and maintenance workers a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Local 35 of the same international"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85178 | 5a7fa1c048f7d9001a0637d3 | Supreme_court | With respect to Pakistan's territories (i.e. FATA, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas and Islamabad Capital Territory (ICT)) the Supreme Court's jurisdiction is rather limited and varies from territory to territory; it can hear appeals only of a constitutional nature from FATA and Northern Areas, while ICT generally function... | What is the Islamabad Territory Capital also known as? | What is the Islamabad Territory Capital also known as? | [
"What is the Islamabad Territory Capital also known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37618 | 572836863acd2414000df718 | London | The 2011 census showed that 36.7 per cent of Greater London's population were born outside the UK. The table to the right shows the 30 most common countries of birth of London residents in 2011, the date of the last published UK Census. A portion of the German-born population are likely to be British nationals born to ... | What agency is responsible for compiling London's population data? | What agency is responsible for compiling London's population data? | [
"What agency is responsible for compiling London's population data?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Office for National Statistics"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112541 | 5aced57a32bba1001ae4b673 | United_States_Army | Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere fro... | What categories are the U.S. Navy divided into? | What categories are the U.S. Navy divided into? | [
"What categories are the U.S. Navy divided into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4167 | 56bfd6f7a10cfb1400551323 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has received numerous awards. As a solo artist she has sold over 15 million albums in the US, and over 118 million records worldwide (a further 60 million additionally with Destiny's Child), making her one of the best-selling music artists of all time. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed... | How many albums has Beyonce as a solo artist sold in the U.S? | How many albums has Beyonce as a solo artist sold in the U.S? | [
"How many albums has Beyonce as a solo artist sold in the U.S?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 million"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69576 | 5ad422d9604f3c001a4007fa | Houston | The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, t... | How many at-small positions were there originally? | How many at-small positions were there originally? | [
" How many at-small positions were there originally?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87232 | 570b2117ec8fbc190045b845 | Videoconferencing | VRS services have become well developed nationally in Sweden since 1997 and also in the United States since the first decade of the 2000s. With the exception of Sweden, VRS has been provided in Europe for only a few years since the mid-2000s, and as of 2010 has not been made available in many European Union countries, ... | What country is a world leader in providing VRS services? | What country is a world leader in providing VRS services? | [
"What country is a world leader in providing VRS services?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States"
],
"answer_start": [
580
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25516 | 5730f98c05b4da19006bcca3 | Namibia | In 1993, the newly formed government of Namibia received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project. The Ministry of Environment and Tourism with the financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, ... | What does CBNRM stand for? | What does CBNRM stand for? | [
"What does CBNRM stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Community Based Natural Resource Management"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23875 | 5acfbc9377cf76001a685b6c | Federalism | China is the largest unitary state in the world by both population and land area. Although China has had long periods of central rule for centuries, it is often argued that the unitary structure of the Chinese government is far too unwieldy to effectively and equitably manage the country's affairs. On the other hand, C... | How long has China been without centralized power? | How long has China been without centralized power? | [
"How long has China been without centralized power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47133 | 5726a9e9708984140094cd45 | Madonna_(entertainer) | In June 1986, Madonna released her third studio album, True Blue, which was inspired by and dedicated to Sean Penn. Rolling Stone magazine was generally impressed with the effort, writing that the album "sound[s] as if it comes from the heart". It resulted in three singles making it to number-one on the Billboard Hot 1... | Name a soundtrack in the film Who's That Girl? | Name a soundtrack in the film Who's That Girl? | [
"Name a soundtrack in the film Who's That Girl?"
] | {
"text": [
"Causing a Commotion"
],
"answer_start": [
1064
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116309 | 5a6911a38476ee001a58aa68 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Exhibitions and annual horse shows in all districts and a national horse and cattle show at Lahore are held with the official patronage. The national horse and cattle show at Lahore is the biggest festival where sports, exhibitions, and livestock competitions are held. It not only encourages and patronises agricultural... | Which district does not have exhibitions? | Which district does not have exhibitions? | [
"Which district does not have exhibitions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14723 | 573338734776f419006607a5 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | How did Descartes' distinguish types of existence? | How did Descartes' distinguish types of existence? | [
"How did Descartes' distinguish types of existence?"
] | {
"text": [
"two different kinds of real existence, either exclusively material or else exclusively mental"
],
"answer_start": [
725
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16422 | 5731860d05b4da19006bd22f | Muammar_Gaddafi | In the aftermath of the 1986 U.S. attack, the army was purged of perceived disloyal elements, and in 1988, Gaddafi announced the creation of a popular militia to replace the army and police. In 1987, Libya began production of mustard gas at a facility in Rabta, although publicly denying it was stockpiling chemical weap... | Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993? | Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993? | [
"Where did an abortive coup occur in 1993?"
] | {
"text": [
"Misrata"
],
"answer_start": [
803
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79047 | 56cd9ed662d2951400fa6783 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonu... | In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as the Wii? | In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as the Wii? | [
"In what year did Nintendo reveal that the two different releases of Twilight Princess were planned for launch at the same time as the Wii?"
] | {
"text": [
"2006"
],
"answer_start": [
959
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68499 | 570ac45d4103511400d599b5 | Mesozoic | The Early Triassic was between 250 million to 247 million years ago and was dominated by deserts as Pangaea had not yet broken up, thus the interior was nothing but arid. The Earth had just witnessed a massive die-off in which 95% of all life went extinct. The most common life on earth were Lystrosaurus, Labyrinthodont... | What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened?? | What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened?? | [
"What percentage of extinction of species had recently happened??"
] | {
"text": [
"95%"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16107 | 57316b98e6313a140071cf28 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing u... | In what year did the United states bomb Libya? | In what year did the United states bomb Libya? | [
"In what year did the United states bomb Libya?"
] | {
"text": [
"1986"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76151 | 5726c1e7708984140094d0a4 | Utrecht | From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the inf... | What was built in the 7th century | What was built in the 7th century | [
"What was built in the 7th century "
] | {
"text": [
"a church was built within the walls of the Roman fortress"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32420 | 570dea9c0b85d914000d7bd7 | Antarctica | Antarctica is the coldest of Earth's continents. The coldest natural temperature ever recorded on Earth was −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F) at the Soviet (now Russian) Vostok Station in Antarctica on 21 July 1983. For comparison, this is 10.7 °C (20 °F) colder than subliming dry ice at one atmosphere of partial pressure, but sinc... | What light caused condition is a serious problem for humans in Antarctica? | What light caused condition is a serious problem for humans in Antarctica? | [
"What light caused condition is a serious problem for humans in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sunburn"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53416 | 5a515d71ce860b001aa3fd44 | Sichuan | Established in 1988, Chengdu Hi-tech Industrial Development Zone (Chinese: 成都高新技术产业开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū Gāoxīn Jìshù Chǎnyè Kāifā Qū) was approved as one of the first national hi-tech development zones in 1991. In 2000, it was open to APEC and has been recognized as a national advanced hi-tech development zone in succe... | Wat development zone was established in 1991? | Wat development zone was established in 1991? | [
"Wat development zone was established in 1991?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61622 | 5a627caef8d794001af1c034 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's economy is connected to both its role as the provincial capital of Newfoundland and Labrador and to the ocean. The civil service which is supported by the federal, provincial and municipal governments has been the key to the expansion of the city's labour force and to the stability of its economy, which supp... | When is White Rose expected to be producing oil? | When is White Rose expected to be producing oil? | [
"When is White Rose expected to be producing oil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98736 | 5a5fe4d1eae51e001ab14cf1 | Marvel_Comics | Marvel first licensed two prose novels to Bantam Books, who printed The Avengers Battle the Earth Wrecker by Otto Binder (1967) and Captain America: The Great Gold Steal by Ted White (1968). Various publishers took up the licenses from 1978 to 2002. Also, with the various licensed films being released beginning in 1997... | When did Marvel switch to the Disney Books Group? | When did Marvel switch to the Disney Books Group? | [
"When did Marvel switch to the Disney Books Group?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49320 | 5a871df11d3cee001a6a10e2 | Tuberculosis | The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that caused by infection with HIV. In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year. Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially t... | Reactivation is caused by what disease? | Reactivation is caused by what disease? | [
"Reactivation is caused by what disease?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52379 | 5ad39976604f3c001a3fe83a | Miami | Florida High Speed Rail was a proposed government backed high-speed rail system that would have connected Miami, Orlando, and Tampa. The first phase was planned to connect Orlando and Tampa and was offered federal funding, but it was turned down by Governor Rick Scott in 2011. The second phase of the line was envisione... | Who was the governor of Florida in 2001? | Who was the governor of Florida in 2001? | [
"Who was the governor of Florida in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21073 | 5a770f312d6d7f001a4a9f1f | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Through the force of sheer numbers, the English-speaking American settlers entering the Southwest established their language, culture, and law as dominant, to the extent it fully displaced Spanish in the public sphere; this is why the United States never developed bilingualism as Canada did. For example, the California... | What had no English-speaking participants? | What had no English-speaking participants? | [
"What had no English-speaking participants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62413 | 5728e8b43acd2414000e01ab | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | The party's leader is Malcolm Turnbull and its deputy leader is Julie Bishop. The pair were elected to their positions at the September 2015 Liberal leadership ballot, Bishop as the incumbent deputy leader and Turnbull as a replacement for Tony Abbott, whom he consequently succeeded as Prime Minister of Australia. Now ... | Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader? | Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader? | [
"Who is the Australian Liberal Party's leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Malcolm Turnbull"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11677 | 56fad69b8f12f319006301dc | Somalis | According to an autosomal DNA study by Hodgson et al. (2014), the Afro-Asiatic languages were likely spread across Africa and the Near East by an ancestral population(s) carrying a newly identified non-African genetic component, which the researchers dub the "Ethio-Somali". This Ethio-Somali component is today most com... | According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages? | According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages? | [
"According to Hodgson, what ancestral people spread the Afro-Asiatic languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ethio-Somali"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21405 | 56e6dbd66fe0821900b8ebf4 | Adult_contemporary_music | A large portion of music played on this format are either considered oldies or recurrent. It often deals with modern romantic and sexual relationships (and sometimes other adult themes such as work, raising children, and family) in a thoughtful and complex way. Soft AC, which has never minded keeping songs in high rota... | Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss? | Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss? | [
"Along with romantic and sexual relationships, family and work, what do soft adult contemporary songs sometimes discuss?"
] | {
"text": [
"raising children"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99007 | 57277c71dd62a815002e9e62 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting. In April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Grauman's Chinese Theater and the Grauman's Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. Hosted by Robert Osborne, the four-day long annual festival cel... | In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award? | In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award? | [
"In what year did TCM receive a Peabody Award?"
] | {
"text": [
"2008"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70744 | 5731123fe6313a140071cbec | Bird | The consensus view in contemporary paleontology is that the flying theropods, or avialans, are the closest relatives of the deinonychosaurs, which include dromaeosaurids and troodontids. Together, these form a group called Paraves. Some basal members of this group, such as Microraptor, have features which may have enab... | Dromaeosaurids and troodontids are members of what group? | Dromaeosaurids and troodontids are members of what group? | [
"Dromaeosaurids and troodontids are members of what group?"
] | {
"text": [
"deinonychosaurs"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103391 | 571df3d555697319006390c6 | Multiracial_American | After the Civil War, racial segregation forced African Americans to share more of a common lot in society than they might have given widely varying ancestry, educational and economic levels. The binary division altered the separate status of the traditionally free people of color in Louisiana, for instance, although th... | As an example, whose status was downgraded after the civil war? | As an example, whose status was downgraded after the civil war? | [
"As an example, whose status was downgraded after the civil war?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditionally free people of color in Louisiana"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78211 | 57277eae708984140094df25 | Child_labour | What industries children work in depends on if they grew up in a rural area or an urban area. Children who were born in urban areas often found themselves working for street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers. While children who grew up i... | Where did children from urban areas primarily work? | Where did children from urban areas primarily work? | [
"Where did children from urban areas primarily work?"
] | {
"text": [
"street vendors, washing cars, helping in construction sites, weaving clothing, and sometimes even working as exotic dancers"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24557 | 56ce34c7aab44d1400b88595 | New_York_City | A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he retu... | Who commanded the Spanish expedition? | Who commanded the Spanish expedition? | [
"Who commanded the Spanish expedition?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estêvão Gomes"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99861 | 56fb91df8ddada1400cd64f8 | Middle_Ages | During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308)[AH] and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348), led a reaction against scholasticism, objecting to the application of reason to faith. Their efforts undermined the prevailing Platonic idea of "universals". Ockham's insistence that reason operates inde... | Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by? | Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by? | [
"Before Roman law, what were areas of jurisprudence traditionally decided by?"
] | {
"text": [
"customary law"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54408 | 56df6bf35ca0a614008f9a00 | Christian | In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia. | What does the term refer to now? | What does the term refer to now? | [
"What does the term refer to now? "
] | {
"text": [
"the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84188 | 5ad370ad604f3c001a3fe261 | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Separation of powers is a political doctrine originating in the writings of Montesquieu in The Spirit of the Laws where he urged for a constitutional government with three separate branches of government. Each of the three branches would have defined abilities to check the powers of the other branches. This idea was ca... | Which document was greatly influenced by the idea of a constitutional government? | Which document was greatly influenced by the idea of a constitutional government? | [
"Which document was greatly influenced by the idea of a constitutional government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1721 | 570b3b4dec8fbc190045b8fc | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The United States originally wished to remain neutral when World War I broke out in August 1914. However, it insisted on its right as a neutral party to immunity from German submarine attack, even though its ships carried food and raw materials to Britain. In 1917 the Germans resumed submarine attacks, knowing that it ... | When World War I started, what was the official US position? | When World War I started, what was the official US position? | [
"When World War I started, what was the official US position?"
] | {
"text": [
"neutral"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80734 | 57257bd469ff041400e58e01 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria later described her childhood as "rather melancholy". Her mother was extremely protective, and Victoria was raised largely isolated from other children under the so-called "Kensington System", an elaborate set of rules and protocols devised by the Duchess and her ambitious and domineering comptroller, Sir John... | Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort? | Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort? | [
"Who was the Duchess' comptroller and cohort?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir John Conroy"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94070 | 5727a9b13acd2414000de91a | Cork_(city) | The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English ... | What would citizens of Cork pay to neighboring lords in order to prevent them from attacking their city? | What would citizens of Cork pay to neighboring lords in order to prevent them from attacking their city? | [
"What would citizens of Cork pay to neighboring lords in order to prevent them from attacking their city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Black Rent"
],
"answer_start": [
413
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26547 | 5731954b497a88190024908a | University | Although the initial focus of the humanist scholars in the university was the discovery, exposition and insertion of ancient texts and languages into the university, and the ideas of those texts into society generally, their influence was ultimately quite progressive. The emergence of classical texts brought new ideas ... | A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study? | A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study? | [
"A concentration on the study of the self resulted in what field of study?"
] | {
"text": [
"the humanities"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113005 | 570d7b4db3d812140066d9cb | Adolescence | The major landmark of puberty for males is the first ejaculation, which occurs, on average, at age 13. For females, it is menarche, the onset of menstruation, which occurs, on average, between ages 12 and 13. The age of menarche is influenced by heredity, but a girl's diet and lifestyle contribute as well. Regardless o... | What is a male's major landmark of puberty? | What is a male's major landmark of puberty? | [
"What is a male's major landmark of puberty?"
] | {
"text": [
"first ejaculation"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62026 | 572a8f95111d821400f38bf2 | Madrasa | Western commentators post-9/11 often perceive madaris as places of radical revivalism with a connotation of anti-Americanism and radical extremism, frequently associated in the Western press with Wahhabi attitudes toward non-Muslims. In Arabic the word madrasa simply means "school" and does not imply a political or rel... | What is the common western perception of the teaching received at madaris? | What is the common western perception of the teaching received at madaris? | [
"What is the common western perception of the teaching received at madaris?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-Americanism and radical extremism"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84988 | 5a283a59d1a287001a6d0b07 | Mali | Mali lies in the torrid zone and is among the hottest countries in the world. The thermal equator, which matches the hottest spots year-round on the planet based on the mean daily annual temperature, crosses the country. Most of Mali receives negligible rainfall and droughts are very frequent. Late June to early Decemb... | What is the hottest country in the world? | What is the hottest country in the world? | [
"What is the hottest country in the world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97857 | 5a82053031013a001a3350de | Humanism | Better acquaintance with Greek and Roman technical writings also influenced the development of European science (see the history of science in the Renaissance). This was despite what A. C. Crombie (viewing the Renaissance in the 19th-century manner as a chapter in the heroic March of Progress) calls "a backwards-lookin... | Who was always interested in scientific innovation? | Who was always interested in scientific innovation? | [
"Who was always interested in scientific innovation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55696 | 5acfded977cf76001a68636b | Presbyterianism | In the mainly Christian Indian state of Mizoram, the Presbyterian denomination is the largest denomination; it was brought to the region with missionaries from Wales in 1894. Prior to Mizoram, the Welsh Presbyterians (missionaries) started venturing into the north-east of India through the Khasi Hills (presently locate... | Where did the Welsh missionaries establish their first church in 1894? | Where did the Welsh missionaries establish their first church in 1894? | [
"Where did the Welsh missionaries establish their first church in 1894?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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