gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-69775 | 5ad497fcba00c4001a268ce0 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, which can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage ... | What isn't SkyDrive? | What isn't SkyDrive? | [
"What isn't SkyDrive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24385 | 56de10f64396321400ee259a | Lighting | Indoor lighting is usually accomplished using light fixtures, and is a key part of interior design. Lighting can also be an intrinsic component of landscape projects. | What is considered a key part of interior design? | What is considered a key part of interior design? | [
"What is considered a key part of interior design?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indoor lighting"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60181 | 5ace16e932bba1001ae49a95 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | After working for many years at the University of Chicago, Arthur Holly Compton returned to St. Louis in 1946 to serve as Washington University's ninth chancellor. Compton reestablished the Washington University football team, making the declaration that athletics were to be henceforth played on a "strictly amateur" ba... | In what year did the University of Chicago get founded? | In what year did the University of Chicago get founded? | [
"In what year did the University of Chicago get founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70432 | 56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f4 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home? | What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home? | [
"What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?"
] | {
"text": [
"beer or cider"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37397 | 5727ba374b864d1900163b96 | Switzerland | Three of Europe's major languages are official in Switzerland. Swiss culture is characterised by diversity, which is reflected in a wide range of traditional customs. A region may be in some ways strongly culturally connected to the neighbouring country that shares its language, the country itself being rooted in weste... | What culture is linguistically isolated from the rest of Switzerland? | What culture is linguistically isolated from the rest of Switzerland? | [
"What culture is linguistically isolated from the rest of Switzerland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romansh"
],
"answer_start": [
369
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23046 | 5ad0b948645df0001a2d017d | Human_Development_Index | The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)," and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum... | What does IHDI2 stand for? | What does IHDI2 stand for? | [
" What does IHDI2 stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60355 | 5ace311b32bba1001ae49d65 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The school has many nationally and internationally acclaimed scholars in social security, health care, health disparities, communication, social and health policy, and individual and family development. Many of the faculty have training in both social work and public health. The school's current dean is Edward F. Lawlo... | How many academic journal subscriptions does the Brown School Library have for family therapy? | How many academic journal subscriptions does the Brown School Library have for family therapy? | [
"How many academic journal subscriptions does the Brown School Library have for family therapy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113787 | 56f977009b226e1400dd1479 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Additionally, there are a number of Assistant Chiefs of Defence Staff, including the Assistant Chief of the Defence Staff (Reserves and Cadets) and the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom, who is also the Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Personnel). | The Personnel Chief is also known as what? | The Personnel Chief is also known as what? | [
"The Personnel Chief is also known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Defence Services Secretary in the Royal Household of the Sovereign of the United Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17533 | 56cf34b0aab44d1400b88e40 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Bond travels to Austria to find White, who is dying of thallium poisoning. He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Américain; this will in turn lead him to Spectre. White then commits suicide. Bond locates Swann at the Ho... | Who does Mr. White ask James Bond to protect? | Who does Mr. White ask James Bond to protect? | [
"Who does Mr. White ask James Bond to protect?"
] | {
"text": [
"his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112413 | 5aceb6d132bba1001ae4b137 | United_States_Army | The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military he... | What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from? | What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from? | [
"What European did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35088 | 571a704810f8ca1400305031 | Memory | Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Pa... | Which type of memory enables us to remember knowledge of the world? | Which type of memory enables us to remember knowledge of the world? | [
"Which type of memory enables us to remember knowledge of the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Semantic memory"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23135 | 5ad0d2f5645df0001a2d0560 | Human_Development_Index | The Human Development Report for 2007/2008 was launched in Brasília, Brazil, on November 27, 2007. Its focus was on "Fighting climate change: Human solidarity in a divided world." Most of the data used for the report are derived largely from 2005 or earlier, thus indicating an HDI for 2005. Not all UN member states cho... | On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released? | On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released? | [
"On what date was the 2008/2009 Human Development Report released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51877 | 570c5eb8b3d812140066d197 | John,_King_of_England | Historical interpretations of John have been subject to considerable change over the years. Medieval chroniclers provided the first contemporary, or near contemporary, histories of John's reign. One group of chroniclers wrote early in John's life, or around the time of his accession, including Richard of Devizes, Willi... | Which historians wrote early in John's life? | Which historians wrote early in John's life? | [
"Which historians wrote early in John's life?"
] | {
"text": [
"Richard of Devizes, William of Newburgh, Roger of Hoveden and Ralph de Diceto"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20675 | 56cca3676d243a140015f055 | IPod | The games are in the form of .ipg files, which are actually .zip archives in disguise[citation needed]. When unzipped, they reveal executable files along with common audio and image files, leading to the possibility of third party games. Apple has not publicly released a software development kit (SDK) for iPod-specific... | What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played? | What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played? | [
"What is the only operating system on which iPhone SDK-made games can be played?"
] | {
"text": [
"iOS"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9822 | 5727f67d3acd2414000df0f0 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 11 October 1951, the Wafd government abrogated the 1936 Anglo-Egyptian Treaty, which had given the British control over the Suez Canal until 1956. The popularity of this move, as well as that of government-sponsored guerrilla attacks against the British, put pressure on Nasser to act. According to Sadat, Nasser deci... | Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate? | Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate? | [
"Who did Nasser's group try to assassinate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hussein Sirri Amer"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14900 | 573363194776f4190066098a | Alfred_North_Whitehead | It should be emphasized, however, that for Whitehead God is not necessarily tied to religion. Rather than springing primarily from religious faith, Whitehead saw God as necessary for his metaphysical system. His system required that an order exist among possibilities, an order that allowed for novelty in the world and ... | What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God? | What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God? | [
"What did Whitehead view as the second nature of God?"
] | {
"text": [
"the consequent nature"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61712 | 57282e5c4b864d1900164672 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | CJON-DT, known on air as "NTV", is an independent station. The station sublicenses entertainment programming from Global and news programming from CTV and Global, rather than purchasing primary broadcast rights. Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters in St. John's, and their community channel Rogers TV airs local... | Where does Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters? | Where does Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters? | [
"Where does Rogers Cable has its provincial headquarters?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75552 | 5726c6385951b619008f7dc5 | Cubism | At the Salon d'Automne of the same year, in addition to the Indépendants group of Salle 41, were exhibited works by André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka. The exhibition was reviewed in the October 8, 1911 issue of The New York Times. This artic... | List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne? | List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne? | [
"List the artists who were featured in the Salon d'Automne? "
] | {
"text": [
"André Lhote, Marcel Duchamp, Jacques Villon, Roger de La Fresnaye, André Dunoyer de Segonzac and František Kupka"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73623 | 56db44cbe7c41114004b4fe8 | American_Idol | The declining trend however continued into season eight, as total viewers numbers fell by 5–10% for early episodes compared to season seven, and by 9% for the finale. In season nine, Idol's six-year extended streak of perfection in the ratings was broken, when NBC's coverage of the 2010 Winter Olympics on February 17 b... | What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine? | What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine? | [
"What finally beat Idol in the ratings during season nine?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010 Winter Olympics"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96126 | 5728c0daff5b5019007da600 | Paris | Louis XVI and the royal family were brought to Paris and made virtual prisoners within the Tuileries Palace. In 1793, as the revolution turned more and more radical, the king, queen, and the mayor were guillotined, along with more than 16,000 others (throughout France), during the Reign of Terror. The property of the a... | Where did Louis XVI and his family live? | Where did Louis XVI and his family live? | [
"Where did Louis XVI and his family live?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tuileries Palace"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75898 | 57060cc575f01819005e78f2 | The_Times | The Times commissioned the serif typeface Times New Roman, created by Victor Lardent at the English branch of Monotype, in 1931. It was commissioned after Stanley Morison had written an article criticizing The Times for being badly printed and typographically antiquated. The font was supervised by Morison and drawn by ... | The Times commissioned what serif typeface in 1931? | The Times commissioned what serif typeface in 1931? | [
"The Times commissioned what serif typeface in 1931?"
] | {
"text": [
"Times New Roman"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31773 | 570d9bebdf2f5219002ed025 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Some nations started rocket research before World War II, including for anti-aircraft use. Further research started during the war. The first step was unguided missile systems like the British 2-inch RP and 3-inch, which was fired in large numbers from Z batteries, and were also fitted to warships. The firing of one of... | What was the US military's counterpart to the British Stooge to counter the attacks by Kamikazes? | What was the US military's counterpart to the British Stooge to counter the attacks by Kamikazes? | [
"What was the US military's counterpart to the British Stooge to counter the attacks by Kamikazes?"
] | {
"text": [
"American Lark"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48800 | 571a87ce4faf5e1900b8aa22 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | Through the influence of the Eusebian faction at Constantinople, an Arian bishop, George of Cappadocia, was now appointed to rule the see of Alexandria. Athanasius, after remaining some days in the neighbourhood of the city, finally withdrew into the desert of Upper Egypt, where he remained for a period of six years, l... | Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia? | Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia? | [
"Who influenced the appointment of George of Cappadocia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Eusebian faction at Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13473 | 56e7b87f00c9c71400d7755b | Nanjing | In the past 20 years, several commercial streets have been developed, hence the nightlife has become more diverse: there are shopping malls opening late in the Xinjiekou CBD and Hunan Road. The well-established "Nanjing 1912" district hosts a wide variety of recreational facilities ranging from traditional restaurants ... | The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom? | The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom? | [
"The two areas with a lot of bars are popular with whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"international residents of the city"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3031 | 5acda5cd07355d001abf48b8 | British_Isles | Another body established under the Good Friday Agreement, the British–Irish Council, is made up of all of the states and territories of the British Isles. The British–Irish Parliamentary Assembly (Irish: Tionól Pharlaiminteach na Breataine agus na hÉireann) predates the British–Irish Council and was established in 1990... | In what year was the British-Scottish Parliamentary Assembly formed? | In what year was the British-Scottish Parliamentary Assembly formed? | [
"In what year was the British-Scottish Parliamentary Assembly formed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106070 | 56e108fce3433e1400422b14 | Space_Race | Apollo 11 left lunar orbit and returned to Earth, landing safely in the Pacific Ocean on July 24, 1969. When the spacecraft splashed down, 2,982 days had passed since Kennedy's commitment to landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely to the Earth before the end of the decade; the mission was completed with 161 ... | When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth? | When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth? | [
"When did the Apollo 11 mission land back on Earth?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 24, 1969"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98634 | 5a5fd1bbeae51e001ab14c8c | Marvel_Comics | Goodman, now disconnected from Marvel, set up a new company called Seaboard Periodicals in 1974, reviving Marvel's old Atlas name for a new Atlas Comics line, but this lasted only a year and a half. In the mid-1970s a decline of the newsstand distribution network affected Marvel. Cult hits such as Howard the Duck fell ... | When was Howard the Duck launched? | When was Howard the Duck launched? | [
"When was Howard the Duck launched?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7415 | 5a8c2e86fd22b3001a8d8609 | Database | A database management system (DBMS) is a computer software application that interacts with the user, other applications, and the database itself to capture and analyze data. A general-purpose DBMS is designed to allow the definition, creation, querying, update, and administration of databases. Well-known DBMSs include ... | What is generally portable across different DBMSs? | What is generally portable across different DBMSs? | [
"What is generally portable across different DBMSs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90027 | 5726a91c5951b619008f7960 | Somerset | Tourism is a major industry, estimated in 2001 to support around 23,000 people. Attractions include the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton. The town of Glastonbury has mythical associations, including leg... | Some of the county attractions are | Some of the county attractions are | [
"Some of the county attractions are "
] | {
"text": [
"the coastal towns, part of the Exmoor National Park, the West Somerset Railway (a heritage railway), and the museum of the Fleet Air Arm at RNAS Yeovilton"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46023 | 57323f34b9d445190005e91a | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | On July 26, 1931, at a convention in Columbus, Ohio, Rutherford introduced the new name—Jehovah's witnesses—based on Isaiah 43:10: "Ye are my witnesses, saith Jehovah, and my servant whom I have chosen"—which was adopted by resolution. The name was chosen to distinguish his group of Bible Students from other independen... | Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from? | Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from? | [
"Where were appointments in congregations worldwide made from?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Brooklyn headquarters"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48289 | 56fa3a3b8f12f319006300f6 | Wood | The single most revealing property of wood as an indicator of wood quality is specific gravity (Timell 1986), as both pulp yield and lumber strength are determined by it. Specific gravity is the ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of water; density is the ratio of a mass of a quantity of a s... | When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density? | When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density? | [
"When wood dries and shrinks, what happens to its density?"
] | {
"text": [
"increases"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68134 | 5ad421e5604f3c001a40078b | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines. The Spoleto Festival is internationally recognized as America's premier performing arts festival. The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival tak... | The Holiday Festival of Lights aren't held where? | The Holiday Festival of Lights aren't held where? | [
"The Holiday Festival of Lights aren't held where?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54843 | 5ad564345b96ef001a10ad8d | Macintosh | Notwithstanding these technical and commercial successes on the Macintosh platform, their systems remained fairly expensive, making them less competitive in light of the falling costs of components that made IBM PC compatibles cheaper and accelerated their adoption. In 1989, Jean-Louis Gassée had steadfastly refused to... | Who was Eric Loren? | Who was Eric Loren? | [
"Who was Eric Loren?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53038 | 5706791075f01819005e7bb1 | Bird_migration | Seabird migration is similar in pattern to those of the waders and waterfowl. Some, such as the black guillemot Cepphus grylle and some gulls, are quite sedentary; others, such as most terns and auks breeding in the temperate northern hemisphere, move varying distances south in the northern winter. The Arctic tern Ster... | How far did the Arctic tern chick travel? | How far did the Arctic tern chick travel? | [
"How far did the Arctic tern chick travel?"
] | {
"text": [
"22,000 km"
],
"answer_start": [
678
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100637 | 5a283015d1a287001a6d0ad1 | Post-punk | During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointed... | Who never released music on their own label? | Who never released music on their own label? | [
"Who never released music on their own label?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104416 | 5ad22fced7d075001a42869a | Mandolin | The bandolim (Portuguese for "mandolin") was a favourite instrument within the Portuguese bourgeoisie of the 19th century, but its rapid spread took it to other places, joining other instruments. Today you can see mandolins as part of the traditional and folk culture of Portuguese singing groups and the majority of the... | What does bandolin mean? | What does bandolin mean? | [
" What does bandolin mean?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89783 | 57304d95069b53140083202f | The_Blitz | In the north, substantial efforts were made against Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland, which were large ports on the English east coast. On 9 April 1941 Luftflotte 2 dropped 150 tons of high explosives and 50,000 incendiaries from 120 bombers in a five-hour attack. Sewer, rail, docklands, and electric installations we... | What were two large ports on the English east coast in the North? | What were two large ports on the English east coast in the North? | [
"What were two large ports on the English east coast in the North?"
] | {
"text": [
"Newcastle-upon-Tyne and Sunderland"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83347 | 5ad24fedd7d075001a428c9d | Dominican_Order | The province of France has produced a large number of preachers. The conferences of Notre-Dame-de-Paris were inaugurated by Père Lacordaire. The Dominicans of the province of France furnished Lacordaire (1835–1836, 1843–1851), Jacques Monsabré (1869–1870, 1872–1890), Joseph Ollivier (1871, 1897), Thomas Etourneau (1898... | What did English Dominican found and administer? | What did English Dominican found and administer? | [
"What did English Dominican found and administer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43722 | 56d0fb0317492d1400aab6cd | Kanye_West | Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents divorced when he was three and he and his mother moved to Chicago, Illinois. His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian coun... | What was the name of Kanye West's high school? | What was the name of Kanye West's high school? | [
"What was the name of Kanye West's high school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Polaris High School"
],
"answer_start": [
706
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64748 | 573412ccd058e614000b68ec | Portugal | Scientific and technological research activities in Portugal are mainly conducted within a network of R&D units belonging to public universities and state-managed autonomous research institutions like the INETI – Instituto Nacional de Engenharia, Tecnologia e Inovação and the INRB – Instituto Nacional dos Recursos Biol... | By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system? | By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system? | [
"By which ministry is authority granted for funding and managing Portugal's research system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education (MCTES)"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70657 | 56dfefe9231d4119001abec4 | Pub | The number of pubs in the UK has declined year on year, at least since 1982. Various reasons are put forward for this, such as the failure of some establishments to keep up with customer requirements. Others claim the smoking ban of 2007, intense competition from gastro-pubs, the availability of cheap alcohol in superm... | In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline? | In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline? | [
"In what year did the number of United Kingdom pubs generally start to decline?"
] | {
"text": [
"1982"
],
"answer_start": [
71
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93379 | 5ad19496645df0001a2d205f | Light-emitting_diode | LEDs have been developed by Seoul Semiconductor that can operate on AC power without the need for a DC converter. For each half-cycle, part of the LED emits light and part is dark, and this is reversed during the next half-cycle. The efficacy of this type of HP-LED is typically 40 lm/W. A large number of LED elements i... | What is the efficacy of an non-AC powered HP-LED? | What is the efficacy of an non-AC powered HP-LED? | [
"What is the efficacy of an non-AC powered HP-LED?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14322 | 572ed6c8c246551400ce4702 | Han_dynasty | Ban Chao (d. AD 102) enlisted the aid of the Kushan Empire, occupying the area of modern India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Tajikistan, to subdue Kashgar and its ally Sogdiana. When a request by Kushan ruler Vima Kadphises (r. c. 90–c. 100 AD) for a marriage alliance with the Han was rejected in AD 90, he sent his force... | Which ruler requested a marriage alliance with the Han in AD 90? | Which ruler requested a marriage alliance with the Han in AD 90? | [
"Which ruler requested a marriage alliance with the Han in AD 90?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vima Kadphises"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95902 | 5a132a07c8eab200188dc92d | Hokkien | During the Three Kingdoms period of ancient China, there was constant warfare occurring in the Central Plain of China. Northerners began to enter into Fujian region, causing the region to incorporate parts of northern Chinese dialects. However, the massive migration of northern Han Chinese into Fujian region mainly occ... | What court fled from the south to the north during the three Kings period? | What court fled from the south to the north during the three Kings period? | [
"What court fled from the south to the north during the three Kings period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45398 | 5a611cdbe9e1cc001a33cf3e | Sahara | By 500 BCE, Greeks arrived in the desert. Greek traders spread along the eastern coast of the desert, establishing trading colonies along the Red Sea. The Carthaginians explored the Atlantic coast of the desert, but the turbulence of the waters and the lack of markets caused a lack of presence further south than modern... | When did the Greeks abandon the desert? | When did the Greeks abandon the desert? | [
"When did the Greeks abandon the desert?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62429 | 5a6a42635ce1a5001a96977e | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Socially, while liberty and freedom of enterprise form the basis of its beliefs, elements of the party have wavered between what is termed "small-l liberalism" and social conservatism. Historically, Liberal Governments have been responsible for the carriage of a number of notable "socially liberal" reforms, including t... | Who was a West Australian artist? | Who was a West Australian artist? | [
"Who was a West Australian artist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96953 | 5a21d7a58a6e4f001aa08f5c | Canon_law | The law of the Eastern Catholic Churches in full union with Rome was in much the same state as that of the Latin or Western Church before 1917; much more diversity in legislation existed in the various Eastern Catholic Churches. Each had its own special law, in which custom still played an important part. In 1929 Pius ... | When did Pius IX announced his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern churches? | When did Pius IX announced his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern churches? | [
"When did Pius IX announced his goal of codifying the law of all Eastern churches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65865 | 5719e7464faf5e1900b8a846 | Seattle | From 1981 to 2010, the average annual precipitation measured at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport was 37.49 inches (952 mm). Annual precipitation has ranged from 23.78 in (604 mm) in 1952 to 55.14 in (1,401 mm) in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is 23.16 in (588 mm) in 1976–7... | What weather factor produces a great variance in local climates in the Seattle area? | What weather factor produces a great variance in local climates in the Seattle area? | [
"What weather factor produces a great variance in local climates in the Seattle area?"
] | {
"text": [
"variations in microclimate"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68443 | 5a36b43195360f001af1b30c | George_VI | In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern Briti... | Who was Lord Beaverbrook in 1940? | Who was Lord Beaverbrook in 1940? | [
"Who was Lord Beaverbrook in 1940?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49552 | 570d4fd7fed7b91900d45e6d | Valencia | In its long history, Valencia has acquired many local traditions and festivals, among them the Falles, which were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest (Fiestas de Interés Turístico Internacional) on 25 January 1965, and the Water Tribunal of Valencia (Tribunal de las Aguas de Valencia), which was d... | What Valencian festivals were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest? | What Valencian festivals were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest? | [
"What Valencian festivals were declared Celebrations of International Touristic Interest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Falles"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95103 | 56df7e4f5ca0a614008f9b38 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | His family was long associated with the teaching of elocution: his grandfather, Alexander Bell, in London, his uncle in Dublin, and his father, in Edinburgh, were all elocutionists. His father published a variety of works on the subject, several of which are still well known, especially his The Standard Elocutionist (1... | What was Bell's father most famous for publishing? | What was Bell's father most famous for publishing? | [
"What was Bell's father most famous for publishing?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Standard Elocutionist"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50251 | 5aceded532bba1001ae4b7dd | Neptune | Some of the earliest recorded observations ever made through a telescope, Galileo's drawings on 28 December 1612 and 27 January 1613, contain plotted points that match up with what is now known to be the position of Neptune. On both occasions, Galileo seems to have mistaken Neptune for a fixed star when it appeared clo... | Who first researched the original observation of Neptune? | Who first researched the original observation of Neptune? | [
" Who first researched the original observation of Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13153 | 5ad0290d77cf76001a686c1f | Republic_of_the_Congo | Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in... | How many languages are spoken outside of the Congo? | How many languages are spoken outside of the Congo? | [
"How many languages are spoken outside of the Congo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102993 | 57280ea3ff5b5019007d9bfa | Unicode | Rendering software which cannot process a Unicode character appropriately often displays it as an open rectangle, or the Unicode "replacement character" (U+FFFD, �), to indicate the position of the unrecognized character. Some systems have made attempts to provide more information about such characters. The Apple's Las... | What company uses the Unicode Fallback font? | What company uses the Unicode Fallback font? | [
"What company uses the Unicode Fallback font? "
] | {
"text": [
"SIL International"
],
"answer_start": [
421
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77965 | 5acd64f207355d001abf4099 | Strasbourg | Between the German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 and the Anglo-French declaration of War against the German Reich on 3 September 1939, the entire city (a total of 120,000 people) was evacuated, like other border towns as well. Until the arrival of the Wehrmacht troops mid-June 1940, the city was, for ten month... | How many Jews of Strasbourg were evacuated? | How many Jews of Strasbourg were evacuated? | [
"How many Jews of Strasbourg were evacuated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80369 | 572fc5c004bcaa1900d76ce9 | Bacteria | Unlike in multicellular organisms, increases in cell size (cell growth) and reproduction by cell division are tightly linked in unicellular organisms. Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce through binary fission, a form of asexual reproduction. Under optimal conditions, bacteria can grow and divide extremely... | How size and reproduction are linked in bacteria? | How size and reproduction are linked in bacteria? | [
"How size and reproduction are linked in bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bacteria grow to a fixed size and then reproduce"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60572 | 57277c695951b619008f8b21 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Borders Books, started in Ann Arbor, was opened by brothers Tom and Louis Borders in 1971 with a stock of used books. The Borders chain was based in the city, as was its flagship store until it closed in September 2011. Domino's Pizza's headquarters is near Ann Arbor on Domino's Farms, a 271-acre (110 ha) Frank Lloyd W... | Avfuel, a global supplier of what services is headquartered in Ann Arbor? | Avfuel, a global supplier of what services is headquartered in Ann Arbor? | [
"Avfuel, a global supplier of what services is headquartered in Ann Arbor?"
] | {
"text": [
"aviation fuels"
],
"answer_start": [
892
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69420 | 5ad41de2604f3c001a4005f5 | Houston | According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 656.3 square miles (1,700 km2); this comprises 634.0 square miles (1,642 km2) of land and 22.3 square miles (58 km2) of water. The Piney Woods is north of Houston. Most of Houston is located on the gulf coastal plain, and its vegetation is class... | What is the square mile area of Texas? | What is the square mile area of Texas? | [
"What is the square mile area of Texas?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97884 | 573284c406a3a419008acac7 | Humanism | Active in the early 1920s, F.C.S. Schiller labelled his work "humanism" but for Schiller the term referred to the pragmatist philosophy he shared with William James. In 1929, Charles Francis Potter founded the First Humanist Society of New York whose advisory board included Julian Huxley, John Dewey, Albert Einstein an... | What 19th century author associated his works with humanism? | What 19th century author associated his works with humanism? | [
"What 19th century author associated his works with humanism?"
] | {
"text": [
"F.C.S. Schiller"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2367 | 56d1e4f7e7d4791d00902394 | Buddhism | Not-self (Pāli: anatta; Sanskrit: anātman) is the third mark of existence. Upon careful examination, one finds that no phenomenon is really "I" or "mine"; these concepts are in fact constructed by the mind. In the Nikayas anatta is not meant as a metaphysical assertion, but as an approach for gaining release from suffe... | What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts? | What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts? | [
"What is the term for constantly changing physical and mental parts?"
] | {
"text": [
"skandhas"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51945 | 570c672cb3d812140066d1d7 | John,_King_of_England | John initially adopted a defensive posture similar to that of 1199: avoiding open battle and carefully defending his key castles. John's operations became more chaotic as the campaign progressed, and Philip began to make steady progress in the east. John became aware in July that Arthur's forces were threatening his mo... | Who was caught by surprised? | Who was caught by surprised? | [
"Who was caught by surprised?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arthur"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101176 | 5726d35edd62a815002e917c | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | From April–July, Soviet and German officials made statements regarding the potential for the beginning of political negotiations, while no actual negotiations took place during that time period. The ensuing discussion of a potential political deal between Germany and the Soviet Union had to be channeled into the framew... | Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his favorable attitude towards the west? | Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his favorable attitude towards the west? | [
"Which Soviet Foreign Minister lost his job because of his favorable attitude towards the west?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maxim Litvinov"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59516 | 5ad1635a645df0001a2d1955 | Electric_motor | To minimize overall weight and size, miniature PM motors may use high energy magnets made with neodymium or other strategic elements; most such are neodymium-iron-boron alloy. With their higher flux density, electric machines with high-energy PMs are at least competitive with all optimally designed singly-fed synchrono... | What are high energy magnets never made of? | What are high energy magnets never made of? | [
" What are high energy magnets never made of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6861 | 5ad4d31b5b96ef001a10a202 | Red | Red was the color of the banner of the Byzantine emperors. In Western Europe, Emperor Charlemagne painted his palace red as a very visible symbol of his authority, and wore red shoes at his coronation. Kings, princes and, beginning in 1295, Roman Catholic cardinals began to wear red costumes. When Abbe Suger rebuilt Sa... | Who wore red shoes as a symbol of authority? | Who wore red shoes as a symbol of authority? | [
"Who wore red shoes as a symbol of authority?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112363 | 57293db73f37b3190047817c | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What do some research suggest medical practices should maintain their focus on? | What do some research suggest medical practices should maintain their focus on? | [
"What do some research suggest medical practices should maintain their focus on?"
] | {
"text": [
"the individual"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84767 | 573027d5947a6a140053d1be | San_Diego | In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange... | What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2005? | What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2005? | [
"What two members of city council were convicted of extortion in 2005?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79414 | 5acff6bf77cf76001a686670 | Kievan_Rus%27 | The term "Kievan Rus'" (Ки́евская Русь Kievskaya Rus’) was coined in the 19th century in Russian historiography to refer to the period when the centre was in Kiev. In English, the term was introduced in the early 20th century, when it was found in the 1913 English translation of Vasily Klyuchevsky's A History of Russia... | Who first wrote the term Kievan Rus into english from russian? | Who first wrote the term Kievan Rus into english from russian? | [
"Who first wrote the term Kievan Rus into english from russian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75943 | 5706158575f01819005e7960 | The_Times | In The Wombles, Uncle Bulgaria read The Times and asked for the other Wombles to bring him any copies that they found amongst the litter. The newspaper played a central role in the episode Very Behind the Times (Series 2, Episode 12). | In what children TV series is there is a fictional character named Uncle Bulgaria that asks others to bring him copies of The Times found amongst the litter? | In what children TV series is there is a fictional character named Uncle Bulgaria that asks others to bring him copies of The Times found amongst the litter? | [
"In what children TV series is there is a fictional character named Uncle Bulgaria that asks others to bring him copies of The Times found amongst the litter?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Wombles"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4662 | 5a6117cfe9e1cc001a33cee3 | Pope_John_XXIII | John XXIII died of peritonitis caused by a perforated stomach at 19:49 local time on 3 June 1963 at the age of 81, ending a historic pontificate of four years and seven months. He died just as a Mass for him finished in Saint Peter's Square below, celebrated by Luigi Traglia. After he died, his brow was ritually tapped... | Where was Luigi Traglia buried? | Where was Luigi Traglia buried? | [
"Where was Luigi Traglia buried?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10513 | 56e031847aa994140058e342 | Comics | The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian com... | What comics began to dominate in Europe? | What comics began to dominate in Europe? | [
"What comics began to dominate in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Franco-Belgian"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45542 | 571a868410f8ca14003050e1 | Ashkenazi_Jews | The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationships among all major Jewish groups, including Ashkenazim, as well as the genetic relationship between these Jewish groups and non-Jewish ethnic populations. The study found that contemporary Jews (excluding Indian and Ethiop... | The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population? | The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population? | [
"The genome-wide genetic study carried out in 2010 by Behar et al. examined the genetic relationship between Jewish groups and what other population?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-Jewish ethnic populations"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22526 | 5a3631dc788daf001a5f8770 | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most common... | What aspects does Mandeali have like other Indian states? | What aspects does Mandeali have like other Indian states? | [
"What aspects does Mandeali have like other Indian states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25457 | 5730f42ea5e9cc1400cdbb3c | Namibia | The Kalahari Desert, an arid region shared with South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features. The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas. One of these, known as the Succulent Karoo, ... | How many plants species are found in Succulent Karoo? | How many plants species are found in Succulent Karoo? | [
"How many plants species are found in Succulent Karoo?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,000"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82577 | 56e78a2e00c9c71400d7726f | Daylight_saving_time | In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in... | Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST? | Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST? | [
"Which term did Willett use in his 1907 proposal to refer to DST?"
] | {
"text": [
"daylight saving"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87925 | 5ad3dc5e604f3c001a3ff400 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The islands have a population of 301. The main settlement is Edinburgh of the Seven Seas (known locally as "The Settlement"). The only religion is Christianity, with denominations of Anglican and Roman Catholic. The current population is thought to have descended from 15 ancestors, eight males and seven females, who ar... | From how many ancestors is the current population of 15 thought to have descended from? | From how many ancestors is the current population of 15 thought to have descended from? | [
"From how many ancestors is the current population of 15 thought to have descended from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2497 | 56d24042b329da140004ec6c | Buddhism | Buddhist meditation is fundamentally concerned with two themes: transforming the mind and using it to explore itself and other phenomena. According to Theravada Buddhism the Buddha taught two types of meditation, samatha meditation (Sanskrit: śamatha) and vipassanā meditation (Sanskrit: vipaśyanā). In Chinese Buddhism,... | Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what? | Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what? | [
"Evidence has shown some lay people got to proficiency in all eight what?"
] | {
"text": [
"jhānas"
],
"answer_start": [
926
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54086 | 56dee2b8c65bf219000b3dd3 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | In 1987, occupations and units with the primary role of preparing for direct involvement in combat on the ground or at sea were still closed to women: infantry, armoured corps, field artillery, air-defence artillery, signals, field engineers, and naval operations. On 5 February 1987, the Minister of National Defence cr... | On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement? | On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement? | [
"On what date was a study created to research the impart of women in direct involvement?"
] | {
"text": [
"5 February 1987"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108392 | 5acd2b2a07355d001abf37a0 | Aspirated_consonant | Many Indo-Aryan languages have aspirated stops. Sanskrit, Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, and Gujarati have a four-way distinction in stops: voiceless, aspirated, voiced, and breathy-voiced or voiced aspirated, such as /p pʰ b bʱ/. Punjabi has lost breathy-voiced consonants, which resulted in a tone system, and therefore has ... | What has gained breathy-voiced consonants? | What has gained breathy-voiced consonants? | [
"What has gained breathy-voiced consonants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32268 | 5ad2c424d7d075001a42a14b | Antarctica | A census of sea life carried out during the International Polar Year and which involved some 500 researchers was released in 2010. The research is part of the global Census of Marine Life (CoML) and has disclosed some remarkable findings. More than 235 marine organisms live in both polar regions, having bridged the gap... | How many marine organisms were found in the 12,000 miles studied? | How many marine organisms were found in the 12,000 miles studied? | [
"How many marine organisms were found in the 12,000 miles studied?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-982 | 572eb0fecb0c0d14000f148b | Endangered_Species_Act | The provision of the law in Section 4 that establishes critical habitat is a regulatory link between habitat protection and recovery goals, requiring the identification and protection of all lands, water and air necessary to recover endangered species. To determine what exactly is critical habitat, the needs of open sp... | What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife? | What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife? | [
"What is an example of a critical habitat consideration that would apply to plant wildlife?"
] | {
"text": [
"seed germination and dispersal needs"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67829 | 572ff90304bcaa1900d76f86 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Founded in 1670 as Charles Town in honor of King Charles II of England, Charleston adopted its present name in 1783. It moved to its present location on Oyster Point in 1680 from a location on the west bank of the Ashley River known as Albemarle Point. By 1690, Charles Town was the fifth-largest city in North America, ... | How many people lived in Charleston in 2010? | How many people lived in Charleston in 2010? | [
"How many people lived in Charleston in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"120,083"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46470 | 5ad0a85e645df0001a2cffc7 | Department_store | In New York City in 1846, Alexander Turney Stewart established the "Marble Palace" on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets. He offered European retail merchandise at fixed prices on a variety of dry goods, and advertised a policy of providing "free entrance" to all potential customers. Though it was clad in whi... | What policy didn't the Marble Palace introduce? | What policy didn't the Marble Palace introduce? | [
"What policy didn't the Marble Palace introduce? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97739 | 5a81debb31013a001a334f21 | Humanism | Gellius says that in his day humanitas is commonly used as a synonym for philanthropy – or kindness and benevolence toward one's fellow human being. Gellius maintains that this common usage is wrong, and that model writers of Latin, such as Cicero and others, used the word only to mean what we might call "humane" or "p... | What was humanism once considered worse than? | What was humanism once considered worse than? | [
"What was humanism once considered worse than?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76254 | 5726de0c5951b619008f80a3 | Utrecht | Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin. An ongoing debate is over whether any building in or near the centre of town should surpass the Dom Tower in height (112 m). Nevertheless, some tall buildings are now being cons... | what dominates the cityscape | what dominates the cityscape | [
"what dominates the cityscape"
] | {
"text": [
"Utrecht's cityscape is dominated by the Dom Tower, the tallest belfry in the Netherlands and originally part of the Cathedral of Saint Martin"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75907 | 57060e0c75f01819005e790a | The_Times | Historically, the paper was not overtly pro-Tory or Whig, but has been a long time bastion of the English Establishment and empire. The Times adopted a stance described as "peculiarly detached" at the 1945 general election; although it was increasingly critical of the Conservative Party's campaign, it did not advocate ... | After 1997, The Times declined from making any party endorsements however, they supported individual candidates known by what name? | After 1997, The Times declined from making any party endorsements however, they supported individual candidates known by what name? | [
"After 1997, The Times declined from making any party endorsements however, they supported individual candidates known by what name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eurosceptic"
],
"answer_start": [
790
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14643 | 57302d8ea23a5019007fcf06 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead and Russell had thought originally that Principia Mathematica would take a year to complete; it ended up taking them ten years. To add insult to injury, when it came time for publication, the three-volume work was so massive (more than 2,000 pages) and its audience so narrow (professional mathematicians) that... | How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? | How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica? | [
"How long did it actually take Whitehead and Russell to complete Principia Mathematica?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten years"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72717 | 570fd09a80d9841400ab36a8 | Dell | In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available pa... | What part of their motherboards does Dell not reveal the specifications of? | What part of their motherboards does Dell not reveal the specifications of? | [
"What part of their motherboards does Dell not reveal the specifications of?"
] | {
"text": [
"pin-outs"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16098 | 572eb943c246551400ce4574 | Muammar_Gaddafi | In 1977, Gaddafi dissolved the Republic and created a new socialist state, the Jamahiriya ("state of the masses"). Officially adopting a symbolic role in governance, he retained power as military commander-in-chief and head of the Revolutionary Committees responsible for policing and suppressing opponents. Overseeing u... | What was Libya's socialist government called? | What was Libya's socialist government called? | [
"What was Libya's socialist government called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jamahiriya (\"state of the masses\")"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23215 | 5ad1395a645df0001a2d126a | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Many early immigrant groups traveled to America to worship freely, particularly after the English Civil War and religious conflict in France and Germany. They included nonconformists like the Puritans, who were Protestant Christians fleeing religious persecution from the Anglican King of England. Despite a common backg... | What was one of the reason late immigrant groups came to America? | What was one of the reason late immigrant groups came to America? | [
"What was one of the reason late immigrant groups came to America?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101847 | 56d9e156dc89441400fdb886 | Dog | In Islam, dogs are viewed as unclean because they are viewed as scavengers. In 2015 city councillor Hasan Küçük of The Hague called for dog ownership to be made illegal in that city. Islamic activists in Lérida, Spain, lobbied for dogs to be kept out of Muslim neighborhoods, saying their presence violated Muslims' reli... | Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam? | Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam? | [
"Why are dogs seen as unclean in Islam?"
] | {
"text": [
"scavengers"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50162 | 5a82162231013a001a3351bd | Phonology | In addition to the minimal units that can serve the purpose of differentiating meaning (the phonemes), phonology studies how sounds alternate, i.e. replace one another in different forms of the same morpheme (allomorphs), as well as, for example, syllable structure, stress, feature geometry, accent, and intonation. | What is another name for syllable? | What is another name for syllable? | [
"What is another name for syllable?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84171 | 57308553069b531400832153 | Translation | The period preceding, and contemporary with, the Protestant Reformation saw the translation of the Bible into local European languages—a development that contributed to Western Christianity's split into Roman Catholicism and Protestantism due to disparities between Catholic and Protestant versions of crucial words and ... | Biblical translations have caused lasting effects on what? | Biblical translations have caused lasting effects on what? | [
"Biblical translations have caused lasting effects on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"religions, cultures and languages of their respective countries"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51426 | 572b4375be1ee31400cb82db | Empiricism | Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rational... | When was Peirce born? | When was Peirce born? | [
"When was Peirce born?"
] | {
"text": [
"1839"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46015 | 57323ec2b9d445190005e910 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Rutherford centralized organizational control of the Watch Tower Society. In 1919, he instituted the appointment of a director in each congregation, and a year later all members were instructed to report their weekly preaching activity to the Brooklyn headquarters. At an international convention held at Cedar Point, Oh... | What was a new emphasis made on at the international convention? | What was a new emphasis made on at the international convention? | [
"What was a new emphasis made on at the international convention?"
] | {
"text": [
"house-to-house preaching"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13894 | 56de7c51cffd8e1900b4b973 | BBC_Television | Television transmissions resumed from Alexandra Palace in 1946. The BBC Television Service (renamed "BBC tv" in 1960) showed popular programming, including drama, comedies, documentaries, game shows, and soap operas, covering a wide range of genres and regularly competed with ITV to become the channel with the highest ... | What was the BBC's main competitor? | What was the BBC's main competitor? | [
"What was the BBC's main competitor?"
] | {
"text": [
"ITV"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107338 | 5aceaad432bba1001ae4af76 | Hunting | The Arabian oryx, a species of large antelope, once inhabited much of the desert areas of the Middle East. However, the species' striking appearance made it (along with the closely related scimitar-horned oryx and addax) a popular quarry for sport hunters, especially foreign executives of oil companies working in the r... | Why has the scimitar-horned oryx make a comeback? | Why has the scimitar-horned oryx make a comeback? | [
"Why has the scimitar-horned oryx make a comeback?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38918 | 5a2c6cb2bfd06b001a5aeb77 | Serbo-Croatian | The Croatian Latin alphabet (Gajica) followed suit shortly afterwards, when Ljudevit Gaj defined it as standard Latin with five extra letters that had diacritics, apparently borrowing much from Czech, but also from Polish, and inventing the unique digraphs "lj", "nj" and "dž". These digraphs are represented as "ļ, ń an... | How did Ljudevit Gaj define the Cyrillic alphabet? | How did Ljudevit Gaj define the Cyrillic alphabet? | [
"How did Ljudevit Gaj define the Cyrillic alphabet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38844 | 570c9e2dfed7b91900d45a18 | FC_Barcelona | Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the ... | In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time? | In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time? | [
"In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time?"
] | {
"text": [
"single year"
],
"answer_start": [
438
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96607 | 572782fadd62a815002e9f41 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Calvary as an English name for the place is derived from the Latin word for skull (calvaria), which is used in the Vulgate translation of "place of a skull", the explanation given in all four Gospels of the Aramaic word Gûlgaltâ which was the name of the place where Jesus was crucified. The text does not indicate why i... | Where was the location of the Crucifixion detailed? | Where was the location of the Crucifixion detailed? | [
"Where was the location of the Crucifixion detailed?"
] | {
"text": [
"all four Gospels"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8220 | 5a7cbcd1e8bc7e001a9e1f8f | Thuringia | The Thuringian Realm existed until 531 and later, the Landgraviate of Thuringia was the largest state in the region, persisting between 1131 and 1247. Afterwards there was no state named Thuringia, nevertheless the term commonly described the region between the Harz mountains in the north, the Weiße Elster river in the... | Where is Thuringia formerly located? | Where is Thuringia formerly located? | [
"Where is Thuringia formerly located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.