gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-109608 | 5728f2a34b864d1900165102 | Samurai | Samurai were many of the early exchange students, not directly because they were samurai, but because many samurai were literate and well-educated scholars. Some of these exchange students started private schools for higher educations, while many samurai took pens instead of guns and became reporters and writers, setti... | What group made up most of Japan's first exchange students? | What group made up most of Japan's first exchange students? | [
"What group made up most of Japan's first exchange students?"
] | {
"text": [
"Samurai"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66051 | 5a64ed447f3c80001a150bf4 | ASCII | Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machine... | How many definitions are printable characters? | How many definitions are printable characters? | [
"How many definitions are printable characters?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76522 | 5a39a02e2f14dd001ac724dc | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint-Barthélemy has a marine nature reserve, known as the Reserve Naturelle that covers 1.200 ha, and is divided into 5 zones all around the island to form a network of protected areas. The Reserve includes the bays of Grand Cul de Sac, Colombier, Marigot, Petit Cul de Sac, Petite Anse as well as waters around offshor... | Besides Colombier what other bay has mooring buoys? | Besides Colombier what other bay has mooring buoys? | [
"Besides Colombier what other bay has mooring buoys?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70907 | 573212130fdd8d15006c6753 | Bird | The point at which chicks fledge varies dramatically. The chicks of the Synthliboramphus murrelets, like the ancient murrelet, leave the nest the night after they hatch, following their parents out to sea, where they are raised away from terrestrial predators. Some other species, such as ducks, move their chicks away f... | When do most species of chicks leave the nest? | When do most species of chicks leave the nest? | [
"When do most species of chicks leave the nest?"
] | {
"text": [
"just before, or soon after, they are able to fly"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101956 | 5a5140ccce860b001aa3fc89 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | What was Arthur B. Gunlicks not in favor of? | What was Arthur B. Gunlicks not in favor of? | [
"What was Arthur B. Gunlicks not in favor of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114494 | 570a631b6d058f1900182df6 | Emotion | Walter Bradford Cannon agreed that physiological responses played a crucial role in emotions, but did not believe that physiological responses alone could explain subjective emotional experiences. He argued that physiological responses were too slow and often imperceptible and this could not account for the relatively ... | Who argued that physiological responses were insufficient to explain emotional experiences? | Who argued that physiological responses were insufficient to explain emotional experiences? | [
"Who argued that physiological responses were insufficient to explain emotional experiences?"
] | {
"text": [
"Walter Bradford Cannon"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113331 | 5a8776ee1d3cee001a6a11d5 | Vacuum | Almost two thousand years after Plato, René Descartes also proposed a geometrically based alternative theory of atomism, without the problematic nothing–everything dichotomy of void and atom. Although Descartes agreed with the contemporary position, that a vacuum does not occur in nature, the success of his namesake co... | What position did Plato agree with? | What position did Plato agree with? | [
"What position did Plato agree with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35956 | 57270bb5f1498d1400e8f28b | Comcast | In 1994, Comcast became the third largest cable operator in the United States with around 3.5 million subscribers following its purchase of Maclean-Hunter's American division for $1.27 billion. The company's UK branch, Comcast UK Cable Partners, goes public while constructing a cable telecommunications network. With fi... | In what year did Comcast take over a majority interest in QVC? | In what year did Comcast take over a majority interest in QVC? | [
"In what year did Comcast take over a majority interest in QVC?"
] | {
"text": [
"1994"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88854 | 570f48835ab6b81900390ed2 | Circadian_rhythm | Light is the signal by which plants synchronize their internal clocks to their environment and is sensed by a wide variety of photoreceptors. Red and blue light are absorbed through several phytochromes and cryptochromes. One phytochrome, phyA, is the main phytochrome in seedlings grown in the dark but rapidly degrades... | What do plants use to sense light? | What do plants use to sense light? | [
"What do plants use to sense light?"
] | {
"text": [
"photoreceptors"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72271 | 5726434b271a42140099d801 | Greece | At the end of the Balkan Wars, the extent of Greece's territory and population had increased. In the following years, the struggle between King Constantine I and charismatic Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos over the country's foreign policy on the eve of World War I dominated the country's political scene, and divi... | When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight? | When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight? | [
"When Greece entered World War I, on whose side did they fight?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Triple Entente"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2712 | 56d2a28059d6e41400146172 | Buddhism | Buddhism provides many opportunities for comparative study with a diverse range of subjects. For example, Buddhism's emphasis on the Middle way not only provides a unique guideline for ethics but has also allowed Buddhism to peacefully coexist with various differing beliefs, customs and institutions in countries where ... | Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought? | Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought? | [
"Buddhist concept of dependent origination has been compared to what modern thought?"
] | {
"text": [
"scientific"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51948 | 570c6790fed7b91900d459af | John,_King_of_England | John inherited a sophisticated system of administration in England, with a range of royal agents answering to the Royal Household: the Chancery kept written records and communications; the Treasury and the Exchequer dealt with income and expenditure respectively; and various judges were deployed to deliver justice arou... | John followed in the tradition of who? | John followed in the tradition of who? | [
"John followed in the tradition of who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry I and Henry II"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16228 | 57316ff8e6313a140071cf38 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Having removed the monarchical government, Gaddafi proclaimed the foundation of the Libyan Arab Republic. Addressing the populace by radio, he proclaimed an end to the "reactionary and corrupt" regime, "the stench of which has sickened and horrified us all." Due to the coup's bloodless nature, it was initially labelled... | What was the name of the government Gaddafi set up after overthrowing the monarchy? | What was the name of the government Gaddafi set up after overthrowing the monarchy? | [
"What was the name of the government Gaddafi set up after overthrowing the monarchy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Libyan Arab Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111303 | 5731cbc10fdd8d15006c653b | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Rome had no separate priestly caste or class. The highest authority within a community usually sponsored its cults and sacrifices, officiated as its priest and promoted its assistants and acolytes. Specialists from the religious colleges and professionals such as haruspices and oracles were available for consultation. ... | What were the earliest priesthoods? | What were the earliest priesthoods? | [
"What were the earliest priesthoods? "
] | {
"text": [
"flamines"
],
"answer_start": [
539
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114411 | 570a597e4103511400d5963f | Emotion | Robert Plutchik agreed with Ekman's biologically driven perspective but developed the "wheel of emotions", suggesting eight primary emotions grouped on a positive or negative basis: joy versus sadness; anger versus fear; trust versus disgust; and surprise versus anticipation. Some basic emotions can be modified to form... | What emotion can be perceived as a combination of disgust and anger? | What emotion can be perceived as a combination of disgust and anger? | [
"What emotion can be perceived as a combination of disgust and anger?"
] | {
"text": [
"contempt"
],
"answer_start": [
657
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38372 | 572a34b83f37b319004787ab | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What tool allowed early farmers to convert forest into arable land? | What tool allowed early farmers to convert forest into arable land? | [
"What tool allowed early farmers to convert forest into arable land?"
] | {
"text": [
"stone axe"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98550 | 57267044dd62a815002e84d3 | Marvel_Comics | Atlas, rather than innovate, took a proven route of following popular trends in television and movies—Westerns and war dramas prevailing for a time, drive-in movie monsters another time—and even other comic books, particularly the EC horror line. Atlas also published a plethora of children's and teen humor titles, incl... | What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called? | What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called? | [
"What was Marvel's major offshoot with Westerns, war stories, and monster comics called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Atlas"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42705 | 57102d7aa58dae1900cd6944 | Sexual_orientation | Sexual orientation is argued as a concept that evolved in the industrialized West, and there is a controversy as to the universality of its application in other societies or cultures. Non-westernized concepts of male sexuality differ essentially from the way sexuality is seen and classified under the Western system of ... | What is the notion of sexual orientation in west defined as? | What is the notion of sexual orientation in west defined as? | [
"What is the notion of sexual orientation in west defined as?"
] | {
"text": [
"as a biological phenomenon rather than a social construction specific to a region and period"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24782 | 56cf1caaaab44d1400b88da2 | New_York_City | There are hundreds of distinct neighborhoods throughout the five boroughs of New York City, many with a definable history and character to call their own. If the boroughs were each independent cities, four of the boroughs (Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, and the Bronx) would be among the ten most populous cities in the Un... | How many boroughs does New York City have? | How many boroughs does New York City have? | [
"How many boroughs does New York City have?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100309 | 56e10514e3433e1400422ad7 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In September 2003, China intended to join the European Galileo positioning system project and was to invest €230 million (USD296 million, GBP160 million) in Galileo over the next few years. At the time, it was believed that China's "BeiDou" navigation system would then only be used by its armed forces. In October 2004,... | When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded? | When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded? | [
"When was China Galileo Industries (CGI) founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 2004"
],
"answer_start": [
722
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41889 | 5730a569069b531400832202 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | During the NES era, Nintendo maintained exclusive control over titles released for the system—the company had to approve every game, each third-party developer could only release up to five games per year (but some third parties got around this by using different names, for example Konami's "Ultra Games" brand), those ... | Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers? | Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers? | [
"Which competitor caused Nintendo to end its restrictions on game developers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sega"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23153 | 56de4a81cffd8e1900b4b7b7 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI of 0.8 or more is considered to represent "high development". This includes all developed countries, such as those in North America, Western Europe, Oceania, and Eastern Asia, as well as some developing countries in Eastern Europe, Central and South America, Southeast Asia, the Caribbean, and the oil-rich Arabian... | Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries? | [
"Which South American country was included among the seven promoted countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
448
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19805 | 5731752de6313a140071cf56 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Native American music in North America is almost entirely monophonic, but there are notable exceptions. Traditional Native American music often centers around drumming. Rattles, clappersticks, and rasps were also popular percussive instruments. Flutes were made of rivercane, cedar, and other woods. The tuning of these ... | What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have? | What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have? | [
"What characteristic did the majority of Native American music have?"
] | {
"text": [
"monophonic"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57720 | 5ad23157d7d075001a428703 | Quran | Commentaries dealing with the zahir (outward aspects) of the text are called tafsir, and hermeneutic and esoteric commentaries dealing with the batin are called ta'wil ("interpretation" or "explanation"), which involves taking the text back to its beginning. Commentators with an esoteric slant believe that the ultimate... | What is the Arabic term for the surface-level aspects of a song? | What is the Arabic term for the surface-level aspects of a song? | [
"What is the Arabic term for the surface-level aspects of a song?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77303 | 5a53cdfbbdaabd001a38673c | Armenians | Eric P. Hamp in his 2012 Indo-European family tree, groups the Armenian language along with Greek and Ancient Macedonian ("Helleno-Macedonian") in the Pontic Indo-European (also called Helleno-Armenian) subgroup. In Hamp's view the homeland of this subgroup is the northeast coast of the Black Sea and its hinterlands. H... | Where do Batumi languages originate? | Where do Batumi languages originate? | [
"Where do Batumi languages originate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14839 | 5730a0a98ab72b1400f9c614 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Since Whitehead's metaphysics described a universe in which all entities experience, he needed a new way of describing perception that was not limited to living, self-conscious beings. The term he coined was "prehension", which comes from the Latin prehensio, meaning "to seize." The term is meant to indicate a kind of ... | What term did Whitehead describe that perception is not limited to the living? | What term did Whitehead describe that perception is not limited to the living? | [
"What term did Whitehead describe that perception is not limited to the living?"
] | {
"text": [
"prehension"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48001 | 5726e4c8f1498d1400e8ef0e | Napoleon | When he became First Consul and later Emperor, Napoleon eschewed his general's uniform and habitually wore the simple green colonel uniform (non-Hussar) of a colonel of the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard, the regiment that often served as his personal escort, with a large bicorne. He also habitually wore (usua... | What color culottes did Napoleon typically wear? | What color culottes did Napoleon typically wear? | [
" What color culottes did Napoleon typically wear?"
] | {
"text": [
"white"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109508 | 56ddf1189a695914005b96fe | Dutch_Republic | In the first years of the Republic, controversy arose within the Reformed Church, mainly around the subject of predestination. This has become known as the struggle between Arminianism and Gomarism, or between Remonstrants and Contra-Remonstrants. In 1618 the Synod of Dort tackled this issue, which led to the banning o... | What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618? | What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618? | [
"What led to the banning of the Remonstrant faith in 1618?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Synod of Dort"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56444 | 5a0f1de8d7c8500018864598 | Geography_of_the_United_States | The United States shares land borders with Canada (to the north) and Mexico (to the south), and a territorial water border with Russia in the northwest, and two territorial water borders in the southeast between Florida and Cuba, and Florida and the Bahamas. The contiguous forty-eight states are otherwise bounded by th... | The contiguous forty-eight states are bound by the Pacific on the east and what ocean on the West? | The contiguous forty-eight states are bound by the Pacific on the east and what ocean on the West? | [
"The contiguous forty-eight states are bound by the Pacific on the east and what ocean on the West?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98680 | 57268c14708984140094c9a9 | Marvel_Comics | In late 1994, Marvel acquired the comic book distributor Heroes World Distribution to use as its own exclusive distributor. As the industry's other major publishers made exclusive distribution deals with other companies, the ripple effect resulted in the survival of only one other major distributor in North America, Di... | Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one. | Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one. | [
"Exclusive deals for distributing comics during the 1990s left this company as the only unaffiliated one."
] | {
"text": [
"Diamond Comic Distributors Inc"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76642 | 572aa285be1ee31400cb80e3 | Philadelphia | In the first decades of the 19th century, Federal architecture and Greek Revival architecture were dominated by Philadelphia architects such as Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan. Frank Furness is considered Philadelphia's greatest architect of the secon... | Name 6 important Philadelphia architects? | Name 6 important Philadelphia architects? | [
"Name 6 important Philadelphia architects?"
] | {
"text": [
"Benjamin Latrobe, William Strickland, John Haviland, John Notman, Thomas U. Walter, and Samuel Sloan"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33515 | 56f9613f9b226e1400dd13f3 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | Seminary Row is named for the Union Theological Seminary and the Jewish Theological Seminary which it touches. Seminary Row also runs by the Manhattan School of Music, Riverside Church, Sakura Park, Grant's Tomb, and Morningside Park. | Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row? | Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row? | [
"Other than the Jewish Theological Seminary, which other Seminary touches Seminary Row?"
] | {
"text": [
"Union Theological"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29576 | 570c4160ec8fbc190045be3a | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider ... | What was Zechariah's occupation? | What was Zechariah's occupation? | [
"What was Zechariah's occupation?"
] | {
"text": [
"priest"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50299 | 5acec5fe32bba1001ae4b36f | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | What name was opposed by the french? | What name was opposed by the french? | [
"What name was opposed by the french?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95017 | 5710fa0bb654c5140001fa58 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Jonathan Israel rejects the attempts of postmodern and Marxian historians to understand the revolutionary ideas of the period purely as by-products of social and economic transformations. He instead focuses on the history of ideas in the period from 1650 to the end of the 18th century, and claims that it was the ideas ... | What time period does Johnathon Israel focus on? | What time period does Johnathon Israel focus on? | [
"What time period does Johnathon Israel focus on?"
] | {
"text": [
"1650 to the end of the 18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43503 | 5726b8a5f1498d1400e8e8df | Korean_War | Although Kim's early successes had led him to predict that he would end the war by the end of August, Chinese leaders were more pessimistic. To counter a possible U.S. deployment, Zhou Enlai secured a Soviet commitment to have the Soviet Union support Chinese forces with air cover, and deployed 260,000 soldiers along t... | Where did North Korea predict that MacArthur would enter Korea? | Where did North Korea predict that MacArthur would enter Korea? | [
"Where did North Korea predict that MacArthur would enter Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Incheon"
],
"answer_start": [
613
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8169 | 5ad0193b77cf76001a6869db | Copyright_infringement | In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy. Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while... | How much money have retailers made? | How much money have retailers made? | [
"How much money have retailers made?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7106 | 573153a7a5e9cc1400cdbe82 | Red | In China, red (simplified Chinese: 红; traditional Chinese: 紅; pinyin: hóng) is the symbol of fire and the south (both south in general and Southern China specifically). It carries a largely positive connotation, being associated with courage, loyalty, honor, success, fortune, fertility, happiness, passion, and summer. ... | What season is red identified with in China? | What season is red identified with in China? | [
"What season is red identified with in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"summer"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31813 | 570da3fadf2f5219002ed098 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Armies typically have air defence in depth, from integral MANPADS such as the RBS 70, Stinger and Igla at smaller force levels up to army-level missile defence systems such as Angara and Patriot. Often, the high-altitude long-range missile systems force aircraft to fly at low level, where anti-aircraft guns can bring t... | What kind of platform are Roland and SA-8 Gecko? | What kind of platform are Roland and SA-8 Gecko? | [
"What kind of platform are Roland and SA-8 Gecko?"
] | {
"text": [
"all-in-one surface-to-air missile platforms"
],
"answer_start": [
648
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36757 | 5a849b087cf838001a46a989 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | In brief, there is disagreement among historical analysts as to the exact time period when the minority leadership emerged officially as a party position. Nonetheless, it seems safe to conclude that the position emerged during the latter part of the 19th century, a period of strong party organization and professional p... | When was House leadership structure first established? | When was House leadership structure first established? | [
"When was House leadership structure first established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46664 | 57267609f1498d1400e8e062 | Department_store | Socialism confronted consumerism in the chain State Department Stores (GUM), set up by Lenin in 1921 as a model retail enterprise. It operated stores throughout Russia and targeted consumers across class, gender, and ethnic lines. GUM was designed to advance the Bolsheviks' goals of eliminating private enterprise and r... | What group was established in 1921 in response to the clash between socialism and consumerism? | What group was established in 1921 in response to the clash between socialism and consumerism? | [
"What group was established in 1921 in response to the clash between socialism and consumerism? "
] | {
"text": [
"State Department Stores (GUM)"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42518 | 570ffd0ea58dae1900cd67b6 | Sexual_orientation | Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation throug... | What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group? | What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group? | [
"What does the research on sexual orientation use to determine who belongs in which sexual populaiton group?"
] | {
"text": [
"scales of assessment"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103428 | 571df6a455697319006390d5 | Multiracial_American | Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claime... | What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as? | What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as? | [
"What does Condoleeza Rice prefer to term people as?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"black\" or \"white\""
],
"answer_start": [
770
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28089 | 572e9a3fc246551400ce43c6 | Steven_Spielberg | Studio producers Richard D. Zanuck and David Brown offered Spielberg the director's chair for Jaws, a thriller-horror film based on the Peter Benchley novel about an enormous killer shark. Spielberg has often referred to the gruelling shoot as his professional crucible. Despite the film's ultimate, enormous success, it... | How many Academy Awards did the film "Jaws" win? | How many Academy Awards did the film "Jaws" win? | [
"How many Academy Awards did the film \"Jaws\" win?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96936 | 5a21d5c18a6e4f001aa08f43 | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | What is contained in various institutions of Europe and Asia? | What is contained in various institutions of Europe and Asia? | [
"What is contained in various institutions of Europe and Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60662 | 5ace471732bba1001ae4a17c | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Public schools are part of the Ann Arbor Public Schools (AAPS) district. AAPS has one of the country's leading music programs. In September 2008, 16,539 students had been enrolled in the Ann Arbor Public Schools. There were 21 elementary schools, five middle schools (Forsythe, Slauson, Tappan, Scarlett, and Clague) thr... | Is Forsythe a traditional or alternative high school? | Is Forsythe a traditional or alternative high school? | [
"Is Forsythe a traditional or alternative high school?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94767 | 57106dc3b654c5140001f8fb | Age_of_Enlightenment | The creation of the public sphere has been associated with two long-term historical trends: the rise of the modern nation state and the rise of capitalism. The modern nation state, in its consolidation of public power, created by counterpoint a private realm of society independent of the state, which allowed for the pu... | In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris? | In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris? | [
"In what year did the aristocracy move from the King's palace at Versailles to Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"1720"
],
"answer_start": [
819
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104170 | 57289f804b864d1900164ae6 | Mandolin | There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia... | Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside? | Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside? | [
"Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?"
] | {
"text": [
"Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium."
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23820 | 5acfc69677cf76001a685eb2 | Federalism | Some federal constitutions also provide that certain constitutional amendments cannot occur without the unanimous consent of all states or of a particular state. The US constitution provides that no state may be deprived of equal representation in the senate without its consent. In Australia, if a proposed amendment wi... | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last? | Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last? | [
"Any amendment in the Canadian constitution that needs to be modified, needs to do what last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91743 | 57276430dd62a815002e9c08 | Botany | The algae are a polyphyletic group and are placed in various divisions, some more closely related to plants than others. There are many differences between them in features such as cell wall composition, biochemistry, pigmentation, chloroplast structure and nutrient reserves. The algal division Charophyta, sister to th... | Are all species of algae similar? | Are all species of algae similar? | [
"Are all species of algae similar?"
] | {
"text": [
"many differences"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108298 | 5acd20ca07355d001abf35f5 | Aspirated_consonant | When aspirated consonants are doubled or geminated, the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release. A doubled aspirated affricate has a longer hold in the stop portion and then has a release consisting of the fricative and aspiratio... | What has a release of the fricative and unaspiration? | What has a release of the fricative and unaspiration? | [
"What has a release of the fricative and unaspiration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78771 | 5730a045069b5314008321d2 | Greeks | Greek surnames were widely in use by the 9th century supplanting the ancient tradition of using the father’s name, however Greek surnames are most commonly patronymics. Commonly, Greek male surnames end in -s, which is the common ending for Greek masculine proper nouns in the nominative case. Exceptionally, some end in... | What does it mean to have the letters OU added to the ending of a males last name ? | What does it mean to have the letters OU added to the ending of a males last name ? | [
"What does it mean to have the letters OU added to the ending of a males last name ?"
] | {
"text": [
"some end in -ou, indicating the genitive case of this proper noun for patronymic reasons."
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14566 | 57331b0dd058e614000b56fb | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Beginning in the late 1910s and early 1920s, Whitehead gradually turned his attention from mathematics to philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics. He developed a comprehensive metaphysical system which radically departed from most of western philosophy. Whitehead argued that reality consists of processes rath... | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore? | After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore? | [
"After moving away from mathematics, what subjects did Whitehead explore?"
] | {
"text": [
"philosophy of science, and finally to metaphysics"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84602 | 5ad4d03b5b96ef001a10a182 | San_Diego | Like most of southern California, the majority of San Diego's current area was originally occupied by chaparral, a plant community made up mostly of drought-resistant shrubs. The endangered Torrey pine has the bulk of its population in San Diego in a stretch of protected chaparral along the coast. The steep and varied ... | What trees are protected along the coast of San Francisco? | What trees are protected along the coast of San Francisco? | [
"What trees are protected along the coast of San Francisco?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84166 | 5a7e3d5270df9f001a875611 | Translation | One of the first recorded instances of translation in the West was the rendering of the Old Testament into Greek in the 3rd century BCE. The translation is known as the "Septuagint", a name that refers to the seventy translators (seventy-two, in some versions) who were commissioned to translate the Bible at Alexandria,... | Why is the translation of the New Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint? | Why is the translation of the New Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint? | [
"Why is the translation of the New Testament into Greek known as the Septuagint?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43006 | 570d79d0fed7b91900d46196 | Franco-Prussian_War | Albrecht von Roon, the Prussian Minister of War from 1859 to 1873, put into effect a series of reforms of the Prussian military system in the 1860s. Among these were two major reforms that substantially increased the military power of Germany. The first was a reorganization of the army that integrated the regular army ... | What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister? | What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister? | [
"What was the time span that von Roon acted as minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"1859 to 1873"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100810 | 572ee1b1c246551400ce4766 | Post-punk | The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and mode... | What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music? | What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music? | [
"What band combined religious imagery with political commentary into their music?"
] | {
"text": [
"U2"
],
"answer_start": [
694
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99623 | 56fb73b5b28b3419009f1d4e | Middle_Ages | The breakup of the Carolingian Empire was accompanied by invasions, migrations, and raids by external foes. The Atlantic and northern shores were harassed by the Vikings, who also raided the British Isles and settled there as well as in Iceland. In 911, the Viking chieftain Rollo (d. c. 931) received permission from th... | In what year did the Battle of Lechfeld occur? | In what year did the Battle of Lechfeld occur? | [
"In what year did the Battle of Lechfeld occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"955"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82191 | 5a70f1fd0efcfe001a8afce1 | Pesticide | DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of ... | When were 19 new species of mosquito discovered in Africa? | When were 19 new species of mosquito discovered in Africa? | [
"When were 19 new species of mosquito discovered in Africa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53478 | 5727bce93acd2414000deb0e | Sichuan | Sichuan was China's most populous province before Chongqing became a directly-controlled municipality; it is currently the fourth most populous, after Guangdong, Shandong and Henan. As of 1832, Sichuan was the most populous of the 18 provinces in China, with an estimated population at that time of 21 million. It was th... | How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total? | How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total? | [
"How many sub-national entities have surpassed 100 million people in total?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
532
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8017 | 5726d791f1498d1400e8ecc5 | Copyright_infringement | Early court cases focused on the liability of Internet service providers (ISPs) for hosting, transmitting or publishing user-supplied content that could be actioned under civil or criminal law, such as libel, defamation, or pornography. As different content was considered in different legal systems, and in the absence ... | When were the first laws of liability passed? | When were the first laws of liability passed? | [
"When were the first laws of liability passed?"
] | {
"text": [
"mid-1990s"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78378 | 5ad27a22d7d075001a4295df | Greeks | Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed b... | During which prehistoric age was the Greek language rejected? | During which prehistoric age was the Greek language rejected? | [
" During which prehistoric age was the Greek language rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32139 | 5728f2872ca10214002dab0a | Myanmar | The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: "No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.", and states that, "I... | How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ? | How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ? | [
"How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ?"
] | {
"text": [
"by air"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37409 | 5727bc974b864d1900163bf0 | Switzerland | Skiing, snowboarding and mountaineering are among the most popular sports in Switzerland, the nature of the country being particularly suited for such activities. Winter sports are practiced by the natives and tourists since the second half of the 19th century with the invention of bobsleigh in St. Moritz. The first wo... | When were the first ski championships held in Murren? | When were the first ski championships held in Murren? | [
"When were the first ski championships held in Murren?"
] | {
"text": [
"1931"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81812 | 572a943b111d821400f38c07 | Royal_assent | Royal assent is the method by which a country's constitutional monarch (possibly through a delegated official) formally approves an act of that nation's parliament, thus making it a law or letting it be promulgated as law. In the vast majority of contemporary monarchies, this act is considered to be little more than a ... | Under what circumstances does a monarch typically use the royal assent? | Under what circumstances does a monarch typically use the royal assent? | [
"Under what circumstances does a monarch typically use the royal assent?"
] | {
"text": [
"a dire political emergency or upon the advice of their government"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4141 | 56bfd351a10cfb1400551310 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's work has influenced numerous artists including Adele, Ariana Grande, Lady Gaga, Bridgit Mendler, Rihanna, Kelly Rowland, Sam Smith, Meghan Trainor, Nicole Scherzinger, Rita Ora, Zendaya, Cheryl Cole, JoJo, Alexis Jordan, Jessica Sanchez, and Azealia Banks. American indie rock band White Rabbits also cited her... | What influenced Nicki Minaj to join the Pepsi global campaign? | What influenced Nicki Minaj to join the Pepsi global campaign? | [
"What influenced Nicki Minaj to join the Pepsi global campaign?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beyoncé's Pepsi commercial"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80232 | 5a6297e5f8d794001af1c138 | Samoa | Director Sima Urale is an award-winning filmmaker. Urale's short film O Tamaiti won the prestigious Best Short Film at the Venice Film Festival in 1996. Her first feature film Apron Strings opened the 2008 NZ International Film Festival. The feature film Siones Wedding, co-written by Oscar Kightley, was financially suc... | Where did the film Apron Strings receive critical acclaim and attention in 2011? | Where did the film Apron Strings receive critical acclaim and attention in 2011? | [
"Where did the film Apron Strings receive critical acclaim and attention in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19768 | 57316ed305b4da19006bd151 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Over the course of thousands of years, American indigenous peoples domesticated, bred and cultivated a large array of plant species. These species now constitute 50–60% of all crops in cultivation worldwide. In certain cases, the indigenous peoples developed entirely new species and strains through artificial selection... | What was the origin of maize? | What was the origin of maize? | [
"What was the origin of maize?"
] | {
"text": [
"wild teosinte grasses"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66388 | 5726712af1498d1400e8dfc2 | Brigham_Young_University | Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980... | What did Jeffrey R. Holland believe to be BYU's strongest asset? | What did Jeffrey R. Holland believe to be BYU's strongest asset? | [
"What did Jeffrey R. Holland believe to be BYU's strongest asset?"
] | {
"text": [
"its religious nature"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112359 | 57293bbeaf94a219006aa1cb | Race_(human_categorization) | In the United States, federal government policy promotes the use of racially categorized data to identify and address health disparities between racial or ethnic groups. In clinical settings, race has sometimes been considered in the diagnosis and treatment of medical conditions. Doctors have noted that some medical co... | What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups? | What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups? | [
"What have doctors noted about some medical conditions in certain racial groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"more prevalent"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111481 | 57321b19b9d445190005e7fd | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas? | What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas? | [
"What type of household gods and cults did soldiers bring to outer areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"domestic"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67124 | 57270149708984140094d855 | Nutrition | Studies of nutritional status must take into account the state of the body before and after experiments, as well as the chemical composition of the whole diet and of all material excreted and eliminated from the body (in urine and feces). Comparing the food to the waste can help determine the specific compounds and ele... | What needs to be compared to the waste products from humans to determine what is absorbed in the body? | What needs to be compared to the waste products from humans to determine what is absorbed in the body? | [
"What needs to be compared to the waste products from humans to determine what is absorbed in the body?"
] | {
"text": [
"food"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22361 | 5a361ca8788daf001a5f8722 | Himachal_Pradesh | In the assembly elections held in November 2012, the Congress secured an absolute majority. The Congress won 36 of the 68 seats while the BJP won only 26 of the 68 seats. Virbhadra Singh was sworn-in as Himachal Pradesh's Chief Minister for a record sixth term in Shimla on 25 December 2012. Virbhadra Singh who has held... | How many seats did Himachal Pradesh win to gain an absolute majority? | How many seats did Himachal Pradesh win to gain an absolute majority? | [
"How many seats did Himachal Pradesh win to gain an absolute majority?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43536 | 5726c47d708984140094d0e1 | Korean_War | On 27 September, MacArthur received the top secret National Security Council Memorandum 81/1 from Truman reminding him that operations north of the 38th parallel were authorized only if "at the time of such operation there was no entry into North Korea by major Soviet or Chinese Communist forces, no announcements of in... | What memorandum stated the circumstances for engaging in conflict above the 38th parallel? | What memorandum stated the circumstances for engaging in conflict above the 38th parallel? | [
"What memorandum stated the circumstances for engaging in conflict above the 38th parallel?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Security Council Memorandum 81/1"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38374 | 5a7d3e5c70df9f001a87503c | Neolithic | Neolithic people were skilled farmers, manufacturing a range of tools necessary for the tending, harvesting and processing of crops (such as sickle blades and grinding stones) and food production (e.g. pottery, bone implements). They were also skilled manufacturers of a range of other types of stone tools and ornaments... | What purposes were the production of statuettes used for? | What purposes were the production of statuettes used for? | [
"What purposes were the production of statuettes used for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52514 | 57292b05af94a219006aa14d | Planck_constant | The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons (called "photoelectrons") from a surface when light is shone on it. It was first observed by Alexandre Edmond Becquerel in 1839, although credit is usually reserved for Heinrich Hertz, who published the first thorough investigation in 1887. Another particularly thor... | Who published the first thorough investigation of the photoelectric effect? | Who published the first thorough investigation of the photoelectric effect? | [
"Who published the first thorough investigation of the photoelectric effect?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heinrich Hertz"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109017 | 5a7a5aba21c2de001afe9ba5 | Literature | Maslow’s ‘‘Third Force Psychology Theory’’ even allows literary analysts to critically understand how characters reflect the culture and the history in which they are contextualized. It also allows analysts to understand the author’s intended message and to understand the author’s psychology. The theory suggests that h... | What does the Law suggest about human beings? | What does the Law suggest about human beings? | [
"What does the Law suggest about human beings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-254 | 56f788eeaef2371900625ba0 | Marshall_Islands | Micronesian colonists gradually settled the Marshall Islands during the 2nd millennium BC, with inter-island navigation made possible using traditional stick charts. Islands in the archipelago were first explored by Europeans in the 1520s, with Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar sighting an atoll in August 1526. Other ... | How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands? | How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands? | [
"How were original settlers of the area able to move between islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditional stick charts"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5193 | 56e16690cd28a01900c67871 | Boston | Boston Common, located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States. Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond, Bost... | Who designed the Emerald necklace? | Who designed the Emerald necklace? | [
"Who designed the Emerald necklace?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frederick Law Olmsted"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104071 | 5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693e9 | Infrared | Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared li... | What process uses a chemical source to augment ambient light? | What process uses a chemical source to augment ambient light? | [
"What process uses a chemical source to augment ambient light?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21380 | 56e6d8a1de9d371400068076 | Adult_contemporary_music | While most artists became established in other formats before moving to adult contemporary, Michael Bublé and Josh Groban started out as AC artists. Throughout this decade, artists such as Nick Lachey, James Blunt, John Mayer, Bruno Mars, Jason Mraz, Kelly Clarkson, Adele, Clay Aiken and Susan Boyle have become success... | Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio? | Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio? | [
"Along with Josh Groban, what notable pop artist started out his career on adult contemporary radio?"
] | {
"text": [
"Michael Bublé"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4543 | 5a60ffdce9e1cc001a33ce1a | Pope_John_XXIII | His sister Ancilla would soon be diagnosed with stomach cancer in the early 1950s. Roncalli's last letter to her was dated on 8 November 1953 where he promised to visit her within the next week. He could not keep that promise, as Ancilla died on 11 November 1953 at the time when he was consecrating a new church in Veni... | What was Roncalli diagnosed with in the early 1950's? | What was Roncalli diagnosed with in the early 1950's? | [
"What was Roncalli diagnosed with in the early 1950's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67562 | 5a81af8c31013a001a334d6e | Norfolk_Island | In 1824 the British government instructed the Governor of New South Wales Thomas Brisbane to occupy Norfolk Island as a place to send "the worst description of convicts". Its remoteness, previously seen as a disadvantage, was now viewed as an asset for the detention of recalcitrant male prisoners. The convicts detained... | What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding female convicts? | What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding female convicts? | [
"What previous disadvantage of Norfolk Island was seen as an advantage for holding female convicts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38261 | 5a7d135170df9f001a874f6d | Neolithic | Domestication of sheep and goats reached Egypt from the Near East possibly as early as 6,000 BC. Graeme Barker states "The first indisputable evidence for domestic plants and animals in the Nile valley is not until the early fifth millennium bc in northern Egypt and a thousand years later further south, in both cases a... | What do other scholars say that the primary stimulus for states came from? | What do other scholars say that the primary stimulus for states came from? | [
"What do other scholars say that the primary stimulus for states came from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89557 | 572fad10b2c2fd140056830e | The_Blitz | Public demand caused the government in October 1940 to build new deep shelters:189–190 within the Underground to hold 80,000 people but were not completed until the period of heaviest bombing had passed. By the end of 1940 significant improvements had been made in the Underground and in many other large shelters. Autho... | How many people were the new shelters going to hold? | How many people were the new shelters going to hold? | [
"How many people were the new shelters going to hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"80,000"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11538 | 5727b3883acd2414000dea1f | North_Carolina | North Carolina has a variety of shopping choices. SouthPark Mall in Charlotte is currently the largest in the Carolinas, with almost 2.0 million square feet. Other major malls in Charlotte include Northlake Mall and Carolina Place Mall in nearby suburb Pineville. Other major malls throughout the state include Hanes Mal... | Where is SouthPark Mall located? | Where is SouthPark Mall located? | [
"Where is SouthPark Mall located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charlotte"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17844 | 5ad243f0d7d075001a428a2d | Spectre_(2015_film) | In the United Kingdom, the film grossed £4.1 million ($6.4 million) from its Monday preview screenings. It grossed £6.3 million ($9.2 million) on its opening day and then £5.7 million ($8.8 million) on Wednesday, setting UK records for both days. In the film's first seven days it grossed £41.7 million ($63.8 million), ... | Skyfall's Friday-Sunday gross was how much? | Skyfall's Friday-Sunday gross was how much? | [
"Skyfall's Friday-Sunday gross was how much?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35092 | 5a8cd9d6fd22b3001a8d8f44 | Memory | Declarative memory can be further sub-divided into semantic memory, concerning principles and facts taken independent of context; and episodic memory, concerning information specific to a particular context, such as a time and place. Semantic memory allows the encoding of abstract knowledge about the world, such as "Pa... | What can result from visual stimulus? | What can result from visual stimulus? | [
"What can result from visual stimulus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61187 | 5732befb1d5d2e14009ff89b | Police | Modern police forces make extensive use of radio communications equipment, carried both on the person and installed in vehicles, to co-ordinate their work, share information, and get help quickly. In recent years, vehicle-installed computers have enhanced the ability of police communications, enabling easier dispatchin... | What have computers in police cars enabled for reporting? | What have computers in police cars enabled for reporting? | [
"What have computers in police cars enabled for reporting?"
] | {
"text": [
"updating officers' daily activity log and other, required reports on a real-time basis"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18993 | 5733eeae4776f41900661546 | Premier_League | The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier ... | In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award? | In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award? | [
"In which year was the Premier League awarded an International Trade award?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58860 | 572ab067be1ee31400cb8182 | Rajasthan | In recent decades, the literacy rate of Rajasthan has increased significantly. In 1991, the state's literacy rate was only 38.55% (54.99% male and 20.44% female). In 2001, the literacy rate increased to 60.41% (75.70% male and 43.85% female). This was the highest leap in the percentage of literacy recorded in India (th... | What is the national average for literacy in India? | What is the national average for literacy in India? | [
"What is the national average for literacy in India?"
] | {
"text": [
"74.04%"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90522 | 5731b3cab9d445190005e47f | Pacific_War | The Pacific War saw the Allied powers pitted against the Empire of Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by its Axis allies, Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the United States Army Air Forces,... | What nation were the allies against? | What nation were the allies against? | [
"What nation were the allies against?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78190 | 572774cedd62a815002e9d39 | Child_labour | In European history when child labour was common, as well as in contemporary child labour of modern world, certain cultural beliefs have rationalised child labour and thereby encouraged it. Some view that work is good for the character-building and skill development of children. In many cultures, particular where the i... | Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour? | Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour? | [
"Are boys or girls more likely in some cultures to be thrown into child labour?"
] | {
"text": [
"girls"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94273 | 5a7e6ce048f7d9001a0636d7 | Cork_(city) | While local government in Ireland has limited powers in comparison with other countries, the council has responsibility for planning, roads, sanitation, libraries, street lighting, parks, and a number of other important functions. Cork City Council has 31 elected members representing six electoral wards. The members ar... | What ward has the most members in D'Hondt? | What ward has the most members in D'Hondt? | [
"What ward has the most members in D'Hondt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9082 | 573252870fdd8d15006c699c | The_Bronx | The Bronx underwent rapid urban growth after World War I. Extensions of the New York City Subway contributed to the increase in population as thousands of immigrants came to the Bronx, resulting in a major boom in residential construction. Among these groups, many Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewis... | What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx? | What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx? | [
"What immigrant groups were the most prevalent in the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"Irish Americans, Italian Americans and especially Jewish Americans"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40295 | 572bcf17be1ee31400cb849a | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..." This ... | What was the song sung that lead to the arrest of Morrison? | What was the song sung that lead to the arrest of Morrison? | [
"What was the song sung that lead to the arrest of Morrison?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Peace Frog\""
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32836 | 5a32e05cbd0d7f001aef94cf | Central_African_Republic | When a second round of elections were finally held in 1993, again with the help of the international community coordinated by GIBAFOR, Ange-Félix Patassé won in the second round of voting with 53% of the vote while Goumba won 45.6%. Patassé's party, the Mouvement pour la Libération du Peuple Centrafricain (MLPC) or Mov... | What did Goumba help to coordinate in 1993? | What did Goumba help to coordinate in 1993? | [
"What did Goumba help to coordinate in 1993?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55161 | 570a8e676d058f1900182fa0 | Everton_F.C. | The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of... | When did the Everton Tigers win the BBL Cup? | When did the Everton Tigers win the BBL Cup? | [
"When did the Everton Tigers win the BBL Cup?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100530 | 5a282887d1a287001a6d0a9c | Post-punk | Post-punk is a heterogeneous type of rock music that emerged in the wake of the punk movement of the 1970s. Drawing inspiration from elements of punk rock while departing from its musical conventions and wider cultural affiliations, post-punk music was marked by varied, experimentalist sensibilities and its "conceptual... | What subject matter is avoided in post-punk music? | What subject matter is avoided in post-punk music? | [
"What subject matter is avoided in post-punk music?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93306 | 5ad192e6645df0001a2d2010 | Light-emitting_diode | This method involves coating LEDs of one color (mostly blue LEDs made of InGaN) with phosphors of different colors to form white light; the resultant LEDs are called phosphor-based or phosphor-converted white LEDs (pcLEDs). A fraction of the blue light undergoes the Stokes shift being transformed from shorter wavelengt... | What method involves coating LEDs of multiple color with phosphors of different colors? | What method involves coating LEDs of multiple color with phosphors of different colors? | [
"What method involves coating LEDs of multiple color with phosphors of different colors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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