gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-66030 | 571a35774faf5e1900b8a926 | Seattle | The main mode of transportation, however, relies on Seattle's streets, which are laid out in a cardinal directions grid pattern, except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North. Only two ... | What is planned to replace the Alaska Way Viaduct? | What is planned to replace the Alaska Way Viaduct? | [
"What is planned to replace the Alaska Way Viaduct?"
] | {
"text": [
"tunnel"
],
"answer_start": [
649
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26373 | 5ad11411645df0001a2d0c95 | Edmund_Burke | Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a... | Which of Burke's parents was an athiest? | Which of Burke's parents was an athiest? | [
"Which of Burke's parents was an athiest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21312 | 56e6c83cde9d37140006803c | Adult_contemporary_music | Soft rock reached its commercial peak in the mid-to-late 1970s with acts such as Toto, England Dan & John Ford Coley, Air Supply, Seals and Crofts, America and the reformed Fleetwood Mac, whose Rumours (1977) was the best-selling album of the decade. By 1977, some radio stations, like New York's WTFM and NBC-owned WYNY... | Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division? | Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division? | [
"Who was a prominent figure at NBC's radio division?"
] | {
"text": [
"Walter Sabo"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66063 | 570bd1adec8fbc190045bb23 | ASCII | ASCII was incorporated into the Unicode character set as the first 128 symbols, so the 7-bit ASCII characters have the same numeric codes in both sets. This allows UTF-8 to be backward compatible with 7-bit ASCII, as a UTF-8 file containing only ASCII characters is identical to an ASCII file containing the same sequenc... | How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode? | How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode? | [
"How many of the symbols are the same in the beginning of the ASCII and Unicode?"
] | {
"text": [
"128 symbols"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27565 | 573021a304bcaa1900d771ea | Liberia | Liberia is divided into fifteen counties, which, in turn, are subdivided into a total of 90 districts and further subdivided into clans. The oldest counties are Grand Bassa and Montserrado, both founded in 1839 prior to Liberian independence. Gbarpolu is the newest county, created in 2001. Nimba is the largest of the c... | When was Grand Bassa founded? | When was Grand Bassa founded? | [
"When was Grand Bassa founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1839"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5852 | 5ad2a0e8d7d075001a429ca6 | House_music | Chicago Mayor Richard M. Daley proclaimed August 10, 2005 to be "House Unity Day" in Chicago, in celebration of the "21st anniversary of house music" (actually the 21st anniversary of the founding of Trax Records, an independent Chicago-based house label). The proclamation recognized Chicago as the original home of hou... | In 2005, what anniversary was Oliver music celebrating? | In 2005, what anniversary was Oliver music celebrating? | [
"In 2005, what anniversary was Oliver music celebrating?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56107 | 56e7aedd37bdd419002c4330 | Arena_Football_League | On January 6, 2016, the league took over "ownership and operational control" of the Portland Thunder from its previous owners. The AFL stated this move was made after months of trying work out an arrangement "to provide financial and operational support." On February 3, 2016, it was announced that the franchise will st... | Who is commissioner of the Arena Football League? | Who is commissioner of the Arena Football League? | [
"Who is commissioner of the Arena Football League?"
] | {
"text": [
"Scott Butera"
],
"answer_start": [
520
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90661 | 5731fa3c0fdd8d15006c66b4 | Pacific_War | President Franklin Roosevelt ordered General Douglas MacArthur in the Philippines to formulate a Pacific defence plan with Australia in March 1942. Curtin agreed to place Australian forces under the command of MacArthur who became Supreme Commander, South West Pacific. MacArthur moved his headquarters to Melbourne in M... | Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942? | Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942? | [
"Where was MacArthur's headquarters moved to in March of 1942?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95465 | 5ad3d398604f3c001a3ff28b | Yale_University | The Revolutionary War soldier Nathan Hale (Yale 1773) was the prototype of the Yale ideal in the early 19th century: a manly yet aristocratic scholar, equally well-versed in knowledge and sports, and a patriot who "regretted" that he "had but one life to lose" for his country. Western painter Frederic Remington (Yale 1... | What was the name of the antagonist of "Stover at Yale"? | What was the name of the antagonist of "Stover at Yale"? | [
"What was the name of the antagonist of \"Stover at Yale\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86073 | 573426bed058e614000b6a1a | Tucson,_Arizona | A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, l... | What theme park is in Old West Tucson? | What theme park is in Old West Tucson? | [
"What theme park is in Old West Tucson?"
] | {
"text": [
"Old Tucson Studios"
],
"answer_start": [
740
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2337 | 56d0aa5a234ae51400d9c411 | Buddhism | Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. | Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies? | Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies? | [
"Does Buddhism encourage or discourage doctrinal studies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice."
],
"answer_start": [
181
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49799 | 56cd62e262d2951400fa655f | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | The Ming dynasty granted titles to lamas of schools such as the Karmapa Kargyu, but the latter had previously declined Mongol invitations to receive titles. When the Ming Yongle Emperor invited Je Tsongkhapa (1357–1419), founder of the Gelug school, to come to the Ming court and pay tribute, the latter declined. Wang a... | Who did the Ming Dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations? | Who did the Ming Dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations? | [
"Who did the Ming Dynasty decline titles from after receiving invitations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mongol"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96546 | 5a8c753efd22b3001a8d8824 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | There are several details that are only found in one of the gospel accounts. For instance, only Matthew's gospel mentions an earthquake, resurrected saints who went to the city and that Roman soldiers were assigned to guard the tomb, while Mark is the only one to state the actual time of the crucifixion (the third hour... | What did the Romans use when one of their soldiers had an injury? | What did the Romans use when one of their soldiers had an injury? | [
"What did the Romans use when one of their soldiers had an injury?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96172 | 5728c9942ca10214002da7d8 | Paris | Paris has a typical Western European oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfb ) which is affected by the North Atlantic Current. The overall climate throughout the year is mild and moderately wet. Summer days are usually warm and pleasant with average temperatures hovering between 15 and 25 °C (59 and 77 °F)... | Which current affects Paris' weather? | Which current affects Paris' weather? | [
"Which current affects Paris' weather?"
] | {
"text": [
"North Atlantic Current"
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111189 | 573199ecb9d445190005e3fd | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Romulus was credited with several religious institutions. He founded the Consualia festival, inviting the neighbouring Sabines to participate; the ensuing rape of the Sabine women by Romulus's men further embedded both violence and cultural assimilation in Rome's myth of origins. As a successful general, Romulus is als... | What type of organization did Romulus establish? | What type of organization did Romulus establish? | [
"What type of organization did Romulus establish?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94592 | 5726b593708984140094ce93 | Queen_(band) | On 23 November 1991, in a prepared statement made on his deathbed, Mercury confirmed that he had AIDS. Within 24 hours of the statement, he died of bronchial pneumonia, which was brought on as a complication of AIDS. His funeral service on 27 November in Kensal Green, West London was private, and held in accordance wit... | Which music video contains the last footage of Freddie Mercury? | Which music video contains the last footage of Freddie Mercury? | [
"Which music video contains the last footage of Freddie Mercury?"
] | {
"text": [
"These Are the Days of Our Lives"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102896 | 5acd1b1d07355d001abf3543 | Unicode | The Consortium first published The Unicode Standard (ISBN 0-321-18578-1) in 1991 and continues to develop standards based on that original work. The latest version of the standard, Unicode 8.0, was released in June 2015 and is available from the consortium's website. The last of the major versions (versions x.0) to be ... | What month did the Consortium first publish Unicode? | What month did the Consortium first publish Unicode? | [
"What month did the Consortium first publish Unicode?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80342 | 572fb798b2c2fd14005683b1 | Bacteria | Endospores show no detectable metabolism and can survive extreme physical and chemical stresses, such as high levels of UV light, gamma radiation, detergents, disinfectants, heat, freezing, pressure, and desiccation. In this dormant state, these organisms may remain viable for millions of years, and endospores even all... | Is there a metabolism in endospores? | Is there a metabolism in endospores? | [
"Is there a metabolism in endospores?"
] | {
"text": [
"show no detectable metabolism"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49379 | 5a87323e1d3cee001a6a111e | Tuberculosis | Tuberculosis caused the most widespread public concern in the 19th and early 20th centuries as an endemic disease of the urban poor. In 1815, one in four deaths in England was due to "consumption". By 1918, one in six deaths in France was still caused by TB. After TB was determined to be contagious, in the 1880s, it wa... | How many deaths in France were caused by TB in 1815? | How many deaths in France were caused by TB in 1815? | [
"How many deaths in France were caused by TB in 1815?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116111 | 5a68b4e08476ee001a58a778 | Punjab,_Pakistan | Punjab's geography mostly consists of the alluvial plain of the Indus River and its four major tributaries in Pakistan, the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, and Sutlej rivers. There are several mountainous regions, including the Sulaiman Mountains in the southwest part of the province, and Margalla Hills, Salt Range, and Pothohar... | What percentage of the large scale manufacturing takes place in Lahore? | What percentage of the large scale manufacturing takes place in Lahore? | [
"What percentage of the large scale manufacturing takes place in Lahore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25535 | 5730fc04497a881900248abe | Namibia | According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27.4%. "Strict unemployment" (people actively seeking a full-time job) stood at 20.2% in 2000, 21.9% in 2004 and spiraled to 29.4% in 2008. Under a broader definition (including peopl... | When was the lowest unemployment rate in Namibia? | When was the lowest unemployment rate in Namibia? | [
"When was the lowest unemployment rate in Namibia?"
] | {
"text": [
"20.2%"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75202 | 5ad122d9645df0001a2d0ece | Labour_Party_(UK) | Support for the LRC was boosted by the 1901 Taff Vale Case, a dispute between strikers and a railway company that ended with the union being ordered to pay £23,000 damages for a strike. The judgement effectively made strikes illegal since employers could recoup the cost of lost business from the unions. The apparent ac... | What refused to listen to industrial and business interests? | What refused to listen to industrial and business interests? | [
"What refused to listen to industrial and business interests?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60807 | 570b0e40ec8fbc190045b814 | Gregorian_calendar | The Gregorian reform contained two parts: a reform of the Julian calendar as used prior to Pope Gregory XIII's time and a reform of the lunar cycle used by the Church, with the Julian calendar, to calculate the date of Easter. The reform was a modification of a proposal made by Aloysius Lilius. His proposal included re... | What was the second reform of the calendar? | What was the second reform of the calendar? | [
"What was the second reform of the calendar?"
] | {
"text": [
"lunar cycle"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56125 | 56e7b06e37bdd419002c435e | Arena_Football_League | In August 2012, the AFL announced a new project into China, known as the China American Football League. The CAFL project is headed up by ESPN NFL analyst and Philadelphia Soul majority owner president Ron Jaworski. The plans were to establish a six-team league that would play a 10-week schedule that was slated to star... | Who is leading the China American Football League? | Who is leading the China American Football League? | [
"Who is leading the China American Football League?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ron Jaworski"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69398 | 570a8adb6d058f1900182f81 | Houston | Located in the American South, Houston is a diverse city with a large and growing international community. The metropolitan area is home to an estimated 1.1 million (21.4 percent) residents who were born outside the United States, with nearly two-thirds of the area's foreign-born population from south of the United Sta... | What percentage of Houston's foreign born population is from south of the U.S.-Mexican border? | What percentage of Houston's foreign born population is from south of the U.S.-Mexican border? | [
"What percentage of Houston's foreign born population is from south of the U.S.-Mexican border?"
] | {
"text": [
"two-thirds"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86617 | 5a78bb2fb73996001af5af65 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The content of the acts, particularly section 1 (1) of the amending act of 1938, shows the importance which was then attached to giving architects the responsibility of superintending or supervising the building works of local authorities (for housing and other projects), rather than persons professionally qualified on... | What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '80s? | What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '80s? | [
"What was the new name given to ARCUK in the '80s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32492 | 570df47a0dc6ce1900204d5a | Antarctica | Vinson Massif, the highest peak in Antarctica at 4,892 m (16,050 ft), is located in the Ellsworth Mountains. Antarctica contains many other mountains, on both the main continent and the surrounding islands. Mount Erebus on Ross Island is the world's southernmost active volcano. Another well-known volcano is found on De... | How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif? | How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif? | [
"How high is the Antarctic mountain Vinson Massif?"
] | {
"text": [
"4,892 m"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7162 | 5731599ee6313a140071ce6a | Red | Red, white, and black were the colors of the German Empire from 1870 to 1918, and as such they came to be associated with German nationalism. In the 1920s they were adopted as the colors of the Nazi flag. In Mein Kampf, Hitler explained that they were "revered colors expressive of our homage to the glorious past." The ... | In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag? | In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag? | [
"In what era did red white and black become part of the Nazi flag?"
] | {
"text": [
"1920s"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15463 | 5706c2370eeca41400aa0e04 | Black_people | According to the Office for National Statistics, at the 2001 census there were over a million black people in the United Kingdom; 1% of the total population described themselves as "Black Caribbean", 0.8% as "Black African", and 0.2% as "Black other". Britain encouraged the immigration of workers from the Caribbean aft... | What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"? | What percentage of the population was "Black Caribbean"? | [
"What percentage of the population was \"Black Caribbean\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"1%"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8480 | 5709a3e9ed30961900e843ab | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | President Franklin D. Roosevelt promoted a "good neighbor" policy that sought better relations with Mexico. In 1935 a federal judge ruled that three Mexican immigrants were ineligible for citizenship because they were not white, as required by federal law. Mexico protested, and Roosevelt decided to circumvent the decis... | People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt? | People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt? | [
"People of what descent were classified as white by the federal government at the suggestion of President Roosevelt?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mexican"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47505 | 572fb50004bcaa1900d76c20 | Armenia | Gorbachev's inability to alleviate any of Armenia's problems created disillusionment among the Armenians and fed a growing hunger for independence. In May 1990, the New Armenian Army (NAA) was established, serving as a defence force separate from the Soviet Red Army. Clashes soon broke out between the NAA and Soviet In... | When was the NAA formed? | When was the NAA formed? | [
"When was the NAA formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 1990"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88154 | 57286a723acd2414000df9bb | God | Some findings in the fields of cosmology, evolutionary biology and neuroscience are interpreted by atheists (including Lawrence M. Krauss and Sam Harris) as evidence that God is an imaginary entity only, with no basis in reality. A single, omniscient God who is imagined to have created the universe and is particularly ... | How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on? | How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on? | [
"How long has the thought of the existence of God been carried on?"
] | {
"text": [
"trans-generational"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13355 | 56e7a2d137bdd419002c42ac | Nanjing | Since the Three Kingdoms period, Nanjing has been an industrial centre for textiles and minting owing to its strategic geographical location and convenient transportation. During the Ming dynasty, Nanjing's industry was further expanded, and the city became one of the most prosperous cities in China and the world. It l... | During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia? | During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia? | [
"During what dynasty was Nanjing the biggest business center in all of East Asia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ming"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114138 | 572a3caeaf94a219006aa900 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The positions on the persistence of objects are somewhat similar. An endurantist holds that for an object to persist through time is for it to exist completely at different times (each instance of existence we can regard as somehow separate from previous and future instances, though still numerically identical with the... | Which view is seen as conventional? | Which view is seen as conventional? | [
"Which view is seen as conventional?"
] | {
"text": [
"Endurantism"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101267 | 5726d90bf1498d1400e8ed07 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | After the Baltic states were forced to accept treaties, Stalin turned his sights on Finland, confident that Finnish capitulation could be attained without great effort. The Soviets demanded territories on the Karelian Isthmus, the islands of the Gulf of Finland and a military base near the Finnish capital Helsinki, whi... | How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets? | How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets? | [
"How long did the Finnish military last during the invasion by the soviets?"
] | {
"text": [
"over three months"
],
"answer_start": [
893
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80490 | 5a6683dff038b7001ab0bf28 | Data_compression | Lossless data compression algorithms usually exploit statistical redundancy to represent data without losing any information, so that the process is reversible. Lossless compression is possible because most real-world data exhibits statistical redundancy. For example, an image may have areas of colour that do not chang... | What usually exploits run-length coding? | What usually exploits run-length coding? | [
"What usually exploits run-length coding?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93838 | 572e7fd1cb0c0d14000f11ce | Cyprus | In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first signific... | In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault? | In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault? | [
"In what year did Cyprus face a full-scale Ottoman assault?"
] | {
"text": [
"1570"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108988 | 5726e512f1498d1400e8ef14 | Literature | Literature allows readers to access intimate emotional aspects of a person’s character that would not be obvious otherwise. It benefits the psychological development and understanding of the reader. For example, it allows a person to access emotional states from which the person has distanced himself or herself. An ent... | Literature gives the reader insights into what areas of its characters? | Literature gives the reader insights into what areas of its characters? | [
"Literature gives the reader insights into what areas of its characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"intimate emotional aspects"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84040 | 573071d98ab72b1400f9c4f1 | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures? | What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures? | [
"What have translators acted as by conveying knowledge between cultures?"
] | {
"text": [
"bridges"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45562 | 571a8d3710f8ca1400305118 | Ashkenazi_Jews | The term Ashkenazi also refers to the nusach Ashkenaz (Hebrew, "liturgical tradition", or rite) used by Ashkenazi Jews in their Siddur (prayer book). A nusach is defined by a liturgical tradition's choice of prayers, order of prayers, text of prayers and melodies used in the singing of prayers. Two other major forms of... | The term Ashkenazi also refers to what? | The term Ashkenazi also refers to what? | [
"The term Ashkenazi also refers to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the nusach Ashkenaz"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96583 | 5a8c7ac0fd22b3001a8d88c5 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to ... | What other two days could the New Testament could have been written? | What other two days could the New Testament could have been written? | [
"What other two days could the New Testament could have been written?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21551 | 5730ab9c396df9190009626d | Sumer | Although short-lived, one of the first empires known to history was that of Eannatum of Lagash, who annexed practically all of Sumer, including Kish, Uruk, Ur, and Larsa, and reduced to tribute the city-state of Umma, arch-rival of Lagash. In addition, his realm extended to parts of Elam and along the Persian Gulf. He ... | What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line? | What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line? | [
"What did Eannatum use to keep the people of the time in line?"
] | {
"text": [
"terror"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103766 | 572a50227a1753140016ae9a | East_Prussia | Although the 1945–1949 expulsion of Germans from the northern part of former East Prussia was often conducted in a violent and aggressive way by Soviet officials, the present Russian inhabitants of the Kaliningrad Oblast have much less animosity towards Germans. German names have been revived in commercial Russian trad... | How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians? | How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians? | [
"How was the removal of the Germans in East Prussia usually handled by the Russians?"
] | {
"text": [
"violent and aggressive"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46736 | 5ad0c831645df0001a2d030e | Department_store | Chain department stores grew rapidly after 1920, and provided competition for the downtown upscale department stores, as well as local department stores in small cities. J. C. Penney had four stores in 1908, 312 in 1920, and 1452 in 1930. Sears, Roebuck & Company, a giant mail-order house, opened its first eight retail... | How many stores was Sears operating in 1904? | How many stores was Sears operating in 1904? | [
"How many stores was Sears operating in 1904?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8729 | 5ace051a32bba1001ae49977 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On October 11, 1944, the Tuvan People's Republic joined the Russian SFSR as the Tuvan Autonomous Oblast, in 1961 becoming an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. | What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it exited the RSFSR? | What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it exited the RSFSR? | [
"What was the Tuvan People's Republic renamed when it exited the RSFSR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23730 | 5acfbf7c77cf76001a685c46 | Federalism | Anarchists are against the State but are not against political organization or "governance"—so long as it is self-governance utilizing direct democracy. The mode of political organization preferred by anarchists, in general, is federalism or confederalism.[citation needed] However, the anarchist definition of federalis... | What are anarchists for? | What are anarchists for? | [
"What are anarchists for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72555 | 5726918f5951b619008f76ee | Greece | Following the assassination of Phillip II, his son Alexander III ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC. Undefeated in battle, Alexander had conquered the Persian Empire in its entirety by 330 BC... | The Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander by what year? | The Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander by what year? | [
"The Persian Empire was conquered by Alexander by what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"330 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98275 | 56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c54 | Alps | Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the ... | What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley | What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley | [
"What lays at the bottom of the Inn Valley"
] | {
"text": [
"Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95979 | 5726bf4d708984140094d03c | Hokkien | Hokkien dialects are analytic; in a sentence, the arrangement of words is important to its meaning. A basic sentence follows the subject–verb–object pattern (i.e. a subject is followed by a verb then by an object), though this order is often violated because Hokkien dialects are topic-prominent. Unlike synthetic langua... | Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate? | Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate? | [
"Unlike synthetic languages, what do Hokkien sentences not indicate?"
] | {
"text": [
"time, gender and plural"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91784 | 5727881cdd62a815002e9fa4 | Botany | The root system and the shoot system are interdependent – the usually nonphotosynthetic root system depends on the shoot system for food, and the usually photosynthetic shoot system depends on water and minerals from the root system. Cells in each system are capable of creating cells of the other and producing adventit... | What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots? | What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots? | [
"What happens if a plant looses roots or its shoots?"
] | {
"text": [
"can often regrow it"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74564 | 5ace5ccb32bba1001ae4a407 | Asphalt | In 1914, Claridge's Company entered into a joint venture to produce tar-bound macadam, with materials manufactured through a subsidiary company called Clarmac Roads Ltd. Two products resulted, namely Clarmac, and Clarphalte, with the former being manufactured by Clarmac Roads and the latter by Claridge's Patent Asphalt... | What happened to Claridge's Company in 1915? | What happened to Claridge's Company in 1915? | [
"What happened to Claridge's Company in 1915?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9482 | 5a6bbc0f4eec6b001a80a567 | Myocardial_infarction | In contrast, IHD is becoming a more common cause of death in the developing world. For example, in India, IHD had become the leading cause of death by 2004, accounting for 1.46 million deaths (14% of total deaths) and deaths due to IHD were expected to double during 1985–2015. Globally, disability adjusted life years (... | How many people died from IHD from 1985-2015? | How many people died from IHD from 1985-2015? | [
"How many people died from IHD from 1985-2015?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68217 | 57304c812461fd1900a9ccfb | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge across the Cooper River opened on July 16, 2005, and was the second-longest cable-stayed bridge in the Americas at the time of its construction.[citation needed] The bridge links Mount Pleasant with downtown Charleston, and has eight lanes plus a 12-foot lane shared by pedestrians and bicy... | What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open? | What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open? | [
"What year did the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge open?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110765 | 57301dc9947a6a140053d132 | Iran | To the west, settlements in the Zagros basin experience lower temperatures, severe winters with below zero average daily temperatures and heavy snowfall. The eastern and central basins are arid, with less than 200 mm (7.9 in) of rain, and have occasional deserts. Average summer temperatures rarely exceed 38 °C (100.4 °... | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter? | In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter? | [
"In Iran's western Zagros Basin, what are the average daily temperatures during winter?"
] | {
"text": [
"below zero"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28426 | 5ad4da2f5b96ef001a10a3ca | Steven_Spielberg | In 2002, Spielberg was one of eight flagbearers who carried the Olympic Flag into Rice-Eccles Stadium at the Opening Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympic Games in Salt Lake City. In 2006, Premiere listed him as the most powerful and influential figure in the motion picture industry. Time listed him as one of the 100 M... | Where were the 2006 Winter Olympics held? | Where were the 2006 Winter Olympics held? | [
"Where were the 2006 Winter Olympics held?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115426 | 56eaa9720030b61400a35015 | Political_corruption | An unholy alliance is a coalition among seemingly antagonistic groups for ad hoc or hidden gain, generally some influential non-governmental group forming ties with political parties, supplying funding in exchange for the favorable treatment. Like patronage, unholy alliances are not necessarily illegal, but unlike patr... | When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what? | When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what? | [
"When groups that are antagonistic to each other form a coalition for hidden gain, it is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"unholy alliance"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18843 | 5733e5f54776f41900661466 | Premier_League | In 1992, the First Division clubs resigned from the Football League en masse and on 27 May 1992 the FA Premier League was formed as a limited company working out of an office at the Football Association's then headquarters in Lancaster Gate. This meant a break-up of the 104-year-old Football League that had operated un... | Out of which organization's headquarters did the original FA Premier League staff operate out of? | Out of which organization's headquarters did the original FA Premier League staff operate out of? | [
"Out of which organization's headquarters did the original FA Premier League staff operate out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Football Association"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96367 | 5728fb086aef051400154935 | Paris | Bal-musette is a style of French music and dance that first became popular in Paris in the 1870s and 1880s; by 1880 Paris had some 150 dance halls in the working-class neighbourhoods of the city. Patrons danced the bourrée to the accompaniment of the cabrette (a bellows-blown bagpipe locally called a "musette") and oft... | in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris? | in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris? | [
"in 1880, how many dance halls were in Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"150"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46861 | 5a8c7cd4fd22b3001a8d8910 | Textual_criticism | Two common considerations have the Latin names lectio brevior (shorter reading) and lectio difficilior (more difficult reading). The first is the general observation that scribes tended to add words, for clarification or out of habit, more often than they removed them. The second, lectio difficilior potior (the harder ... | What's the term for "longer reading"? | What's the term for "longer reading"? | [
"What's the term for \"longer reading\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41820 | 56d6488e1c85041400947070 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal. | Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion? | Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion? | [
"Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion?"
] | {
"text": [
"school construction scandal"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35828 | 5a48276284b8a4001a7e77f0 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by his wif... | What is the name of a private resdearch university in London? | What is the name of a private resdearch university in London? | [
"What is the name of a private resdearch university in London?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5054 | 56e1441acd28a01900c67703 | Boston | The city, especially the East Boston neighborhood, has a significant Hispanic community. Hispanics in Boston are mostly of Puerto Rican (30,506 or 4.9% of total city population), Dominican (25,648 or 4.2% of total city population), Salvadoran (10,850 or 1.8% of city population), Colombian (6,649 or 1.1% of total city p... | How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston? | How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston? | [
"How many Puerto Rican hispanics live in greater Boston?"
] | {
"text": [
"175,000+"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106618 | 57265ab2f1498d1400e8dcf8 | East_India_Company | Every continued in pursuit and managed to overhaul Ganj-i-Sawai, which resisted strongly before eventually striking. Ganj-i-Sawai carried enormous wealth and, according to contemporary East India Company sources, was carrying a relative of the Grand Mughal, though there is no evidence to suggest that it was his daughte... | how many gold and silver pieces were on the Ganj-i-Sawai? | how many gold and silver pieces were on the Ganj-i-Sawai? | [
"how many gold and silver pieces were on the Ganj-i-Sawai?"
] | {
"text": [
"500,000 gold and silver pieces"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87560 | 5729baed1d046914007795d9 | IBM | Thomas J. Watson, Sr., fired from the National Cash Register Company by John Henry Patterson, called on Flint and, in 1914, was offered CTR. Watson joined CTR as General Manager then, 11 months later, was made President when court cases relating to his time at NCR were resolved. Having learned Patterson's pioneering bu... | The name International Business Machines was first used in what year? | The name International Business Machines was first used in what year? | [
"The name International Business Machines was first used in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1917"
],
"answer_start": [
1043
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39765 | 572749fdf1498d1400e8f5aa | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The city struck fortune in the late 18th century with the inventions and industrial activity of Eli Whitney, a Yale graduate who remained in New Haven to develop the cotton gin and establish a gun-manufacturing factory in the northern part of the city near the Hamden town line. That area is still known as Whitneyville,... | Who is the Yale graduate, inventor, and arms manufacturer that had a large positive impact on the New Haven economy in the late 18th century? | Who is the Yale graduate, inventor, and arms manufacturer that had a large positive impact on the New Haven economy in the late 18th century? | [
"Who is the Yale graduate, inventor, and arms manufacturer that had a large positive impact on the New Haven economy in the late 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Eli Whitney"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102756 | 5a79eb9a17ab25001a8a01ce | Association_football | Along with the general administration of the sport, football associations and competition organisers also enforce good conduct in wider aspects of the game, dealing with issues such as comments to the press, clubs' financial management, doping, age fraud and match fixing. Most competitions enforce mandatory suspensions... | What do players who are sent off in a game never faced with? | What do players who are sent off in a game never faced with? | [
"What do players who are sent off in a game never faced with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11143 | 5733de0bd058e614000b646e | Anthropology | Psychological anthropology is an interdisciplinary subfield of anthropology that studies the interaction of cultural and mental processes. This subfield tends to focus on ways in which humans' development and enculturation within a particular cultural group—with its own history, language, practices, and conceptual cate... | What shapes processes of human cognition? | What shapes processes of human cognition? | [
"What shapes processes of human cognition?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural group"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-242 | 56f8f4f49b226e1400dd11fc | Guinea-Bissau | Flora Gomes is an internationally renowned film director; his most famous film is Nha Fala (English: My Voice). Gomes's Mortu Nega (Death Denied) (1988) was the first fiction film and the second feature film ever made in Guinea-Bissau. (The first feature film was N’tturudu, by director Umban u’Kest in 1987.) At FESPACO... | What prize did the film Mortu Nega win? | What prize did the film Mortu Nega win? | [
"What prize did the film Mortu Nega win?"
] | {
"text": [
"Oumarou Ganda Prize"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39269 | 57324a780fdd8d15006c691c | Protestantism | Larry Christenson, a Lutheran theologian based in San Pedro, California, did much in the 1960s and 1970s to interpret the charismatic movement for Lutherans. A very large annual conference regarding that matter was held in Minneapolis. Charismatic Lutheran congregations in Minnesota became especially large and influent... | What was published in 1974? | What was published in 1974? | [
"What was published in 1974?"
] | {
"text": [
"Touched by the Spirit"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73983 | 5acf9cb577cf76001a6854df | Architecture | For Ruskin, the aesthetic was of overriding significance. His work goes on to state that a building is not truly a work of architecture unless it is in some way "adorned". For Ruskin, a well-constructed, well-proportioned, functional building needed string courses or rustication, at the very least. | What features at maximum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional? | What features at maximum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional? | [
"What features at maximum did Ruskin insist on for a building to be considered functional?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21260 | 56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3b | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s? | What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s? | [
"What was the prevailing style of adult contemporary music in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [
"soft rock"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83094 | 56dec3cc3277331400b4d71b | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Although he began his tenure as governor with record high approval ratings (as high as 89% in December 2003), he left office with a record low 23%, only one percent higher than that of Gray Davis's when he was recalled in October 2003. | What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor? | What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor? | [
"What was Schwarzenegger's highest approval rating during his stint as governor?"
] | {
"text": [
"89%"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91995 | 5a8191e131013a001a334cc7 | Cotton | Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy ... | What type of plant is defoliant? | What type of plant is defoliant? | [
"What type of plant is defoliant?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86293 | 5734453aacc1501500babd5b | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of ... | What transit systems does Sun Link connect to? | What transit systems does Sun Link connect to? | [
"What transit systems does Sun Link connect to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the University of Arizona's CatTran shuttles, Amtrak, and Greyhound intercity bus service"
],
"answer_start": [
502
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84415 | 5ad4a71eba00c4001a268edf | San_Diego | With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop... | Of all military branches, which one has the weakest presence in San Diego? | Of all military branches, which one has the weakest presence in San Diego? | [
"Of all military branches, which one has the weakest presence in San Diego?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60529 | 5ace319832bba1001ae49d81 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | As of the 2010 U.S. Census, there were 113,394 people, 45,634 households, and 21,704 families residing in the city. The population density was 4,270.33 people per square mile (2653.47/km²). There were 49,982 housing units at an average density of 1,748.0 per square mile (675.0/km²), making it less densely populated tha... | What outer-ring suburbs were more densely populated than Ann Arbor? | What outer-ring suburbs were more densely populated than Ann Arbor? | [
"What outer-ring suburbs were more densely populated than Ann Arbor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104273 | 5ad211e7d7d075001a4282e0 | Mandolin | In his 1805 mandolin method, Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi, Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised the Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached. Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire strung m... | How many double strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have? | How many double strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have? | [
" How many double strings did the Cremonese Mandolin have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94808 | 571084dcb654c5140001f94a | Age_of_Enlightenment | The Age of Enlightenment was preceded by and closely associated with the scientific revolution. Earlier philosophers whose work influenced the Enlightenment included Francis Bacon, Descartes, Locke, and Spinoza. The major figures of the Enlightenment included Cesare Beccaria, Voltaire, Denis Diderot, Jean-Jacques Rouss... | Did the scientific revolution precede or follow the Age of Enlightenment? | Did the scientific revolution precede or follow the Age of Enlightenment? | [
"Did the scientific revolution precede or follow the Age of Enlightenment?"
] | {
"text": [
"preceded"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64303 | 57281ad82ca10214002d9df5 | John_von_Neumann | The second approach to the problem took as its base the notion of class, and defines a set as a class which belongs to other classes, while a proper class is defined as a class which does not belong to other classes. Under the Zermelo–Fraenkel approach, the axioms impede the construction of a set of all sets which do n... | Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves? | Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves? | [
"Under what approach does an axiom impede a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zermelo–Fraenkel"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51847 | 570c5be2fed7b91900d4591d | John,_King_of_England | John was incensed about what he perceived as an abrogation of his customary right as monarch to influence the election. He complained both about the choice of Langton as an individual, as John felt he was overly influenced by the Capetian court in Paris, and about the process as a whole. He barred Langton from entering... | John felt Langton was overly influenced by what? | John felt Langton was overly influenced by what? | [
"John felt Langton was overly influenced by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Capetian court in Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17158 | 5ad14b6e645df0001a2d1609 | Uranium | The interactions of carbonate anions with uranium(VI) cause the Pourbaix diagram to change greatly when the medium is changed from water to a carbonate containing solution. While the vast majority of carbonates are insoluble in water (students are often taught that all carbonates other than those of alkali metals are i... | What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal dioxides and three or more carbonates? | What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal dioxides and three or more carbonates? | [
"What does a uranium(VI) cation form when it binds to two terminal dioxides and three or more carbonates?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51009 | 572f9a52b2c2fd140056823d | Seven_Years%27_War | The Anglo-French hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, which involved a complex series of land exchanges, the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana, and to Great Britain the rest of New France except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Faced with the choice of retrieving e... | What country ended up with Lie d'Orleans | What country ended up with Lie d'Orleans | [
"What country ended up with Lie d'Orleans"
] | {
"text": [
"Spain lost control of Florida to Great Britain, but it received from the French the Île d'Orléans"
],
"answer_start": [
574
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81738 | 5706be1e0eeca41400aa0de8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | The median income for a household in the city was $26,969, and the median income for a family was $31,997. Males had a median income of $25,471 versus $23,863 for females. The per capita income for the city was $15,402. About 19.1% of families and 23.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29.1% of ... | What was the median income for a family in the city? | What was the median income for a family in the city? | [
"What was the median income for a family in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"$31,997"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27427 | 572fab9fb2c2fd14005682fc | Transistor | Manufacturers of devices may have their own proprietary numbering system, for example CK722. Since devices are second-sourced, a manufacturer's prefix (like "MPF" in MPF102, which originally would denote a Motorola FET) now is an unreliable indicator of who made the device. Some proprietary naming schemes adopt parts o... | What makes a manufacturer's prefix less reliable? | What makes a manufacturer's prefix less reliable? | [
"What makes a manufacturer's prefix less reliable?"
] | {
"text": [
"devices are second-sourced"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83381 | 5727d3462ca10214002d976c | Dominican_Order | Dominic's search for a close relationship with God was determined and unceasing. He rarely spoke, so little of his interior life is known. What is known about it comes from accounts written by people near to him. St. Cecilia remembered him as cheerful, charitable and full of unceasing vigor. From a number of accounts, ... | What did Dominic refuse to do? | What did Dominic refuse to do? | [
"What did Dominic refuse to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"carry money"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67400 | 5a107aabdecec90018475682 | Hanover | But Hanover is not only one of the most important Exhibition Cities in the world, it is also one of the German capitals for marksmen. The Schützenfest Hannover is the largest Marksmen's Fun Fair in the world and takes place once a year (late June to early July) (2014 - July 4th to the 13th). It consists of more than 26... | How many people watch the parade of the marksman? | How many people watch the parade of the marksman? | [
"How many people watch the parade of the marksman?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58656 | 5a2af3a95b078a001a2f0764 | Sanskrit | Satyagraha, an opera by Philip Glass, uses texts from the Bhagavad Gita, sung in Sanskrit. The closing credits of The Matrix Revolutions has a prayer from the Brihadaranyaka Upanishad. The song "Cyber-raga" from Madonna's album Music includes Sanskrit chants, and Shanti/Ashtangi from her 1998 album Ray of Light, which ... | Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from? | Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from? | [
"Where did the Gayatri Mantra taken from Rigveda come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50698 | 56e88a380b45c0140094cced | Bern | It includes the entire Old Town, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions... | What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town? | What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town? | [
"What does the UNESCO consider the entre Old Town?"
] | {
"text": [
"a UNESCO World Heritage Site"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7825 | 5726ce13dd62a815002e90d4 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright infringement is the use of works protected by copyright law without permission, infringing certain exclusive rights granted to the copyright holder, such as the right to reproduce, distribute, display or perform the protected work, or to make derivative works. The copyright holder is typically the work's crea... | You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called? | You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called? | [
"You wrote a song that was based on an original work, what is this called?"
] | {
"text": [
"derivative works"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73504 | 56db2eaae7c41114004b4ef1 | American_Idol | The thirteenth season premiered on January 15, 2014, with Ryan Seacrest returning as host. Randy Jackson and Keith Urban returned, though Jackson moved from the judging panel to the role of in-mentor. Mariah Carey and Nicki Minaj left the panel after one season. Former judge Jennifer Lopez and former mentor Harry Conni... | Which former judge came back to the judges' panel this season? | Which former judge came back to the judges' panel this season? | [
"Which former judge came back to the judges' panel this season?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jennifer Lopez"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94646 | 5726ce80708984140094d1e9 | Queen_(band) | In May 2011, Jane's Addiction vocalist Perry Farrell noted that Queen are currently scouting their once former and current live bassist Chris Chaney to join the band. Farrell stated: "I have to keep Chris away from Queen, who want him and they're not gonna get him unless we're not doing anything. Then they can have him... | Which artist presented the Global Icon Award to Queen in 2011? | Which artist presented the Global Icon Award to Queen in 2011? | [
"Which artist presented the Global Icon Award to Queen in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"Katy Perry"
],
"answer_start": [
676
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30321 | 5726b79bdd62a815002e8dea | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | The Time Warner Cable Music Pavilion at Walnut Creek hosts major international touring acts. In 2011, the Downtown Raleigh Amphitheater opened (now sponsored as the Red Hat Amphitheater), which hosts numerous concerts primarily in the summer months. An additional amphitheater sits on the grounds of the North Carolina M... | What event plaza is in Cary? | What event plaza is in Cary? | [
"What event plaza is in Cary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Koka Booth Amphitheatre"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101174 | 5ad27de2d7d075001a4296db | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | By the end of May, drafts were formally presented. In mid-June, the main Tripartite negotiations started. The discussion was focused on potential guarantees to central and east European countries should a German aggression arise. The USSR proposed to consider that a political turn towards Germany by the Baltic states w... | What month did the Tripartite discussions end between Britain, USSR and France? | What month did the Tripartite discussions end between Britain, USSR and France? | [
"What month did the Tripartite discussions end between Britain, USSR and France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34855 | 5a21c4ba8a6e4f001aa08eac | Political_philosophy | John Locke in particular exemplified this new age of political theory with his work Two Treatises of Government. In it Locke proposes a state of nature theory that directly complements his conception of how political development occurs and how it can be founded through contractual obligation. Locke stood to refute Sir ... | What did Locke accept that Machiavelli and Hobbes also believed? | What did Locke accept that Machiavelli and Hobbes also believed? | [
"What did Locke accept that Machiavelli and Hobbes also believed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62768 | 572f742404bcaa1900d76978 | Pain | Breakthrough pain is transitory acute pain that comes on suddenly and is not alleviated by the patient's normal pain management. It is common in cancer patients who often have background pain that is generally well-controlled by medications, but who also sometimes experience bouts of severe pain that from time to time ... | What class of medication is fentanyl an example of? | What class of medication is fentanyl an example of? | [
"What class of medication is fentanyl an example of?"
] | {
"text": [
"opioids"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71235 | 56e79e2737bdd419002c4257 | University_of_Kansas | The school newspaper of the University of Kansas is University Daily Kansan, which placed first in the Intercollegiate Writing Competition of the prestigious William Randolph Hearst Writing Foundation competition, often called "The Pulitzers of College Journalism" in 2007. In Winter 2008, a group of students created KU... | What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2006? | What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2006? | [
"What is the name of the poet who won the Nelson award in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"Matthew Porubsky"
],
"answer_start": [
717
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8498 | 5709ac95200fba1400368255 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | "Data on ethnic groups are important for putting into effect a number of federal statutes (i.e., enforcing bilingual election rules under the Voting Rights Act; monitoring and enforcing equal employment opportunities under the Civil Rights Act). Data on Ethnic Groups are also needed by local governments to run programs... | What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups? | What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups? | [
"What act has laws about equal employment opportunities for ethnic groups?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Civil Rights Act"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15608 | 5726b6e6f1498d1400e8e896 | Chinese_characters | Chinese characters are logograms used in the writing of Chinese and some other Asian languages. In Standard Chinese they are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: 汉字; traditional Chinese: 漢字). They have been adapted to write a number of other languages including: Japanese, where they are known as kanji, Korean, where they ... | What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese? | What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese? | [
"What are logograms used in the writing of Chinese?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese characters"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69427 | 570a95c96d058f1900182fce | Houston | During the summer months, it is common for temperatures to reach over 90 °F (32 °C), with an average of 106.5 days per year, including a majority from June to September, with a high of 90 °F or above and 4.6 days at or over 100 °F (38 °C). However, humidity usually yields a higher heat index. Summer mornings average ov... | What weather factor produces a higher heat index? | What weather factor produces a higher heat index? | [
"What weather factor produces a higher heat index?"
] | {
"text": [
"humidity"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66319 | 5728253a2ca10214002d9ef6 | Brigham_Young_University | BYU offers programs in liberal arts, engineering, agriculture, management, physical and mathematical sciences, nursing and law. The university is broadly organized into 11 colleges or schools at its main Provo campus, with certain colleges and divisions defining their own admission standards. The university also admini... | How many satellite campuses are run by BYU? | How many satellite campuses are run by BYU? | [
"How many satellite campuses are run by BYU?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
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