gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-55829 | 5a0cf9e5f5590b0018dab6c7 | Clothing | Scientists are still debating when people started wearing clothes. Ralf Kittler, Manfred Kayser and Mark Stoneking, anthropologists at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, have conducted a genetic analysis of human body lice that suggests clothing originated quite recently, around 170,000 years ago. ... | Southward migration coincided with what? | Southward migration coincided with what? | [
"Southward migration coincided with what? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85488 | 5728283a4b864d19001645ff | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets more like what is found in the U.S. Treasury? | What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets more like what is found in the U.S. Treasury? | [
"What would have to happen to make European sovereign debt assets more like what is found in the U.S. Treasury?"
] | {
"text": [
"a collective guarantee of the member states' solvency"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18138 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d0408 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, I... | What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development? | What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development? | [
"What is the acronym for the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94126 | 5727add53acd2414000de96c | Cork_(city) | The Cork School of Music and the Crawford College of Art and Design provide a throughput of new blood, as do the active theatre components of several courses at University College Cork (UCC). Highlights include: Corcadorca Theatre Company, of which Cillian Murphy was a troupe member prior to Hollywood fame; the Institu... | Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company? | Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company? | [
"Which Hollywood actress first began in Cork at the Corcadorca Theatre Company?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cillian Murphy"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102780 | 57305b3f8ab72b1400f9c499 | Association_football | The governing bodies in each country operate league systems in a domestic season, normally comprising several divisions, in which the teams gain points throughout the season depending on results. Teams are placed into tables, placing them in order according to points accrued. Most commonly, each team plays every other ... | What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season? | What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season? | [
"What is the name for the type of tournament teams play in regular season?"
] | {
"text": [
"round-robin"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17994 | 56dfbedb7aa994140058e0e9 | Internet_service_provider | A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send, receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations. | What is a mailbox provider? | What is a mailbox provider? | [
"What is a mailbox provider? "
] | {
"text": [
"an organization that provides services for hosting electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32777 | 5a32d866bd0d7f001aef948e | Central_African_Republic | During the 16th and 17th centuries slave traders began to raid the region as part of the expansion of the Saharan and Nile River slave routes. Their captives were slaved and shipped to the Mediterranean coast, Europe, Arabia, the Western Hemisphere, or to the slave ports and factories along the West and North Africa or... | Why did the Bandia-Nzakara raid the region in the 16th and 17th centuries? | Why did the Bandia-Nzakara raid the region in the 16th and 17th centuries? | [
"Why did the Bandia-Nzakara raid the region in the 16th and 17th centuries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72720 | 5ad36c75604f3c001a3fe1a5 | Dell | In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available pa... | With what kind of parts were consumers unable to upgrade their Dell systems with? | With what kind of parts were consumers unable to upgrade their Dell systems with? | [
"With what kind of parts were consumers unable to upgrade their Dell systems with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78371 | 5ad23ae0d7d075001a428858 | Greeks | Greek colonies and communities have been historically established on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea, but the Greek people have always been centered around the Aegean and Ionian seas, where the Greek language has been spoken since the Bronze Age. Until the early 20th century, Greeks were distributed b... | What are two cities associated with the formation of Egyptian culture? | What are two cities associated with the formation of Egyptian culture? | [
"What are two cities associated with the formation of Egyptian culture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85823 | 5711264da58dae1900cd6ca8 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In December 1993, the Famicom received a similar redesign. It also loads cartridges through a covered slot on the top of the unit and uses non-hardwired controllers. Because HVC-101 used composite video output instead of being RF only like the HVC-001, Nintendo marketed the newer model as the AV Famicom (AV仕様ファミコン, Eib... | What month and year did the Famicom receive a redesign? | What month and year did the Famicom receive a redesign? | [
"What month and year did the Famicom receive a redesign?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 1993"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82433 | 56e72ec800c9c71400d76ee9 | Daylight_saving_time | In the case of the United States where a one-hour shift occurs at 02:00 local time, in spring the clock jumps forward from the last moment of 01:59 standard time to 03:00 DST and that day has 23 hours, whereas in autumn the clock jumps backward from the last moment of 01:59 DST to 01:00 standard time, repeating that ho... | In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long? | In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long? | [
"In the fall, DST means one hour is repeated, which means the day is actually how many hours long?"
] | {
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112409 | 570d2681fed7b91900d45c65 | United_States_Army | The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military he... | From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from? | From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from? | [
"From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Europe"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16144 | 572ebb0fc246551400ce45b0 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi's earliest education was of a religious nature, imparted by a local Islamic teacher. Subsequently moving to nearby Sirte to attend elementary school, he progressed through six grades in four years. Education in Libya was not free, but his father thought it would greatly benefit his son despite the financial str... | Were Gaddafi's parents educated? | Were Gaddafi's parents educated? | [
"Were Gaddafi's parents educated?"
] | {
"text": [
"while Muammar attended secondary school, something neither parent had done."
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25207 | 56d11aec17492d1400aab97f | New_York_City | The George Washington Bridge is the world's busiest motor vehicle bridge, connecting Manhattan to Bergen County, New Jersey. The Verrazano-Narrows Bridge is the longest suspension bridge in the Americas and one of the world's longest. The Brooklyn Bridge is an icon of the city itself. The towers of the Brooklyn Bridge ... | What is the longest suspension bridge in the United States? | What is the longest suspension bridge in the United States? | [
"What is the longest suspension bridge in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"Verrazano-Narrows Bridge"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63414 | 5725ca9e271a42140099d1ca | Buckingham_Palace | By 1847, the couple had found the palace too small for court life and their growing family, and consequently the new wing, designed by Edward Blore, was built by Thomas Cubitt, enclosing the central quadrangle. The large East Front, facing The Mall, is today the "public face" of Buckingham Palace, and contains the balc... | The East Front contains what famous feature? | The East Front contains what famous feature? | [
"The East Front contains what famous feature?"
] | {
"text": [
"the balcony"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62995 | 5a7a0b7d17ab25001a8a0259 | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | How many people speak Czech in Russia? | How many people speak Czech in Russia? | [
"How many people speak Czech in Russia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89025 | 56df76b85ca0a614008f9abc | Hunter-gatherer | As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su... | What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent? | What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent? | [
"What type of expansion was it in places like the Fertile Crescent?"
] | {
"text": [
"agriculture-driven"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33276 | 5726419e38643c19005ad399 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instrumen... | When was this style of lamp developed? | When was this style of lamp developed? | [
"When was this style of lamp developed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1915"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7236 | 5a136e9dc8eab200188dc964 | Georgian_architecture | The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absen... | What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to? | What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to? | [
"What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113992 | 5a42b2484a4859001aac72b4 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | In 1781, Immanuel Kant published the Critique of Pure Reason, one of the most influential works in the history of the philosophy of space and time. He describes time as an a priori notion that, together with other a priori notions such as space, allows us to comprehend sense experience. Kant denies that either space or... | What does Kant say we use as a framework to stucture time? | What does Kant say we use as a framework to stucture time? | [
"What does Kant say we use as a framework to stucture time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23802 | 5acfb88f77cf76001a685a66 | Federalism | From 1938 until 1995, the U.S. Supreme Court did not invalidate any federal statute as exceeding Congress' power under the Commerce Clause. Most actions by the federal government can find some legal support among the express powers, such as the Commerce Clause, whose applicability has been narrowed by the Supreme Court... | What are no actions in the federal government known as? | What are no actions in the federal government known as? | [
"What are no actions in the federal government known as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96468 | 5729083aaf94a219006a9fa7 | Paris | Health care and emergency medical service in the city of Paris and its suburbs are provided by the Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), a public hospital system that employs more than 90,000 people (including practitioners, support personnel, and administrators) in 44 hospitals. It is the largest hospital s... | How many hospitals are in Paris? | How many hospitals are in Paris? | [
"How many hospitals are in Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"44"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-870 | 56df81685ca0a614008f9baa | Plymouth | People from Plymouth are known as Plymothians or less formally as Janners. Its meaning is described as a person from Devon, deriving from Cousin Jan (the Devon form of John), but more particularly in naval circles anyone from the Plymouth area. | In Devon, Jan is another way of saying what common English name? | In Devon, Jan is another way of saying what common English name? | [
"In Devon, Jan is another way of saying what common English name?"
] | {
"text": [
"John"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105802 | 5a569e7f6349e2001acdce9b | Compact_disc | The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ri... | How is the physical image placed on the blank CD? | How is the physical image placed on the blank CD? | [
"How is the physical image placed on the blank CD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99494 | 56fb2ff68f12f319006302fc | Middle_Ages | The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, w... | In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? | In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids? | [
"In what century did the revival of Persia occur under the Sassanids?"
] | {
"text": [
"3rd century"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85476 | 5728240c2ca10214002d9ecc | European_Central_Bank | Rescue operations involving sovereign debt have included temporarily moving bad or weak assets off the balance sheets of the weak member banks into the balance sheets of the European Central Bank. Such action is viewed as monetisation and can be seen as an inflationary threat, whereby the strong member countries of the... | What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage? | What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage? | [
"What can be shuffeled around during a soverign debt crisis to mitigate the damage?"
] | {
"text": [
"temporarily moving bad or weak assets"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27041 | 570980f2200fba14003680c5 | Orthodox_Judaism | Externally, Orthodox Jews can be identified by their manner of dress and family lifestyle. Orthodox women dress modestly by keeping most of their skin covered. Additionally, married women cover their hair, most commonly in the form of a scarf, also in the form of hats, bandanas, berets, snoods or, sometimes, wigs. Orth... | What type of orthox men often grow beards and always wear black? | What type of orthox men often grow beards and always wear black? | [
"What type of orthox men often grow beards and always wear black?"
] | {
"text": [
"Haredi"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92533 | 5731138fe6313a140071cbf8 | United_States_Air_Force | The Air Force also provides Commissioned Officer Training (COT) for officers of all three components who are direct-commissioned to non-line positions due to their credentials in medicine, law, religion, biological sciences, or healthcare administration. Originally viewed as a "knife and fork school" that covered littl... | What does the Air Force provide for officers of direct to non-line positions? | What does the Air Force provide for officers of direct to non-line positions? | [
"What does the Air Force provide for officers of direct to non-line positions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Commissioned Officer Training"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21963 | 5acd738407355d001abf42fd | Aircraft_carrier | In December 2009, then Indian Navy chief Admiral Nirmal Kumar Verma said at his maiden navy week press conference that concepts currently being examined by the Directorate of Naval Design for the second indigenous aircraft carrier (IAC-2), are for a conventionally powered carrier displacing over 50,000 tons and equippe... | Who didn't develop EMALS? | Who didn't develop EMALS? | [
"Who didn't develop EMALS?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7052 | 5ad4e89a5b96ef001a10a601 | Red | Surveys show that red is the color most associated with courage. In western countries red is a symbol of martyrs and sacrifice, particularly because of its association with blood. Beginning in the Middle Ages, the Pope and Cardinals of the Roman Catholic Church wore red to symbolize the blood of Christ and the Christia... | Who was Saint George according to Catholic tradition? | Who was Saint George according to Catholic tradition? | [
"Who was Saint George according to Catholic tradition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11755 | 56fae3e08f12f31900630252 | Somalis | In addition to Somali, Arabic, which is also an Afro-Asiatic tongue, is an official national language in both Somalia and Djibouti. Many Somalis speak it due to centuries-old ties with the Arab world, the far-reaching influence of the Arabic media, and religious education. Somalia and Djibouti are also both members of ... | To what language family does Arabic belong? | To what language family does Arabic belong? | [
"To what language family does Arabic belong?"
] | {
"text": [
"Afro-Asiatic"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13602 | 5a356ecd788daf001a5f85ee | Glacier | A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, cr... | What is a semi-permanent body of ice that moves under its own weight? | What is a semi-permanent body of ice that moves under its own weight? | [
"What is a semi-permanent body of ice that moves under its own weight?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22591 | 5a1234f16614be00188f24a4 | Exhibition_game | Since the introduction of league football, most club sides play a number of friendlies before the start of each season (called pre-season friendlies). Friendly football matches are considered to be non-competitive and are only used to "warm up" players for a new season/competitive match. There is generally nothing comp... | What type of football matches are considered to be competitive? | What type of football matches are considered to be competitive? | [
"What type of football matches are considered to be competitive?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56397 | 5727951d708984140094e186 | Nonprofit_organization | Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine... | Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike? | Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike? | [
"Which NPO is on the fore front of help when national disasters strike?"
] | {
"text": [
"Red Cross and Red Crescent"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80871 | 5723d4e2f6b826140030fca8 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria wrote to her uncle Leopold, whom Victoria considered her "best and kindest adviser", to thank him "for the prospect of great happiness you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert ... He possesses every quality that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind, and... | What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser? | What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser? | [
"What Uncle was Victoria's favorite adviser?"
] | {
"text": [
"Leopold"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109931 | 5ad3f096604f3c001a3ff849 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | In what city was Tony Chebatoris born? | In what city was Tony Chebatoris born? | [
" In what city was Tony Chebatoris born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39463 | 57273b78708984140094db23 | FA_Cup | It is very rare for top clubs to miss the competition, although it can happen in exceptional circumstances. Defending holders Manchester United did not enter the 1999–2000 FA Cup, as they were already in the inaugural Club World Championship, with the club stating that entering both tournaments would overload their fix... | Did the club later regret their choice? | Did the club later regret their choice? | [
"Did the club later regret their choice? "
] | {
"text": [
"Sir Alex Ferguson later admitted his regret regarding their handling of the situation."
],
"answer_start": [
825
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34203 | 57293e123f37b31900478187 | Alaska | The Alaska Bush, central Juneau, midtown and downtown Anchorage, and the areas surrounding the University of Alaska Fairbanks campus and Ester have been strongholds of the Democratic Party. The Matanuska-Susitna Borough, the majority of Fairbanks (including North Pole and the military base), and South Anchorage typical... | As of 2004, how many Alaskan residents refuse to select a political party? | As of 2004, how many Alaskan residents refuse to select a political party? | [
"As of 2004, how many Alaskan residents refuse to select a political party?"
] | {
"text": [
"well over half"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85470 | 572820842ca10214002d9e80 | European_Central_Bank | As of 18 June 2012, the ECB in total had spent €212.1bn (equal to 2.2% of the Eurozone GDP) for bond purchases covering outright debt, as part of its Securities Markets Programme (SMP) running since May 2010. On 6 September 2012, the ECB announced a new plan for buying bonds from eurozone countries. The duration of the... | How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last? | How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last? | [
"How long was the duration of the Securities Markets Programme to last?"
] | {
"text": [
"temporary"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5178 | 56e163afe3433e1400422e64 | Boston | While they have played in suburban Foxborough since 1971, the New England Patriots of the National Football League were founded in 1960 as the Boston Patriots, changing their name after relocating. The team won the Super Bowl after the 2001, 2003, 2004, and 2014 seasons. They share Gillette Stadium with the New England... | What was the original name of the new England patriots? | What was the original name of the new England patriots? | [
"What was the original name of the new England patriots?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boston Patriots"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38385 | 5a7d3f5b70df9f001a875048 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What types of sites were built for the animals? | What types of sites were built for the animals? | [
"What types of sites were built for the animals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80461 | 572febaaa23a5019007fcb40 | Bacteria | Bacteria were first observed by the Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in 1676, using a single-lens microscope of his own design. He then published his observations in a series of letters to the Royal Society of London. Bacteria were Leeuwenhoek's most remarkable microscopic discovery. They were just at the lim... | Who discovered bacteria? | Who discovered bacteria? | [
"Who discovered bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dutch microscopist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98597 | 5a5fa27aeae51e001ab14b6b | Marvel_Comics | In addition to Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four, Marvel began publishing further superhero titles featuring such heroes and antiheroes as the Hulk, Thor, Ant-Man, Iron Man, the X-Men, Daredevil, the Inhumans, Black Panther, Doctor Strange, Captain Marvel and the Silver Surfer, and such memorable antagonists as Doctor ... | What are the real-life cities New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago called? | What are the real-life cities New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago called? | [
"What are the real-life cities New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15505 | 5706e4d990286e26004fc727 | Black_people | This nationwide acceptance and recognition of Aboriginal people led to a significant increase in the number of people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander. The reappropriation of the term "black" with a positive and more inclusive meaning has resulted in its widespread use in mainstream Australian c... | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | What did the improvements in quality of life increase? | [
"What did the improvements in quality of life increase?"
] | {
"text": [
"people self-identifying as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65629 | 5728c4943acd2414000dfdec | Detroit | Despite the city's recent financial issues, many developers remain unfazed by Detroit's problems. Midtown is one of the most successful areas within Detroit to have a residential occupancy rate of 96%. Numerous developments have been recently completely or are in various stages of construction. These include the $82 mi... | What was the former name of the Doubletree? | What was the former name of the Doubletree? | [
"What was the former name of the Doubletree?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fort Shelby Hotel"
],
"answer_start": [
624
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77171 | 56df5e338bc80c19004e4b36 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | Contributions from governments and the private sector to UNFPA in 2014 exceeded $1 billion. The amount includes $477 million to the organization’s core resources and $529 million earmarked for specific programs and initiatives. | How much of its funding was earmarked? | How much of its funding was earmarked? | [
"How much of its funding was earmarked?"
] | {
"text": [
"$529 million"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65929 | 571a095c4faf5e1900b8a877 | Seattle | Seattle also has large lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender populations. According to a 2006 study by UCLA, 12.9% of city residents polled identified as gay, lesbian, or bisexual. This was the second-highest proportion of any major U.S. city, behind San Francisco Greater Seattle also ranked second among major U.S. m... | How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities? | How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities? | [
"How does the numbers in the gay community rank compared to other US cities?"
] | {
"text": [
"second-highest"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69640 | 57301b71a23a5019007fcd7b | Windows_8 | Windows 8 development started before Windows 7 had shipped in 2009. At the Consumer Electronics Show in January 2011, it was announced that the next version of Windows would add support for ARM system-on-chips alongside the existing x86 processors produced by vendors, especially AMD and Intel. Windows division presiden... | What is jupiter? | What is jupiter? | [
"What is jupiter?"
] | {
"text": [
"new application framework for Windows 8"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72985 | 56d21eb1e7d4791d0090266b | American_Idol | American Idol is an American singing competition series created by Simon Fuller and produced by 19 Entertainment, and is distributed by FremantleMedia North America. It began airing on Fox on June 11, 2002, as an addition to the Idols format based on the British series Pop Idol and has since become one of the most succ... | What television network does American Idol air on? | What television network does American Idol air on? | [
"What television network does American Idol air on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fox"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10581 | 56e0388a231d4119001abfdd | Comics | Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to de... | Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some? | Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some? | [
"Storyboards and what are thought to be comics by some?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wordless novels"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52014 | 5ad371aa604f3c001a3fe28d | Miami | Miami is noted as "the only major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle", a local citrus grower and a wealthy Cleveland native. The Miami area was better known as "Biscayne Bay Country" in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wildernes... | When did the Great Thaw occur? | When did the Great Thaw occur? | [
"When did the Great Thaw occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80249 | 5a62a164f8d794001af1c171 | Samoa | Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Sup... | What players made up the British rugby team in 2013? | What players made up the British rugby team in 2013? | [
"What players made up the British rugby team in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102600 | 5a79d04b17ab25001a8a00bd | Association_football | The world's oldest football competition is the FA Cup, which was founded by C. W. Alcock and has been contested by English teams since 1872. The first official international football match also took place in 1872, between Scotland and England in Glasgow, again at the instigation of C. W. Alcock. England is also home to... | How long has the FA Cup been uncontested? | How long has the FA Cup been uncontested? | [
"How long has the FA Cup been uncontested?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40199 | 5727d90c2ca10214002d97f8 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven lies at the intersection of Interstate 95 on the coast—which provides access southwards and/or westwards to the western coast of Connecticut and to New York City, and eastwards to the eastern Connecticut shoreline, Rhode Island, and eastern Massachusetts—and Interstate 91, which leads northward to the interio... | What major interstate provides access between New Haven and New York City? | What major interstate provides access between New Haven and New York City? | [
"What major interstate provides access between New Haven and New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Interstate 95"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103429 | 571df6a455697319006390d6 | Multiracial_American | Reacting to media criticism of Michelle Obama during the 2008 presidential election, Charles Kenzie Steele, Jr., CEO of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference said, "Why are they attacking Michelle Obama, and not really attacking, to that degree, her husband? Because he has no slave blood in him." He later claime... | What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was? | What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was? | [
"What did President Sarkozy think Secretary of State Rice was?"
] | {
"text": [
"recent American immigrant"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28079 | 57318dc8a5e9cc1400cdc063 | Steven_Spielberg | Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called Duel. The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Speci... | Which British critic praised 'Duel'? | Which British critic praised 'Duel'? | [
"Which British critic praised 'Duel'?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dilys Powell"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1073 | 5a848eae7cf838001a46a932 | Endangered_Species_Act | Growing scientific recognition of the role of private lands for endangered species recovery and the landmark 1981 court decision in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources both contributed to making Habitat Conservation Plans/ Incidental Take Permits "a major force for wildlife conservation and a majo... | What did Thornton say the role of private lands was like for the development community? | What did Thornton say the role of private lands was like for the development community? | [
"What did Thornton say the role of private lands was like for the development community?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114486 | 5ad2438fd7d075001a428a01 | Emotion | A distinction can be made between emotional episodes and emotional dispositions. Emotional dispositions are also comparable to character traits, where someone may be said to be generally disposed to experience certain emotions. For example, an irritable person is generally disposed to feel irritation more easily or qui... | What other traits are emotional dispositions not similar to? | What other traits are emotional dispositions not similar to? | [
" What other traits are emotional dispositions not similar to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23826 | 57283e934b864d19001647e3 | Federalism | Where every component state of a federation possesses the same powers, we are said to find 'symmetric federalism'. Asymmetric federalism exists where states are granted different powers, or some possess greater autonomy than others do. This is often done in recognition of the existence of a distinct culture in a partic... | Is Spain apart of federalism? | Is Spain apart of federalism? | [
"Is Spain apart of federalism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spain is not a federalism, but a decentralized administrative organization of the state."
],
"answer_start": [
967
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66453 | 57288f642ca10214002da470 | Brigham_Young_University | Over three quarters of the student body has some proficiency in a second language (numbering 107 languages in total). This is partially due to the fact that 45 percent of the student body at BYU has been missionaries for LDS Church, and many of them learned a foreign language as part of their mission assignment. During... | How many languages are offered as courses at BYU? | How many languages are offered as courses at BYU? | [
"How many languages are offered as courses at BYU?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 60"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68381 | 5a369ef295360f001af1b2d0 | George_VI | As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the heir presumptive to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward VIII abdicated in order to marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British Prime Minist... | On what date was Edward made the king of England? | On what date was Edward made the king of England? | [
"On what date was Edward made the king of England?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71036 | 5acf4ce277cf76001a684b5a | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas School of Architecture, Design, and Planning (SADP), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912. The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920. In 1969, th... | What KU school is abbreviated as SDAP? | What KU school is abbreviated as SDAP? | [
"What KU school is abbreviated as SDAP?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13013 | 5ad00faf77cf76001a68684a | Republic_of_the_Congo | Congo-Brazzaville has had a multi-party political system since the early 1990s, although the system is heavily dominated by President Denis Sassou Nguesso; he has lacked serious competition in the presidential elections held under his rule. Sassou Nguesso is backed by his own Congolese Labour Party (French: Parti Congo... | What is not dominated by Sassou? | What is not dominated by Sassou? | [
"What is not dominated by Sassou?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4966 | 56e12622e3433e1400422c76 | Boston | In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from "the Town of Boston" to "the City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.... | How many square miles was the city in 1822? | How many square miles was the city in 1822? | [
"How many square miles was the city in 1822?"
] | {
"text": [
"4.7 square miles"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36441 | 5ace9a6332bba1001ae4ac6a | Printed_circuit_board | Originally, every electronic component had wire leads, and the PCB had holes drilled for each wire of each component. The components' leads were then passed through the holes and soldered to the PCB trace. This method of assembly is called through-hole construction. In 1949, Moe Abramson and Stanislaus F. Danko of the ... | Who developed the Auto-State process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil? | Who developed the Auto-State process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil? | [
"Who developed the Auto-State process in which component leads were inserted into a copper foil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98104 | 56e19c6ee3433e1400423022 | Hydrogen | There are more than 200 thermochemical cycles which can be used for water splitting, around a dozen of these cycles such as the iron oxide cycle, cerium(IV) oxide–cerium(III) oxide cycle, zinc zinc-oxide cycle, sulfur-iodine cycle, copper-chlorine cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle are under research and in testing phase to... | What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from? | What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from? | [
"What are labs trying to produce hydrogen from?"
] | {
"text": [
"solar energy and water"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37648 | 572873c3ff5b5019007da240 | London | London is one of the leading tourist destinations in the world and in 2015 was ranked as the most visited city in the world with over 65 million visits. It is also the top city in the world by visitor cross-border spending, estimated at US$20.23 billion in 2015 Tourism is one of London's prime industries, employing the... | What percentage of visitor money is estimated to be spent in London? | What percentage of visitor money is estimated to be spent in London? | [
"What percentage of visitor money is estimated to be spent in London?"
] | {
"text": [
"54%"
],
"answer_start": [
396
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23911 | 5acfbf1677cf76001a685c2f | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | Why does England have its own Parliament? | Why does England have its own Parliament? | [
"Why does England have its own Parliament?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14759 | 57333dc4d058e614000b57af | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Wieman's words proved prophetic. Though Process and Reality has been called "arguably the most impressive single metaphysical text of the twentieth century," it has been little-read and little-understood, partly because it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – "that its readers accept the adventure of the questions ... | What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is not commonly read and understood? | What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that "Process and Reality" is not commonly read and understood? | [
"What did Isabelle Stengers say is the reason that \"Process and Reality\" is not commonly read and understood?"
] | {
"text": [
"it demands – as Isabelle Stengers puts it – \"that its readers accept the adventure of the questions that will separate them from every consensus.\""
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19182 | 5733f7b3d058e614000b66a2 | Premier_League | Managers in the Premier League are involved in the day-to-day running of the team, including the training, team selection, and player acquisition. Their influence varies from club-to-club and is related to the ownership of the club and the relationship of the manager with fans. Managers are required to have a UEFA Pro ... | Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth? | Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth? | [
"Which caretaker manager was later promoted to permanent manager at Portsmouth?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paul Hart"
],
"answer_start": [
911
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64044 | 5ace853932bba1001ae4a954 | Annelid | Most annelids have a pair of coelomata (body cavities) in each segment, separated from other segments by septa and from each other by vertical mesenteries. Each septum forms a sandwich with connective tissue in the middle and mesothelium (membrane that serves as a lining) from the preceding and following segments on ei... | What are annelids' body cavities combined with other segments by? | What are annelids' body cavities combined with other segments by? | [
"What are annelids' body cavities combined with other segments by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112346 | 5729355b1d04691400779171 | Race_(human_categorization) | "Race" is still sometimes used within forensic anthropology (when analyzing skeletal remains), biomedical research, and race-based medicine. Brace has criticized this, the practice of forensic anthropologists for using the controversial concept "race" out of convention when they in fact should be talking about regional... | Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed? | Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed? | [
"Why is it bad that a category is merely socially constructed?"
] | {
"text": [
"is not itself scientifically valid"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25326 | 56d1218c17492d1400aaba1f | New_York_City | New York is the most important source of political fundraising in the United States, as four of the top five ZIP codes in the nation for political contributions are in Manhattan. The top ZIP code, 10021 on the Upper East Side, generated the most money for the 2004 presidential campaigns of George W. Bush and John Kerry... | How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes? | How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes? | [
"How much money in cents does New York City receive for every dollar paid in federal taxes?"
] | {
"text": [
"83"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27164 | 5a57ba54770dc0001aeefd07 | Orthodox_Judaism | Modern Orthodoxy, as a stream of Orthodox Judaism represented by institutions such as the U.S. National Council for Young Israel, is pro-Zionist and thus places a high national, as well as religious, significance on the State of Israel, and its affiliates are, typically, Zionist in orientation. It also practices involv... | What is not considered to be a core belief of Zionists? | What is not considered to be a core belief of Zionists? | [
"What is not considered to be a core belief of Zionists?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74643 | 570dfd4c0b85d914000d7c76 | Melbourne | With the gold rush largely over by 1860, Melbourne continued to grow on the back of continuing gold mining, as the major port for exporting the agricultural products of Victoria, especially wool, and a developing manufacturing sector protected by high tariffs. An extensive radial railway network centred on Melbourne an... | Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline? | Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline? | [
"Which disease in particular caused the Aboriginal population to continue a decline?"
] | {
"text": [
"smallpox"
],
"answer_start": [
947
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103761 | 5a3c02eacc5d22001a521d23 | East_Prussia | After the expulsion of the German population ethnic Russians, Belarusians, and Ukrainians were settled in the northern part. In the Soviet part of the region, a policy of eliminating all remnants of German history was pursued. All German place names were replaced by new Russian names. The exclave was a military zone, w... | In what year did Leonid Brezhnev come to power? | In what year did Leonid Brezhnev come to power? | [
"In what year did Leonid Brezhnev come to power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89260 | 5730d9efb54a4f140068ccac | Great_power | A great power is a sovereign state that is recognized as having the ability and expertise to exert its influence on a global scale. Great powers characteristically possess military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence, which may cause middle or small powers to consider the great powers'... | What do great powers usually have? | What do great powers usually have? | [
"What do great powers usually have?"
] | {
"text": [
"military and economic strength, as well as diplomatic and soft power influence"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55202 | 5a396ad82f14dd001ac7230b | Everton_F.C. | Everton have had many other nicknames over the years. When the black kit was worn Everton were nicknamed "The Black Watch", after the famous army regiment. Since going blue in 1901, Everton have been given the simple nickname "The Blues". Everton's attractive style of play led to Steve Bloomer calling the team "scienti... | Who came up with the nickname "The Blues"? | Who came up with the nickname "The Blues"? | [
"Who came up with the nickname \"The Blues\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98403 | 56f8bec89b226e1400dd0f15 | Alps | During the Napoleonic Wars in the late 18th century and early 19th century, Napoleon annexed territory formerly controlled by the Habsburgs and Savoys. In 1798 he established the Helvetic Republic in Switzerland; two years later he led an army across the St. Bernard pass and conquered almost all of the Alpine regions. | When was the Helvetic Republic established? | When was the Helvetic Republic established? | [
"When was the Helvetic Republic established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1798"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72642 | 5ad35a39604f3c001a3fde56 | Dell | In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary ... | IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the minor providers of what? | IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the minor providers of what? | [
"IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the minor providers of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98670 | 57268a73708984140094c963 | Marvel_Comics | In 1996, Marvel had some of its titles participate in "Heroes Reborn", a crossover that allowed Marvel to relaunch some of its flagship characters such as the Avengers and the Fantastic Four, and outsource them to the studios of two of the former Marvel artists turned Image Comics founders, Jim Lee and Rob Liefeld. The... | How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics? | How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics? | [
"How was the setting for the Image versions of Marvel characters different from the official comics?"
] | {
"text": [
"a parallel universe with a history distinct from the mainstream"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28010 | 57318afba5e9cc1400cdc023 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998). Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws (1975), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of al... | Who composes music for most of Spielberg's movies? | Who composes music for most of Spielberg's movies? | [
"Who composes music for most of Spielberg's movies?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Williams"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11683 | 56fad729f34c681400b0c154 | Somalis | The history of Islam in Somalia is as old as the religion itself. The early persecuted Muslims fled to various places in the region, including the city of Zeila in modern-day northern Somalia, so as to seek protection from the Quraysh. Somalis were among the first populations on the continent to embrace Islam. With ver... | From whom were the early Muslims fleeing? | From whom were the early Muslims fleeing? | [
"From whom were the early Muslims fleeing?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Quraysh"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75230 | 5ad12607645df0001a2d0f68 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The 1923 general election was fought on the Conservatives' protectionist proposals but, although they got the most votes and remained the largest party, they lost their majority in parliament, necessitating the formation of a government supporting free trade. Thus, with the acquiescence of Asquith's Liberals, Ramsay Ma... | Who was the last Labour Prime Minister? | Who was the last Labour Prime Minister? | [
"Who was the last Labour Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43583 | 5726d55edd62a815002e91b0 | Korean_War | After secretly crossing the Yalu River on 19 October, the PVA 13th Army Group launched the First Phase Offensive on 25 October, attacking the advancing UN forces near the Sino-Korean border. This military decision made solely by China changed the attitude of the Soviet Union. Twelve days after Chinese troops entered th... | What is unusual about the PVA's successful, surprise attack? | What is unusual about the PVA's successful, surprise attack? | [
"What is unusual about the PVA's successful, surprise attack?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese unexpectedly disappeared into mountain hideouts"
],
"answer_start": [
910
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100002 | 572b4f0b111d821400f38e50 | Guam | The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. ... | Who were loyal to Japan? | Who were loyal to Japan? | [
"Who were loyal to Japan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northern Mariana Chamorros"
],
"answer_start": [
586
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28991 | 5ad3765b604f3c001a3fe340 | Pharmaceutical_industry | A 2009 Cochrane review concluded that thiazide antihypertensive drugs reduce the risk of death (RR 0.89), stroke (RR 0.63), coronary heart disease (RR 0.84), and cardiovascular events (RR 0.70) in people with high blood pressure. In the ensuring years other classes of antihypertensive drug were developed and found wide... | What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with ACE? | What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with ACE? | [
"What drugs reduce the risk of death and other events in people with ACE?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39289 | 57324e68b9d445190005ea14 | Protestantism | Although the Reformation was a religious movement, it also had a strong impact on all other aspects of life: marriage and family, education, the humanities and sciences, the political and social order, the economy, and the arts. Protestant churches reject the idea of a celibate priesthood and thus allow their clergy to... | What types of churches have women had leading positions? | What types of churches have women had leading positions? | [
"What types of churches have women had leading positions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protestant"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71070 | 56e78f1137bdd419002c413a | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas School of Law was the top law school in the state of Kansas, and 68th nationally, according to the 2014 U.S. News & World Report "Best Graduate Schools" edition. Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green. | What was KU's national law school ranking in 2014? | What was KU's national law school ranking in 2014? | [
"What was KU's national law school ranking in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"68th"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60862 | 570b27286b8089140040f79d | Gregorian_calendar | The year used in dates during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire was the consular year, which began on the day when consuls first entered office—probably 1 May before 222 BC, 15 March from 222 BC and 1 January from 153 BC. The Julian calendar, which began in 45 BC, continued to use 1 January as the first day of th... | What was the date of the start of the consular year from 222 BC? | What was the date of the start of the consular year from 222 BC? | [
"What was the date of the start of the consular year from 222 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"15 March"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92268 | 5728cd713acd2414000dfee3 | Asthma | Many other conditions can cause symptoms similar to those of asthma. In children, other upper airway diseases such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis should be considered as well as other causes of airway obstruction including: foreign body aspiration, tracheal stenosis or laryngotracheomalacia, vascular rings, enlarge... | What is a condition that can cause symptoms of astham in children? | What is a condition that can cause symptoms of astham in children? | [
"What is a condition that can cause symptoms of astham in children?"
] | {
"text": [
"allergic rhinitis and sinusitis"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11888 | 5ad128e7645df0001a2d0ff1 | Universal_Studios | It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company. | Who does the Pathe Film Company belong to? | Who does the Pathe Film Company belong to? | [
"Who does the Pathe Film Company belong to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25101 | 56d108f917492d1400aab7b5 | New_York_City | Numerous major American cultural movements began in the city, such as the Harlem Renaissance, which established the African-American literary canon in the United States. The city was a center of jazz in the 1940s, abstract expressionism in the 1950s, and the birthplace of hip hop in the 1970s. The city's punk and hardc... | What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s? | What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s? | [
"What musical style was prominent in New York in the 1940s?"
] | {
"text": [
"jazz"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79924 | 5706457d75f01819005e7aee | MP3 | A more sophisticated MP3 encoder can produce variable bitrate audio. MPEG audio may use bitrate switching on a per-frame basis, but only layer III decoders must support it. VBR is used when the goal is to achieve a fixed level of quality. The final file size of a VBR encoding is less predictable than with constant bitr... | An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use? | An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use? | [
"An average bit rate is used when who choses an average value for the encoder to use?"
] | {
"text": [
"the user"
],
"answer_start": [
513
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78835 | 56d1162317492d1400aab8ec | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The story focuses on series protagonist Link, who tries to prevent Hyrule from being engulfed by a corrupted parallel dimension known as the Twilight Realm. To do so, he takes the form of both a Hylian and a wolf, and is assisted by a mysterious creature named Midna. The game takes place hundreds of years after Ocarina... | Who is the protagonist is Legend of Zelda? | Who is the protagonist is Legend of Zelda? | [
"Who is the protagonist is Legend of Zelda?"
] | {
"text": [
"Link"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25677 | 5acfeae177cf76001a686494 | Namibia | Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In ... | How many orphans are there in Namibia? | How many orphans are there in Namibia? | [
"How many orphans are there in Namibia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83535 | 5ad26647d7d075001a4291e5 | Dominican_Order | The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways.... | What did not constantly come into contact? | What did not constantly come into contact? | [
"What did not constantly come into contact?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80255 | 572f876aa23a5019007fc6f1 | Bacteria | Bacteria (i/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. ... | When is the typical lenght for bacteria? | When is the typical lenght for bacteria? | [
"When is the typical lenght for bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [
"few micrometres"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32843 | 572812164b864d19001643ab | Central_African_Republic | Patassé purged many of the Kolingba elements from the government and Kolingba supporters accused Patassé's government of conducting a "witch hunt" against the Yakoma. A new constitution was approved on 28 December 1994 but had little impact on the country's politics. In 1996–1997, reflecting steadily decreasing public ... | Where did the peace corps evacuate to? | Where did the peace corps evacuate to? | [
"Where did the peace corps evacuate to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cameroon"
],
"answer_start": [
588
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34928 | 5a21dc2f8a6e4f001aa08fb0 | Political_philosophy | A pair of overlapping political perspectives arising toward the end of the 20th century are republicanism (or neo- or civic-republicanism) and the capability approach. The resurgent republican movement aims to provide an alternate definition of liberty from Isaiah Berlin's positive and negative forms of liberty, namely... | What is the approach of republicanism as developed by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen? | What is the approach of republicanism as developed by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen? | [
"What is the approach of republicanism as developed by Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya Sen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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