gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-77057 | 57268f9cf1498d1400e8e3d6 | Dutch_language | Like in English, Dutch has generalised the dative over the accusative case for all pronouns, e.g. Du me, je, Eng me, you, vs. Germ mich/mir dich/dir. There is one exception: the standard language prescribes that in the third person plural, hen is to be used for the direct object, and hun for the indirect object. This d... | When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use? | When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use? | [
"When speakers get confused about whether to use hen or hun, what interchangeable unstressed form would they probably use?"
] | {
"text": [
"ze"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107875 | 571aa6ba10f8ca1400305276 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Diwan of Umar, assigning annuities to all Arabs and to the Muslim soldiers of other races, underwent a change in the hands of the Umayyads. The Umayyads meddled with the register and the recipients regarded pensions as the subsistence allowance even without being in active service. Hisham reformed it and paid only ... | Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II? | Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II? | [
"Along with artillery and infantry, what was the third division of Umayyad troops under Marwan II?"
] | {
"text": [
"cavalry"
],
"answer_start": [
764
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113315 | 5a8774dd1d3cee001a6a11cd | Vacuum | In his Physics, book IV, Aristotle offered numerous arguments against the void: for example, that motion through a medium which offered no impediment could continue ad infinitum, there being no reason that something would come to rest anywhere in particular. Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the ... | What did Lucretuis try to unsuccessfully create in the 14th century? | What did Lucretuis try to unsuccessfully create in the 14th century? | [
"What did Lucretuis try to unsuccessfully create in the 14th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108320 | 5acd233607355d001abf366c | Aspirated_consonant | Although most aspirated obstruents in the world's language are stops and affricates, aspirated fricatives such as [sʰ], [fʰ] or [ɕʰ] have been documented in Korean, in a few Tibeto-Burman languages, in some Oto-Manguean languages, and in the Siouan language Ofo. Some languages, such as Choni Tibetan, have up to four co... | Most unaspirated obstruents are what? | Most unaspirated obstruents are what? | [
"Most unaspirated obstruents are what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78868 | 5a8d8513df8bba001a0f9ad3 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view... | What genre of games is Clawshot Princess? | What genre of games is Clawshot Princess? | [
"What genre of games is Clawshot Princess?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68956 | 572f5c00947a6a140053c8be | Modern_history | The causes of World War I included many factors, including the conflicts and antagonisms of the four decades leading up to the war. The Triple Entente was the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907. The alignment of the thr... | What is The Triple Entente? | What is The Triple Entente? | [
"What is The Triple Entente?"
] | {
"text": [
"the name given to the loose alignment between the United Kingdom, France, and Russia after the signing of the Anglo-Russian Entente in 1907."
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52182 | 572a7a17be1ee31400cb802b | Miami | Miami International Airport and PortMiami are among the nation's busiest ports of entry, especially for cargo from South America and the Caribbean. The Port of Miami is the world's busiest cruise port, and MIA is the busiest airport in Florida, and the largest gateway between the United States and Latin America. Additi... | In what year did Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas? | In what year did Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas? | [
"In what year did Miami play host to the negotiations concerning the Free Trade Area of the Americas?"
] | {
"text": [
"2003"
],
"answer_start": [
713
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68197 | 57304a9c8ab72b1400f9c3ea | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The City of Charleston is served by the Charleston International Airport. It is located in the City of North Charleston and is about 12 miles (20 km) northwest of downtown Charleston. It is the busiest passenger airport in South Carolina (IATA: CHS, ICAO: KCHS). The airport shares runways with the adjacent Charleston A... | What airport provides service to the City to Charleston? | What airport provides service to the City to Charleston? | [
"What airport provides service to the City to Charleston?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charleston International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92396 | 5730db0aaca1c71400fe5b16 | United_States_Air_Force | This is the passive, active, and dynamic employment of capabilities to respond to imminent or on-going actions against Air Force or Air Force-protected networks, the Air Force's portion of the Global Information Grid, or expeditionary communications assigned to the Air Force. Cyberspace defense incorporates CNE, comput... | What is the definition of CND? | What is the definition of CND? | [
"What is the definition of CND?"
] | {
"text": [
"computer network defense"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17493 | 56cdb36c62d2951400fa6820 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Spectre was released on 26 October 2015 in the United Kingdom on the same night as the world premiere at the Royal Albert Hall in London, followed by a worldwide release. It was released in the United States on 6 November 2015. It became the second James Bond film to be screened in IMAX venues after Skyfall, although i... | For what category did Spectre receive a Golden Globe award? | For what category did Spectre receive a Golden Globe award? | [
"For what category did Spectre receive a Golden Globe award?"
] | {
"text": [
"Best Original Song"
],
"answer_start": [
710
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107667 | 5acfa37777cf76001a6856a2 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Following the death of Husayn, Ibn al-Zubayr, although remaining in Mecca, was associated with two opposition movements, one centered in Medina and the other around Kharijites in Basra and Arabia. Because Medina had been home to Muhammad and his family, including Husayn, word of his death and the imprisonment of his fa... | Who dispatched an army to help the opposition movements? | Who dispatched an army to help the opposition movements? | [
"Who dispatched an army to help the opposition movements?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7867 | 5acfcaec77cf76001a686016 | Copyright_infringement | Copyright holders frequently refer to copyright infringement as theft. In copyright law, infringement does not refer to theft of physical objects that take away the owner's possession, but an instance where a person exercises one of the exclusive rights of the copyright holder without authorization. Courts have disting... | When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights with what? | When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights with what? | [
"When you are accused theft as it relates to copyright law, you are exercising exclusive rights with what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91849 | 57267a28f1498d1400e8e107 | Cotton | Though known since antiquity the commercial growing of cotton in Egypt only started in 1820's, following a Frenchman, by the name of M. Jumel, propositioning the then ruler, Mohamed Ali Pasha, that he could earn a substantial income by growing an extra-long staple Maho (Barbadence) cotton, in Lower Egypt, for the Frenc... | How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War? | How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War? | [
"How high had cotton revenues risen by the time of the American Civil War?"
] | {
"text": [
"$56 million"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37350 | 5727afec3acd2414000de9b9 | Switzerland | Switzerland has one of the best environmental records among nations in the developed world; it was one of the countries to sign the Kyoto Protocol in 1998 and ratified it in 2003. With Mexico and the Republic of Korea it forms the Environmental Integrity Group (EIG). The country is heavily active in recycling and anti-... | What was formed by Switzerland, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea? | What was formed by Switzerland, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea? | [
"What was formed by Switzerland, Mexico, and the Republic of Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Environmental Integrity Group (EIG)"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97637 | 56cff2e0234ae51400d9c14b | Frédéric_Chopin | J. Barrie Jones suggests that "amongst the works that Chopin intended for concert use, the four ballades and four scherzos stand supreme", and adds that "the Barcarolle Op. 60 stands apart as an example of Chopin's rich harmonic palette coupled with an Italianate warmth of melody." Temperley opines that these works, wh... | What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette? | What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette? | [
"What piece does J. Barrie Jones pinpoint as a great example of Chopin's palette?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Barcarolle Op. 60"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29024 | 571adbce32177014007e9f4d | Pharmaceutical_industry | In the U.S., a push for revisions of the FD&C Act emerged from Congressional hearings led by Senator Estes Kefauver of Tennessee in 1959. The hearings covered a wide range of policy issues, including advertising abuses, questionable efficacy of drugs, and the need for greater regulation of the industry. While momentum ... | What act needed provisions? | What act needed provisions? | [
"What act needed provisions?"
] | {
"text": [
"FD&C"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104191 | 5ad20d35d7d075001a428272 | Mandolin | The transition from the mandolino to the mandolin began around 1744 with the designing of the metal-string mandolin by the Vinaccia family, 3 brass strings and one of gut, using friction tuning pegs on a fingerboard that sat "flush" with the sound table. The mandolin grew in popularity over the next 60 years, in the st... | What year was the end of the transition from mandolino to mandolin? | What year was the end of the transition from mandolino to mandolin? | [
"What year was the end of the transition from mandolino to mandolin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86965 | 5a8cbdcbfd22b3001a8d8dd2 | Biodiversity | From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: "It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human popu... | What was the increase in population from 1957 to 2011? | What was the increase in population from 1957 to 2011? | [
"What was the increase in population from 1957 to 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79850 | 5706324275f01819005e7a6e | MP3 | During encoding, 576 time-domain samples are taken and are transformed to 576 frequency-domain samples.[clarification needed] If there is a transient, 192 samples are taken instead of 576. This is done to limit the temporal spread of quantization noise accompanying the transient. (See psychoacoustics.) | What accompanies a transient? | What accompanies a transient? | [
"What accompanies a transient?"
] | {
"text": [
"quantization noise"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97687 | 56cff885234ae51400d9c1b4 | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's music is frequently played with rubato, "the practice in performance of disregarding strict time, 'robbing' some note-values for expressive effect". There are differing opinions as to how much, and what type, of rubato is appropriate for his works. Charles Rosen comments that "most of the written-out indicatio... | What does rubato mean? | What does rubato mean? | [
"What does rubato mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"the practice in performance of disregarding strict time"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66397 | 5ace9afb32bba1001ae4ac9c | Brigham_Young_University | Dallin H. Oaks replaced Wilkinson as president in 1971. Oaks continued the expansion of his predecessor, adding a law school and proposing plans for a new School of Management. During his administration, a new library was also added, doubling the library space on campus. Jeffrey R. Holland followed as president in 1980... | Who replaced Holland in 1995? | Who replaced Holland in 1995? | [
"Who replaced Holland in 1995?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30225 | 5726b246708984140094ce1c | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Raleigh is an expansive, diverse, and fast-growing suburban area of the city that is home to established neighborhoods to the south along with many newly built subdivisions and along its northern fringes. The area generally falls North of Millbrook Road. It is primarily suburban with large shopping areas. Primary... | What type of area is North Raleigh? | What type of area is North Raleigh? | [
"What type of area is North Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"expansive, diverse, and fast-growing"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29517 | 5a56a0936349e2001acdceaf | Swaziland | The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such ... | What ceremony involves the whole village? | What ceremony involves the whole village? | [
"What ceremony involves the whole village?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80522 | 57267b155951b619008f741a | Data_compression | In lossy audio compression, methods of psychoacoustics are used to remove non-audible (or less audible) components of the audio signal. Compression of human speech is often performed with even more specialized techniques; speech coding, or voice coding, is sometimes distinguished as a separate discipline from audio com... | What compression is usually performed with even more specialized techniques? | What compression is usually performed with even more specialized techniques? | [
"What compression is usually performed with even more specialized techniques?"
] | {
"text": [
"human speech"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46290 | 57325817b9d445190005ea67 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Authors including William Whalen, Shawn Francis Peters and former Witnesses Barbara Grizzuti Harrison, Alan Rogerson and William Schnell have claimed the arrests and mob violence in the United States in the 1930s and 1940s were the consequence of what appeared to be a deliberate course of provocation of authorities and... | Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s? | Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s? | [
"Who were Jehovah's Witnesses accused of intentionally provoking in the 1930s and 1940s?"
] | {
"text": [
"authorities and other religions"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107458 | 5a62458bf8d794001af1bf0e | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Shell's primary business is the management of a vertically integrated oil company. The development of technical and commercial expertise in all stages of this vertical integration, from the initial search for oil (exploration) through its harvesting (production), transportation, refining and finally trading and marketi... | What types of expertise have been removed from the business? | What types of expertise have been removed from the business? | [
"What types of expertise have been removed from the business?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80414 | 572fd628a23a5019007fca6d | Bacteria | Bacterial species differ in the number and arrangement of flagella on their surface; some have a single flagellum (monotrichous), a flagellum at each end (amphitrichous), clusters of flagella at the poles of the cell (lophotrichous), while others have flagella distributed over the entire surface of the cell (peritricho... | How does flagellum function within the cell? | How does flagellum function within the cell? | [
"How does flagellum function within the cell?"
] | {
"text": [
"uses the electrochemical gradient across the membrane"
],
"answer_start": [
605
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11345 | 5727772ff1498d1400e8f8dc | North_Carolina | With the defeat of the Confederacy in 1865, the Reconstruction Era began. The United States abolished slavery without compensation to slaveholders or reparations to freedmen. A Republican Party coalition of black freedmen, northern carpetbaggers and local scalawags controlled state government for three years. The white... | What year was the confederacy defeated? | What year was the confederacy defeated? | [
"What year was the confederacy defeated?"
] | {
"text": [
"1865"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42615 | 57100ff0a58dae1900cd684b | Sexual_orientation | In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), by Alfred C. Kinsey et al., people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual. Kinsey reported that when the individuals' behavior as well as t... | In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual? | In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual? | [
"In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual?"
] | {
"text": [
"(5–10%"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59700 | 5ad16c79645df0001a2d1aa8 | Electric_motor | All the electromagnetic motors, and that includes the types mentioned here derive the torque from the vector product of the interacting fields. For calculating the torque it is necessary to know the fields in the air gap . Once these have been established by mathematical analysis using FEA or other tools the torque may... | What needs to be unknown to calculate torque? | What needs to be unknown to calculate torque? | [
" What needs to be unknown to calculate torque?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22634 | 5727bf6aff5b5019007d942a | Exhibition_game | The Flying Fathers, a Canadian group of Catholic priests, regularly toured North America playing exhibition hockey games for charity. One of the organization's founders, Les Costello, was a onetime NHL player who was ordained as a priest after retiring from professional hockey. Another prominent exhibition hockey team ... | Who founded the Flying Fathers? | Who founded the Flying Fathers? | [
"Who founded the Flying Fathers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Les Costello"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48558 | 5728464e3acd2414000df855 | War_on_Terror | The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic milita... | When did France provide troops in Mali? | When did France provide troops in Mali? | [
"When did France provide troops in Mali?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50080 | 56fc3e072603e7140040a03e | Phonology | In a course at the LSA summer institute in 1991, Alan Prince and Paul Smolensky developed optimality theory—an overall architecture for phonology according to which languages choose a pronunciation of a word that best satisfies a list of constraints ordered by importance; a lower-ranked constraint can be violated when ... | Where was optimality theory created? | Where was optimality theory created? | [
"Where was optimality theory created?"
] | {
"text": [
"LSA summer institute"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62377 | 5a6a69a5a9e0c9001a4e9df5 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 197... | When was Kerr installed as caretaker Prime Minister? | When was Kerr installed as caretaker Prime Minister? | [
"When was Kerr installed as caretaker Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55302 | 5a3172cce4dcb1001abb230f | Baptists | Both Roger Williams and John Clarke, his compatriot and coworker for religious freedom, are variously credited as founding the earliest Baptist church in North America. In 1639, Williams established a Baptist church in Providence, Rhode Island, and Clarke began a Baptist church in Newport, Rhode Island. According to a ... | When was the last American Anabaptist church established? | When was the last American Anabaptist church established? | [
"When was the last American Anabaptist church established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26025 | 5726a0ccdd62a815002e8b6a | Edmund_Burke | Richard Hurd believed that Burke's imitation was near-perfect and that this defeated his purpose: an ironist "should take care by a constant exaggeration to make the ridicule shine through the Imitation. Whereas this Vindication is everywhere enforc'd, not only in the language, and on the principles of L. Bol., but wit... | Whose principles did Burke imitate? | Whose principles did Burke imitate? | [
"Whose principles did Burke imitate?"
] | {
"text": [
"L. Bol."
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83686 | 57265fb55951b619008f70f0 | Florida | By the early 1800s, Indian removal was a significant issue throughout the southeastern U.S. and also in Florida. In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act and as settlement increased, pressure grew on the United States government to remove the Indians from Florida. Seminoles harbored runaway blacks, know... | What did congress pass in 1830 | What did congress pass in 1830 | [
"What did congress pass in 1830 "
] | {
"text": [
"In 1830, the U.S. Congress passed the Indian Removal Act"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7681 | 56ddee969a695914005b96d2 | Iranian_languages | The Iranian languages or Iranic languages form a branch of the Indo-Iranian languages, which in turn are a branch of the Indo-European language family. The speakers of Iranian languages are known as Iranian peoples. Historical Iranian languages are grouped in three stages: Old Iranian (until 400 BCE), Middle Iranian (4... | What is another term meaning Iranian languages? | What is another term meaning Iranian languages? | [
"What is another term meaning Iranian languages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iranic languages"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32711 | 5ad2c4c7d7d075001a42a179 | Antarctica | About 1150 species of fungi have been recorded from Antarctica, of which about 750 are non-lichen-forming and 400 are lichen-forming. Some of these species are cryptoendoliths as a result of evolution under extreme conditions, and have significantly contributed to shaping the impressive rock formations of the McMurdo D... | Where were 400 non-lichen-forming fungi found? | Where were 400 non-lichen-forming fungi found? | [
"Where were 400 non-lichen-forming fungi found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84054 | 5a7e341f70df9f001a875553 | Translation | Interpreters have sometimes played crucial roles in history. A prime example is La Malinche, also known as Malintzin, Malinalli and Doña Marina, an early-16th-century Nahua woman from the Mexican Gulf Coast. As a child she had been sold or given to Maya slave-traders from Xicalango, and thus had become bilingual. Subse... | Where were the slave-traders La Malinche stole? | Where were the slave-traders La Malinche stole? | [
"Where were the slave-traders La Malinche stole?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81751 | 5706c3fa2eaba6190074acf8 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | On April 29, 2011, the boundaries for the state-run tourism district were set. The district would include heavier police presence, as well as beautification and infrastructure improvements. The CRDA would oversee all functions of the district and will make changes to attract new businesses and attractions. New construc... | What year were the boundaries for the state-run tourism district finally set? | What year were the boundaries for the state-run tourism district finally set? | [
"What year were the boundaries for the state-run tourism district finally set?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96732 | 5a8ca959fd22b3001a8d8ce5 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | In his book The Crucifixion of Jesus, physician and forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe studied the likely circumstances of the death of Jesus in great detail. Zugibe carried out a number of experiments over several years to test his theories while he was a medical examiner. These studies included experiments in whic... | What did volunteers study to write the book about Jesus' crucifixion? | What did volunteers study to write the book about Jesus' crucifixion? | [
"What did volunteers study to write the book about Jesus' crucifixion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101987 | 5a514695ce860b001aa3fca6 | States_of_Germany | During the Allied occupation of Germany after World War II, internal borders were redrawn by the Allied military governments. No single state comprised more than 30% of either population or territory; this was intended to prevent any one state from being as dominant within Germany as Prussia had been in the past. Initi... | Who did the territory belong to that was west of the Oder-Neisse Line? | Who did the territory belong to that was west of the Oder-Neisse Line? | [
"Who did the territory belong to that was west of the Oder-Neisse Line?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108548 | 572bf76c750c471900ed4c42 | Tennessee | The first British settlement in what is now Tennessee was built in 1756 by settlers from the colony of South Carolina at Fort Loudoun, near present-day Vonore. Fort Loudoun became the westernmost British outpost to that date. The fort was designed by John William Gerard de Brahm and constructed by forces under British ... | In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee? | In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee? | [
"In which year did the British first settle in what would become Tennessee?"
] | {
"text": [
"1756"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67493 | 570a11074103511400d59552 | Hanover | With a population of 518,000, Hanover is a major centre of Northern Germany and the country's thirteenth largest city. Hanover also hosts annual commercial trade fairs such as the Hanover Fair and the CeBIT. Every year Hanover hosts the Schützenfest Hannover, the world's largest marksmen's festival, and the Oktoberfest... | What is the largest Oktoberfest in the world? | What is the largest Oktoberfest in the world? | [
"What is the largest Oktoberfest in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Oktoberfest of Blumenau"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82256 | 5a7116a20efcfe001a8afd32 | Pesticide | In order to reduce negative impacts, it is desirable that pesticides be degradable or at least quickly deactivated in the environment. Such loss of activity or toxicity of pesticides is due to both innate chemical properties of the compounds and environmental processes or conditions. For example, the presence of haloge... | What makes microbes degrade? | What makes microbes degrade? | [
"What makes microbes degrade?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19867 | 57318409e6313a140071cffa | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Approximately 96.4% of Ecuador's Indigenous population are Highland Quichuas living in the valleys of the Sierra region. Primarily consisting of the descendents of Incans, they are Kichwa speakers and include the Caranqui, the Otavalos, the Cayambi, the Quitu-Caras, the Panzaleo, the Chimbuelo, the Salasacan, the Tugua... | Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from? | Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from? | [
"Who are the Highland Quichuas primarily descended from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Inca"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33728 | 572657b8708984140094c31f | Film_speed | Some high-speed black-and-white films, such as Ilford Delta 3200 and Kodak T-MAX P3200, are marketed with film speeds in excess of their true ISO speed as determined using the ISO testing method. For example, the Ilford product is actually an ISO 1000 film, according to its data sheet. The manufacturers do not indicate... | Which two companies produced E6 films meant for "pushing"? | Which two companies produced E6 films meant for "pushing"? | [
"Which two companies produced E6 films meant for \"pushing\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kodak and Fuji"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32968 | 5a330056bd0d7f001aef9553 | Central_African_Republic | The 2009 Human Rights Report by the United States Department of State noted that human rights in CAR were poor and expressed concerns over numerous government abuses. The U.S. State Department alleged that major human rights abuses such as extrajudicial executions by security forces, torture, beatings and rape of suspe... | What are prision conditions like according to CAR? | What are prision conditions like according to CAR? | [
"What are prision conditions like according to CAR?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29636 | 5ad15b2d645df0001a2d1888 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Some titles have a Biblical basis, for instance the title Queen Mother has been given to Mary since she was the mother of Jesus, who was sometimes referred to as the "King of Kings" due to his lineage of King David. The biblical basis for the term Queen can be seen in the Gospel of Luke 1:32 and the Book of Isaiah 9:6,... | What did David call Jesus when he met him? | What did David call Jesus when he met him? | [
"What did David call Jesus when he met him?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113964 | 5a426c80c95734001a8bbe1e | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | The earliest recorded Western philosophy of time was expounded by the ancient Egyptian thinker Ptahhotep (c. 2650–2600 BC), who said, "Do not lessen the time of following desire, for the wasting of time is an abomination to the spirit." The Vedas, the earliest texts on Indian philosophy and Hindu philosophy, dating bac... | How long did the Greeksd think a cyle of time was? | How long did the Greeksd think a cyle of time was? | [
"How long did the Greeksd think a cyle of time was?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71043 | 56e78d6b00c9c71400d7729f | University_of_Kansas | According to the journal DesignIntelligence, which annually publishes "America's Best Architecture and Design Schools," the School of Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Kansas was named the best in the Midwest and ranked 11th among all undergraduate architecture programs in the U.S in 2012. | What title did KU's architecture school receive in 2012? | What title did KU's architecture school receive in 2012? | [
"What title did KU's architecture school receive in 2012?"
] | {
"text": [
"best in the Midwest"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32236 | 5ad256b8d7d075001a428d7e | Antarctica | Geologically, West Antarctica closely resembles the Andes mountain range of South America. The Antarctic Peninsula was formed by uplift and metamorphism of sea bed sediments during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic eras. This sediment uplift was accompanied by igneous intrusions and volcanism. The most common r... | What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula? | What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula? | [
"What caused volcanism on the Antarctic Peninsula?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6560 | 572828ed2ca10214002d9f89 | PlayStation_3 | Sony confirmed that there was an error and stated that they were narrowing down the issue and were continuing to work to restore service. By March 2 (UTC), 2010, owners of original PS3 models could connect to PSN successfully and the clock no longer showed December 31, 1999. Sony stated that the affected models incorre... | What were the broken models mistakenly classifying 2010 as? | What were the broken models mistakenly classifying 2010 as? | [
"What were the broken models mistakenly classifying 2010 as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a leap year"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31510 | 5a63f3ff7f3c80001a150bbe | Germans | By the 1860s the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austrian Empire were the two most powerful nations dominated by German-speaking elites. Both sought to expand their influence and territory. The Austrian Empire – like the Holy Roman Empire – was a multi-ethnic state, but German-speaking people there did not have an absolute ... | What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state? | What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state? | [
"What other Empire besides Prussia was a multi-ethnic state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29480 | 57305116396df9190009605a | Swaziland | The secondary and high school education system in Swaziland is a five-year programme divided into three years junior secondary and two years senior secondary. There is an external public examination (Junior Certificate) at the end of the junior secondary that learners have to pass to progress to the senior secondary le... | What is the ECOS within the Swazi education system? | What is the ECOS within the Swazi education system? | [
"What is the ECOS within the Swazi education system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Examination Council of Swaziland"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88654 | 56db756ce7c41114004b513d | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | A Macau resident was arrested on April 26 for posting a message on cyberctm.com encouraging people to disrupt the relay. Both orchidbbs.com and cyberctm.com Internet forums were shut down from May 2 to 4. This fueled speculation that the shutdowns were targeting speeches against the relay. The head of the Bureau of Tel... | Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message? | Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message? | [
"Who was arrested on April 26 for posting an online message?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Macau resident"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57782 | 572ed3f503f9891900756a67 | Quran | According to Sahih al-Bukhari, the Quran was recited among Levantines and Iraqis, and discussed by Christians and Jews, before it was standardized. Its language was similar to the Syriac language.[citation needed] The Quran recounts stories of many of the people and events recounted in Jewish and Christian sacred books... | Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran? | Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran? | [
"Which Biblical character is the most often mentioned person in the Quran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moses"
],
"answer_start": [
684
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48064 | 5726fb7b708984140094d7a3 | Napoleon | Napoleon could be considered one of the founders of modern Germany. After dissolving the Holy Roman Empire, he reduced the number of German states from 300 to less than 50, paving the way to German Unification. A byproduct of the French occupation was a strong development in German nationalism. Napoleon also significan... | How many German states were there before Napoleon began to reduce their numbers? | How many German states were there before Napoleon began to reduce their numbers? | [
"How many German states were there before Napoleon began to reduce their numbers?"
] | {
"text": [
"300"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8560 | 5acdf8ec32bba1001ae49916 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, following the collapse of the Soviet Union, the republic was renamed the Russian Federation, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names in the April 21, 1992 amendment to the existing constitution and were retained as such in the 1993 Constituti... | When wasn't the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution? | When wasn't the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution? | [
"When wasn't the current name for Russia added to the Russian constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40114 | 5727c28c3acd2414000debe0 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven was the host of the 1995 Special Olympics World Summer Games; then-President Bill Clinton spoke at the opening ceremonies. The city is home to the Pilot Pen International tennis event, which takes place every August at the Connecticut Tennis Center, one of the largest tennis venues in the world. New Haven bia... | What major tennis event take place annually every August in New Haven? | What major tennis event take place annually every August in New Haven? | [
"What major tennis event take place annually every August in New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pilot Pen International"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43162 | 5a85e192b4e223001a8e7259 | Poultry | It is widely agreed that the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) is the ancestor of all breeds of domestic duck (with the exception of the Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata), which is not closely related to other ducks). Ducks are farmed mainly for their meat, eggs, and down. As is the case with chickens, various breeds have bee... | What variety of duck is no longer found in the US and the UK? | What variety of duck is no longer found in the US and the UK? | [
"What variety of duck is no longer found in the US and the UK?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86048 | 5730103fa23a5019007fcce6 | Tucson,_Arizona | Central Tucson is bicycle-friendly. To the east of the University of Arizona, Third Street is bike-only except for local traffic and passes by the historic homes of the Sam Hughes neighborhood. To the west, E. University Boulevard leads to the Fourth Avenue Shopping District. To the North, N. Mountain Avenue has a full... | Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only? | Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only? | [
"Of the 3.5 miles from N. Mountain Avenue to Rillito River Park, how many are bike-only?"
] | {
"text": [
"half"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22112 | 5a7b594c21c2de001afe9f34 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | The National Historical Publications and Records Commission (NHPRC)—the agency's grant-making arm—awards funds to state and local governments, public and private archives, colleges and universities, and other nonprofit organizations to preserve and publish historical records. Since 1964, the NHPRC has awarded some 4,50... | In what year did public and private archives begin taking grants? | In what year did public and private archives begin taking grants? | [
"In what year did public and private archives begin taking grants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99704 | 56fb7df48ddada1400cd6481 | Middle_Ages | In Iberia, the Christian states, which had been confined to the north-western part of the peninsula, began to push back against the Islamic states in the south, a period known as the Reconquista. By about 1150, the Christian north had coalesced into the five major kingdoms of León, Castile, Aragon, Navarre, and Portuga... | Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150? | Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150? | [
"Along with León, Portugal, Aragon and Castile, what major Christian kingdom existed in Iberia around 1150?"
] | {
"text": [
"Navarre"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28788 | 571aa3cb4faf5e1900b8ab92 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes... | Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located? | Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located? | [
"Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Berlin"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85311 | 5a7a66f121c2de001afe9bd1 | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | What restricts ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes? | What restricts ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes? | [
"What restricts ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85487 | 5728283a4b864d19001645fe | European_Central_Bank | The European Central Bank had stepped up the buying of member nations debt. In response to the crisis of 2010, some proposals have surfaced for a collective European bond issue that would allow the central bank to purchase a European version of US Treasury bills. To make European sovereign debt assets more similar to a... | Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts? | Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts? | [
"Who began to increase their coverage of weaker debts?"
] | {
"text": [
"The European Central Bank"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96438 | 572903de1d04691400778f73 | Paris | Paris is a major international air transport hub with the 4th busiest airport system in the world. The city is served by three commercial international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Paris-Orly and Beauvais-Tillé. Together these three airports recorded traffic of 96.5 million passengers in 2014. There is also one g... | Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world? | Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world? | [
"Where is the 4th busiest international air transport hub in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104659 | 573332054776f41900660777 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007? | What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007? | [
"What contributed greatly to the severity of the financial crisis of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"excessive credit growth"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96659 | 572787275951b619008f8c6c | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The placing of the nails in the hands, or the wrists is also uncertain. Some theories suggest that the Greek word cheir (χειρ) for hand includes the wrist and that the Romans were generally trained to place nails through Destot's space (between the capitate and lunate bones) without fracturing any bones. Another theory... | What other location is offered by the Greek? | What other location is offered by the Greek? | [
"What other location is offered by the Greek?"
] | {
"text": [
"forearm"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73908 | 56df1961c65bf219000b3f5f | Warsaw_Pact | In November 2005, the Polish government opened its Warsaw Treaty archives to the Institute of National Remembrance, who published some 1,300 declassified documents in January 2006. Yet the Polish government reserved publication of 100 documents, pending their military declassification. Eventually, 30 of the reserved 10... | In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived? | In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived? | [
"In which year was the counteroffensive strategy first conceived?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
683
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114961 | 56ddbc0e66d3e219004dacc1 | Wayback_Machine | Snapshots usually become available more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later; it can take twenty-four months or longer. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded. Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. | What term characterizes the rate at which snapshots are made of websites? | What term characterizes the rate at which snapshots are made of websites? | [
"What term characterizes the rate at which snapshots are made of websites?"
] | {
"text": [
"variable"
],
"answer_start": [
184
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32398 | 5ad2b042d7d075001a429f34 | Antarctica | During the Cambrian period, Gondwana had a mild climate. West Antarctica was partially in the Northern Hemisphere, and during this period large amounts of sandstones, limestones and shales were deposited. East Antarctica was at the equator, where sea floor invertebrates and trilobites flourished in the tropical seas. B... | During the Devonian period, where was East Antarctica? | During the Devonian period, where was East Antarctica? | [
"During the Devonian period, where was East Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9662 | 5725dbef271a42140099d2af | Montevideo | The National History Museum of Montevideo is located in the historical residence of General Fructuoso Rivera. It exhibits artifacts related to the history of Uruguay. In a process begun in 1998, the National Museum of Natural History (1837) and the National Museum of Anthropology (1981), merged in 2001, becoming the Na... | How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed? | How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed? | [
"How many houses has the Historical Museum annexed?"
] | {
"text": [
"eight"
],
"answer_start": [
466
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18450 | 570e3e440dc6ce1900204ed8 | Eritrea | Education in Eritrea is officially compulsory between seven and 13 years of age. However, the education infrastructure is inadequate to meet current needs. Statistics vary at the elementary level, suggesting that between 65 and 70% of school-aged children attend primary school; Approximately 61% attend secondary school... | What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school? | What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school? | [
"What percentage of school-aged children are estimated to attend primary school?"
] | {
"text": [
"70%"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93130 | 5ad18e7a645df0001a2d1f1e | Light-emitting_diode | Recent developments in LEDs permit them to be used in environmental and task lighting. LEDs have many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness, smaller size, and faster switching. Light-emitting diodes are now used in applications as di... | What does LEED stand for? | What does LEED stand for? | [
" What does LEED stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26702 | 5709aab4ed30961900e843f0 | United_States_dollar | The symbol $, usually written before the numerical amount, is used for the U.S. dollar (as well as for many other currencies). The sign was the result of a late 18th-century evolution of the scribal abbreviation "ps" for the peso, the common name for the Spanish dollars that were in wide circulation in the New World fr... | In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted? | In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted? | [
"In which region of the world were the Spanish pesos minted?"
] | {
"text": [
"Spanish America"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107305 | 5736328f6c16ec1900b929a4 | Hunting | On 16 March 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act, which requires an annual stamp purchase by all hunters over the age of sixteen. The stamps are created on behalf of the program by the US Postal Service and depict wildlife artwork chosen through an annual contest. They play ... | What do the stamps depict? | What do the stamps depict? | [
"What do the stamps depict?"
] | {
"text": [
"wildlife artwork"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98151 | 56e1a8b5e3433e140042308e | Hydrogen | Even interpreting the hydrogen data (including safety data) is confounded by a number of phenomena. Many physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio (it often takes days or weeks at a given temperature to reach the equilibrium ratio, for which the data is usually given). ... | What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on? | What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on? | [
"What do physical and chemical properties of hydrogen depend on?"
] | {
"text": [
"the parahydrogen/orthohydrogen ratio"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60630 | 5ace433e32bba1001ae4a116 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Ann Arbor has a council-manager form of government. The City Council has 11 voting members: the mayor and 10 city council members. The mayor and city council members serve two-year terms: the mayor is elected every even-numbered year, while half of the city council members are up for election annually (five in even-num... | What administrator manages day to day operations and is chosen by the mayor? | What administrator manages day to day operations and is chosen by the mayor? | [
"What administrator manages day to day operations and is chosen by the mayor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103184 | 571a9d964faf5e1900b8ab32 | Multiracial_American | After the American Revolutionary War, the number and proportion of free people of color increased markedly in the North and the South as slaves were freed. Most northern states abolished slavery, sometimes, like New York, in programs of gradual emancipation that took more than two decades to be completed. The last slav... | When were the last slaves freed in New York state? | When were the last slaves freed in New York state? | [
"When were the last slaves freed in New York state?"
] | {
"text": [
"The last slaves in New York were not freed until 1827."
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92348 | 5a503f3bce860b001aa3fb28 | Asthma | In 1873, one of the first papers in modern medicine on the subject tried to explain the pathophysiology of the disease while one in 1872, concluded that asthma can be cured by rubbing the chest with chloroform liniment. Medical treatment in 1880, included the use of intravenous doses of a drug called pilocarpin. In 188... | What treatment was used for asthma in 1873? | What treatment was used for asthma in 1873? | [
"What treatment was used for asthma in 1873?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86161 | 57303bcda23a5019007fcfd1 | Tucson,_Arizona | The monsoon can begin any time from mid-June to late July, with an average start date around July 3. It typically continues through August and sometimes into September. During the monsoon, the humidity is much higher than the rest of the year. It begins with clouds building up from the south in the early afternoon foll... | What year did the "Stupid Motorist Law" come in effect? | What year did the "Stupid Motorist Law" come in effect? | [
"What year did the \"Stupid Motorist Law\" come in effect?"
] | {
"text": [
"1995"
],
"answer_start": [
847
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73880 | 5ad572595b96ef001a10aeff | Warsaw_Pact | In 1956, following the declaration of the Imre Nagy government of withdrawal of Hungary from the Warsaw Pact, Soviet troops entered the country and removed the government. Soviet forces crushed the nationwide revolt, leading to the death of an estimated 2,500 Hungarian citizens. | Whose troops entered Hungary and supported thier government? | Whose troops entered Hungary and supported thier government? | [
"Whose troops entered Hungary and supported thier government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79164 | 56cda8a662d2951400fa67d7 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Ele... | Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s? | Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s? | [
"Where did Twilight Princess rank on Nintendo Power's list of Nintendo games in the 2000s?"
] | {
"text": [
"third"
],
"answer_start": [
834
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114755 | 570a7fbf4103511400d59783 | Emotion | In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study o... | What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed? | What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed? | [
"What is a notable political science subfield where emotions are analyzed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the analysis of voter decision-making"
],
"answer_start": [
926
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86238 | 57343c494776f41900661ac5 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse r... | Where does Tucson hold NASCAR races? | Where does Tucson hold NASCAR races? | [
"Where does Tucson hold NASCAR races?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tucson Raceway Park"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82966 | 56de64f9cffd8e1900b4b85c | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger began weight training at the age of 15. He won the Mr. Universe title at age 20 and went on to win the Mr. Olympia contest seven times. Schwarzenegger has remained a prominent presence in bodybuilding and has written many books and articles on the sport. He is widely considered to be among the greatest b... | What nickname did Schwarzenegger's co-stars call him by during his acting career? | What nickname did Schwarzenegger's co-stars call him by during his acting career? | [
"What nickname did Schwarzenegger's co-stars call him by during his acting career?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arnie"
],
"answer_start": [
1098
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29555 | 5ad13a3c645df0001a2d12c4 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The Gospel of Luke begins its account of Mary's life with the Annunciation, when the angel Gabriel appeared to her and announced her divine selection to be the mother of Jesus. According to gospel accounts, Mary was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus and is depicted as a member of the early Christian community in Jeru... | Who else was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus? | Who else was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus? | [
"Who else was present at the Crucifixion of Jesus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90712 | 573217e8e17f3d140042267f | Pacific_War | U.S. submarines, as well as some British and Dutch vessels, operating from bases at Cavite in the Philippines (1941–42); Fremantle and Brisbane, Australia; Pearl Harbor; Trincomalee, Ceylon; Midway; and later Guam, played a major role in defeating Japan, even though submarines made up a small proportion of the Allied n... | What did submarines sinking Japanese ships do? | What did submarines sinking Japanese ships do? | [
"What did submarines sinking Japanese ships do?"
] | {
"text": [
"strangled Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
387
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70608 | 56dfead8231d4119001abe86 | Pub | Many pubs were drinking establishments, and little emphasis was placed on the serving of food, other than sandwiches and "bar snacks", such as pork scratchings, pickled eggs, salted crisps and peanuts which helped to increase beer sales. In South East England (especially London) it was common until recent times for ven... | In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs? | In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs? | [
"In London, what food vendors could often be found near pubs?"
] | {
"text": [
"mobile shellfish stalls"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98903 | 5a5ad57e9c0277001abe71d5 | Heresy | Ottoman Sultan Selim the Grim, regarded the Shia Qizilbash as heretics, reportedly proclaimed that "the killing of one Shiite had as much otherworldly reward as killing 70 Christians." | Who killed 70 Christians? | Who killed 70 Christians? | [
"Who killed 70 Christians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69125 | 5ad41d34604f3c001a4005c0 | Houston | When World War II started, tonnage levels at the port decreased and shipping activities were suspended; however, the war did provide economic benefits for the city. Petrochemical refineries and manufacturing plants were constructed along the ship channel because of the demand for petroleum and synthetic rubber products... | When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company destroyed? | When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company destroyed? | [
" When was the Brown Shipbuilding Company destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70303 | 5729939d1d04691400779554 | Neoclassical_architecture | The first phase of neoclassicism in France is expressed in the "Louis XVI style" of architects like Ange-Jacques Gabriel (Petit Trianon, 1762–68); the second phase, in the styles called Directoire and "Empire", might be characterized by Jean Chalgrin's severe astylar Arc de Triomphe (designed in 1806). In England the t... | France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what? | France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what? | [
"France's second phase of neoclassic is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Directoire and \"Empire\""
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45203 | 5727d3f54b864d1900163e0a | Sahara | To the north, the Sahara skirts the Mediterranean Sea in Egypt and portions of Libya, but in Cyrenaica and the Maghreb, the Sahara borders the Mediterranean forest, woodland, and scrub ecoregions of northern Africa, all of which have a Mediterranean climate characterized by hot summers and cool and rainy winters. Accor... | What sea is North of the Sahara Desert? | What sea is North of the Sahara Desert? | [
"What sea is North of the Sahara Desert?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mediterranean Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23772 | 57283a1b4b864d19001647a7 | Federalism | Because the states were preexisting political entities, the U.S. Constitution did not need to define or explain federalism in any one section but it often mentions the rights and responsibilities of state governments and state officials in relation to the federal government. The federal government has certain express p... | What are the expressed powers? | What are the expressed powers? | [
"What are the expressed powers? "
] | {
"text": [
"the right to levy taxes, declare war, and regulate interstate and foreign commerce."
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101935 | 572913111d0469140077901f | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | What are the two city-states in Germany? | What are the two city-states in Germany? | [
"What are the two city-states in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hamburg and Bremen"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106895 | 5ace562032bba1001ae4a301 | Hunting | Hunter-gathering lifestyles remained prevalent in some parts of the New World, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Siberia, as well as all of Australia, until the European Age of Discovery. They still persist in some tribal societies, albeit in rapid decline. Peoples that preserved paleolithic hunting-gathering until the recent pa... | Who are the only remaining full-time hunter gatherers in Australia? | Who are the only remaining full-time hunter gatherers in Australia? | [
"Who are the only remaining full-time hunter gatherers in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13843 | 56de69b84396321400ee28a7 | BBC_Television | The two systems were to run on a trial basis for six months; early television sets supported both resolutions. However, the Baird system, which used a mechanical camera for filmed programming and Farnsworth image dissector cameras for live programming, proved too cumbersome and visually inferior, and ended with closedo... | For how long did the BBC alternate different broadcasting systems? | For how long did the BBC alternate different broadcasting systems? | [
"For how long did the BBC alternate different broadcasting systems?"
] | {
"text": [
"six months"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
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