gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-97010 | 5a21db1e8a6e4f001aa08f9d | Canon_law | In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship. | What aspect of faith is not covered by canon law? | What aspect of faith is not covered by canon law? | [
"What aspect of faith is not covered by canon law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86788 | 5a8cab72fd22b3001a8d8d06 | Biodiversity | On the other hand, changes through the Phanerozoic correlate much better with the hyperbolic model (widely used in population biology, demography and macrosociology, as well as fossil biodiversity) than with exponential and logistic models. The latter models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order p... | What can be accounted for by a feedback between diversity and macrosociology trends? | What can be accounted for by a feedback between diversity and macrosociology trends? | [
"What can be accounted for by a feedback between diversity and macrosociology trends?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34032 | 5ad40d44604f3c001a4000c2 | Alaska | Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil produ... | Which area in Alaska is the nation's second lowest-yielding oil field? | Which area in Alaska is the nation's second lowest-yielding oil field? | [
"Which area in Alaska is the nation's second lowest-yielding oil field?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114762 | 5ad25fcbd7d075001a428f99 | Emotion | In economics, the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, emotions are analyzed in some sub-fields of microeconomics, in order to assess the role of emotions on purchase decision-making and risk perception. In criminology, a social science approach to the study o... | Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline does not inform the field of criminology? | Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline does not inform the field of criminology? | [
"Along with sociology and behavioral sciences, what discipline does not inform the field of criminology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81439 | 5725600a69ff041400e58c4b | Queen_Victoria | Napoleon III, since the Crimean War Britain's closest ally, visited London in April 1855, and from 17 to 28 August the same year Victoria and Albert returned the visit. Napoleon III met the couple at Dunkirk and accompanied them to Paris. They visited the Exposition Universelle (a successor to Albert's 1851 brainchild ... | How many guests attented a ball at the Palace of Versaille with Napoleon III and the royal couple in attendence? | How many guests attented a ball at the Palace of Versaille with Napoleon III and the royal couple in attendence? | [
"How many guests attented a ball at the Palace of Versaille with Napoleon III and the royal couple in attendence?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,200"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82188 | 572690b9f1498d1400e8e3f9 | Pesticide | DDT, sprayed on the walls of houses, is an organochlorine that has been used to fight malaria since the 1950s. Recent policy statements by the World Health Organization have given stronger support to this approach. However, DDT and other organochlorine pesticides have been banned in most countries worldwide because of ... | Why have DDTs been banned in some areas? | Why have DDTs been banned in some areas? | [
"Why have DDTs been banned in some areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"persistence in the environment and human toxicity"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112639 | 570d90eeb3d812140066da3e | United_States_Army | The army has relied heavily on tents to provide the various facilities needed while on deployment. The most common tent uses for the military are as temporary barracks (sleeping quarters), DFAC buildings (dining facilities), forward operating bases (FOBs), after action review (AAR), tactical operations center (TOC), mo... | What are the barracks used for? | What are the barracks used for? | [
"What are the barracks used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"sleeping quarters"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25789 | 57096ba1200fba1400367fb2 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally? | What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally? | [
"What percentage of electrical consumption does motor systems use globally?"
] | {
"text": [
"43%-46%"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96745 | 5a8cae39fd22b3001a8d8d24 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Christians believe that Jesus’ death was instrumental in restoring humankind to relationship with God. Christians believe that through faith in Jesus’ substitutionary death and triumphant resurrection people are reunited with God and receive new joy and power in this life as well as eternal life in heaven after the bod... | What is one thing you need to have in your house to see at night? | What is one thing you need to have in your house to see at night? | [
"What is one thing you need to have in your house to see at night?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23675 | 57282f5c3acd2414000df68b | Federalism | The government of India is based on a tiered system, in which the Constitution of India delineates the subjects on which each tier of government has executive powers. The Constitution originally provided for a two-tier system of government, the Union Government (also known as the Central Government), representing the U... | What is the government of India based on? | What is the government of India based on? | [
"What is the government of India based on? "
] | {
"text": [
"tiered system"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53583 | 5ad26260d7d075001a4290a4 | Dialect | By the definition most commonly used by linguists, any linguistic variety can be considered a "dialect" of some language—"everybody speaks a dialect". According to that interpretation, the criteria above merely serve to distinguish whether two varieties are dialects of the same language or dialects of different languag... | What do only a few linguists believe people speak? | What do only a few linguists believe people speak? | [
"What do only a few linguists believe people speak?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94368 | 5a7e7c8a48f7d9001a06373f | Cork_(city) | Within the city there have been two tram networks in operation. A proposal to develop a horse-drawn tram (linking the city's railway termini) was made by American George Francis Train in the 1860s, and implemented in 1872 by the Cork Tramway Company. However, the company ceased trading in 1875 after Cork Corporation re... | Where did the attachment sit when the horses were hitched to the tram? | Where did the attachment sit when the horses were hitched to the tram? | [
"Where did the attachment sit when the horses were hitched to the tram?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87934 | 5ad3de0b604f3c001a3ff453 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The remote location of the islands makes transport to the outside world difficult. Lacking an airport, the islands can be reached only by sea. Fishing boats from South Africa service the islands eight or nine times a year. The RMS Saint Helena used to connect the main island to St Helena and South Africa once each year... | What makes travelling to the outside world easy? | What makes travelling to the outside world easy? | [
"What makes travelling to the outside world easy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77692 | 57267ea9dd62a815002e8724 | British_Empire | The British declaration of war on Germany and its allies also committed the colonies and Dominions, which provided invaluable military, financial and material support. Over 2.5 million men served in the armies of the Dominions, as well as many thousands of volunteers from the Crown colonies. The contributions of Austra... | Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917? | Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917? | [
"Which British Prime Minister recognized the Dominions' contributions in 1917?"
] | {
"text": [
"David Lloyd George"
],
"answer_start": [
826
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96838 | 5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ebf | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | What church is made up of the Latin and Western Catholic churches | What church is made up of the Latin and Western Catholic churches | [
"What church is made up of the Latin and Western Catholic churches"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111177 | 573195dbe6313a140071d0e3 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the wake of the Republic's collapse, state religion had adapted to support the new regime of the emperors. Augustus, the first Roman emperor, justified the novelty of one-man rule with a vast program of religious revivalism and reform. Public vows formerly made for the security of the republic now were directed at t... | What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire? | What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire? | [
"What did the Romans use as a means of expanding their rule throughout the empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"Imperial cult"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15884 | 573423284776f4190066192d | Infection | In the absence of suitable plate culture techniques, some microbes require culture within live animals. Bacteria such as Mycobacterium leprae and Treponema pallidum can be grown in animals, although serological and microscopic techniques make the use of live animals unnecessary. Viruses are also usually identified usin... | What are live animals required by? | What are live animals required by? | [
"What are live animals required by?"
] | {
"text": [
"some microbes"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94532 | 57268d1d5951b619008f7665 | Queen_(band) | In 1978, the band released Jazz, which reached number two in the UK and number six on the Billboard 200 in the US. The album included the hit singles "Fat Bottomed Girls" and "Bicycle Race" on a double-sided record. Queen rented Wimbledon Stadium for a day to shoot the video, with 65 naked female models hired to stage ... | What number did Queen's Jazz reach on the Billboard 200? | What number did Queen's Jazz reach on the Billboard 200? | [
"What number did Queen's Jazz reach on the Billboard 200?"
] | {
"text": [
"six"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35656 | 570a4eb44103511400d595f8 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. In the REF results 46% of Imperial's submitted research was classified as 4*, 44% as 3*, 9% as 2* and 1% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.36. In rankings produced by Times Higher Educatio... | How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014? | How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014? | [
"How many staff members did Imperial claim to have in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,257"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6841 | 57312bcd05b4da19006bce2f | Red | In Ancient Rome, Tyrian purple was the color of the Emperor, but red had an important religious symbolism. Romans wore togas with red stripes on holidays, and the bride at a wedding wore a red shawl, called a flammeum. Red was used to color statues and the skin of gladiators. Red was also the color associated with army... | What color was correlated with the Army in ancient Rome? | What color was correlated with the Army in ancient Rome? | [
"What color was correlated with the Army in ancient Rome?"
] | {
"text": [
"Red"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81031 | 5723e4a30dadf01500fa1f83 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria was physically unprepossessing—she was stout, dowdy and no more than five feet tall—but she succeeded in projecting a grand image. She experienced unpopularity during the first years of her widowhood, but was well liked during the 1880s and 1890s, when she embodied the empire as a benevolent matriarchal figure... | What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria? | What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria? | [
"What year did Elizabeth Longford write a biography of Victoria?"
] | {
"text": [
"1964"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50681 | 56e8879699e8941900975e5f | Bern | Since the 16th century, the city has had a bear pit, the Bärengraben, at the far end of the Nydeggbrücke to house its heraldic animals. The currently four bears are now kept in an open-air enclosure nearby, and two other young bears, a present by the Russian president, are kept in Dählhölzli zoo. | What is the Barengraben? | What is the Barengraben? | [
"What is the Barengraben?"
] | {
"text": [
"a bear pit"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100592 | 572e6ada03f9891900756689 | Post-punk | The scope of the term "post-punk" has been subject to controversy. While some critics, such as AllMusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine, have employed the term "post-punk" to denote "a more adventurous and arty form of punk", others have suggested it pertains to a set of artistic sensibilities and approaches rather than any ... | Why is only the broadest use of genre possible when trying to categorize what actually defines post-punk? | Why is only the broadest use of genre possible when trying to categorize what actually defines post-punk? | [
"Why is only the broadest use of genre possible when trying to categorize what actually defines post-punk?"
] | {
"text": [
"multifarious"
],
"answer_start": [
775
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11244 | 5ad2e62a604f3c001a3fd925 | Anthropology | Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropolo... | What kind of observations are made in and artificial environment? | What kind of observations are made in and artificial environment? | [
"What kind of observations are made in and artificial environment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114216 | 572685275951b619008f755b | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of hi... | What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo? | What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo? | [
"What did the headline read that was run with Michael Foot's photo?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Do You Really Want This Old Fool To Run Britain?\""
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58138 | 5ad41831604f3c001a4003e8 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Frederick Lynch, the author of Invisible Victims: White Males and the Crisis of Affirmative Action, did a study on white males that said they were victims of reverse discrimination. Lynch explains that these white men felt frustrated and unfairly victimized by affirmative action. Shelby Steele, another author against a... | What did black males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action? | What did black males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action? | [
"What did black males feel was happening to them as a result of affirmative action?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9445 | 5a6bb40d4eec6b001a80a4fe | Myocardial_infarction | There is some controversy surrounding the effect of dietary fat on the development of cardiovascular disease. People are often advised to keep a diet where less than 30% of the energy intake derives from fat, a diet that contains less than 7% of the energy intake in the form of saturated fat, and a diet that contains l... | What is a good replacement for olive oil? | What is a good replacement for olive oil? | [
"What is a good replacement for olive oil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106676 | 5a8464dd7cf838001a46a7db | East_India_Company | Outstanding debts were also agreed and the company permitted to export 250 tons of saltpetre. Again in 1673, Banks successfully negotiated another contract for 700 tons of saltpetre at £37,000 between the king and the company. So urgent was the need to supply the armed forces in the United Kingdom, America and elsewher... | What 800 tons product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war? | What 800 tons product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war? | [
"What 800 tons product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55053 | 570a83984103511400d597db | Everton_F.C. | Everton originally played in the southeast corner of Stanley Park, which was the site for the new Liverpool F.C. stadium, with the first official match taking place in 1879. In 1882, a man named J. Cruitt donated land at Priory Road which became the club's home before they moved to Anfield, which was Everton's home unt... | Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879? | Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879? | [
"Where was the new Liverpool FC stadium located in 1879?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stanley Park"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115134 | 57261ff0ec44d21400f3d941 | Mammal | The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 200... | How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006? | How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006? | [
"How many mammals were known to exist up to 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"5,416"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94772 | 57107355b654c5140001f903 | Age_of_Enlightenment | The desire to explore, record and systematize knowledge had a meaningful impact on music publications. Jean-Jacques Rousseau's Dictionnaire de musique (published 1767 in Geneva and 1768 in Paris) was a leading text in the late 18th century. This widely available dictionary gave short definitions of words like genius an... | Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote? | Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote? | [
"Which two perspectives did Rose Rosengard Subotnik use to compare Mozart's Die Cauberflote?"
] | {
"text": [
"Enlightenment and Romantic"
],
"answer_start": [
909
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1902 | 570b4b85ec8fbc190045b96c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | After just 100 hours of ground combat, and with all of Kuwait and much of southern Iraq under coalition control, US President George H. W. Bush ordered a cease-fire and negotiations began resulting in an agreement for cessation of hostilities. Some US politicians were disappointed by this move, believing Bush should ha... | What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done? | What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done? | [
"What did some US Politicians think Coalition forces should have been allowed to have done?"
] | {
"text": [
"pressed on to Baghdad and removed Hussein from power"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108973 | 5a7e522f70df9f001a875727 | Literature | As advances and specialization have made new scientific research inaccessible to most audiences, the "literary" nature of science writing has become less pronounced over the last two centuries. Now, science appears mostly in journals. Scientific works of Aristotle, Copernicus, and Newton still exhibit great value, but ... | What do students rarely study outside programmes of literary study? | What do students rarely study outside programmes of literary study? | [
"What do students rarely study outside programmes of literary study?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53575 | 56e8239437bdd419002c4460 | Dialect | Another occasionally used criterion for discriminating dialects from languages is that of linguistic authority, a more sociolinguistic notion. According to this definition, two varieties are considered dialects of the same language if (under at least some circumstances) they would defer to the same authority regarding ... | Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member? | Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member? | [
"Of what group of languages is Yiddish a member?"
] | {
"text": [
"Middle High German"
],
"answer_start": [
677
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75018 | 572ec147c246551400ce4614 | Elevator | During up-peak mode (also called moderate incoming traffic), elevator cars in a group are recalled to the lobby to provide expeditious service to passengers arriving at the building, most typically in the morning as people arrive for work or at the conclusion of a lunch-time period. Elevators are dispatched one-by-one ... | Why is a "this car leaving next" sign used? | Why is a "this car leaving next" sign used? | [
"Why is a \"this car leaving next\" sign used?"
] | {
"text": [
"to encourage passengers to make maximum use of the available elevator system capacity"
],
"answer_start": [
550
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101989 | 57291a3e1d04691400779035 | States_of_Germany | Upon its founding in 1949, West Germany had eleven states. These were reduced to nine in 1952 when three south-western states (South Baden, Württemberg-Hohenzollern, and Württemberg-Baden) merged to form Baden-Württemberg. From 1957, when the French-occupied Saar Protectorate was returned and formed into the Saarland, ... | How many states did West Germany have at its founding? | How many states did West Germany have at its founding? | [
"How many states did West Germany have at its founding?"
] | {
"text": [
"eleven"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26486 | 5a779d9a2d6d7f001a4aa018 | University | Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influenc... | Who have drawn on the influences of scholarship from the European world? | Who have drawn on the influences of scholarship from the European world? | [
"Who have drawn on the influences of scholarship from the European world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108865 | 5a7a47e417ab25001a8a0458 | Literature | In ancient China, early literature was primarily focused on philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry. China, the origin of modern paper making and woodblock printing, produced one of the world's first print cultures. Much of Chinese literature originates with the Hundred Schools of Thought ... | What was complied in 388 BCE? | What was complied in 388 BCE? | [
"What was complied in 388 BCE?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87079 | 5a1f590a54a786001a36b279 | Videoconferencing | The MC controls the conferencing while it is active on the signaling plane, which is simply where the system manages conferencing creation, endpoint signaling and in-conferencing controls. This component negotiates parameters with every endpoint in the network and controls conferencing resources. While the MC controls ... | What does the MC receive from in-conferencing controls? | What does the MC receive from in-conferencing controls? | [
"What does the MC receive from in-conferencing controls?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25932 | 5a836094e60761001a2eb631 | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | What is the wood composition of a US nickel? | What is the wood composition of a US nickel? | [
"What is the wood composition of a US nickel?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54370 | 5ad2da59d7d075001a42a49d | Christian | In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah. The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to th... | In which month of 105 did the term Nasara rise to prominence? | In which month of 105 did the term Nasara rise to prominence? | [
"In which month of 105 did the term Nasara rise to prominence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61973 | 572a8990f75d5e190021fb56 | Madrasa | In India the majority of these schools follow the Hanafi school of thought. The religious establishment forms part of the mainly two large divisions within the country, namely the Deobandis, who dominate in numbers (of whom the Darul Uloom Deoband constitutes one of the biggest madaris) and the Barelvis, who also make ... | What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India? | What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India? | [
"What group makes up a larger percentage of people in India?"
] | {
"text": [
"Deobandis"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7093 | 5ad4f0d05b96ef001a10a6f0 | Red | Red is used in modern fashion much as it was used in Medieval painting; to attract the eyes of the viewer to the person who is supposed to be the center of attention. People wearing red seem to be closer than those dressed in other colors, even if they are actually the same distance away. Monarchs, wives of Presidentia... | What older period was red used in fashion? | What older period was red used in fashion? | [
"What older period was red used in fashion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106715 | 57267215dd62a815002e8521 | East_India_Company | In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under... | when did the first Opium war start? | when did the first Opium war start? | [
"when did the first Opium war start?"
] | {
"text": [
"1839"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32801 | 57280ddbff5b5019007d9bdd | Central_African_Republic | In the Ubangi-Shari Territorial Assembly election in 1957, MESAN captured 347,000 out of the total 356,000 votes, and won every legislative seat, which led to Boganda being elected president of the Grand Council of French Equatorial Africa and vice-president of the Ubangi-Shari Government Council. Within a year, he dec... | How many seats did MESAN win? | How many seats did MESAN win? | [
"How many seats did MESAN win?"
] | {
"text": [
"every legislative seat"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114208 | 5726842edd62a815002e87eb | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | After HMS Sheffield was wrecked by an Argentinian attack, The Sun was heavily criticised and even mocked for its coverage of the war in The Daily Mirror and The Guardian, and the wider media queried the veracity of official information and worried about the number of casualties, The Sun gave its response. "There are tr... | Which newspapers were highly critical of The Sun's war reporting? | Which newspapers were highly critical of The Sun's war reporting? | [
"Which newspapers were highly critical of The Sun's war reporting?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Daily Mirror and The Guardian"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15347 | 57064d0675f01819005e7b24 | Black_people | According to Dr. Carlos Moore, resident scholar at Brazil's University of the State of Bahia, in the 21st century Afro-multiracials in the Arab world, including Arabs in North Africa, self-identify in ways that resemble multi-racials in Latin America. He claims that black-looking Arabs, much like black-looking Latin Am... | Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white? | Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white? | [
"Why would a black-looking Arab consider himself white?"
] | {
"text": [
"because they have some distant white ancestry."
],
"answer_start": [
355
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36554 | 5a2736ffc93d92001a400431 | Immaculate_Conception | The celebrated John Duns Scotus (d. 1308), a Friar Minor like Saint Bonaventure, argued, on the contrary, that from a rational point of view it was certainly as little derogatory to the merits of Christ to assert that Mary was by him preserved from all taint of sin, as to say that she first contracted it and then was d... | Who is preserved from all taint of sin to the merits of Mary? | Who is preserved from all taint of sin to the merits of Mary? | [
"Who is preserved from all taint of sin to the merits of Mary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15252 | 572fa9b5a23a5019007fc850 | Hyderabad | The region is well known for its Golconda and Hyderabad painting styles which are branches of Deccani painting. Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminou... | In what century did Golconda painting develop? | In what century did Golconda painting develop? | [
"In what century did Golconda painting develop?"
] | {
"text": [
"16th century"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74599 | 571b684832177014007ea090 | Asphalt | Selenizza is a naturally occurring solid hydrocarbon bitumen found in the native asphalt deposit of Selenice, in Albania, the only European asphalt mine still in use. The rock asphalt is found in the form of veins, filling cracks in a more or less horizontal direction. The bitumen content varies from 83% to 92% (solubl... | How is the rock asphalt mainly found? | How is the rock asphalt mainly found? | [
"How is the rock asphalt mainly found?"
] | {
"text": [
"veins"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6619 | 572831a53acd2414000df6bb | PlayStation_3 | The system displays the What's New screen by default instead of the [Games] menu (or [Video] menu, if a movie was inserted) when starting up. What's New has four sections: "Our Pick", "Recently Played", latest information and new content available in PlayStation Store. There are four kinds of content the What's New scr... | Before What's New existed, what default screen would show when a user put a movie in their PS3? | Before What's New existed, what default screen would show when a user put a movie in their PS3? | [
"Before What's New existed, what default screen would show when a user put a movie in their PS3?"
] | {
"text": [
"Video"
],
"answer_start": [
86
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106435 | 5726097838643c19005acf6a | Hellenistic_period | Despite their initial reluctance, the Successors seem to have later deliberately naturalized themselves to their different regions, presumably in order to help maintain control of the population. In the Ptolemaic kingdom, we find some Egyptianized Greeks by the 2nd century onwards. The Indo-Greek kingdom, we find kings... | Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century? | Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century? | [
"Egyptianized Greeks in the Ptolemaic kingdom started to exist by which century?"
] | {
"text": [
"2nd"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51828 | 570c5881b3d812140066d169 | John,_King_of_England | This trend for the king to rely on his own men at the expense of the barons was exacerbated by the tradition of Angevin royal ira et malevolentia – "anger and ill-will" – and John's own personality. From Henry II onwards, ira et malevolentia had come to describe the right of the king to express his anger and displeasur... | Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards? | Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards? | [
"Who did Henry II express his fury and ill-will towards?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thomas Becket"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14080 | 56f8c90c9b226e1400dd0fe2 | Brain | Neuroanatomists usually divide the vertebrate brain into six main regions: the telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres), diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus), mesencephalon (midbrain), cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata. Each of these areas has a complex internal structure. Some parts, such as the cerebral cortex ... | The midbrain region of the brain is known as what? | The midbrain region of the brain is known as what? | [
"The midbrain region of the brain is known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"mesencephalon"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86610 | 56e7231d37bdd419002c3d96 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | The content of the acts, particularly section 1 (1) of the amending act of 1938, shows the importance which was then attached to giving architects the responsibility of superintending or supervising the building works of local authorities (for housing and other projects), rather than persons professionally qualified on... | When did the name of ARCUK change? | When did the name of ARCUK change? | [
"When did the name of ARCUK change?"
] | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
1122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113267 | 570df7fc0b85d914000d7c39 | Adolescence | Because exposure to media has increased over the past decade, adolescents' utilization of computers, cell phones, stereos and televisions to gain access to various mediums of popular culture has also increased. Almost all American households have at least one television, more than three-quarters of all adolescents' hom... | In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased? | In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased? | [
"In the last decade, has the amount oftime adolescents spend on the computer increased or dereased?"
] | {
"text": [
"greatly increased"
],
"answer_start": [
625
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26264 | 5726b119708984140094ce00 | Edmund_Burke | Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as ... | Where did Burke think La Vendee might lead to a march on? | Where did Burke think La Vendee might lead to a march on? | [
"Where did Burke think La Vendee might lead to a march on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29460 | 5a5698266349e2001acdce6c | Swaziland | 83% of the total population adheres to Christianity, making it the most common religion in Swaziland. Anglican, Protestant and indigenous African churches, including African Zionist, constitute the majority of the Christians (40%), followed by Roman Catholicism at 20% of the population. On 18 July 2012, Ellinah Wamukoy... | What Catholic Rite makes up 40% of the population? | What Catholic Rite makes up 40% of the population? | [
"What Catholic Rite makes up 40% of the population?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71994 | 572711cff1498d1400e8f30c | Capacitor | Several solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Plastics offer bette... | What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors especially useful for? | What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors especially useful for? | [
"What sort of circuit are plastic capacitors especially useful for?"
] | {
"text": [
"timer circuits"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65741 | 5728d9ff3acd2414000e003a | Detroit | Sacred Heart Major Seminary, originally founded in 1919, is affiliated with Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum in Rome and offers pontifical degrees as well as civil undergraduate and graduate degrees. Sacred Heart Major Seminary offers a variety of academic programs for both clerical and lay stud... | When was Sacred Heart Major Seminary founded? | When was Sacred Heart Major Seminary founded? | [
"When was Sacred Heart Major Seminary founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1919"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20024 | 573394c84776f41900660de0 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In the 18 years under the presidency of Edward Malloy, C.S.C., (1987–2005), there was a rapid growth in the school's reputation, faculty, and resources. He increased the faculty by more than 500 professors; the academic quality of the student body has improved dramatically, with the average SAT score rising from 1240 t... | When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment? | When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment? | [
"When Malloy became president of Notre Dame what was the size of the endowment?"
] | {
"text": [
"$350 million"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112690 | 5aced85832bba1001ae4b721 | United_States_Army | The army employs various individual weapons to provide light firepower at short ranges. The most common weapons used by the army are the compact variant of the M16 rifle, the M4 carbine, as well as the 7.62×51mm variant of the FN SCAR for Army Rangers. The primary sidearm in the U.S. Army is the 9 mm M9 pistol; the M11... | What is the primary sidearm used by the Coast Guard? | What is the primary sidearm used by the Coast Guard? | [
"What is the primary sidearm used by the Coast Guard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95494 | 5ad3d4df604f3c001a3ff2bc | Yale_University | Yale expanded gradually, establishing the Yale School of Medicine (1810), Yale Divinity School (1822), Yale Law School (1843), Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences (1847), the Sheffield Scientific School (1847), and the Yale School of Fine Arts (1869). In 1887, as the college continued to grow under the presidency... | When was Yale Divinity School closed? | When was Yale Divinity School closed? | [
"When was Yale Divinity School closed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69006 | 572f7b31b2c2fd140056817e | Modern_history | In North America, especially the first half of this period, people experienced considerable prosperity in the Roaring Twenties. The social and societal upheaval known as the Roaring Twenties began in North America and spread to Europe in the aftermath of World War I. The Roaring Twenties, often called "The Jazz Age", s... | Where did the "Roaring Twenties" begin? | Where did the "Roaring Twenties" begin? | [
"Where did the \"Roaring Twenties\" begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"North America"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93854 | 572e8261c246551400ce4284 | Cyprus | The island would serve Britain as a key military base for its colonial routes. By 1906, when the Famagusta harbour was completed, Cyprus was a strategic naval outpost overlooking the Suez Canal, the crucial main route to India which was then Britain's most important overseas possession. Following the outbreak of the Fi... | The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country? | The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country? | [
"The island of Cyprus serves as a key military base to what western country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Britain"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30097 | 5726ab455951b619008f7988 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh (/ˈrɑːli/; RAH-lee) is the capital of the state of North Carolina as well as the seat of Wake County in the United States. It is the second most populous city in North Carolina, after Charlotte. Raleigh is known as the "City of Oaks" for its many oak trees, which line the streets in the heart of the city. The c... | What county is Raleigh in? | What county is Raleigh in? | [
"What county is Raleigh in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dare"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42887 | 570d62aab3d812140066d7bf | Franco-Prussian_War | A pre-war plan laid out by the late Marshal Niel called for a strong French offensive from Thionville towards Trier and into the Prussian Rhineland. This plan was discarded in favour of a defensive plan by Generals Charles Frossard and Bartélemy Lebrun, which called for the Army of the Rhine to remain in a defensive po... | Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive? | Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive? | [
"Pre-war, who planned for a strong French offensive?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marshal Niel"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11022 | 5733b177d058e614000b6079 | Anthropology | Inquiry in sociocultural anthropology is guided in part by cultural relativism, the attempt to understand other societies in terms of their own cultural symbols and values. Accepting other cultures in their own terms moderates reductionism in cross-cultural comparison. This project is often accommodated in the field of... | What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms? | What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms? | [
"What is the attempt to understand other societies on their own terms?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultural relativism"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42459 | 5ad25c70d7d075001a428eb0 | Karl_Popper | In his early years Popper was impressed by Marxism, whether of Communists or socialists. An event that happened in 1919 had a profound effect on him: During a riot, caused by the Communists, the police shot several unarmed people, including some of Popper's friends, when they tried to free party comrades from prison. T... | What did Popper think placed freedom before equality? | What did Popper think placed freedom before equality? | [
"What did Popper think placed freedom before equality?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27552 | 573020b2947a6a140053d156 | Liberia | The subsequent 2005 elections were internationally regarded as the most free and fair in Liberian history. Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, a Harvard-trained economist and former Minister of Finance, was elected as the first female president in Africa. Upon her inauguration, Sirleaf requested the extradition of Taylor from Niger... | The 2005 elections were known as what? | The 2005 elections were known as what? | [
"The 2005 elections were known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the most free and fair in Liberian history"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63556 | 57261b6689a1e219009ac271 | Buckingham_Palace | Formerly, men not wearing military uniform wore knee breeches of an 18th-century design. Women's evening dress included obligatory trains and tiaras or feathers in their hair (or both). The dress code governing formal court uniform and dress has progressively relaxed. After World War I, when Queen Mary wished to follow... | Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen? | Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen? | [
"Which King was horrified to see the raised hemline on the Queen?"
] | {
"text": [
"George V"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91989 | 57275893dd62a815002e9b71 | Cotton | Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy ... | What weather conditions mandate the planting of stripper types of cotton? | What weather conditions mandate the planting of stripper types of cotton? | [
"What weather conditions mandate the planting of stripper types of cotton?"
] | {
"text": [
"windy"
],
"answer_start": [
314
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41003 | 5a6bd5164eec6b001a80a5d6 | Predation | Predatory animals often use their usual methods of attacking prey to inflict or to threaten grievous injury to their own predators. The electric eel uses the same electric current to kill prey and to defend itself against animals (anacondas, caimans, egrets, jaguars, mountain lions, giant otters, humans, dogs, and cats... | What status does a giant otter keep among other predators? | What status does a giant otter keep among other predators? | [
"What status does a giant otter keep among other predators?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92204 | 5728ac5d2ca10214002da58d | Asthma | There is currently no precise test with the diagnosis typically based on the pattern of symptoms and response to therapy over time. A diagnosis of asthma should be suspected if there is a history of: recurrent wheezing, coughing or difficulty breathing and these symptoms occur or worsen due to exercise, viral infection... | What is diagnosis based on typically? | What is diagnosis based on typically? | [
"What is diagnosis based on typically?"
] | {
"text": [
"pattern of symptoms and response to therapy over time"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89933 | 5acf603a77cf76001a684cc4 | Somerset | To the north-east of the Somerset Levels, the Mendip Hills are moderately high limestone hills. The central and western Mendip Hills was designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1972 and covers 198 km2 (76 sq mi). The main habitat on these hills is calcareous grassland, with some arable agriculture. To the s... | What lies to the north-west of the Somerset Levels? | What lies to the north-west of the Somerset Levels? | [
"What lies to the north-west of the Somerset Levels?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95807 | 5ad3ec5c604f3c001a3ff763 | Yale_University | Yale seniors at graduation smash clay pipes underfoot to symbolize passage from their "bright college years," though in recent history the pipes have been replaced with "bubble pipes". ("Bright College Years," the University's alma mater, was penned in 1881 by Henry Durand, Class of 1881, to the tune of Die Wacht am Rh... | What do juniors crush to celebrate graduation? | What do juniors crush to celebrate graduation? | [
"What do juniors crush to celebrate graduation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44037 | 56d12b6b17492d1400aabb3c | Kanye_West | West began an on-and-off relationship with designer Alexis Phifer in 2002, and they became engaged in August 2006. The pair ended their 18-month engagement in 2008. West subsequently dated model Amber Rose from 2008 until the summer of 2010. West began dating reality star and longtime friend Kim Kardashian in April 201... | Where in Jerusalem did Kardashian and West have their daughter North baptised? | Where in Jerusalem did Kardashian and West have their daughter North baptised? | [
"Where in Jerusalem did Kardashian and West have their daughter North baptised?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armenian Apostolic Church at the Cathedral of St. James"
],
"answer_start": [
782
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72860 | 5ad35e7b604f3c001a3fdee1 | Dell | Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but... | Where didn't Dell move its call centers? | Where didn't Dell move its call centers? | [
"Where didn't Dell move its call centers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22655 | 5727c05eff5b5019007d944b | Exhibition_game | Several MLB teams used to play regular exhibition games during the year against nearby teams in the other major league, but regular-season interleague play has made such games unnecessary. The two Canadian MLB teams, the Toronto Blue Jays of the American League and the Montreal Expos of the National League, met annuall... | What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos? | What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos? | [
"What game do the Bluejays play against the Expos?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Pearson Cup"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58577 | 5a2ad97b5b078a001a2f071e | Sanskrit | The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit date to the first century BCE.[citation needed] They are in the Brahmi script, which was originally used for Prakrit, not Sanskrit. It has been described as a paradox that the first evidence of written Sanskrit occurs centuries later than that of the Prakrit languages which a... | Where are there Prakrit inscriptions dating from the third century? | Where are there Prakrit inscriptions dating from the third century? | [
"Where are there Prakrit inscriptions dating from the third century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96013 | 5726c3e95951b619008f7d8b | Hokkien | Hokkien originated from Quanzhou. After the Opium War in 1842, Xiamen (Amoy) became one of the major treaty ports to be opened for trade with the outside world. From mid-19th century onwards, Xiamen slowly developed to become the political and economical center of the Hokkien-speaking region in China. This caused Amoy ... | Where did Hokkein originate? | Where did Hokkein originate? | [
"Where did Hokkein originate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Quanzhou"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10543 | 5acf86e977cf76001a6850f2 | Comics | Frustration with censorship and editorial interference led to a group of Pilote cartoonists to found the adults-only L'Écho des savanes in 1972. Adult-oriented and experimental comics flourished in the 1970s, such as in the experimental science fiction of Mœbius and others in Métal hurlant, even mainstream publishers t... | What format did child comics begin to be published in? | What format did child comics begin to be published in? | [
"What format did child comics begin to be published in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37457 | 5727c1c43acd2414000debd1 | London | London contains four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London; Kew Gardens; the site comprising the Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey, and St Margaret's Church; and the historic settlement of Greenwich (in which the Royal Observatory, Greenwich marks the Prime Meridian, 0° longitude, and GMT). Other famous land... | What famous palace is located in London? | What famous palace is located in London? | [
"What famous palace is located in London?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buckingham Palace"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45568 | 571a8e1c10f8ca1400305123 | Ashkenazi_Jews | Efforts to identify the origins of Ashkenazi Jews through DNA analysis began in the 1990s. Currently, there are three types of genetic origin testing, autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA). Autosomal DNA is a mixture from an individual's entire ancestry, Y-DNA shows a male's li... | What are the three types of origin testing? | What are the three types of origin testing? | [
"What are the three types of origin testing?"
] | {
"text": [
"autosomal DNA (atDNA), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA)"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104589 | 5732a8641d5d2e14009ff888 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | These institutions, as well as certain regulated banks, had also assumed significant debt burdens while providing the loans described above and did not have a financial cushion sufficient to absorb large loan defaults or MBS losses. These losses impacted the ability of financial institutions to lend, slowing economic a... | Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007? | Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007? | [
"Who bailed out key financial institutions and implemented economic stimulus programs as an answer to the financial crisis of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"Governments"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30088 | 572a582ab8ce0319002e2abc | CBC_Television | On July 17, 2012, the CRTC approved the shut down of CBC's analogue transmitters, noting that "while the Commission has the discretion to refuse to revoke broadcasting licences, even on application from a licensee, it cannot direct the CBC or any other broadcaster to continue to operate its stations and transmitters." ... | On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down? | On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down? | [
"On what date were CBC's remaining analogue transmitters shut down?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 31, 2012"
],
"answer_start": [
323
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47362 | 5726fbec708984140094d7ab | Madonna_(entertainer) | Academics noted that with her videos, Madonna was subtly reversing the usual role of male as the dominant sex. This symbolism and imagery was probably the most prevalent in the music video for "Like a Prayer". The video included scenes of an African-American church choir, Madonna being attracted to a statue of a black ... | Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role? | Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role? | [
"Who noted that Madonna was reversing the gender role?"
] | {
"text": [
"Academics"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58733 | 5a46c24d5fd40d001a27dca3 | Rajasthan | The geographic features of Rajasthan are the Thar Desert and the Aravalli Range, which runs through the state from southwest to northeast, almost from one end to the other, for more than 850 kilometres (530 mi). Mount Abu lies at the southwestern end of the range, separated from the main ranges by the West Banas River,... | How long is the West Banas River? | How long is the West Banas River? | [
"How long is the West Banas River?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12249 | 5730ba2f396df919000962ee | Antibiotics | Antibiotics revolutionized medicine in the 20th century, and have together with vaccination led to the near eradication of diseases such as tuberculosis in the developed world. Their effectiveness and easy access led to overuse, especially in livestock raising, prompting bacteria to develop resistance. This has led to ... | What does there medicines do for livestock? | What does there medicines do for livestock? | [
"What does there medicines do for livestock?"
] | {
"text": [
"develop resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4120 | 56bfcf98a10cfb14005512fe | Beyoncé | Beyoncé's lighter skin color and costuming has drawn criticism from some in the African-American community. Emmett Price, a professor of music at Northeastern University, wrote in 2007, that he thinks race plays a role in many of these criticisms, saying white celebrities who dress similarly do not attract as many comm... | How did L'Oreal respond to accusations of changing pictures? | How did L'Oreal respond to accusations of changing pictures? | [
"How did L'Oreal respond to accusations of changing pictures?"
] | {
"text": [
"it is categorically untrue"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96916 | 5a21d3708a6e4f001aa08f30 | Canon_law | It is a fully developed legal system, with all the necessary elements: courts, lawyers, judges, a fully articulated legal code principles of legal interpretation, and coercive penalties, though it lacks civilly-binding force in most secular jurisdictions. The academic degrees in canon law are the J.C.B. (Juris Canonici... | What is not fully developed in the Catholic Church? | What is not fully developed in the Catholic Church? | [
"What is not fully developed in the Catholic Church?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70263 | 5a2c346fbfd06b001a5aea4d | Neoclassical_architecture | At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and ... | What neoclassic style in France was less grandiose? | What neoclassic style in France was less grandiose? | [
"What neoclassic style in France was less grandiose?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62378 | 5a6a69a5a9e0c9001a4e9df6 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 197... | When did Whitlam win the election? | When did Whitlam win the election? | [
"When did Whitlam win the election?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10060 | 57282dda4b864d1900164662 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 21 May, Amer asked Nasser to order the Straits of Tiran blockaded, a move Nasser believed Israel would use as a casus belli. Amer reassured him that the army was prepared for confrontation, but Nasser doubted Amer's assessment of the military's readiness. According to Nasser's vice president Zakaria Mohieddin, altho... | How would Nassir deal with an Israeli invasion, if it happened? | How would Nassir deal with an Israeli invasion, if it happened? | [
"How would Nassir deal with an Israeli invasion, if it happened?"
] | {
"text": [
"diplomacy towards a ceasefire"
],
"answer_start": [
818
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111724 | 5acd809c07355d001abf449e | Education | Research into LCPS (low cost private schools) found that over 5 years to July 2013, debate around LCPSs to achieving Education for All (EFA) objectives was polarised and finding growing coverage in international policy. The polarisation was due to disputes around whether the schools are affordable for the poor, reach d... | What did not reach disadvantaged groups? | What did not reach disadvantaged groups? | [
"What did not reach disadvantaged groups?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107786 | 571aa3cf10f8ca140030522b | Umayyad_Caliphate | Geographically, the empire was divided into several provinces, the borders of which changed numerous times during the Umayyad reign. Each province had a governor appointed by the khalifah. The governor was in charge of the religious officials, army leaders, police, and civil administrators in his province. Local expens... | Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire? | Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire? | [
"Who appointed the governors in the Umayyad empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"khalifah"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104058 | 570ba2b3ec8fbc190045baa1 | Infrared | The infrared portion of the spectrum has several useful benefits for astronomers. Cold, dark molecular clouds of gas and dust in our galaxy will glow with radiated heat as they are irradiated by imbedded stars. Infrared can also be used to detect protostars before they begin to emit visible light. Stars emit a smaller ... | What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light? | What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light? | [
"What can be detected via infrared prior to their emitting visible light?"
] | {
"text": [
"protostars"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57225 | 572feebca23a5019007fcb6d | Muslim_world | The best known work of fiction from the Islamic world is One Thousand and One Nights (In Persian: hezār-o-yek šab > Arabic: ʔalf-layl-at-wa-l’-layla= One thousand Night and (one) Night) or *Arabian Nights, a name invented by early Western translators, which is a compilation of folk tales from Sanskrit, Persian, and lat... | What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world? | What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world? | [
"What is the most widely known fictional work from the Islamic world?"
] | {
"text": [
"One Thousand and One Nights"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13496 | 56e7bd1a00c9c71400d77577 | Nanjing | On 10 February 2010, the 122nd IOC session at Vancouver announced Nanjing as the host city for the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games. The slogan of the 2014 Youth Olympic Games was “Share the Games, Share our Dreams”. The Nanjing 2014 Youth Olympic Games featured all 28 sports on the Olympic programme and were held from 1... | How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games? | How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games? | [
"How many types of sports were performed in the 2014 Youth Olympic Games?"
] | {
"text": [
"28"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13082 | 56dcffdc66d3e219004daba7 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps. | What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society? | What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society? | [
"What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sangha Region"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
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