gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-883 | 56df83025ca0a614008f9be3 | Plymouth | Notable athletes include swimmer Sharron Davies, diver Tom Daley, dancer Wayne Sleep, and footballer Trevor Francis. Other past residents include composer journalist and newspaper editor William Henry Wills, Ron Goodwin, and journalist Angela Rippon and comedian Dawn French. Canadian politician and legal scholar Chris ... | What United States vice president did Donald Moffat play? | What United States vice president did Donald Moffat play? | [
"What United States vice president did Donald Moffat play?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lyndon B. Johnson"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19836 | 57317b1de6313a140071cf87 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Morales began work on his "indigenous autonomy" policy, which he launched in the eastern lowlands department on August 3, 2009, making Bolivia the first country in the history of South America to affirm the right of indigenous people to govern themselves. Speaking in Santa Cruz Department, the President called it "a hi... | When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands? | When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands? | [
"When did Morales launch his policy in the eastern lowlands?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69218 | 5709517c9928a8140047152c | Houston | The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, ... | Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what? | Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what? | [
"Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23318 | 5731bb10b9d445190005e4cf | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The original charter of the Province of East Jersey had restricted membership in the Assembly to Christians; the Duke of York was fervently Catholic, and the proprietors of Perth Amboy, New Jersey were Scottish Catholic peers. The Province of West Jersey had declared, in 1681, that there should be no religious test for... | What did the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to? | What did the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to? | [
"What did the original charter of the Province of East Jersey restrict membership in its Assembly to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christians"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14296 | 572ec86dc246551400ce466e | Han_dynasty | From roughly 115 to 60 BC, Han forces fought the Xiongnu over control of the oasis city-states in the Tarim Basin. Han was eventually victorious and established the Protectorate of the Western Regions in 60 BC, which dealt with the region's defense and foreign affairs. The Han also expanded southward. The naval conques... | Which kingdom did the Han conquer in 109 BC? | Which kingdom did the Han conquer in 109 BC? | [
"Which kingdom did the Han conquer in 109 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dian"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108863 | 5a7a47e417ab25001a8a0456 | Literature | In ancient China, early literature was primarily focused on philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry. China, the origin of modern paper making and woodblock printing, produced one of the world's first print cultures. Much of Chinese literature originates with the Hundred Schools of Thought ... | The Western Zhou Dynasty was present during what years? | The Western Zhou Dynasty was present during what years? | [
"The Western Zhou Dynasty was present during what years?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24095 | 572942ed3f37b319004781c1 | Bermuda | The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian was The History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by Mary Prince. It is thought to have contributed to the abolition of slavery in the British Empire. Ernest Graham Ingham, an expatriate author, published his books at the turn of the 19th and 2... | What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim? | What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim? | [
"What historical significance can the book The History of Mary Prince claim?"
] | {
"text": [
"The first notable, and historically important, book credited to a Bermudian"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68440 | 57281e423acd2414000df4e5 | George_VI | In 1940, Winston Churchill replaced Neville Chamberlain as Prime Minister, though personally George would have preferred to appoint Lord Halifax. After the King's initial dismay over Churchill's appointment of Lord Beaverbrook to the Cabinet, he and Churchill developed "the closest personal relationship in modern Briti... | What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet? | What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet? | [
"What day of the week did Churchill and the King meet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tuesday"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101753 | 56d9e644dc89441400fdb8d3 | Dog | Dogs have lived and worked with humans in so many roles that they have earned the unique nickname, "man's best friend", a phrase used in other languages as well. They have been bred for herding livestock, hunting (e.g. pointers and hounds), rodent control, guarding, helping fishermen with nets, detection dogs, and pull... | What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting? | What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting? | [
"What dog types, in the text, are used for hunting?"
] | {
"text": [
"pointers and hounds"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3564 | 56d43c5f2ccc5a1400d830ad | Beyoncé | Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group ... | How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win for her first solo album? | How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win for her first solo album? | [
"How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win for her first solo album?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58940 | 572789a1708984140094e03b | A_cappella | In the Byzantine Rite of the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Eastern Catholic Churches, the music performed in the liturgies is exclusively sung without instrumental accompaniment. Bishop Kallistos Ware says, "The service is sung, even though there may be no choir... In the Orthodox Church today, as in the early Church... | When did Russian musika show up? | When did Russian musika show up? | [
"When did Russian musika show up?"
] | {
"text": [
"khorovïye kontsertï"
],
"answer_start": [
668
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113692 | 572f570b04bcaa1900d7685f | Central_Intelligence_Agency | Lawrence Houston, head counsel of the SSU, CIG, and, later CIA, was a principle draftsman of the National Security Act of 1947 which dissolved the NIA and the CIG, and established both the National Security Council and the Central Intelligence Agency. In 1949, Houston would help draft the Central Intelligence Agency Ac... | Lawrence Houston helped to draft what act in 1949? | Lawrence Houston helped to draft what act in 1949? | [
"Lawrence Houston helped to draft what act in 1949?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central Intelligence Agency Act"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70530 | 56dfe0ba231d4119001abe5b | Pub | "Whereas their Majesties have been Graciously Pleased to grant Letters patent to John Lofting of London Merchant for a New Invented Engine for Extinguishing Fires which said Engine have found every great encouragement. The said Patentee hath also projected a Very Useful Engine for starting of beer and other liquors whi... | What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to? | What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to? | [
"What tavern did William Tillcar live adjacent to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sun Tavern"
],
"answer_start": [
736
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17170 | 570e366b0b85d914000d7d77 | Uranium | Natural uranium consists of three major isotopes: uranium-238 (99.28% natural abundance), uranium-235 (0.71%), and uranium-234 (0.0054%). All three are radioactive, emitting alpha particles, with the exception that all three of these isotopes have small probabilities of undergoing spontaneous fission, rather than alpha... | What is the least prevalent major isotope of natural uranium? | What is the least prevalent major isotope of natural uranium? | [
"What is the least prevalent major isotope of natural uranium?"
] | {
"text": [
"uranium-234"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18180 | 570db6fb16d0071400510d2b | Eritrea | Lions are said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region. There is also a small population of elephants that roam in some parts of the country. Dik-diks can also be found in many areas. The endangered African wild ass can be seen in Denakalia Region. Other local wildlife include bushbucks, duikers, greater kudu... | What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region? | What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region? | [
"What big cat is said to inhabit the mountains of the Gash-Barka Region?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lions"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4467 | 5a60f519e9e1cc001a33cdcd | Pope_John_XXIII | Pope Saint John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII) born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,[a] Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fo... | When was Pope Pius XII canonized? | When was Pope Pius XII canonized? | [
"When was Pope Pius XII canonized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21387 | 56e6d988de9d371400068084 | Adult_contemporary_music | The consolidation of the "hot AC" format contrasted with the near-demise of most other AC formats: Beginning with the 2005-2007 economic downturn and eventual recession most stations went for the more chart-based CHR, along with the top 40, urban and even Latino formats. Diminishing physical record sales also proved a ... | Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations? | Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations? | [
"Along with the recession, what broad economic trend marked the decline of adult contemporary radio stations?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 2005-2007 economic downturn"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28859 | 571ab39a10f8ca14003052f4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | The aftermath of World War II saw an explosion in the discovery of new classes of antibacterial drugs including the cephalosporins (developed by Eli Lilly based on the seminal work of Giuseppe Brotzu and Edward Abraham), streptomycin (discovered during a Merck-funded research program in Selman Waksman's laboratory), th... | What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis? | What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis? | [
"What drug effectively treated Tuberculosis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Streptomycin"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34003 | 5ad40c5b604f3c001a400053 | Alaska | In 1795, the First Russian Orthodox Church was established in Kodiak. Intermarriage with Alaskan Natives helped the Russian immigrants integrate into society. As a result, an increasing number of Russian Orthodox churches gradually became established within Alaska. Alaska also has the largest Quaker population (by perc... | What was one way in which Russian immigrants never integrated into Alaskan society? | What was one way in which Russian immigrants never integrated into Alaskan society? | [
"What was one way in which Russian immigrants never integrated into Alaskan society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84790 | 57302a3d947a6a140053d205 | San_Diego | San Diego was ranked as the 20th-safest city in America in 2013 by Business Insider. According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010. Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. Crime in San Diego increased in ... | What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2006? | What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2006? | [
"What percentage did the crime rate in San Diego drop from 2002 to 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
491
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103650 | 5a3bf528cc5d22001a521c53 | East_Prussia | The succeeding Prussian reforms instigated by Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein and Karl August von Hardenberg included the implementation of an Oberlandesgericht appellation court at Königsberg, a municipal corporation, economic freedom as well as emancipation of the serfs and Jews. In the course of the Prussi... | Who led the West Prussian province in 1878? | Who led the West Prussian province in 1878? | [
"Who led the West Prussian province in 1878?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21677 | 5730b9a8396df919000962e4 | Sumer | As is known from the "Sumerian Farmer's Almanac", after the flood season and after the Spring Equinox and the Akitu or New Year Festival, using the canals, farmers would flood their fields and then drain the water. Next they made oxen stomp the ground and kill weeds. They then dragged the fields with pickaxes. After dr... | Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground? | Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground? | [
"Why did the Sumerian farmers make their oxen stomp the ground?"
] | {
"text": [
"kill weeds"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17203 | 570e37d60b85d914000d7d8e | Uranium | A person can be exposed to uranium (or its radioactive daughters, such as radon) by inhaling dust in air or by ingesting contaminated water and food. The amount of uranium in air is usually very small; however, people who work in factories that process phosphate fertilizers, live near government facilities that made or... | What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday? | What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday? | [
"What is the NIOSH uranium exposure standard over an 8-hour workday?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.2 mg/m3"
],
"answer_start": [
1036
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19941 | 5731acdeb9d445190005e461 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Human settlement of the New World occurred in stages from the Bering sea coast line, with an initial 15,000 to 20,000-year layover on Beringia for the small founding population. The micro-satellite diversity and distributions of the Y lineage specific to South America indicates that certain indigenous peoples of the Am... | What did human settlement of the New World occur in? | What did human settlement of the New World occur in? | [
"What did human settlement of the New World occur in?"
] | {
"text": [
"stages"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16514 | 573190a3a5e9cc1400cdc0a7 | Muammar_Gaddafi | Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife... | Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law? | Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law? | [
"Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?"
] | {
"text": [
"General Khalid"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49143 | 5a86ee5f1d3cee001a6a1030 | Tuberculosis | Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections do not have symptoms, known as latent tuberculosis. About 10% of latent infections progress to active diseas... | What disease is caused by TB? | What disease is caused by TB? | [
"What disease is caused by TB?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95997 | 5726c1a65951b619008f7d63 | Hokkien | The pronounced divergence between literary and colloquial pronunciations found in Hokkien dialects is attributed to the presence of several strata in the Min lexicon. The earliest, colloquial stratum is traced to the Han dynasty (206 BCE - 220 CE); the second colloquial one comes from the period of the Southern and Nor... | When was the Han Dynasty? | When was the Han Dynasty? | [
"When was the Han Dynasty?"
] | {
"text": [
"206 BCE - 220 CE"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76945 | 572665cc5951b619008f71ab | Dutch_language | Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of... | In what area of France is Calais located? | In what area of France is Calais located? | [
"In what area of France is Calais located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northeastern France"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1125 | 5a84a2057cf838001a46a9db | Endangered_Species_Act | Opponents of the Endangered Species Act argue that with over 2,000 endangered species listed, and only 28 delisted due to recovery, the success rate of 1% over nearly three decades proves that there needs to be serious reform in their methods to actually help the endangered animals and plants. Others argue that the ESA... | What is another name for the ESA's practices? | What is another name for the ESA's practices? | [
"What is another name for the ESA's practices?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56190 | 5726aebf708984140094cdc8 | Nonprofit_organization | A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its sur... | What is an NPO also known as? | What is an NPO also known as? | [
"What is an NPO also known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-business entity"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112306 | 57292e273f37b319004780b9 | Race_(human_categorization) | Since the early history of the United States, Amerindians, African–Americans, and European Americans have been classified as belonging to different races. Efforts to track mixing between groups led to a proliferation of categories, such as mulatto and octoroon. The criteria for membership in these races diverged in the... | What is a particularly African-American experience because it's specific to only the United States? | What is a particularly African-American experience because it's specific to only the United States? | [
"What is a particularly African-American experience because it's specific to only the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"The one-drop rule"
],
"answer_start": [
997
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27444 | 572fb38ea23a5019007fc8c7 | Transistor | Because the electron mobility is higher than the hole mobility for all semiconductor materials, a given bipolar n–p–n transistor tends to be swifter than an equivalent p–n–p transistor. GaAs has the highest electron mobility of the three semiconductors. It is for this reason that GaAs is used in high-frequency applicat... | What is quicker, a bipolar n-p-n transistor or a p-n-p transistor? | What is quicker, a bipolar n-p-n transistor or a p-n-p transistor? | [
"What is quicker, a bipolar n-p-n transistor or a p-n-p transistor?"
] | {
"text": [
"a given bipolar n–p–n transistor"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97906 | 5a82107a31013a001a33517f | Humanism | Raymond B. Bragg, the associate editor of The New Humanist, sought to consolidate the input of Leon Milton Birkhead, Charles Francis Potter, and several members of the Western Unitarian Conference. Bragg asked Roy Wood Sellars to draft a document based on this information which resulted in the publication of the Humani... | Who became responsible for the stealing of The New Humanist? | Who became responsible for the stealing of The New Humanist? | [
"Who became responsible for the stealing of The New Humanist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38282 | 572a23643f37b31900478728 | Neolithic | In Mesoamerica, a similar set of events (i.e., crop domestication and sedentary lifestyles) occurred by around 4500 BC, but possibly as early as 11,000–10,000 BC. These cultures are usually not referred to as belonging to the Neolithic; in America different terms are used such as Formative stage instead of mid-late Neo... | What term is used to describe the mid-late Neolithic era in American education? | What term is used to describe the mid-late Neolithic era in American education? | [
"What term is used to describe the mid-late Neolithic era in American education?"
] | {
"text": [
"Formative stage"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68152 | 5ad4228c604f3c001a4007cd | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety ... | What year was the Jenkins Orphanage closed? | What year was the Jenkins Orphanage closed? | [
"What year was the Jenkins Orphanage closed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2761 | 57300f7fb2c2fd14005687c6 | British_Isles | The term British Isles is controversial in Ireland, where there are objections to its usage due to the association of the word British with Ireland. The Government of Ireland does not recognise or use the term and its embassy in London discourages its use. As a result, Britain and Ireland is used as an alternative desc... | Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term? | Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term? | [
"Does the Government of Ireland use the British Isle term?"
] | {
"text": [
"does not recognise or use the term"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83041 | 56de8b764396321400ee2a0e | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | During the 1980s, audiences had an appetite for action films, with both Schwarzenegger and Sylvester Stallone becoming international stars. Schwarzenegger's roles reflected his sense of humor, separating him from more serious action hero films, such as the alternative universe poster for Terminator 2: Judgment Day star... | What year was Schwarzenegger's film The Running Man released? | What year was Schwarzenegger's film The Running Man released? | [
"What year was Schwarzenegger's film The Running Man released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1987"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27065 | 5a578ac4770dc0001aeefc83 | Orthodox_Judaism | In reaction to the emergence of Reform Judaism, a group of traditionalist German Jews emerged in support of some of the values of the Haskalah, but also wanted to defend the classic, traditional interpretation of Jewish law and tradition. This group was led by those who opposed the establishment of a new temple in Hamb... | What was considered the first Reformed Jewish periodical? | What was considered the first Reformed Jewish periodical? | [
"What was considered the first Reformed Jewish periodical?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110601 | 57267a6d708984140094c777 | Professional_wrestling | Documentary filmmakers have studied the lives of wrestlers and the effects the profession has on them and their families. The 1999 theatrical documentary Beyond the Mat focused on Terry Funk, a wrestler nearing retirement; Mick Foley, a wrestler within his prime; Jake Roberts, a former star fallen from grace; and a sch... | Who hosts Real Sports? | Who hosts Real Sports? | [
"Who hosts Real Sports?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bryant Gumbel"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14980 | 5ad3d82d604f3c001a3ff370 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Overall, however, Whitehead's influence is very difficult to characterize. In English-speaking countries, his primary works are little-studied outside of Claremont and a select number of liberal graduate-level theology and philosophy programs. Outside of these circles his influence is relatively small and diffuse, and ... | Where has no interest outside of those areas mainly come from? | Where has no interest outside of those areas mainly come from? | [
" Where has no interest outside of those areas mainly come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56416 | 57279954708984140094e1e9 | Nonprofit_organization | Instead of being defined by "non" words, some organizations are suggesting new, positive-sounding terminology to describe the sector. The term "civil society organization" (CSO) has been used by a growing number of organizations, such as the Center for the Study of Global Governance. The term "citizen sector organizati... | What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use? | What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use? | [
"What is a new term for NPOs that has started to see more use?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil society organization"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98095 | 56e1993fcd28a01900c67a1c | Hydrogen | Hydrogen can be prepared in several different ways, but economically the most important processes involve removal of hydrogen from hydrocarbons. Commercial bulk hydrogen is usually produced by the steam reforming of natural gas. At high temperatures (1000–1400 K, 700–1100 °C or 1300–2000 °F), steam (water vapor) reacts... | The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what? | The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what? | [
"The most economical way to prepare hydrogen involves removing it from what?"
] | {
"text": [
"hydrocarbons"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52311 | 5ad396ba604f3c001a3fe797 | Miami | Other major newspapers include Miami Today, headquartered in Brickell, Miami New Times, headquartered in Midtown, Miami Sun Post, South Florida Business Journal, Miami Times, and Biscayne Boulevard Times. An additional Spanish-language newspapers, Diario Las Americas also serve Miami. The Miami Herald is Miami's primar... | In what neighborhood of Miami isn't Miami New Times based? | In what neighborhood of Miami isn't Miami New Times based? | [
"In what neighborhood of Miami isn't Miami New Times based?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86213 | 57343812d058e614000b6b3c | Tucson,_Arizona | Another popular event held in February, which is early spring in Tucson, is the Fiesta de los Vaqueros, or rodeo week, founded by winter visitor, Leighton Kramer. While at its heart the Fiesta is a sporting event, it includes what is billed as "the world's largest non-mechanized parade". The Rodeo Parade is a popular e... | How much time do Tucson schools give students off to attend the Fiesta de los Vaqueros? | How much time do Tucson schools give students off to attend the Fiesta de los Vaqueros? | [
"How much time do Tucson schools give students off to attend the Fiesta de los Vaqueros?"
] | {
"text": [
"two rodeo days off"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55044 | 570a82f14103511400d597d2 | Everton_F.C. | In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale. Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturers Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours has been reduced and the radia... | How was the Everton FC's crest redesign received by fans? | How was the Everton FC's crest redesign received by fans? | [
"How was the Everton FC's crest redesign received by fans?"
] | {
"text": [
"poorly"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57122 | 5728da31ff5b5019007da81f | Apollo | Four days after his birth, Apollo killed the chthonic dragon Python, which lived in Delphi beside the Castalian Spring. This was the spring which emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies. Hera sent the serpent to hunt Leto to her death across the world. To protect his mother, Apollo begged... | which spring emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies? | which spring emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies? | [
"which spring emitted vapors that caused the oracle at Delphi to give her prophecies?"
] | {
"text": [
"Castalian Spring"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83006 | 56de771dcffd8e1900b4b950 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | For many years, he wrote a monthly column for the bodybuilding magazines Muscle & Fitness and Flex. Shortly after being elected Governor, he was appointed executive editor of both magazines, in a largely symbolic capacity. The magazines agreed to donate $250,000 a year to the Governor's various physical fitness initiat... | What position did Schwarzenegger briefly hold at Muscle & Fitness and Flex? | What position did Schwarzenegger briefly hold at Muscle & Fitness and Flex? | [
"What position did Schwarzenegger briefly hold at Muscle & Fitness and Flex?"
] | {
"text": [
"executive editor"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9724 | 5725e87aec44d21400f3d73f | Montevideo | The Dirección Nacional de Transporte (DNT), part of the national Ministry of Transport and Public Works, is responsible for the organization and development of Montevideo's transport infrastructure. A bus service network covers the entire city. An international bus station, the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal, is located on t... | Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located? | Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located? | [
"Where is the Tres Cruces Bus Terminal located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the lower level of the Tres Cruces Shopping Center"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69949 | 5ad49e74ba00c4001a268e08 | Windows_8 | Windows RT, the only edition of Windows 8 for systems with ARM processors, only supports applications included with the system (such as a special version of Office 2013), supplied through Windows Update, or Windows Store apps, to ensure that the system only runs applications that are optimized for the architecture. Win... | What apps don't work on Windows RT? | What apps don't work on Windows RT? | [
"What apps don't work on Windows RT?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24827 | 56cf30beaab44d1400b88df9 | New_York_City | There are seven state parks within the confines of New York City, including Clay Pit Ponds State Park Preserve, a natural area which includes extensive riding trails, and Riverbank State Park, a 28-acre (110,000 m2) facility that rises 69 feet (21 m) over the Hudson River. | How many state parks exist in New York City? | How many state parks exist in New York City? | [
"How many state parks exist in New York City?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89683 | 57302cf4b2c2fd14005689ee | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain? | By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain? | [
"By July of 1940 how many guns were deployed in Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37855 | 572fd44fb2c2fd14005684d3 | Roman_Republic | The Romans held off Hannibal in three battles, but then Hannibal smashed a succession of Roman consular armies. By this time Hannibal's brother Hasdrubal Barca sought to cross the Alps into Italy and join his brother with a second army. Hasdrubal managed to break through into Italy only to be defeated decisively on the... | Why did the Romans send an army to Africa? | Why did the Romans send an army to Africa? | [
"Why did the Romans send an army to Africa?"
] | {
"text": [
"to threaten the Carthaginian capital"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82561 | 56e7825400c9c71400d771eb | Daylight_saving_time | Damage to a German steel facility occurred during a DST transition in 1993, when a computer timing system linked to a radio time synchronization signal allowed molten steel to cool for one hour less than the required duration, resulting in spattering of molten steel when it was poured. Medical devices may generate adve... | Who is responsible for testing and even making changing to computer programs when daylight saving rules change? | Who is responsible for testing and even making changing to computer programs when daylight saving rules change? | [
"Who is responsible for testing and even making changing to computer programs when daylight saving rules change?"
] | {
"text": [
"software developers"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40719 | 57096fa9ed30961900e84122 | Communication | The broad field of animal communication encompasses most of the issues in ethology. Animal communication can be defined as any behavior of one animal that affects the current or future behavior of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoo semiotics (distinguishable from anthroposemiotics, the study ... | What is the study of human communication called? | What is the study of human communication called? | [
"What is the study of human communication called?"
] | {
"text": [
"anthroposemiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94063 | 5a7e45da70df9f001a87566e | Cork_(city) | Cork was originally a monastic settlement, reputedly founded by Saint Finbarr in the 6th century. Cork achieved an urban character at some point between 915 and 922 when Norseman (Viking) settlers founded a trading port. It has been proposed that, like Dublin, Cork was an important trading centre in the global Scandina... | In what century was Dublin founded? | In what century was Dublin founded? | [
"In what century was Dublin founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84583 | 5ad4c8cc5b96ef001a10a07b | San_Diego | The climate in San Diego, like most of Southern California, often varies significantly over short geographical distances resulting in microclimates. In San Diego, this is mostly because of the city's topography (the Bay, and the numerous hills, mountains, and canyons). Frequently, particularly during the "May gray/June... | What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in July? | What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in July? | [
"What is the average high temperature in El Cajon in July?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75983 | 56e0cae4231d4119001ac3a3 | Web_browser | Microsoft responded with its Internet Explorer in 1995, also heavily influenced by Mosaic, initiating the industry's first browser war. Bundled with Windows, Internet Explorer gained dominance in the web browser market; Internet Explorer usage share peaked at over 95% by 2002. | The release of Internet Explorer started the first what? | The release of Internet Explorer started the first what? | [
"The release of Internet Explorer started the first what?"
] | {
"text": [
"browser war"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52982 | 5705fa3075f01819005e780d | Bird_migration | Within a species not all populations may be migratory; this is known as "partial migration". Partial migration is very common in the southern continents; in Australia, 44% of non-passerine birds and 32% of passerine species are partially migratory. In some species, the population at higher latitudes tends to be migrato... | Where is partial migration most common? | Where is partial migration most common? | [
"Where is partial migration most common?"
] | {
"text": [
"the southern continents"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94517 | 57268918708984140094c932 | Queen_(band) | By 1976, Queen were back in the studio recording A Day at the Races, which is often regarded as a sequel album to A Night at the Opera. It again borrowed the name of a Marx Brothers movie, and its cover was similar to that of A Night at the Opera, a variation on the same Queen Crest. The most recognisable of the Marx B... | What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album? | What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album? | [
"What was the major hit from Queen's 1976 album?"
] | {
"text": [
"Somebody to Love"
],
"answer_start": [
667
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90078 | 5acf82a577cf76001a68505e | Somerset | All of the ceremonial county of Somerset is covered by the Avon and Somerset Constabulary, a police force which also covers Bristol and South Gloucestershire. The Devon and Somerset Fire and Rescue Service was formed in 2007 upon the merger of the Somerset Fire and Rescue Service with its neighbouring Devon service; it... | In what year was the Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance organization formed? | In what year was the Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance organization formed? | [
"In what year was the Dorset and Somerset Air Ambulance organization formed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59555 | 5726b6a15951b619008f7b92 | Electric_motor | In a WRIM, the rotor winding is made of many turns of insulated wire and is connected to slip rings on the motor shaft. An external resistor or other control devices can be connected in the rotor circuit. Resistors allow control of the motor speed, although significant power is dissipated in the external resistance. A ... | What can a resistor control? | What can a resistor control? | [
"What can a resistor control?"
] | {
"text": [
"motor speed"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8857 | 572812a04b864d19001643c0 | LaserDisc | LaserDisc was first available on the market, in Atlanta, Georgia, on December 15, 1978, two years after the introduction of the VHS VCR, and four years before the introduction of the CD (which is based on laser disc technology). Initially licensed, sold, and marketed as MCA DiscoVision (also known as simply "DiscoVisio... | Where was LaserDisc first available? | Where was LaserDisc first available? | [
"Where was LaserDisc first available?"
] | {
"text": [
"Atlanta, Georgia"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35788 | 5a4857df84b8a4001a7e783e | Imperial_College_London | In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995... | What schools came out of Imperial in 1997? | What schools came out of Imperial in 1997? | [
"What schools came out of Imperial in 1997?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66086 | 5a651f58c2b11c001a425c3f | ASCII | DEC operating systems (OS/8, RT-11, RSX-11, RSTS, TOPS-10, etc.) used both characters to mark the end of a line so that the console device (originally Teletype machines) would work. By the time so-called "glass TTYs" (later called CRTs or terminals) came along, the convention was so well established that backward compa... | What programming did DEC use in the 1970s? | What programming did DEC use in the 1970s? | [
"What programming did DEC use in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3137 | 56dc587714d3a41400c267f8 | Genome | New sequencing technologies, such as massive parallel sequencing have also opened up the prospect of personal genome sequencing as a diagnostic tool, as pioneered by Manteia Predictive Medicine. A major step toward that goal was the completion in 2007 of the full genome of James D. Watson, one of the co-discoverers of ... | What is Watson famous for helping discover? | What is Watson famous for helping discover? | [
"What is Watson famous for helping discover?"
] | {
"text": [
"the structure of DNA"
],
"answer_start": [
320
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30906 | 5726a3d5708984140094ccb0 | Mexico_City | Mexico City is served by Mexico City International Airport (IATA Airport Code: MEX). This airport is Latin America's second busiest and one of the largests in traffic, with daily flights to United States and Canada, mainland Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, South America, Europe and Asia. Aeroméxico (Skyteam)... | What is the name of the smaller airport near Mexico City? | What is the name of the smaller airport near Mexico City? | [
"What is the name of the smaller airport near Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adolfo López Mateos International Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
708
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65635 | 5728c62f4b864d1900164dd0 | Detroit | A desire to be closer to the urban scene has also attracted some young professionals to reside in inner ring suburbs such as Grosse Pointe and Royal Oak, Detroit. Detroit's proximity to Windsor, Ontario, provides for views and nightlife, along with Ontario's minimum drinking age of 19. A 2011 study by Walk Score recogn... | Which city has a lower than usual drinking age? | Which city has a lower than usual drinking age? | [
"Which city has a lower than usual drinking age?"
] | {
"text": [
"Windsor, Ontario"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69373 | 5ad41eaf604f3c001a40065f | Houston | Houston has mild winters in contrast to most areas of the United States. In January, the normal mean temperature at Intercontinental Airport is 53.1 °F (11.7 °C), while that station has an average of 13 days with a low at or below freezing. Snowfall is rare. Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on December 24,... | What type of weather is common in Houston? | What type of weather is common in Houston? | [
" What type of weather is common in Houston?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7281 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc991 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to ... | What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance? | What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance? | [
"What type of architecture was known for its asymmetry and balance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73223 | 56d3738f59d6e4140014641b | American_Idol | The performance of "Summertime" by Barrino, later known simply as "Fantasia", at Top 8 was widely praised, and Simon Cowell considered it as his favorite Idol moment in the nine seasons he was on the show. Fantasia and Diana DeGarmo were the last two finalists, and Fantasia was crowned as the winner. Fantasia released ... | Who was the runner up on the third season of American Idol? | Who was the runner up on the third season of American Idol? | [
"Who was the runner up on the third season of American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Diana DeGarmo"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59533 | 5ad163ff645df0001a2d1973 | Electric_motor | An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such... | What component of a universal motor is most likely to not fail? | What component of a universal motor is most likely to not fail? | [
"What component of a universal motor is most likely to not fail?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93513 | 572842434b864d1900164822 | Estonia | After centuries of Danish, Swedish and German rule the native Estonians started to yearn for independence during the period of national awakening while being governed by the Russian Empire. Established on 24 February 1918, the Republic of Estonia came into existence towards the end of World War I. During World War II, ... | Who was in control of Estonia for most of the country's history? | Who was in control of Estonia for most of the country's history? | [
"Who was in control of Estonia for most of the country's history?"
] | {
"text": [
"Danish, Swedish and German rule"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64027 | 5ace81a032bba1001ae4a8b4 | Annelid | As in arthropods, each muscle fiber (cell) is controlled by more than one neuron, and the speed and power of the fiber's contractions depends on the combined effects of all its neurons. Vertebrates have a different system, in which one neuron controls a group of muscle fibers. Most annelids' longitudinal nerve trunks i... | What do giant axons destroy? | What do giant axons destroy? | [
"What do giant axons destroy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69598 | 5ad423c4604f3c001a400856 | Houston | Houston is served by the Houston Chronicle, its only major daily newspaper with wide distribution. The Hearst Corporation, which owns and operates the Houston Chronicle, bought the assets of the Houston Post—its long-time rival and main competition—when Houston Post ceased operations in 1995. The Houston Post was owned... | Whose family owned the Texas Post? | Whose family owned the Texas Post? | [
" Whose family owned the Texas Post?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20940 | 5acfc61077cf76001a685e6e | Prime_minister | In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the ... | What needs the support of the upper house of parliment? | What needs the support of the upper house of parliment? | [
"What needs the support of the upper house of parliment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-892 | 5a844fc87cf838001a46a6fd | Endangered_Species_Act | The Endangered Species Act of 1973 (ESA; 16 U.S.C. § 1531 et seq.) is one of the few dozens of United States environmental laws passed in the 1970s, and serves as the enacting legislation to carry out the provisions outlined in The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES).... | What did the Supreme Court sign into law in the 1970s? | What did the Supreme Court sign into law in the 1970s? | [
"What did the Supreme Court sign into law in the 1970s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26141 | 5ad0c4d2645df0001a2d028a | Edmund_Burke | On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings. The impeachment in Westminster Hall, which did not begin until 14 February 1788, would be the "first major public discursive event of its kind in England", bringing the morality and duty of imperial... | When did Hastings present his article against Burke? | When did Hastings present his article against Burke? | [
"When did Hastings present his article against Burke?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40189 | 572baec6111d821400f38f46 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The Farmington Canal Trail is a rail trail that will eventually run continuously from downtown New Haven to Northampton, Massachusetts. The scenic trail follows the path of the historic New Haven and Northampton Company and the Farmington Canal. Currently, there is a continuous 14-mile (23 km) stretch of the trail from... | Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail? | Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail? | [
"Segments of the Farmington Canal is also part of which bicycle trail?"
] | {
"text": [
"East Coast Greenway"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4926 | 56e112eecd28a01900c67559 | Boston | Boston (pronounced i/ˈbɒstən/) is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in the United States. Boston also served as the historic county seat of Suffolk County until Massachusetts disbanded county government in 1999. The city proper covers 48 square miles (124 km2) with an estimated populatio... | What is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts? | What is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts? | [
"What is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boston"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85215 | 5a7fb0f18f0597001ac0007c | Supreme_court | In Brazil, the Supreme Federal Tribunal (Supremo Tribunal Federal) is the highest court. It is both the constitutional court and the court of last resort in Brazilian law. It only reviews cases that may be unconstitutional or final habeas corpus pleads for criminal cases. It also judges, in original jurisdiction, cases... | What two types of cases does the Superior Military Tribunal only review? | What two types of cases does the Superior Military Tribunal only review? | [
"What two types of cases does the Superior Military Tribunal only review?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111748 | 572bba49111d821400f38f5a | Education | Educational psychology is the study of how humans learn in educational settings, the effectiveness of educational interventions, the psychology of teaching, and the social psychology of schools as organizations. Although the terms "educational psychology" and "school psychology" are often used interchangeably, research... | What is the meaning of Education psychology? | What is the meaning of Education psychology? | [
"What is the meaning of Education psychology?"
] | {
"text": [
"the study of how humans learn in educational settings"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2481 | 56d23b26b329da140004ec2e | Buddhism | In the eight precepts, the third precept on sexual misconduct is made more strict, and becomes a precept of celibacy. The three additional precepts are: | Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct? | Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct? | [
"Of the eight precepts which one is on sexual misconduct?"
] | {
"text": [
"third"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13343 | 56e7a0d637bdd419002c428c | Nanjing | According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex r... | What was the population of Nanjing in 2010? | What was the population of Nanjing in 2010? | [
"What was the population of Nanjing in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"8.005 million"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113052 | 570da297df2f5219002ed084 | Adolescence | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity? | Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity? | [
"Is exploratory sexual behavior seen as similar or seperate to other aspects of identity?"
] | {
"text": [
"similar"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81055 | 5724eddd0a492a1900435671 | Queen_Victoria | In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically we... | Who did Victoria dislike so much she banned him from her presence once she became Queen? | Who did Victoria dislike so much she banned him from her presence once she became Queen? | [
"Who did Victoria dislike so much she banned him from her presence once she became Queen? "
] | {
"text": [
"Conroy"
],
"answer_start": [
1002
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58261 | 5ad41b58604f3c001a40051a | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | On November 17, 2014, Students for Fair Admissions, an offshoot of the Project on Fair Representation, filed lawsuits in federal district court challenging the admissions practices of Harvard University and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The UNC-Chapel Hill lawsuit alleges discrimination against white... | Who filed the lawsuits with the Universities? | Who filed the lawsuits with the Universities? | [
"Who filed the lawsuits with the Universities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23087 | 5ad0cd5f645df0001a2d03de | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu. | What year were all countries included? | What year were all countries included? | [
"What year were all countries included?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35737 | 570a574f4103511400d59628 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College TV
ICTV (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an oc... | What does the abbreviation STOIC stand for? | What does the abbreviation STOIC stand for? | [
"What does the abbreviation STOIC stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Student Television of Imperial College"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23394 | 5ad143f8645df0001a2d1479 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The centrality of the "separation" concept to the Religion Clauses of the Constitution was made explicit in Everson v. Board of Education, 330 U.S. 1 (1947), a case dealing with a New Jersey law that allowed government funds to pay for transportation of students to both public and Catholic schools. This was the first c... | What case wasn't the concept relevant? | What case wasn't the concept relevant? | [
" What case wasn't the concept relevant?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40126 | 572b93c834ae481900deaea9 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven has many architectural landmarks dating from every important time period and architectural style in American history. The city has been home to a number of architects and architectural firms that have left their mark on the city including Ithiel Town and Henry Austin in the 19th century and Cesar Pelli, Warre... | New Haven is also known for a very notable architecture institution, it's name? | New Haven is also known for a very notable architecture institution, it's name? | [
"New Haven is also known for a very notable architecture institution, it's name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yale School of Architecture"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114250 | 57269a6d708984140094cb6e | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue. Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the h... | What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story? | What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story? | [
"What did David Randall say about the Sun's AIDS story?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Sun's story was one of the worst cases of journalistic malpractice in recent history"
],
"answer_start": [
725
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13346 | 56e7a0d637bdd419002c428f | Nanjing | According to the Sixth China Census, the total population of the City of Nanjing reached 8.005 million in 2010. The statistics in 2011 estimated the total population to be 8.11 million. The birth rate was 8.86 percent and the death rate was 6.88 percent. The urban area had a population of 6.47 million people. The sex r... | What was Nanjing's birth rate? | What was Nanjing's birth rate? | [
"What was Nanjing's birth rate?"
] | {
"text": [
"8.86 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8224 | 57265b4bf1498d1400e8dd0f | Thuringia | Thuringia became a landgraviate in 1130 AD. After the extinction of the reigning Ludowingian line of counts and landgraves in 1247 and the War of the Thuringian Succession (1247–1264), the western half became independent under the name of "Hesse", never to become a part of Thuringia again. Most of the remaining Thuring... | Where was the Wettin dynasty from? | Where was the Wettin dynasty from? | [
"Where was the Wettin dynasty from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Margraviate of Meissen"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40512 | 56e7621400c9c71400d77068 | Paper | In Europe, and other regions using the ISO 216 paper sizing system, the weight is expressed in grammes per square metre (g/m2 or usually just g) of the paper. Printing paper is generally between 60 g and 120 g. Anything heavier than 160 g is considered card. The weight of a ream therefore depends on the dimensions of t... | What ISO sizing system does Europe use? | What ISO sizing system does Europe use? | [
"What ISO sizing system does Europe use?"
] | {
"text": [
"ISO 216"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68380 | 5a369ef295360f001af1b2cf | George_VI | As Edward was unmarried and had no children, Albert was the heir presumptive to the throne. Less than a year later, on 11 December 1936, Edward VIII abdicated in order to marry his mistress, Wallis Simpson, who was divorced from her first husband and divorcing her second. Edward had been advised by British Prime Minist... | On what date did Albert become king? | On what date did Albert become king? | [
"On what date did Albert become king?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3831 | 56be9d3d3aeaaa14008c9174 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé embarked on The Mrs. Carter Show World Tour on April 15 in Belgrade, Serbia; the tour included 132 dates that ran through to March 2014. It became the most successful tour of her career and one of the most-successful tours of all time. In May, Beyoncé's cover of Amy Winehouse's "Back to Black" with André 3000 o... | Beyonce voiced a character in which animated film? | Beyonce voiced a character in which animated film? | [
"Beyonce voiced a character in which animated film?"
] | {
"text": [
"Epic"
],
"answer_start": [
469
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31655 | 570d6cecb3d812140066d8dd | Anti-aircraft_warfare | A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai... | What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea? | What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea? | [
"What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?"
] | {
"text": [
"1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53965 | 56dde6229a695914005b9686 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The responsibility for military command remained with the British Crown-in-Council, with a commander-in-chief for North America stationed at Halifax until the final withdrawal of British Army and Royal Navy units from that city in 1906. Thereafter, the Royal Canadian Navy was formed, and, with the advent of military av... | Who initially had military command? | Who initially had military command? | [
"Who initially had military command?"
] | {
"text": [
"the British Crown-in-Council"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52737 | 5a739ee142eae6001a389936 | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | What did James Madison intend the mindset of the Federalist Party to be? | What did James Madison intend the mindset of the Federalist Party to be? | [
"What did James Madison intend the mindset of the Federalist Party to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9045 | 57324ffa0fdd8d15006c695f | The_Bronx | The Bronx contains one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States, the 15th, but its wide diversity also includes affluent, upper-income and middle-income neighborhoods such as Riverdale, Fieldston, Spuyten Duyvil, Schuylerville, Pelham Bay, Pelham Gardens, Morris Park and Country Club. The Bronx,... | How poor is part of the Bronx? | How poor is part of the Bronx? | [
"How poor is part of the Bronx?"
] | {
"text": [
"one of the five poorest Congressional Districts in the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
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