gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-99979 | 5ace44f632bba1001ae4a13b | Guam | Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungso... | In what year did Captain Juan de Santiago start to pacify Guam? | In what year did Captain Juan de Santiago start to pacify Guam? | [
"In what year did Captain Juan de Santiago start to pacify Guam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2354 | 56d0b98f234ae51400d9c41f | Buddhism | Suffering (Pāli: दुक्ख dukkha; Sanskrit दुःख duḥkha) is also a central concept in Buddhism. The word roughly corresponds to a number of terms in English including suffering, pain, unsatisfactoriness, sorrow, affliction, anxiety, dissatisfaction, discomfort, anguish, stress, misery, and frustration. Although the term is... | Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term? | Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term? | [
"Dukkha is often translated as suffering, but the philosophical meaning of dukkha of more closely related to what term?"
] | {
"text": [
"disquietude"
],
"answer_start": [
402
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87182 | 570b1a61ec8fbc190045b827 | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w... | What technology can be used along with videoconferencing? | What technology can be used along with videoconferencing? | [
"What technology can be used along with videoconferencing?"
] | {
"text": [
"VoIP"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99842 | 56fb8dba8ddada1400cd64e5 | Middle_Ages | Although the Palaeologi emperors recaptured Constantinople from the Western Europeans in 1261, they were never able to regain control of much of the former imperial lands. They usually controlled only a small section of the Balkan Peninsula near Constantinople, the city itself, and some coastal lands on the Black Sea a... | What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia? | What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia? | [
"What tribe of Turks emerged in 13th century Anatolia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ottomans"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91566 | 5726fc4bdd62a815002e9700 | Avicenna | Ibn Sīnā wrote at least one treatise on alchemy, but several others have been falsely attributed to him. His Logic, Metaphysics, Physics, and De Caelo, are treatises giving a synoptic view of Aristotelian doctrine, though Metaphysics demonstrates a significant departure from the brand of Neoplatonism known as Aristotel... | What doctrine is some of Avicenna's works based around? | What doctrine is some of Avicenna's works based around? | [
"What doctrine is some of Avicenna's works based around?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aristotelian doctrine"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79949 | 5706520375f01819005e7b3f | MP3 | The basic MP3 decoding and encoding technology is patent-free in the European Union, all patents having expired there. In the United States, the technology will be substantially patent-free on 31 December 2017 (see below). The majority of MP3 patents expired in the US between 2007 and 2015. | What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free? | What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free? | [
"What happened to the patents that caused them to be patent-free?"
] | {
"text": [
"expired"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86961 | 570bd9e2ec8fbc190045bb7c | Biodiversity | From 1950 to 2011, world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion and is forecast to reach a plateau of more than 9 billion during the 21st century. Sir David King, former chief scientific adviser to the UK government, told a parliamentary inquiry: "It is self-evident that the massive growth in the human popu... | What was the increase in population from 1950 to 2011? | What was the increase in population from 1950 to 2011? | [
"What was the increase in population from 1950 to 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"world population increased from 2.5 billion to 7 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102480 | 5ad3c6c6604f3c001a3ff036 | High-definition_television | In the US, residents in the line of sight of television station broadcast antennas can receive free, over the air programming with a television set with an ATSC tuner (most sets sold since 2009 have this). This is achieved with a TV aerial, just as it has been since the 1940s except now the major network signals are br... | Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from allowing what? | Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from allowing what? | [
"Laws about antennas keep home owners' associations and city government from allowing what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100807 | 572ee1b1c246551400ce4763 | Post-punk | The original post-punk movement ended as the bands associated with the movement turned away from its aesthetics, often in favor of more commercial sounds. Many of these groups would continue recording as part of the new pop movement, with entryism becoming a popular concept. In the United States, driven by MTV and mode... | What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in? | What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in? | [
"What type of music did many of the post-punk bands start indulging in?"
] | {
"text": [
"pop"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49853 | 56cd8d1a62d2951400fa66c2 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | The Information Office of the State Council of the PRC preserves an edict of the Zhengtong Emperor (r. 1435–1449) addressed to the Karmapa in 1445, written after the latter's agent had brought holy relics to the Ming court. Zhengtong had the following message delivered to the Great Treasure Prince of Dharma, the Karmap... | What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign? | What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign? | [
"What years did the Zhengtong Emperor reign?"
] | {
"text": [
"1435–1449"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29439 | 573046d4a23a5019007fd050 | Swaziland | The Swazi economy is very closely linked to the economy of South Africa, from which it receives over 90% of its imports and to which it sends about 70% of its exports. Swaziland's other key trading partners are the United States and the EU, from whom the country has received trade preferences for apparel exports (under... | What happened to Swazi exports of textiles from 2000 to 2005? | What happened to Swazi exports of textiles from 2000 to 2005? | [
"What happened to Swazi exports of textiles from 2000 to 2005?"
] | {
"text": [
"exports grew by over 200%"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88039 | 572842d74b864d1900164835 | God | Theism generally holds that God exists realistically, objectively, and independently of human thought; that God created and sustains everything; that God is omnipotent and eternal; and that God is personal and interacting with the universe through, for example, religious experience and the prayers of humans. Theism hol... | What ways can God interact with the universe? | What ways can God interact with the universe? | [
"What ways can God interact with the universe?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious experience and the prayers of humans"
],
"answer_start": [
262
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51493 | 5705e3cd52bb891400689662 | New_Delhi | Calcutta (now Kolkata) was the capital of India during the British Raj until December 1911. However, Delhi had served as the political and financial centre of several empires of ancient India and the Delhi Sultanate, most notably of the Mughal Empire from 1649 to 1857. During the early 1900s, a proposal was made to the... | What is the name of the empire for which Delhi served as the political and financial capital from 1649 to 1857? | What is the name of the empire for which Delhi served as the political and financial capital from 1649 to 1857? | [
"What is the name of the empire for which Delhi served as the political and financial capital from 1649 to 1857?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mughal Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70016 | 573055012461fd1900a9cd41 | Windows_8 | In February 2014, Bloomberg reported that Microsoft would be lowering the price of Windows 8 licenses by 70% for devices that retail under US$250; alongside the announcement that an update to the operating system would allow OEMs to produce devices with as little as 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of storage, critics felt that t... | When did Microsoft make the existence of Windows 8.1 with Bing OEM SKU official? | When did Microsoft make the existence of Windows 8.1 with Bing OEM SKU official? | [
"When did Microsoft make the existence of Windows 8.1 with Bing OEM SKU official?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 23, 2014"
],
"answer_start": [
1174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83329 | 5ad24e6bd7d075001a428c48 | Dominican_Order | During this critical period, the number of Preachers seems never to have sunk below 3,500. Statistics for 1876 show 3,748, but 500 of these had been expelled from their convents and were engaged in parochial work. Statistics for 1910 show a total of 4,472 nominally or actually engaged in proper activities of the order.... | How many students were there in the year 2001? | How many students were there in the year 2001? | [
"How many students were there in the year 2001?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32035 | 5726fa32f1498d1400e8f1a6 | Myanmar | In May 2013, Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years; the last Burmese leader to visit the White House was Ne Win in September 1966. President Barack Obama praised the former general for political and economic reforms, and the cessation of tensions between Myanmar and the Unit... | Who is the first official Burmese delegate to visit the white house following the 2010 elections in Burma ? | Who is the first official Burmese delegate to visit the white house following the 2010 elections in Burma ? | [
"Who is the first official Burmese delegate to visit the white house following the 2010 elections in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thein Sein became the first Myanmar president to visit the White House in 47 years"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108606 | 572c82d4dfb02c14005c6b8b | Tennessee | According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2015, Tennessee had an estimated population of 6,600,299, which is an increase of 50,947, from the prior year and an increase of 254,194, or 4.01%, since the year 2010. This includes a natural increase since the last census of 142,266 people (that is 493,881 births minus 351,6... | What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country? | What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country? | [
"What net population increase during Tennessee's last two US Census reports was due to immigration from outside the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"59,385"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69935 | 573047b604bcaa1900d77465 | Windows_8 | The three desktop editions of Windows 8 support 32-bit and 64-bit architectures; retail copies of Windows 8 include install DVDs for both architectures, while the online installer automatically installs the version corresponding with the architecture of the system's existing Windows installation. The 32-bit version run... | What architecture types does Windows 8 support? | What architecture types does Windows 8 support? | [
"What architecture types does Windows 8 support?"
] | {
"text": [
"32-bit and 64-bit"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100879 | 5a5e1d035bc9f4001a75ae34 | Hindu_philosophy | Scholars have debated the relationship and differences within āstika philosophies and with nāstika philosophies, starting with the writings of Indologists and Orientalists of the 18th and 19th centuries, which were themselves derived from limited availability of Indian literature and medieval doxographies. The various ... | What are the two sibling traditions? | What are the two sibling traditions? | [
"What are the two sibling traditions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25171 | 56d0071a234ae51400d9c2a5 | New_York_City | Many sports are associated with New York's immigrant communities. Stickball, a street version of baseball, was popularized by youths in the 1930s, and a street in the Bronx was renamed Stickball Boulevard in the late 2000s to memorialize this. | A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s? | A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s? | [
"A version of baseball played in city streets was nicknamed was in the 1930s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stickball"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76847 | 5725c49a89a1e219009abe3a | Dutch_language | In Dutch itself, Diets went out of common use - although Platdiets is still used for the transitional Limburgish-Ripuarian dialects in the north-east of Belgium. Nederlands, the official Dutch word for "Dutch", did not become firmly established until the 19th century. This designation had been in use as far back as the... | Dutch people didn't have an officially established word for the "Dutch" language until what century? | Dutch people didn't have an officially established word for the "Dutch" language until what century? | [
"Dutch people didn't have an officially established word for the \"Dutch\" language until what century?"
] | {
"text": [
"19th"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89032 | 56df8cfc4a1a83140091eb2e | Hunter-gatherer | As a result of the now near-universal human reliance upon agriculture, the few contemporary hunter-gatherer cultures usually live in areas unsuitable for agricultural use. | What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in? | What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in? | [
"What type of areas do modern hunter-gathers live in?"
] | {
"text": [
"unsuitable for agricultural use"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4942 | 56e11b94cd28a01900c675ce | Boston | In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Colony's first governor, John Winthrop, led the signing of the Cambridge Agreement, a key founding document of the city. Puritan ethics and their focus on education influenced its early history; America's first public school was founded in Boston in 1635. Over the next 130 years, the city... | America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year? | America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year? | [
"America's first public school was founded in Boston in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1635"
],
"answer_start": [
281
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9391 | 5a6b8ce7a9e0c9001a4e9f6d | Myocardial_infarction | Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and ... | What are the most common symptoms for men? | What are the most common symptoms for men? | [
"What are the most common symptoms for men?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56601 | 5a0f3f22decec90018475514 | Geography_of_the_United_States | Occasional severe flooding is experienced. There was the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, the Great Flood of 1993, and widespread flooding and mudslides caused by the 1982-1983 El Niño event in the western United States. Localized flooding can, however, occur anywhere, and mudslides from heavy rain can cause problems i... | The Mississippi did not flood during what year? | The Mississippi did not flood during what year? | [
"The Mississippi did not flood during what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92849 | 5acecb6932bba1001ae4b43a | Tajikistan | Tajikistan means the "Land of the Tajiks". The suffix "-stan" (Persian: ـستان -stān) is Persian for "place of" or "country" and Tajik is, most likely, the name of a pre-Islamic (before the seventh century A.D.) tribe. According to the Library of Congress's 1997 Country Study of Tajikistan, it is difficult to definiti... | According to the Library of Congress's 1987 Country Study of Tajikistan, what is difficult? | According to the Library of Congress's 1987 Country Study of Tajikistan, what is difficult? | [
"According to the Library of Congress's 1987 Country Study of Tajikistan, what is difficult?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36984 | 5725c4b6ec44d21400f3d524 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | Improved sanitation in the developing world is a global need, but a neglected priority as shown by the data collected by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP) of UNICEF and WHO. This program is tasked to monitor progress towards the Millennium Development Goal (MDG) relating to drinking w... | What country is the worst violator | What country is the worst violator | [
"What country is the worst violator"
] | {
"text": [
"India is the country with the highest number of people practicing open defecation: around 600 million people"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68781 | 572f104d03f9891900756b6d | Modern_history | The campaigns of French Emperor and General Napoleon Bonaparte characterized the Napoleonic Era. Born on Corsica as the French invaded, and dying suspiciously on the tiny British Island of St. Helena, this brilliant commander, controlled a French Empire that, at its height, ruled a large portion of Europe directly from... | Why were Europe's Empires and Kingdoms dispatched? | Why were Europe's Empires and Kingdoms dispatched? | [
"Why were Europe's Empires and Kingdoms dispatched?"
] | {
"text": [
"surge of Republicanism"
],
"answer_start": [
615
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33280 | 5ad1a59e645df0001a2d2174 | Incandescent_light_bulb | A variation of the incandescent lamp did not use a hot wire filament, but instead used an arc struck on a spherical bead electrode to produce heat. The electrode then became incandescent, with the arc contributing little to the light produced. Such lamps were used for projection or illumination for scientific instrumen... | What was not a common use for this type of bulb? | What was not a common use for this type of bulb? | [
"What was not a common use for this type of bulb?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102233 | 56f9e4999e9bad19000a0b43 | High-definition_television | In 1981, the MUSE system was demonstrated for the first time in the United States, using the same 5:3 aspect ratio as the Japanese system. Upon visiting a demonstration of MUSE in Washington, US President Ronald Reagan was impressed and officially declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US. | Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US? | Which president declared it "a matter of national interest" to introduce HDTV to the US? | [
"Which president declared it \"a matter of national interest\" to introduce HDTV to the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"President Ronald Reagan"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109247 | 572791465951b619008f8dc2 | Carnival | Carnival in Haiti started in 1804 in the capital Port-au-Prince after the declaration of independence. The Port-au-Prince Carnival is one of the largest in North America. It is known as Kanaval in the Creole language. It starts in January, known as "Pre-Kanaval", while the main carnival activities begin in February. In... | What event precipitated the Carnival starting in Haiti? | What event precipitated the Carnival starting in Haiti? | [
"What event precipitated the Carnival starting in Haiti?"
] | {
"text": [
"declaration of independence"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33752 | 5a67c170f038b7001ab0c450 | Film_speed | Digital cameras have far surpassed film in terms of sensitivity to light, with ISO equivalent speeds of up to 409,600, a number that is unfathomable in the realm of conventional film photography. Faster processors, as well as advances in software noise reduction techniques allow this type of processing to be executed t... | What, besides a faster processor, prevents processing from happening when a photo is taken? | What, besides a faster processor, prevents processing from happening when a photo is taken? | [
"What, besides a faster processor, prevents processing from happening when a photo is taken?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30996 | 5726cb515951b619008f7e4e | Mexico_City | The National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), located in Mexico City, is the largest university on the continent, with more than 300,000 students from all backgrounds. Three Nobel laureates, several Mexican entrepreneurs and most of Mexico's modern-day presidents are among its former students. UNAM conducts 50% ... | What worldwide ranking does UNAM hold? | What worldwide ranking does UNAM hold? | [
"What worldwide ranking does UNAM hold?"
] | {
"text": [
"74th"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19197 | 5ad0e777645df0001a2d0800 | Premier_League | At the inception of the Premier League in 1992–93, just eleven players named in the starting line-ups for the first round of matches hailed from outside of the United Kingdom or Ireland. By 2000–01, the number of foreign players participating in the Premier League was 36 per cent of the total. In the 2004–05 season the... | How many players were from the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created? | How many players were from the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created? | [
"How many players were from the UK or Ireland when the Premier League was created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69350 | 570a83e04103511400d597e7 | Houston | Houston was the headquarters of Continental Airlines until its 2010 merger with United Airlines with headquarters in Chicago; regulatory approval for the merger was granted in October of that year. Bush Intercontinental became United Airlines' largest airline hub. The airline retained a significant operational presence... | How many daily flights did United Airlines offer from Houston? | How many daily flights did United Airlines offer from Houston? | [
"How many daily flights did United Airlines offer from Houston?"
] | {
"text": [
"700"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45118 | 5ace37ff32bba1001ae49ef9 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In August 2004, Sony entered joint venture with equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment. However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger. | ABC Japan was made part of what? | ABC Japan was made part of what? | [
"ABC Japan was made part of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78053 | 57281bdaff5b5019007d9d62 | Strasbourg | Unlike most other cities, Strasbourg's collections of European art are divided into several museums according not only to type and area, but also to epoch. Old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories and until 1681 are displayed in the Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame, old master paintings from all the rest o... | Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held? | Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held? | [
"Where are old master paintings from the Germanic Rhenish territories until 1681 held? "
] | {
"text": [
"Musée de l'Œuvre Notre-Dame"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67529 | 57269af1f1498d1400e8e4b9 | Norfolk_Island | Norfolk Island was colonised by East Polynesians but was long unpeopled when it was settled by Great Britain as part of its settlement of Australia from 1788. The island served as a convict penal settlement from 6 March 1788 until 5 May 1855, except for an 11-year hiatus between 15 February 1814 and 6 June 1825, when i... | Where did the first permanent civilians of Norfolk Island settle from in 1856? | Where did the first permanent civilians of Norfolk Island settle from in 1856? | [
"Where did the first permanent civilians of Norfolk Island settle from in 1856?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pitcairn Island"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33574 | 56f978fb9b226e1400dd1487 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | The many institutions on 187th Street include Mount Sinai Jewish Center, the Dombrov Shtiebel, and the uptown campus of Yeshiva University. The local public elementary school P.S. 187 is located on Cabrini Boulevard, just north of the eponymous 187th Street | Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street? | Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street? | [
"Cabrini Boulevard is just north of what street?"
] | {
"text": [
"187th Street"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71189 | 5acf619577cf76001a684cf6 | University_of_Kansas | KU football dates from 1890, and has played in the Orange Bowl three times: 1948, 1968, and 2008. They are currently coached by David Beaty, who was hired in 2014. In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory ... | Who is the former coach of KU's football program? | Who is the former coach of KU's football program? | [
"Who is the former coach of KU's football program?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44680 | 56f8981f9b226e1400dd0c78 | Gene | The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word γένος (génos) meaning "race, offspring". Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905. | What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean? | What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean? | [
"What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"race, offspring\""
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20288 | 572927efaf94a219006aa11a | Glass | Glass is in widespread use largely due to the production of glass compositions that are transparent to visible light. In contrast, polycrystalline materials do not generally transmit visible light. The individual crystallites may be transparent, but their facets (grain boundaries) reflect or scatter light resulting in ... | What type of glass absorbs some light? | What type of glass absorbs some light? | [
"What type of glass absorbs some light?"
] | {
"text": [
"colored"
],
"answer_start": [
878
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2402 | 56d1ece4e7d4791d00902589 | Buddhism | Bodhi (Pāli and Sanskrit, in devanagari: बॊधि) is a term applied to the experience of Awakening of arahants. Bodhi literally means "awakening", but it is more commonly translated into English as "enlightenment". In Early Buddhism, bodhi carried a meaning synonymous to nirvana, using only some different metaphors to des... | What is the term for greed or craving? | What is the term for greed or craving? | [
"What is the term for greed or craving?"
] | {
"text": [
"raga"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93565 | 5728a9eeff5b5019007da3e6 | Estonia | The Reformation in Europe officially began in 1517 with Martin Luther (1483–1546) and his 95 Theses. The Reformation greatly changed the Baltic region. Its ideas came quickly to the Livonian Confederation and by the 1520s were widespread. Language, education, religion and politics were transformed. Church services were... | What was the previous language of the church? | What was the previous language of the church? | [
"What was the previous language of the church?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latin"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109972 | 57100ee5a58dae1900cd683a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In the 2010s, American jurisdictions have experienced a shortage of lethal injection drugs, due to anti-death penalty advocacy and low production volume. Hospira, the only U.S. manufacturer of sodium thiopental, stopped making the drug in 2011. The European Union has outlawed the export of any product that could be use... | The EU outlawed the export of products that could be used in what activity? | The EU outlawed the export of products that could be used in what activity? | [
"The EU outlawed the export of products that could be used in what activity?"
] | {
"text": [
"execution"
],
"answer_start": [
328
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60070 | 5acfc5ba77cf76001a685e52 | Zhejiang | Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of ... | A minority of the population educated since what year can speak Mandarin? | A minority of the population educated since what year can speak Mandarin? | [
"A minority of the population educated since what year can speak Mandarin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20610 | 56cfb3e3234ae51400d9be9d | IPod | Beginning in mid-2007, four major airlines, United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates, reached agreements to install iPod seat connections. The free service will allow passengers to power and charge an iPod, and view video and music libraries on individual seat-back displays. Originally KLM and Air France were reported ... | Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods? | Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods? | [
"Which airlines first agreed to install seat connections for iPods?"
] | {
"text": [
"United, Continental, Delta, and Emirates"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87712 | 5a69073b8476ee001a58a9dd | IBM | Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. I... | How long did it take for Nintendo to develop the PowerPC tri-core processor? | How long did it take for Nintendo to develop the PowerPC tri-core processor? | [
"How long did it take for Nintendo to develop the PowerPC tri-core processor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3386 | 5a519a6bb308da001a5a231f | Southeast_Asia | In the 11th century, a turbulent period occurred in the history of Maritime Southeast Asia. The Indian Chola navy crossed the ocean and attacked the Srivijaya kingdom of Sangrama Vijayatungavarman in Kadaram (Kedah), the capital of the powerful maritime kingdom was sacked and the king was taken captive. Along with Kada... | What happened to the king of Chola? | What happened to the king of Chola? | [
"What happened to the king of Chola?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25064 | 56d1053c17492d1400aab74b | New_York_City | The most well-known hospital in the HHC system is Bellevue Hospital, the oldest public hospital in the United States. Bellevue is the designated hospital for treatment of the President of the United States and other world leaders if they become sick or injured while in New York City. The president of HHC is Ramanathan ... | In what state did the president of HHC previously work? | In what state did the president of HHC previously work? | [
"In what state did the president of HHC previously work?"
] | {
"text": [
"Illinois"
],
"answer_start": [
391
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57263 | 572ff1df947a6a140053ce4b | Muslim_world | A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, re... | Who wrote Robinson Crusoe? | Who wrote Robinson Crusoe? | [
"Who wrote Robinson Crusoe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Daniel Defoe"
],
"answer_start": [
279
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38379 | 572a3764af94a219006aa8b5 | Neolithic | Neolithic peoples in the Levant, Anatolia, Syria, northern Mesopotamia and Central Asia were also accomplished builders, utilizing mud-brick to construct houses and villages. At Çatal höyük, houses were plastered and painted with elaborate scenes of humans and animals. In Europe, long houses built from wattle and daub ... | What were European homes constructed from? | What were European homes constructed from? | [
"What were European homes constructed from?"
] | {
"text": [
"wattle and daub"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86028 | 573003ad04bcaa1900d7700c | Tucson,_Arizona | As one of the oldest parts of town, Central Tucson is anchored by the Broadway Village shopping center designed by local architect Josias Joesler at the intersection of Broadway Boulevard and Country Club Road. The 4th Avenue Shopping District between downtown and the University and the Lost Barrio just East of downtow... | Which part of Tuscon is Broadway Village shopping center located in? | Which part of Tuscon is Broadway Village shopping center located in? | [
"Which part of Tuscon is Broadway Village shopping center located in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Central"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115054 | 56ddcf4166d3e219004dacf9 | Wayback_Machine | There are technical limitations to archiving a web site, and as a consequence, it is possible for opposing parties in litigation to misuse the results provided by web site archives. This problem can be exacerbated by the practice of submitting screen shots of web pages in complaints, answers, or expert witness reports,... | What elements of webpages are not used by Wayback Machine? | What elements of webpages are not used by Wayback Machine? | [
"What elements of webpages are not used by Wayback Machine?"
] | {
"text": [
"forms"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18272 | 5ad0d8bf645df0001a2d06a7 | Eritrea | Additionally, owing to its colonial history, cuisine in Eritrea features more Italian influences than are present in Ethiopian cooking, including more pasta and greater use of curry powders and cumin.The Italian Eritrean cuisine started to be practiced during the colonial times of the Kingdom of Italy, when a large num... | What is a common dish in Ethiopia? | What is a common dish in Ethiopia? | [
"What is a common dish in Ethiopia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18578 | 5726e11bf1498d1400e8ee76 | Nigeria | Nigeria has a varied landscape. The far south is defined by its tropical rainforest climate, where annual rainfall is 60 to 80 inches (1,500 to 2,000 mm) a year. In the southeast stands the Obudu Plateau. Coastal plains are found in both the southwest and the southeast. This forest zone's most southerly portion is defi... | How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year? | How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year? | [
"How many inches of rain does southern Nigeria get each year?"
] | {
"text": [
"60 to 80 inches"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115436 | 56eaaabc0030b61400a3501e | Political_corruption | Thomas Jefferson observed a tendency for "The functionaries of every government ... to command at will the liberty and property of their constituents. There is no safe deposit [for liberty and property] ... without information. Where the press is free, and every man able to read, all is safe." | According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what? | According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what? | [
"According to Thomas Jefferson, when the media is free and people are literate they are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"safe"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34031 | 5ad40d44604f3c001a4000c1 | Alaska | Alaska has vast energy resources, although its oil reserves have been largely depleted. Major oil and gas reserves were found in the Alaska North Slope (ANS) and Cook Inlet basins, but according to the Energy Information Administration, by February 2014 Alaska had fallen to fourth place in the nation in crude oil produ... | Which area in Alaska is the nation's third highest-yielding oil field? | Which area in Alaska is the nation's third highest-yielding oil field? | [
"Which area in Alaska is the nation's third highest-yielding oil field?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66995 | 5726b33af1498d1400e8e7ef | Nutrition | In 1816, François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates (sugar), fat (olive oil), and water died evidently of starvation, but dogs also fed protein survived, identifying protein as an essential dietary component. William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and prot... | Who first began dividing foods into categories? | Who first began dividing foods into categories? | [
"Who first began dividing foods into categories?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Prout"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18305 | 5ad0d964645df0001a2d06bc | Eritrea | Eritrea's ethnic groups each have their own styles of music and accompanying dances. Amongst the Tigrinya, the best known traditional musical genre is the guaila. Traditional instruments of Eritrean folk music include the stringed krar, kebero, begena, masenqo and the wata (a distant/rudimentary cousin of the violin). ... | What musical instrument does Ruth Abraha play? | What musical instrument does Ruth Abraha play? | [
"What musical instrument does Ruth Abraha play?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68540 | 570acc2d4103511400d59a0c | Mesozoic | The climate of the Cretaceous is less certain and more widely disputed. Higher levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are thought to have caused the world temperature gradient from north to south to become almost flat: temperatures were about the same across the planet. Average temperatures were also higher than to... | What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become? | What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become? | [
"What did large amounts of deposited un-decomposed organic matter later become?"
] | {
"text": [
"black shale"
],
"answer_start": [
819
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48120 | 56f9f2568f12f3190063000b | Wood | In grading lumber and structural timber, knots are classified according to their form, size, soundness, and the firmness with which they are held in place. This firmness is affected by, among other factors, the length of time for which the branch was dead while the attaching stem continued to grow. | What's the process in which knots are classified called? | What's the process in which knots are classified called? | [
"What's the process in which knots are classified called?"
] | {
"text": [
"grading"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34258 | 5ad4162b604f3c001a40033a | Alaska | One of the most prominent movies filmed in Alaska is MGM's Eskimo/Mala The Magnificent, starring Alaska Native Ray Mala. In 1932 an expedition set out from MGM's studios in Hollywood to Alaska to film what was then billed as "The Biggest Picture Ever Made." Upon arriving in Alaska, they set up "Camp Hollywood" in North... | In what area of Alaska was Camp Alaska located? | In what area of Alaska was Camp Alaska located? | [
"In what area of Alaska was Camp Alaska located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97421 | 56cc13956d243a140015ee9e | Frédéric_Chopin | Chopin's relations with Sand were soured in 1846 by problems involving her daughter Solange and Solange's fiancé, the young fortune-hunting sculptor Auguste Clésinger. The composer frequently took Solange's side in quarrels with her mother; he also faced jealousy from Sand's son Maurice. Chopin was utterly indifferent ... | What did Sand begin referring to Chopin as as his illness got worse? | What did Sand begin referring to Chopin as as his illness got worse? | [
"What did Sand begin referring to Chopin as as his illness got worse?"
] | {
"text": [
"third child"
],
"answer_start": [
535
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23671 | 5acf9d1e77cf76001a6854f9 | Federalism | In Brazil, the fall of the monarchy in 1889 by a military coup d'état led to the rise of the presidential system, headed by Deodoro da Fonseca. Aided by well-known jurist Ruy Barbosa, Fonseca established federalism in Brazil by decree, but this system of government would be confirmed by every Brazilian constitution sin... | Who didn't cause the fall of the monarchy that happened in Brazil? | Who didn't cause the fall of the monarchy that happened in Brazil? | [
"Who didn't cause the fall of the monarchy that happened in Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49297 | 5727ae4dff5b5019007d9272 | Tuberculosis | Treatment of TB uses antibiotics to kill the bacteria. Effective TB treatment is difficult, due to the unusual structure and chemical composition of the mycobacterial cell wall, which hinders the entry of drugs and makes many antibiotics ineffective. The two antibiotics most commonly used are isoniazid and rifampicin, ... | What complication does the use of combinations of antibiotics for active TB prevent? | What complication does the use of combinations of antibiotics for active TB prevent? | [
"What complication does the use of combinations of antibiotics for active TB prevent?"
] | {
"text": [
"antibiotic resistance"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85290 | 572794ac5951b619008f8e0e | Supreme_court | In most nations with constitutions modelled after the Soviet Union, the legislature was given the power of being the court of last resort. In the People's Republic of China, the final power to interpret the law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC). This power includes the power ... | Hong Kong's legal system was traditionally based on what? | Hong Kong's legal system was traditionally based on what? | [
"Hong Kong's legal system was traditionally based on what?"
] | {
"text": [
"common law"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45728 | 5ace1d3b32bba1001ae49b0f | YouTube | All YouTube users can upload videos up to 15 minutes each in duration. Users who have a good track record of complying with the site's Community Guidelines may be offered the ability to upload videos up to 12 hours in length, which requires verifying the account, normally through a mobile phone. When YouTube was launch... | Who can upload videos of 12 minutes in duration? | Who can upload videos of 12 minutes in duration? | [
"Who can upload videos of 12 minutes in duration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30127 | 5726acc95951b619008f79c1 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh is home to numerous cultural, educational, and historic sites. The Duke Energy Center for the Performing Arts in Downtown Raleigh features three theater venues and serves as the home for the North Carolina Symphony and the Carolina Ballet. Walnut Creek Amphitheatre is a large music amphitheater located in South... | What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh? | What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh? | [
"What is the name of the amphitheater in Raleigh?"
] | {
"text": [
"Walnut Creek Amphitheatre"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110877 | 57303a86b2c2fd1400568aa4 | Iran | Iranian cuisine is diverse due to its variety of ethnic groups and the influence of other cultures. Herbs are frequently used along with fruits such as plums, pomegranates, quince, prunes, apricots, and raisins. Iranians usually eat plain yogurt with lunch and dinner; it is a staple of the diet in Iran. To achieve a ba... | Why is Iranian cuisine so diverse besides being influenced by other cultures? | Why is Iranian cuisine so diverse besides being influenced by other cultures? | [
"Why is Iranian cuisine so diverse besides being influenced by other cultures?"
] | {
"text": [
"its variety of ethnic groups"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91733 | 5727626b708984140094dcc8 | Botany | Epigenetic changes in eukaryotic biology serve to regulate the process of cellular differentiation. During morphogenesis, totipotent stem cells become the various pluripotent cell lines of the embryo, which in turn become fully differentiated cells. A single fertilized egg cell, the zygote, gives rise to the many diffe... | What is the original cell of the plant? | What is the original cell of the plant? | [
"What is the original cell of the plant?"
] | {
"text": [
"the zygote"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90622 | 572fd2e7947a6a140053cd0f | Pacific_War | In the early hours of 7 December (Hawaiian time), Japan launched a major surprise carrier-based air strike on Pearl Harbor without explicit warning, which crippled the U.S. Pacific Fleet, leaving eight American battleships out of action, 188 American aircraft destroyed, and 2,403 American citizens dead. At the time of ... | Why did Japan attack America? | Why did Japan attack America? | [
"Why did Japan attack America?"
] | {
"text": [
"allow Japan free rein in Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
661
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85017 | 5a284d65d1a287001a6d0b33 | Mali | Mali's constitution provides for an independent judiciary, but the executive continues to exercise influence over the judiciary by virtue of power to appoint judges and oversee both judicial functions and law enforcement. Mali's highest courts are the Supreme Court, which has both judicial and administrative powers, an... | What does the Supreme Court enforce? | What does the Supreme Court enforce? | [
"What does the Supreme Court enforce?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78123 | 5acd751c07355d001abf4342 | Strasbourg | At present the A35 autoroute, which parallels the Rhine between Karlsruhe and Basel, and the A4 autoroute, which links Paris with Strasbourg, penetrate close to the centre of the city. The Grand contournement ouest (GCO) project, programmed since 1999, plans to construct a 24 km (15 mi) long highway connection between ... | When was the A35 autoroute built? | When was the A35 autoroute built? | [
"When was the A35 autoroute built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63531 | 5a7a523f17ab25001a8a0509 | Buckingham_Palace | Thus, Buckingham Palace is a symbol and home of the British monarchy, an art gallery and a tourist attraction. Behind the gilded railings and gates which were completed by the Bromsgrove Guild in 1911 and Webb's famous façade, which has been described in a book published by the Royal Collection as looking "like everybo... | How many people were fired from Buckingham Palace? | How many people were fired from Buckingham Palace? | [
"How many people were fired from Buckingham Palace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10758 | 56fde3d4761e401900d28c43 | Computer | Colossus was the world's first electronic digital programmable computer. It used a large number of valves (vacuum tubes). It had paper-tape input and was capable of being configured to perform a variety of boolean logical operations on its data, but it was not Turing-complete. Nine Mk II Colossi were built (The Mk I wa... | How many tubes did Colossus Mark II contain? | How many tubes did Colossus Mark II contain? | [
"How many tubes did Colossus Mark II contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"2400"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62161 | 57267fc85951b619008f74d2 | Chicago_Cubs | Hack Wilson set a record of 56 home-runs and 190 runs-batted-in in 1930, breaking Lou Gehrig's MLB record of 176 RBI. (In 1999, a long-lost extra RBI mistakenly credited to Charlie Grimm had been found by Cooperstown researcher Cliff Kachline and verified by historian Jerome Holtzman, increasing the record number to 19... | What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America? | What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America? | [
"What was Wilson named by the Baseball Writer's Association of America? "
] | {
"text": [
"\"Most Useful\" player"
],
"answer_start": [
728
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96214 | 5728d0f4ff5b5019007da732 | Paris | The security of Paris is mainly the responsibility of the Prefecture of Police of Paris, a subdivision of the Ministry of the Interior of France. It supervises the units of the National Police who patrol the city and the three neighbouring departments. It is also responsible for providing emergency services, including ... | How many vehicles are in the fleet? | How many vehicles are in the fleet? | [
"How many vehicles are in the fleet?"
] | {
"text": [
"6,000"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90618 | 5731d0ebe99e3014001e62e7 | Pacific_War | The Japanese leadership was aware that a total military victory in a traditional sense against the USA was impossible; the alternative would be negotiating for peace after their initial victories, which would recognize Japanese hegemony in Asia. In fact, the Imperial GHQ noted, should acceptable negotiations be reached... | What was the conduct of the war against the United States based on? | What was the conduct of the war against the United States based on? | [
"What was the conduct of the war against the United States based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"historical experiences"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37366 | 5727b3c24b864d1900163ac2 | Switzerland | Aside from the official forms of their respective languages, the four linguistic regions of Switzerland also have their local dialectal forms. The role played by dialects in each linguistic region varies dramatically: in the German-speaking regions, Swiss German dialects have become ever more prevalent since the second... | How many linguistic regions of Switzerland have their own form of local dialect? | How many linguistic regions of Switzerland have their own form of local dialect? | [
"How many linguistic regions of Switzerland have their own form of local dialect?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54325 | 56df00f83277331400b4d890 | Christian | The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;" Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly c... | Which non-religious piece of literature had the term Christian in it towards the end of the first century? | Which non-religious piece of literature had the term Christian in it towards the end of the first century? | [
"Which non-religious piece of literature had the term Christian in it towards the end of the first century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tacitus"
],
"answer_start": [
195
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28259 | 5731c386e17f3d14004223a1 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy... | When was 'Bridge of Spies' set? | When was 'Bridge of Spies' set? | [
"When was 'Bridge of Spies' set?"
] | {
"text": [
"1960"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67973 | 5730235ba23a5019007fce27 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | As Charles Town grew, so did the community's cultural and social opportunities, especially for the elite merchants and planters. The first theatre building in America was built in 1736 on the site of today's Dock Street Theatre. Benevolent societies were formed by different ethnic groups, from French Huguenots to free ... | What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood? | What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood? | [
"What is located where the first theatre building in Charles Town once stood?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dock Street Theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89151 | 56dfb76d231d4119001abcdf | Hunter-gatherer | Hunting-gathering was the common human mode of subsistence throughout the Paleolithic, but the observation of current-day hunters and gatherers does not necessarily reflect Paleolithic societies; the hunter-gatherer cultures examined today have had much contact with modern civilization and do not represent "pristine" c... | What type of conditions are not present in modern societies? | What type of conditions are not present in modern societies? | [
"What type of conditions are not present in modern societies?"
] | {
"text": [
"pristine"
],
"answer_start": [
309
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9097 | 573253fa0fdd8d15006c69b5 | The_Bronx | In 1997, the Bronx was designated an All America City by the National Civic League, acknowledging its comeback from the decline of the mid-century. In 2006, The New York Times reported that "construction cranes have become the borough's new visual metaphor, replacing the window decals of the 1980s in which pictures of ... | How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s? | How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s? | [
"How were window decals used in the Bronx in the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
"pictures of potted plants and drawn curtains were placed in the windows of abandoned buildings"
],
"answer_start": [
308
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57467 | 572e9f6ddfa6aa1500f8d20f | Quran | The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qaraʼa (قرأ), meaning "he read" or "he recited". The Syriac equivalent is (ܩܪܝܢܐ) qeryānā, which refers to "scripture reading" or "lesson". While some Western scholars consider the word... | The words from which the name "Quran" might be described are related to which act? | The words from which the name "Quran" might be described are related to which act? | [
"The words from which the name \"Quran\" might be described are related to which act?"
] | {
"text": [
"reciting"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98224 | 56f8821eaef237190062613f | Alps | Under extreme compressive stresses and pressure, marine sedimentary rocks were uplifted, creating characteristic recumbent folds, or nappes, and thrust faults. As the rising peaks underwent erosion, a layer of marine flysch sediments was deposited in the foreland basin, and the sediments became involved in younger napp... | Switzerland and Bavaria saw a further upthrusting of what? | Switzerland and Bavaria saw a further upthrusting of what? | [
"Switzerland and Bavaria saw a further upthrusting of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"flysch"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14945 | 5ad3d723604f3c001a3ff334 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Whitehead also described religion more technically as "an ultimate craving to infuse into the insistent particularity of emotion that non-temporal generality which primarily belongs to conceptual thought alone." In other words, religion takes deeply felt emotions and contextualizes them within a system of general truth... | What did Whitehead believe religion did with weak emotions? | What did Whitehead believe religion did with weak emotions? | [
" What did Whitehead believe religion did with weak emotions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83374 | 5ad251e0d7d075001a428cf2 | Dominican_Order | The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning contin... | What order was first developed on the Asian continent? | What order was first developed on the Asian continent? | [
"What order was first developed on the Asian continent?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115842 | 572e7ea2c246551400ce424e | Richard_Feynman | Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, Queens also attended by fellow Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Blumberg. Upon starting high school, Feynman was quickly promoted into a higher math class. An unspecified school-administered IQ test estimated his IQ at 123—high, but "m... | What burrough was Feynman's high school in? | What burrough was Feynman's high school in? | [
"What burrough was Feynman's high school in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queens"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11408 | 5727884e708984140094e02a | North_Carolina | On April 12, 1776, the colony became the first to instruct its delegates to the Continental Congress to vote for independence from the British Crown, through the Halifax Resolves passed by the North Carolina Provincial Congress. The dates of both of these events are memorialized on the state flag and state seal. Throug... | How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain? | How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain? | [
"How many North Carolina mountain men fought at King's Mountain?"
] | {
"text": [
"1000"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57333 | 572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc1f | Muslim_world | Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese ... | What was the windmill used for? | What was the windmill used for? | [
"What was the windmill used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"irrigation and farming"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84737 | 573023d8b2c2fd140056893b | San_Diego | The San Diego Surf of the American Basketball Association is located in the city. The annual Farmers Insurance Open golf tournament (formerly the Buick Invitational) on the PGA Tour occurs at Torrey Pines Golf Course. This course was also the site of the 2008 U.S. Open Golf Championship. The San Diego Yacht Club hosted... | What tournament used to be known as the Buick Invitational? | What tournament used to be known as the Buick Invitational? | [
"What tournament used to be known as the Buick Invitational?"
] | {
"text": [
"Farmers Insurance Open"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107772 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c0 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | What army left Damascus? | What army left Damascus? | [
"What army left Damascus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75049 | 572ed1e0dfa6aa1500f8d40a | Elevator | In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high curre... | Once the passengers have exited, what happens? | Once the passengers have exited, what happens? | [
"Once the passengers have exited, what happens?"
] | {
"text": [
"The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch"
],
"answer_start": [
142
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36083 | 57271a2e708984140094d9c4 | Comcast | In 1996, Comcast bought a controlling stake in Spectacor from the company's founder, Ed Snider. Comcast-Spectacor holdings now include the Philadelphia Flyers NHL hockey team, the Philadelphia 76ers National Basketball Association basketball team and two large multipurpose arenas in Philadelphia. Over a number of years... | What was the second name NBCSN was known as? | What was the second name NBCSN was known as? | [
"What was the second name NBCSN was known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Versus"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67990 | 5730261da23a5019007fce6f | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran... | In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne? | In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne? | [
"In what year did General Clinton return to Charles Towne?"
] | {
"text": [
"1780"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89853 | 5726871ff1498d1400e8e2d2 | Somerset | Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills such as the Blackdown Hills, Mendip Hills, Quantock Hills and Exmoor National Park, and large flat expanses of land including the Somerset Levels. There is evidence of human occupation from Paleolithic times, and of subsequent settlement in the Roman and Anglo-Saxon periods. ... | What type of region is somerset | What type of region is somerset | [
"What type of region is somerset"
] | {
"text": [
"Somerset is a rural county of rolling hills"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13165 | 56dd1e8366d3e219004dabda | Republic_of_the_Congo | According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers. | What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans? | What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans? | [
"What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?"
] | {
"text": [
"22.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109937 | 5710088bb654c5140001f76e | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | In what month and year was Juan Garza executed? | In what month and year was Juan Garza executed? | [
"In what month and year was Juan Garza executed?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 2001"
],
"answer_start": [
747
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.