gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-72909 | 570fe7a580d9841400ab370d | Dell | Dell previously had its headquarters in the Arboretum complex in northern Austin, Texas. In 1989 Dell occupied 127,000 square feet (11,800 m2) in the Arboretum complex. In 1990, Dell had 1,200 employees in its headquarters. In 1993, Dell submitted a document to Round Rock officials, titled "Dell Computer Corporate Head... | What Texas city was Dell's headquarters previously in? | What Texas city was Dell's headquarters previously in? | [
"What Texas city was Dell's headquarters previously in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austin"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111239 | 5731af92e99e3014001e61c8 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Sacrifice to deities of the heavens (di superi, "gods above") was performed in daylight, and under the public gaze. Deities of the upper heavens required white, infertile victims of their own sex: Juno a white heifer (possibly a white cow); Jupiter a white, castrated ox (bos mas) for the annual oath-taking by the consu... | When did the sacrifices to the deities of the heavens occur? | When did the sacrifices to the deities of the heavens occur? | [
"When did the sacrifices to the deities of the heavens occur? "
] | {
"text": [
"daylight"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112199 | 57290f651d04691400778fff | Race_(human_categorization) | Patterns such as those seen in human physical and genetic variation as described above, have led to the consequence that the number and geographic location of any described races is highly dependent on the importance attributed to, and quantity of, the traits considered. Scientists discovered a skin-lighting mutation t... | What partially accounts for the appearance of light skin in humans? | What partially accounts for the appearance of light skin in humans? | [
"What partially accounts for the appearance of light skin in humans?"
] | {
"text": [
"mutation"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37096 | 5726a7ef708984140094cd0b | Switzerland | The establishment of the Swiss Confederation is traditionally dated to 1 August 1291, which is celebrated annually as the Swiss National Day. The country has a long history of armed neutrality—it has not been in a state of war internationally since 1815—and did not join the United Nations until 2002. Nevertheless, it p... | What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year? | What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year? | [
"What Swiss holiday is celebrated on August 1st every year?"
] | {
"text": [
"Swiss National Day"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7468 | 5a8c3316fd22b3001a8d8642 | Database | As computers grew in speed and capability, a number of general-purpose database systems emerged; by the mid-1960s a number of such systems had come into commercial use. Interest in a standard began to grow, and Charles Bachman, author of one such product, the Integrated Data Store (IDS), founded the "Database Task Grou... | When was the standard taken away? | When was the standard taken away? | [
"When was the standard taken away?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-732 | 56df6d765ca0a614008f9a0d | Plymouth | Plymouth has a post-war shopping area in the city centre with substantial pedestrianisation. At the west end of the zone inside a grade II listed building is the Pannier Market that was completed in 1959 – pannier meaning "basket" from French, so it translates as "basket market". In terms of retail floorspace, Plymouth... | What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building? | What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building? | [
"What notable shop is located in a grade II listed building?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pannier Market"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35129 | 5a8cde4cfd22b3001a8d8f78 | Memory | Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to ... | What is the hippocampus's relationship to speech? | What is the hippocampus's relationship to speech? | [
"What is the hippocampus's relationship to speech?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114341 | 5726b605708984140094ce9d | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | On 28 January 2012, police arrested four current and former staff members of The Sun, as part of a probe in which journalists paid police officers for information; a police officer was also arrested in the probe. The Sun staffers arrested were crime editor Mike Sullivan, head of news Chris Pharo, former deputy editor F... | What role had Graham Dudman taken after serving as The Sun managing editor? | What role had Graham Dudman taken after serving as The Sun managing editor? | [
"What role had Graham Dudman taken after serving as The Sun managing editor?"
] | {
"text": [
"columnist and media writer"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113449 | 5a87ad601d3cee001a6a12d2 | Vacuum | Ion gauges are used in ultrahigh vacuum. They come in two types: hot cathode and cold cathode. In the hot cathode version an electrically heated filament produces an electron beam. The electrons travel through the gauge and ionize gas molecules around them. The resulting ions are collected at a negative electrode. The ... | What is the nature of electrically heated filaments at high vacuums? | What is the nature of electrically heated filaments at high vacuums? | [
"What is the nature of electrically heated filaments at high vacuums?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43931 | 56cf796e4df3c31400b0d805 | Kanye_West | On December 3, 2013, Adidas officially confirmed a new shoe collaboration deal with West. After months of anticipation and rumors, West confirmed the release of the Adidas Yeezy Boosts with a Twitter announcement directing fans to the domain yeezy.supply. In 2015, West unveiled his Yeezy Season clothing line, premierin... | What brand struck a deal with Kanye and sparked a new clothing line? | What brand struck a deal with Kanye and sparked a new clothing line? | [
"What brand struck a deal with Kanye and sparked a new clothing line?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adidas"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102183 | 56f9dccf9e9bad19000a0b24 | High-definition_television | There were four major HDTV systems tested by SMPTE in the late 1970s, and in 1979 an SMPTE study group released A Study of High Definition Television Systems: | Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's? | Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's? | [
"Who tested the four major HDTV systems in the late 1970's?"
] | {
"text": [
"SMPTE"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112013 | 5727c69b4b864d1900163cee | On_the_Origin_of_Species | Later chapters provide evidence that evolution has occurred, supporting the idea of branching, adaptive evolution without directly proving that selection is the mechanism. Darwin presents supporting facts drawn from many disciplines, showing that his theory could explain a myriad of observations from many fields of nat... | What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause? | What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause? | [
"What are the three things John Herschel maintains need to be shown to allow for a mechanism be called a true cause?"
] | {
"text": [
"its existence in nature, its ability to produce the effects of interest, and its ability to explain a wide range of observations"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57097 | 5728d4442ca10214002da8d2 | Apollo | A non-Greek origin of Apollo has long been assumed in scholarship. The name of Apollo's mother Leto has Lydian origin, and she was worshipped on the coasts of Asia Minor. The inspiration oracular cult was probably introduced into Greece from Anatolia, which is the origin of Sibyl, and where existed some of the oldest o... | Where was Leto worshipped? | Where was Leto worshipped? | [
"Where was Leto worshipped?"
] | {
"text": [
"Asia Minor"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71543 | 5727e7144b864d1900163fa5 | Oklahoma | Following the 2000 census, the Oklahoma delegation to the U.S. House of Representatives was reduced from six to five representatives, each serving one congressional district. For the 112th Congress (2011–2013), there were no changes in party strength, and the delegation included four Republicans and one Democrat. In th... | Who are Oklahoma's US Senators? | Who are Oklahoma's US Senators? | [
"Who are Oklahoma's US Senators?"
] | {
"text": [
"Jim Inhofe and Tom Coburn"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38798 | 570c9048b3d812140066d227 | FC_Barcelona | After the construction was complete there was no further room for expansion at Les Corts. Back-to-back La Liga titles in 1948 and 1949 and the signing of László Kubala in June 1950, who would later go on to score 196 goals in 256 matches, drew larger crowds to the games. The club began to make plans for a new stadium. ... | How many goals did Laszlo Kubala score in 256 matches? | How many goals did Laszlo Kubala score in 256 matches? | [
"How many goals did Laszlo Kubala score in 256 matches?"
] | {
"text": [
"196"
],
"answer_start": [
213
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113124 | 570dc39016d0071400510d59 | Adolescence | Drinking habits and the motives behind them often reflect certain aspects of an individual's personality; in fact, four dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of personality demonstrate associations with drinking motives (all but 'Openness'). Greater enhancement motives for alcohol consumption tend to reflect high levels ... | Which of the Five-Factor Model dimensions does not demonstrate an association with drinking motives? | Which of the Five-Factor Model dimensions does not demonstrate an association with drinking motives? | [
"Which of the Five-Factor Model dimensions does not demonstrate an association with drinking motives?"
] | {
"text": [
"Openness"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106700 | 5a8469077cf838001a46a7f2 | East_India_Company | With the gradual weakening of the Marathas in the aftermath of the three Anglo-Maratha wars, the British also secured the Ganges-Jumna Doab, the Delhi-Agra region, parts of Bundelkhand, Broach, some districts of Gujarat, the fort of Ahmmadnagar, province of Cuttack (which included Mughalbandi/the coastal part of Odisha... | How many Anglo Maratha parties were there? | How many Anglo Maratha parties were there? | [
"How many Anglo Maratha parties were there?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94298 | 5a5d6b095e8782001a9d5efb | Cork_(city) | Cork City is at the heart of industry in the south of Ireland. Its main area of industry is pharmaceuticals, with Pfizer Inc. and Swiss company Novartis being big employers in the region. The most famous product of the Cork pharmaceutical industry is Viagra. Cork is also the European headquarters of Apple Inc. where ov... | What are the 2 main pharmaceutical companies in Switzerland? | What are the 2 main pharmaceutical companies in Switzerland? | [
"What are the 2 main pharmaceutical companies in Switzerland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11916 | 56e1483acd28a01900c67731 | Universal_Studios | On March 15, 1915,:8 Laemmle opened the world's largest motion picture production facility, Universal City Studios, on a 230-acre (0.9-km²) converted farm just over the Cahuenga Pass from Hollywood. Studio management became the third facet of Universal's operations, with the studio incorporated as a distinct subsidiary... | On what date did Universal City Studios open? | On what date did Universal City Studios open? | [
"On what date did Universal City Studios open?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 15, 1915"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92653 | 5a6fd5978abb0b001a675f8f | Alsace | By the time of the Protestant Reformation in the 16th century, Strasbourg was a prosperous community, and its inhabitants accepted Protestantism in 1523. Martin Bucer was a prominent Protestant reformer in the region. His efforts were countered by the Roman Catholic Habsburgs who tried to eradicate heresy in Upper Alsa... | What is southwest of Mompelgard? | What is southwest of Mompelgard? | [
"What is southwest of Mompelgard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76944 | 572665cc5951b619008f71aa | Dutch_language | Outside of the Netherlands and Belgium, the dialect around the German town of Kleve (South Guelderish) both historically and genetically belongs to the Dutch language. In Northeastern France, the area around Calais was historically Dutch-speaking (West Flemish) of which an estimated 20,000 daily speakers. The cities of... | Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I? | Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I? | [
"Which church often preached in Flemish prior to World War I?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Catholic Church"
],
"answer_start": [
525
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40969 | 5a6bcae74eec6b001a80a5ae | Predation | Mimicry is a related phenomenon where an organism has a similar appearance to another species. One such example is the drone fly, which looks a lot like a bee, yet is completely harmless as it cannot sting at all. Another example of batesian mimicry is the io moth, (Automeris io), which has markings on its wings that r... | What happens when drone flies attract male fireflies? | What happens when drone flies attract male fireflies? | [
"What happens when drone flies attract male fireflies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17385 | 5ad111b4645df0001a2d0c0c | Uranium | Uranium is a chemical element with symbol U and atomic number 92. It is a silvery-white metal in the actinide series of the periodic table. A uranium atom has 92 protons and 92 electrons, of which 6 are valence electrons. Uranium is weakly radioactive because all its isotopes are unstable (with half-lives of the six na... | How many valence electrons aren't contained in an atom of uranium? | How many valence electrons aren't contained in an atom of uranium? | [
"How many valence electrons aren't contained in an atom of uranium?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10514 | 56e031847aa994140058e343 | Comics | The francophone Swiss Rodolphe Töpffer produced comic strips beginning in 1827, and published theories behind the form. Cartoons appeared widely in newspapers and magazines from the 19th century. The success of Zig et Puce in 1925 popularized the use of speech balloons in European comics, after which Franco-Belgian com... | When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized? | When was "The Adventures of Tintin" serialized? | [
"When was \"The Adventures of Tintin\" serialized?"
] | {
"text": [
"1929"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112023 | 5727c9733acd2414000dec65 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | The book aroused international interest and a widespread debate, with no sharp line between scientific issues and ideological, social and religious implications. Much of the initial reaction was hostile, but Darwin had to be taken seriously as a prominent and respected name in science. There was much less controversy t... | What was the term used to not only describe Darwin's theories, but the whole spectrum of evolution-ism after his book met with success? | What was the term used to not only describe Darwin's theories, but the whole spectrum of evolution-ism after his book met with success? | [
"What was the term used to not only describe Darwin's theories, but the whole spectrum of evolution-ism after his book met with success?"
] | {
"text": [
"Darwinism"
],
"answer_start": [
962
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90394 | 5727e0603acd2414000deeba | Tibet | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | How tall, in feet, is Mount Everest? | How tall, in feet, is Mount Everest? | [
"How tall, in feet, is Mount Everest?"
] | {
"text": [
"29,029"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106323 | 5725e72a271a42140099d2f6 | Hellenistic_period | During the Hellenistic period, Judea became a frontier region between the Seleucid Empire and Ptolemaic Egypt and therefore was often the frontline of the Syrian wars, changing hands several times during these conflicts. Under the Hellenistic kingdoms, Judea was ruled by the hereditary office of the High Priest of Isra... | Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period? | Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period? | [
"Judea was ruled by whom during the Hellenistic period?"
] | {
"text": [
"High Priest of Israel"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36408 | 57301ef4a23a5019007fcdd1 | Printed_circuit_board | Development of the methods used in modern printed circuit boards started early in the 20th century. In 1903, a German inventor, Albert Hanson, described flat foil conductors laminated to an insulating board, in multiple layers. Thomas Edison experimented with chemical methods of plating conductors onto linen paper in 1... | What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method? | What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method? | [
"What year did Arthur Berry patent his print-and-etch method?"
] | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23145 | 56de494dcffd8e1900b4b798 | Human_Development_Index | A HDI below 0.5 is considered to represent "low development". All 22 countries in that category are located in Africa. The highest-scoring Sub-Saharan countries, Gabon and South Africa, are ranked 119th and 121st, respectively. Nine countries departed from this category this year and joined the "medium development" gro... | What is South Africa's ranking? | What is South Africa's ranking? | [
"What is South Africa's ranking?"
] | {
"text": [
"121st"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55953 | 56e797ef00c9c71400d77334 | Arena_Football_League | Plans for arena football were put on hold in 1982 as the United States Football League was launched. Foster left the NFL to accept a position in the USFL. He eventually became executive vice-president with the Chicago Blitz, where he returned to his concept of arena football. In 1983, he began organizing the test game ... | What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for? | What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for? | [
"What team in the USFL did Jim Foster work for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chicago Blitz"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40353 | 56e74b6037bdd419002c3e22 | Paper | The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing b... | What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus? | What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus? | [
"What plant was used in Egypt to make papyrus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cyperus"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36718 | 5a848f6e7cf838001a46a93c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | To a large extent, the minority leader's position is a 20th-century innovation. Prior to this time congressional parties were often relatively disorganized, so it was not always evident who functioned as the opposition floor leader. Decades went by before anything like the modern two-party congressional system emerged ... | What system was created by Alexander Hamilton? | What system was created by Alexander Hamilton? | [
"What system was created by Alexander Hamilton?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8586 | 5acdfb1732bba1001ae49932 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five mont... | Which government was in power after the Soviet regime? | Which government was in power after the Soviet regime? | [
"Which government was in power after the Soviet regime?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113246 | 570df36e0b85d914000d7c1f | Adolescence | During childhood, siblings are a source of conflict and frustration as well as a support system. Adolescence may affect this relationship differently, depending on sibling gender. In same-sex sibling pairs, intimacy increases during early adolescence, then remains stable. Mixed-sex siblings pairs act differently; sibli... | Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence? | Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence? | [
"Does intimacy between same-sex siblings increase or decrease during adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"increases"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63381 | 5725c87eec44d21400f3d563 | Buckingham_Palace | Remodelling of the structure began in 1762. After his accession to the throne in 1820, King George IV continued the renovation with the idea in mind of a small, comfortable home. While the work was in progress, in 1826, the King decided to modify the house into a palace with the help of his architect John Nash. Some fu... | What did King George IV originally want the structure to be? | What did King George IV originally want the structure to be? | [
"What did King George IV originally want the structure to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"a small, comfortable home"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44972 | 56df13fdc65bf219000b3f41 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Columbia founded Epic Records in 1953. In 1956, Conkling left Columbia, he would help establish the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences before eventually becoming the first president of the newly launched Warner Bros. Records, and Goddard Lieberson began the first of two stints as head of the record company... | Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences? | Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences? | [
"Who was one of the creators of the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences?"
] | {
"text": [
"Conkling"
],
"answer_start": [
48
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35657 | 570a4eb44103511400d595f9 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. In the REF results 46% of Imperial's submitted research was classified as 4*, 44% as 3*, 9% as 2* and 1% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.36. In rankings produced by Times Higher Educatio... | What does REF stand for? | What does REF stand for? | [
"What does REF stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Research Excellence Framework"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18997 | 5ad0d418645df0001a2d05d7 | Premier_League | The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier ... | Which Award is presented for outstanding contribution to national trade? | Which Award is presented for outstanding contribution to national trade? | [
"Which Award is presented for outstanding contribution to national trade?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41235 | 5731c45ae17f3d14004223aa | Egypt | Although one of the main obstacles still facing the Egyptian economy is the limited trickle down of wealth to the average population, many Egyptians criticise their government for higher prices of basic goods while their standards of living or purchasing power remains relatively stagnant. Corruption is often cited by E... | Who do Egyptians blame for higher prices, while purchasing power and standard of living are stagnate? | Who do Egyptians blame for higher prices, while purchasing power and standard of living are stagnate? | [
"Who do Egyptians blame for higher prices, while purchasing power and standard of living are stagnate?"
] | {
"text": [
"government"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66295 | 5ace925632bba1001ae4aa77 | Brigham_Young_University | Brigham Young University (often referred to as BYU or, colloquially, The Y) is a private research university located in Provo, Utah, United States. It is owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and, excluding online students, is the largest of any religious university and the... | What does BYU have 29,762 of? | What does BYU have 29,762 of? | [
"What does BYU have 29,762 of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27589 | 5a62b6eff8d794001af1c1d6 | Liberia | Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate... | Where does customary law still exist? | Where does customary law still exist? | [
"Where does customary law still exist?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57781 | 5ad233afd7d075001a4287b6 | Quran | In the beginning, the Quran did not have vocalization markings. The system of vocalization, as we know it today, seems to have been introduced towards the end of the ninth century. Since it would have been too costly for most Muslims to purchase a manuscript, copies of the Quran were held in mosques in order to make th... | Which group of Quran copyists produced the least in-demand manuscripts? | Which group of Quran copyists produced the least in-demand manuscripts? | [
"Which group of Quran copyists produced the least in-demand manuscripts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107686 | 571aa0ea4faf5e1900b8ab56 | Umayyad_Caliphate | The Quran and Muhammad talked about racial equality and justice as in The Farewell Sermon. Tribal and nationalistic differences were discouraged. But after Muhammad's passing, the old tribal differences between the Arabs started to resurface. Following the Roman–Persian Wars and the Byzantine–Sassanid Wars, deep rooted... | Who controlled Iraq before the Arabs? | Who controlled Iraq before the Arabs? | [
"Who controlled Iraq before the Arabs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persian Sassanid Empire"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27346 | 572f4fb704bcaa1900d7683b | Transistor | In a switching circuit, the idea is to simulate, as near as possible, the ideal switch having the properties of open circuit when off, short circuit when on, and an instantaneous transition between the two states. Parameters are chosen such that the "off" output is limited to leakage currents too small to affect connec... | What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when off? | What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when off? | [
"What is a switching circuit trying to simulate when off?"
] | {
"text": [
"open circuit"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92401 | 5730dbfef6cb411900e244f5 | United_States_Air_Force | Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, ... | What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission? | What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission? | [
"What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission?"
] | {
"text": [
"sustain assigned networks and missions"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3797 | 56bf9f6aa10cfb14005511d3 | Beyoncé | Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had", which ... | When did she perform at the Roseland ballroom? | When did she perform at the Roseland ballroom? | [
"When did she perform at the Roseland ballroom?"
] | {
"text": [
"2011"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8922 | 57283f892ca10214002da184 | LaserDisc | LaserDiscs were initially cheaper than videocassettes to manufacture, because they lacked the moving parts and plastic outer shell that are necessary for VHS tapes to work, and the duplication process was much simpler. A VHS cassette has at least 14 parts including the actual tape while LaserDisc has one part with five... | How much did LaserDiscs cost to produce by the end of the 1980s? | How much did LaserDiscs cost to produce by the end of the 1980s? | [
"How much did LaserDiscs cost to produce by the end of the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [
"$5.00 per two-sided disc"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18281 | 5ad0d647645df0001a2d064a | Eritrea | The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are tr... | What is the first round of coffee called in Italian? | What is the first round of coffee called in Italian? | [
"What is the first round of coffee called in Italian?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52341 | 5ad397e1604f3c001a3fe7d2 | Miami | Miami is home to one of the largest ports in the United States, the PortMiami. It is the largest cruise ship port in the world. The port is often called the "Cruise Capital of the World" and the "Cargo Gateway of the Americas". It has retained its status as the number one cruise/passenger port in the world for well ove... | What South American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo? | What South American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo? | [
"What South American port sees the largest amount of imported and exported cargo?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62276 | 5a6a582ea9e0c9001a4e9d5c | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | The Liberals' immediate predecessor was the United Australia Party (UAP). More broadly, the Liberal Party's ideological ancestry stretched back to the anti-Labor groupings in the first Commonwealth parliaments. The Commonwealth Liberal Party was a fusion of the Free Trade Party and the Protectionist Party in 1909 by th... | Which group was predecessor to the Free Trade Party? | Which group was predecessor to the Free Trade Party? | [
"Which group was predecessor to the Free Trade Party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57014 | 572803754b864d1900164225 | Gramophone_record | In 2014 artist Jack White sold 40,000 copies of his second solo release, Lazaretto, on vinyl. The sales of the record beat the largest sales in one week on vinyl since 1991. The sales record was previously held by Pearl Jam's, Vitalogy, which sold 34,000 copies in one week in 1994. In 2014, the sale of vinyl records wa... | What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late? | What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late? | [
"What medium has seen the biggest fall in sales as of late?"
] | {
"text": [
"compact discs"
],
"answer_start": [
490
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19929 | 5731aab1b9d445190005e446 | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European "foreign power elite" to destabilize the country. The forum als... | What did the forum question about US interference? | What did the forum question about US interference? | [
"What did the forum question about US interference?"
] | {
"text": [
"diplomats and NGOs"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70199 | 5a2c266dbfd06b001a5ae9fb | Neoclassical_architecture | By the mid 18th century, the movement broadened to incorporate a greater range of Classical influences, including those from Ancient Greece. The shift to neoclassical architecture is conventionally dated to the 1750s. It first gained influence in England and France; in England, Sir William Hamilton's excavations at Pom... | What did movement incorporate by the mid-1800s? | What did movement incorporate by the mid-1800s? | [
"What did movement incorporate by the mid-1800s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9568 | 5725c6a489a1e219009abe7a | Montevideo | Banking has traditionally been one of the strongest service export sectors in Uruguay: the country was once dubbed "the Switzerland of America", mainly for its banking sector and stability, although that stability has been threatened in the 21st century by the recent global economic climate. The largest bank in Uruguay... | What is the largest bank in Uruguay? | What is the largest bank in Uruguay? | [
"What is the largest bank in Uruguay? "
] | {
"text": [
"Banco Republica"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19338 | 5a3b16693ff257001ab843d8 | Rule_of_law | Most legal theorists believe that the rule of law has purely formal characteristics, meaning that the law must be publicly declared, with prospective application, and possess the characteristics of generality, equality, and certainty, but there are no requirements with regard to the content of the law. Others, includin... | What two concepts defined rule without law? | What two concepts defined rule without law? | [
"What two concepts defined rule without law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26966 | 5a8cd843fd22b3001a8d8f3c | United_States_dollar | From 1792, when the Mint Act was passed, the dollar was defined as 371.25 grains (24.056 g) of silver. Many historians[who?] erroneously assume gold was standardized at a fixed rate in parity with silver; however, there is no evidence of Congress making this law. This has to do with Alexander Hamilton's suggestion to C... | In what year did the shift in silver standard occur? | In what year did the shift in silver standard occur? | [
"In what year did the shift in silver standard occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112759 | 5a70ba5f8abb0b001a6760ee | Xbox_360 | The Xbox 360 features an online service, Xbox Live, which was expanded from its previous iteration on the original Xbox and received regular updates during the console's lifetime. Available in free and subscription-based varieties, Xbox Live allows users to: play games online; download games (through Xbox Live Arcade) ... | What is the name of the additional hard drive storage? | What is the name of the additional hard drive storage? | [
"What is the name of the additional hard drive storage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42515 | 570fa4fe5ab6b81900390f66 | Sexual_orientation | Research focusing on sexual orientation uses scales of assessment to identify who belongs in which sexual population group. It is assumed that these scales will be able to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation. However, it is difficult to determine an individual's sexual orientation throug... | What is the understanding of the scales used? | What is the understanding of the scales used? | [
"What is the understanding of the scales used?"
] | {
"text": [
"to reliably identify and categorize people by their sexual orientation"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29611 | 5ad14f55645df0001a2d170a | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states t... | What Evangelist did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet in Turkey? | What Evangelist did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet in Turkey? | [
"What Evangelist did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet in Turkey?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84531 | 572ff077b2c2fd1400568616 | San_Diego | From the start of the 20th century through the 1970s, the American tuna fishing fleet and tuna canning industry were based in San Diego, "the tuna capital of the world". San Diego's first tuna cannery was founded in 1911, and by the mid-1930s the canneries employed more than 1,000 people. A large fishing fleet supporte... | Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries?? | Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries?? | [
"Immigrants from what country were primarily hired by the fishing fleets that supported the canneries??"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
380
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36233 | 5ace700032bba1001ae4a6bb | Printed_circuit_board | Other platings used are OSP (organic surface protectant), immersion silver (IAg), immersion tin, electroless nickel with immersion gold coating (ENIG), electroless nickel electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) and direct gold plating (over nickel). Edge connectors, placed along one edge of some boards, are often... | Electroless silver electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) is an example of what? | Electroless silver electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) is an example of what? | [
"Electroless silver electroless palladium immersion gold (ENEPIG) is an example of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68469 | 5a36b71595360f001af1b32a | George_VI | In 1947, the King and his family toured Southern Africa. The Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa, Jan Smuts, was facing an election and hoped to make political capital out of the visit. George was appalled, however, when instructed by the South African government to shake hands only with whites, and referred to... | In what year did George become King? | In what year did George become King? | [
"In what year did George become King?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15326 | 5705ca3352bb891400689632 | Black_people | Black people is a term used in certain countries, often in socially based systems of racial classification or of ethnicity, to describe persons who are perceived to be dark-skinned compared to other given populations. As such, the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends si... | Can the term "black people" have different meanings? | Can the term "black people" have different meanings? | [
"Can the term \"black people\" have different meanings?"
] | {
"text": [
"the meaning of the expression varies widely both between and within societies, and depends significantly on context."
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36688 | 57320ad7e99e3014001e6469 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | When the Majority Leader's party loses control of the House, and if the Speaker and Majority Leader both remain in the leadership hierarchy, convention suggests that they would become the Minority Leader and Minority Whip, respectively. As the minority party has one less leadership position after losing the speaker's c... | What role did Pelosi win in 112th Congress? | What role did Pelosi win in 112th Congress? | [
"What role did Pelosi win in 112th Congress?"
] | {
"text": [
"Minority Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19217 | 572ff2c7b2c2fd1400568633 | Premier_League | Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usuall... | Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows? | Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows? | [
"Can players be transferred under an emergency outside the transfer windows?"
] | {
"text": [
"Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usually on an emergency basis."
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6038 | 5ad0221377cf76001a686b37 | Late_Middle_Ages | Up until the mid-14th century, Europe had experienced steadily increasing urbanisation. Cities were also decimated by the Black Death, but the role of urban areas as centres of learning, commerce and government ensured continued growth. By 1500, Venice, Milan, Naples, Paris and Constantinople each probably had more tha... | What event decimated urban populations in the 13th century? | What event decimated urban populations in the 13th century? | [
"What event decimated urban populations in the 13th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25025 | 56cfafaf234ae51400d9be6a | New_York_City | The television industry developed in New York and is a significant employer in the city's economy. The three major American broadcast networks are all headquartered in New York: ABC, CBS, and NBC. Many cable networks are based in the city as well, including MTV, Fox News, HBO, Showtime, Bravo, Food Network, AMC, and Co... | What cable news channel is based in New York? | What cable news channel is based in New York? | [
"What cable news channel is based in New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fox News"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4965 | 56e12622e3433e1400422c75 | Boston | In 1822, the citizens of Boston voted to change the official name from "the Town of Boston" to "the City of Boston", and on March 4, 1822, the people of Boston accepted the charter incorporating the City. At the time Boston was chartered as a city, the population was about 46,226, while the area of the city was only 4.... | What was the population of Boston in 1822? | What was the population of Boston in 1822? | [
"What was the population of Boston in 1822?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 46,226"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109600 | 5728f1a1af94a219006a9e1f | Samurai | From 1854, the samurai army and the navy were modernized. A Naval training school was established in Nagasaki in 1855. Naval students were sent to study in Western naval schools for several years, starting a tradition of foreign-educated future leaders, such as Admiral Enomoto. French naval engineers were hired to buil... | What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855? | What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855? | [
"What kind of military school did Japan open in 1855?"
] | {
"text": [
"Naval"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-135 | 56f8dcd39b226e1400dd1132 | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau's GDP per capita is one of the lowest in the world, and its Human Development Index is one of the lowest on earth. More than two-thirds of the population lives below the poverty line. The economy depends mainly on agriculture; fish, cashew nuts and ground nuts are its major exports. | What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world? | What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world? | [
"What per capita index does Guinea-Bissau rank as one of the lowest in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"GDP"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88696 | 56db78e9e7c41114004b5179 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | On April 20, the People's Daily published a report entitled "Overseas Chinese rally against biased media coverage, for Olympics". It included images of Chinese people demonstrating in France, the United Kingdom, Germany and the United States. One picture showed Chinese demonstrators holding a sign which claimed, incorr... | Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias? | Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias? | [
"Which publication published a report about the Chinese rallying against media bias?"
] | {
"text": [
"People's Daily"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11954 | 56e14acbcd28a01900c6774d | Universal_Studios | In the early years, Universal had a "clean picture" policy. However, by April 1927, Carl Laemmle considered this to be a mistake as "unclean pictures" from other studios were generating more profit while Universal was losing money. | Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"? | Why did Laemmle change his position on "unclean pictures"? | [
"Why did Laemmle change his position on \"unclean pictures\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Universal was losing money"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30645 | 5ace5f6c32bba1001ae4a45c | Appalachian_Mountains | For a century, the Appalachians were a barrier to the westward expansion of the British colonies. The continuity of the mountain system, the bewildering multiplicity of its succeeding ridges, the tortuous courses and roughness of its transverse passes, a heavy forest, and dense undergrowth all conspired to hold the set... | What prevented the settlers from going to the coastal plains? | What prevented the settlers from going to the coastal plains? | [
"What prevented the settlers from going to the coastal plains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2338 | 56d1d6fae7d4791d0090228d | Buddhism | Buddhist scholars have produced a number of intellectual theories, philosophies and world view concepts (see, for example, Abhidharma, Buddhist philosophy and Reality in Buddhism). Some schools of Buddhism discourage doctrinal study, and some regard it as essential practice. | Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism? | Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism? | [
"Who has produced a number of theories and concepts such as Abhidharma and Reality in Buddhism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddhist scholars"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111621 | 5acd76f907355d001abf437e | Education | University education includes teaching, research, and social services activities, and it includes both the undergraduate level (sometimes referred to as tertiary education) and the graduate (or postgraduate) level (sometimes referred to as graduate school). Universities are generally composed of several colleges. In th... | What is not an alternative to in-school learning? | What is not an alternative to in-school learning? | [
"What is not an alternative to in-school learning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110624 | 572ff0a2947a6a140053ce37 | Iran | Tehran is the country's capital and largest city, as well as its leading cultural and economic center. Iran is a major regional and middle power, exerting considerable influence in international energy security and the world economy through its large reserves of fossil fuels, which include the largest natural gas suppl... | What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world? | What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world? | [
"What resource does Iran have the largest supply of in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"natural gas"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94022 | 572eab10c246551400ce44a0 | Cyprus | Popular music in Cyprus is generally influenced by the Greek Laïka scene; artists who play in this genre include international platinum star Anna Vissi, Evridiki, and Sarbel. Hip Hop, R&B and reggae have been supported by the emergence of Cypriot rap and the urban music scene at Ayia Napa. Cypriot rock music and Éntekh... | What are some famous metal Cypriot bands? | What are some famous metal Cypriot bands? | [
"What are some famous metal Cypriot bands?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armageddon (rev.16:16), Blynd, Winter's Verge and Quadraphonic"
],
"answer_start": [
487
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115209 | 57262eb438643c19005ad2b1 | Mammal | Therapsids descended from pelycosaurs in the Middle Permian, about 265 million years ago, and became the dominant land vertebrates. They differ from basal eupelycosaurs in several features of the skull and jaws, including: larger temporal fenestrae and incisors which are equal in size. The therapsid lineage leading to ... | From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from? | From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from? | [
"From which dinosaur group did Therapsids descend from?"
] | {
"text": [
"pelycosaurs"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108439 | 5acd307e07355d001abf387b | Aspirated_consonant | Later, during the Koine Greek period, the aspirated and voiceless stops /tʰ d/ of Attic Greek lenited to voiceless and voiced fricatives, yielding /θ ð/ in Medieval and Modern Greek. | Arctic Greek lenited to what? | Arctic Greek lenited to what? | [
"Arctic Greek lenited to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84289 | 5ad38948604f3c001a3fe58d | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | The president exercises a check over Congress through his power to veto bills, but Congress may override any veto (excluding the so-called "pocket veto") by a two-thirds majority in each house. When the two houses of Congress cannot agree on a date for adjournment, the president may settle the dispute. Either house or ... | Which veto is the only one Congress is able to override with a two thirds majority? | Which veto is the only one Congress is able to override with a two thirds majority? | [
"Which veto is the only one Congress is able to override with a two thirds majority?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6755 | 57284a61ff5b5019007da10f | PlayStation_3 | CNET awarded PS3 Slim four out of five stars praising its Blu-ray capabilities, 120 GB hard drive, free online gaming service and more affordable pricing point, but complained about the lack of backward compatibility for PlayStation 2 games. TechRadar gave PS3 Slim four and a half stars out of five praising its new sma... | How many of five possible stars did CNET give the PS3 Slim? | How many of five possible stars did CNET give the PS3 Slim? | [
"How many of five possible stars did CNET give the PS3 Slim?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81201 | 5723f5dc0dadf01500fa1fc7 | Queen_Victoria | At birth, Victoria was fifth in the line of succession after her father and his three older brothers: the Prince Regent, the Duke of York, and the Duke of Clarence (later William IV). The Prince Regent and the Duke of York were estranged from their wives, who were both past child-bearing age, so the two eldest brothers... | What year did Victorias Uncle George IV die? | What year did Victorias Uncle George IV die? | [
"What year did Victorias Uncle George IV die?"
] | {
"text": [
"1830"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17528 | 56cdd05a62d2951400fa688b | Spectre_(2015_film) | Bond travels to Austria to find White, who is dying of thallium poisoning. He admits to growing disenchanted with Quantum and tells Bond to find and protect his daughter, Dr. Madeline Swann, who will take him to L'Américain; this will in turn lead him to Spectre. White then commits suicide. Bond locates Swann at the Ho... | Who is White's daughter? | Who is White's daughter? | [
"Who is White's daughter?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dr. Madeline Swann"
],
"answer_start": [
171
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90011 | 5726a5eef1498d1400e8e613 | Somerset | Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to ... | Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area | Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area | [
"Why did Cj clark shoes leave the area "
] | {
"text": [
"the work was transferred to lower-wage areas, such as China and Asia"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21363 | 56e6d441de9d37140006806e | Adult_contemporary_music | In its early years of existence, the smooth jazz format was considered to be a form of AC, although it was mainly instrumental, and related a stronger resemblance to the soft AC-styled music. For many years, artists like George Benson, Kenny G and Dave Koz had crossover hits that were played on both smooth jazz and sof... | What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary? | What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary? | [
"What radio station format was sometimes regarded as a type of adult contemporary?"
] | {
"text": [
"smooth jazz"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77699 | 57267f35f1498d1400e8e1c4 | British_Empire | Under the terms of the concluding Treaty of Versailles signed in 1919, the empire reached its greatest extent with the addition of 1,800,000 square miles (4,700,000 km2) and 13 million new subjects. The colonies of Germany and the Ottoman Empire were distributed to the Allied powers as League of Nations mandates. Brita... | How many people did the Treaty of Versailles add to the British Empire? | How many people did the Treaty of Versailles add to the British Empire? | [
"How many people did the Treaty of Versailles add to the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"13 million"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56236 | 572772c3708984140094ddd1 | Nonprofit_organization | Canada allows nonprofits to be incorporated or unincorporated. Nonprofits may incorporate either federally, under Part II of the Canada Business Corporations Act or under provincial legislation. Many of the governing Acts for Canadian nonprofits date to the early 1900s, meaning that nonprofit legislation has not kept p... | How are NPOs classified in Canada? | How are NPOs classified in Canada? | [
"How are NPOs classified in Canada?"
] | {
"text": [
"incorporated or unincorporated"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59530 | 5726b408dd62a815002e8d69 | Electric_motor | An advantage of the universal motor is that AC supplies may be used on motors which have some characteristics more common in DC motors, specifically high starting torque and very compact design if high running speeds are used. The negative aspect is the maintenance and short life problems caused by the commutator. Such... | Switching the field winding in washing machines causes the drum to agitate how? | Switching the field winding in washing machines causes the drum to agitate how? | [
"Switching the field winding in washing machines causes the drum to agitate how?"
] | {
"text": [
"forwards and in reverse"
],
"answer_start": [
940
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51743 | 570c4dd0fed7b91900d45882 | John,_King_of_England | The nature of government under the Angevin monarchs was ill-defined and uncertain. John's predecessors had ruled using the principle of vis et voluntas, or "force and will", taking executive and sometimes arbitrary decisions, often justified on the basis that a king was above the law. Both Henry II and Richard had argu... | What did John suffer from? | What did John suffer from? | [
"What did John suffer from?"
] | {
"text": [
"royal schizophrenia"
],
"answer_start": [
1024
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55800 | 5a0cf49bf5590b0018dab6a2 | Clothing | In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a... | Males are typically not allowed to show what in public places | Males are typically not allowed to show what in public places | [
"Males are typically not allowed to show what in public places"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23621 | 5728266d3acd2414000df5a1 | Federalism | The terms 'federalism' and 'confederalism' both have a root in the Latin word foedus, meaning treaty, pact or covenant. Their common meaning until the late eighteenth century was a simple league or inter-governmental relationship among sovereign states based upon a treaty. They were therefore initially synonyms. It was... | What is the Latin word for federalism? | What is the Latin word for federalism? | [
"What is the Latin word for federalism? "
] | {
"text": [
"foedus"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61222 | 5732c3d8d6dcfa19001e8aaa | Police | In Miranda the court created safeguards against self-incriminating statements made after an arrest. The court held that "The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise dep... | Which amendment prevents self-incrimination? | Which amendment prevents self-incrimination? | [
"Which amendment prevents self-incrimination?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fifth"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44713 | 56f8a0dd9e9bad19000a020b | Gene | Due to the chemical composition of the pentose residues of the bases, DNA strands have directionality. One end of a DNA polymer contains an exposed hydroxyl group on the deoxyribose; this is known as the 3' end of the molecule. The other end contains an exposed phosphate group; this is the 5' end. The two strands of a ... | Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'→3' direction? | Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'→3' direction? | [
"Why does DNA replication and transcription occur in the 5'→3' direction?"
] | {
"text": [
"because new nucleotides are added via a dehydration reaction that uses the exposed 3' hydroxyl as a nucleophile"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19104 | 5ad0e10f645df0001a2d078e | Premier_League | The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme. In Australia, Fox Sports broadcasts almost all of the season's 380 matches live, and Foxtel gives subscribers the option of selecting which Saturday 3pm match to watch. In India, the matches are broadcast live ... | What does Fox Sports broadcast in Asia? | What does Fox Sports broadcast in Asia? | [
"What does Fox Sports broadcast in Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29435 | 5a5690656349e2001acdce41 | Swaziland | The considerable spending did not lead to more growth and did not benefit the poor. Much of the increased spending has gone to current expenditures related to wages, transfers, and subsidies. The wage bill today constitutes over 15% of GDP and 55% of total public spending; these are some of the highest levels on the Af... | What has a decline in SACU revenues done? | What has a decline in SACU revenues done? | [
"What has a decline in SACU revenues done?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39341 | 57325b510fdd8d15006c6a19 | Protestantism | Also, other human rights were advocated for by some Protestants. For example, torture was abolished in Prussia in 1740, slavery in Britain in 1834 and in the United States in 1865 (William Wilberforce, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Abraham Lincoln - against Southern Protestants). Hugo Grotius and Samuel Pufendorf were among t... | When did Prussia stop torture? | When did Prussia stop torture? | [
"When did Prussia stop torture?"
] | {
"text": [
"1740"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64636 | 5733f37ed058e614000b664f | Portugal | The armed forces have three branches: Navy, Army and Air Force. They serve primarily as a self-defense force whose mission is to protect the territorial integrity of the country and provide humanitarian assistance and security at home and abroad. As of 2008, the three branches numbered 39,200 active personnel including... | How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces? | How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces? | [
"How many branches make up the Portuguese armed forces?"
] | {
"text": [
"three"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50172 | 56fc989fb53dbe190075513b | Phonology | The principles of phonological analysis can be applied independently of modality because they are designed to serve as general analytical tools, not language-specific ones. The same principles have been applied to the analysis of sign languages (see Phonemes in sign languages), even though the sub-lexical units are not... | Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be? | Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be? | [
"Instead of being language-specific what kind of tools are the principles of phonological analysis designed to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"general analytical tools"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57432 | 57300b6404bcaa1900d7706f | Muslim_world | In a small minority of Muslim countries, the law requires women to cover either just legs, shoulders and head or the whole body apart from the face. In strictest forms, the face as well must be covered leaving just a mesh to see through. These rules for dressing cause tensions, concerning particularly Muslims living in... | Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves? | Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves? | [
"Why do some Muslims oppose allowing women to reveal more of themselves?"
] | {
"text": [
"women to reveal too much in order to be deemed attractive"
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24400 | 56df510696943c1400a5d39c | Lighting | An important property of light fixtures is the luminous efficacy or wall-plug efficiency, meaning the amount of usable light emanating from the fixture per used energy, usually measured in lumen per watt. A fixture using replaceable light sources can also have its efficiency quoted as the percentage of light passed fro... | Luminous efficacy is measure in what unit? | Luminous efficacy is measure in what unit? | [
"Luminous efficacy is measure in what unit?"
] | {
"text": [
"lumen per watt"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
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