gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-1075 | 5a848eae7cf838001a46a934 | Endangered_Species_Act | Growing scientific recognition of the role of private lands for endangered species recovery and the landmark 1981 court decision in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources both contributed to making Habitat Conservation Plans/ Incidental Take Permits "a major force for wildlife conservation and a majo... | What case limited ITP power? | What case limited ITP power? | [
"What case limited ITP power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62592 | 572938f31d04691400779187 | Software_testing | Operational Acceptance is used to conduct operational readiness (pre-release) of a product, service or system as part of a quality management system. OAT is a common type of non-functional software testing, used mainly in software development and software maintenance projects. This type of testing focuses on the operat... | What is the term used to test software during a pre-release? | What is the term used to test software during a pre-release? | [
"What is the term used to test software during a pre-release?"
] | {
"text": [
"Operational Acceptance"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62544 | 5a7b849921c2de001afea0f1 | Software_testing | Specification-based testing aims to test the functionality of software according to the applicable requirements. This level of testing usually requires thorough test cases to be provided to the tester, who then can simply verify that for a given input, the output value (or behavior), either "is" or "is not" the same as... | What descriptions of the firmware are used in test cases? | What descriptions of the firmware are used in test cases? | [
"What descriptions of the firmware are used in test cases?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8238 | 5a7cbdfbe8bc7e001a9e1fa1 | Thuringia | Thuringia generally accepted the Protestant Reformation, and Roman Catholicism was suppressed as early as 1520[citation needed]; priests who remained loyal to it were driven away and churches and monasteries were largely destroyed, especially during the German Peasants' War of 1525. In Mühlhausen and elsewhere, the Ana... | When were most churches and monasteries protected? | When were most churches and monasteries protected? | [
"When were most churches and monasteries protected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111421 | 573200880fdd8d15006c66d1 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Archaeology confirms the widespread use of binding spells (defixiones), magical papyri and so-called "voodoo dolls" from a very early era. Around 250 defixiones have been recovered just from Roman Britain, in both urban and rural settings. Some seek straightforward, usually gruesome revenge, often for a lover's offense... | What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong? | What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong? | [
"What did the elite use instead of spells and potions to redress a wrong?"
] | {
"text": [
"law and justice"
],
"answer_start": [
642
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61306 | 572f3442b2c2fd1400567f84 | Flowering_plant | The great angiosperm radiation, when a great diversity of angiosperms appears in the fossil record, occurred in the mid-Cretaceous (approximately 100 million years ago). However, a study in 2007 estimated that the division of the five most recent (the genus Ceratophyllum, the family Chloranthaceae, the eudicots, the ma... | What were the angiosperms up to by the late Cretaceous? | What were the angiosperms up to by the late Cretaceous? | [
"What were the angiosperms up to by the late Cretaceous?"
] | {
"text": [
"dominated environments"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38305 | 5a7d237a70df9f001a874fd0 | Neolithic | The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who c... | What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of animals? | What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of animals? | [
"What settlement featured equal sized homes with little evidence of animals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6796 | 57312320a5e9cc1400cdbc89 | Red | Red is the color at the end of the spectrum of visible light next to orange and opposite violet. Red color has a predominant light wavelength of roughly 620–740 nanometres. Red is one of the additive primary colors of visible light, along with green and blue, which in Red Green Blue (RGB) color systems are combined to ... | Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors? | Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors? | [
"Red Yellow and Blue are what kind of colors?"
] | {
"text": [
"subtractive primary colors"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102393 | 56fa8e4af34c681400b0c0f0 | High-definition_television | For example, 1920×1080p25 identifies progressive scanning format with 25 frames per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The 1080i25 or 1080i50 notation identifies interlaced scanning format with 25 frames (50 fields) per second, each frame being 1,920 pixels wide and 1,080 pixels high. The... | The 1920x1080p25 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second? | The 1920x1080p25 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second? | [
"The 1920x1080p25 notion identifies progressive scanning format with how many frames per second?"
] | {
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111381 | 5731f0ffe99e3014001e63ee | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The devotio was the most extreme offering a Roman general could make, promising to offer his own life in battle along with the enemy as an offering to the underworld gods. Livy offers a detailed account of the devotio carried out by Decius Mus; family tradition maintained that his son and grandson, all bearing the same... | With what does the devotio link to military ethics? | With what does the devotio link to military ethics? | [
"With what does the devotio link to military ethics?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roman gladiator"
],
"answer_start": [
1021
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62867 | 572f8f2eb2c2fd14005681ff | Pain | A person's self-report is the most reliable measure of pain, with health care professionals tending to underestimate severity. A definition of pain widely employed in nursing, emphasizing its subjective nature and the importance of believing patient reports, was introduced by Margo McCaffery in 1968: "Pain is whatever ... | What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968? | What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968? | [
"What did Margo McCaffery introduce in 1968?"
] | {
"text": [
"definition of pain"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10428 | 56e02a437aa994140058e2df | Comics | From the 1980s, mainstream sensibilities were reasserted and serialization became less common as the number of comics magazines decreased and many comics began to be published directly as albums. Smaller publishers such as L'Association that published longer works in non-traditional formats by auteur-istic creators als... | Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional? | Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional? | [
"Which small publisher published in formats that were not traditional?"
] | {
"text": [
"L'Association"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1538 | 573170f3a5e9cc1400cdbf63 | Mosaic | Other important Venetian mosaics can be found in the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta in Torcello from the 12th century, and in the Basilical of Santi Maria e Donato in Murano with a restored apse mosaic from the 12th century and a beautiful mosaic pavement (1140). The apse of the San Cipriano Church in Murano was deco... | Where is the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta? | Where is the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta? | [
"Where is the Cathedral of Santa Maria Assunta?"
] | {
"text": [
"Torcello"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74432 | 5ace7a3732bba1001ae4a786 | Asphalt | Naturally occurring crude asphalt/bitumen impregnated in sedimentary rock is the prime feed stock for petroleum production from "Oil sands", currently under development in Alberta, Canada. Canada has most of the world's supply of natural asphalt/bitumen, covering 140,000 square kilometres (an area larger than England),... | Which country has the third-largest known oil preserves in the world? | Which country has the third-largest known oil preserves in the world? | [
"Which country has the third-largest known oil preserves in the world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27776 | 5729e83f6aef0514001550f8 | Energy | Noether's theorem (1918) states that any differentiable symmetry of the action of a physical system has a corresponding conservation law. Noether's theorem has become a fundamental tool of modern theoretical physics and the calculus of variations. A generalisation of the seminal formulations on constants of motion in L... | When was Noether's theorem created? | When was Noether's theorem created? | [
"When was Noether's theorem created?"
] | {
"text": [
"1918"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11711 | 56fada5c8f12f31900630205 | Somalis | Civil strife in the early 1990s greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora, as many of the best educated Somalis left for the Middle East, Europe and North America. In Canada, the cities of Toronto, Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton, Montreal, Vancouver, Winnipeg and Hamilton all harbor Somali populations. Statistics Ca... | What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country? | What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country? | [
"What led to an increase in the number of Somalis leaving the country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Civil strife"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86274 | 5734415c879d6814001ca410 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson's primary electrical power source is a coal and natural gas power-plant managed by Tucson Electric Power that is situated within the city limits on the south-western boundary of Davis-Monthan Air-force base adjacent to Interstate-10. The air pollution generated has raised some concerns as the Sundt operating sta... | What highway is Tucson's main power plant near? | What highway is Tucson's main power plant near? | [
"What highway is Tucson's main power plant near?"
] | {
"text": [
"Interstate-10"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65714 | 5728d4d3ff5b5019007da7ba | Detroit | Detroit's courts are state-administered and elections are nonpartisan. The Probate Court for Wayne County is located in the Coleman A. Young Municipal Center in downtown Detroit. The Circuit Court is located across Gratiot Ave. in the Frank Murphy Hall of Justice, in downtown Detroit. The city is home to the Thirty-Six... | Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located? | Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located? | [
"Where is Wayne County's Probate Court located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Coleman A. Young Municipal Center"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114187 | 5726808c708984140094c833 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | The editor, Larry Lamb, was originally from a Labour background, with a socialist upbringing while his temporary replacement Bernard Shrimsley (1972–75) was a middle-class uncommitted Conservative. An extensive advertising campaign on the ITV network in this period, voiced by actor Christopher Timothy, may have helped ... | Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb? | Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb? | [
"Who temporarily replaced Larry Lamb?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bernard Shrimsley"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36380 | 57301519b2c2fd1400568828 | Printed_circuit_board | The printed circuit board industry defines heavy copper as layers exceeding three ounces of copper, or approximately 0.0042 inches (4.2 mils, 105 μm) thick. PCB designers and fabricators often use heavy copper when design and manufacturing circuit boards in order to increase current-carrying capacity as well as resista... | About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper? | About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper? | [
"About how thick would a PCB layer be if it contained three oz. of copper?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.0042 inches"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28077 | 57318dc8a5e9cc1400cdc061 | Steven_Spielberg | Based on the strength of his work, Universal signed Spielberg to do four TV films. The first was a Richard Matheson adaptation called Duel. The film is about a psychotic Peterbilt 281 tanker truck driver who chases the terrified driver (Dennis Weaver) of a small Plymouth Valiant and tries to run him off the road. Speci... | How many TV movies was Spielberg signed to direct? | How many TV movies was Spielberg signed to direct? | [
"How many TV movies was Spielberg signed to direct?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40280 | 572bcc46111d821400f38f82 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Several recent movies have been filmed in New Haven, including Mona Lisa Smile (2003), with Julia Roberts, The Life Before Her Eyes (2007), with Uma Thurman, and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) directed by Steven Spielberg and starring Harrison Ford, Cate Blanchett and Shia LaBeouf. The filmin... | What was the name of popular movie film in New Haven featuring Julia Roberts? | What was the name of popular movie film in New Haven featuring Julia Roberts? | [
"What was the name of popular movie film in New Haven featuring Julia Roberts?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mona Lisa Smile (2003)"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20366 | 57296639af94a219006aa38c | Glass | There are three classes of components for oxide glasses: network formers, intermediates, and modifiers. The network formers (silicon, boron, germanium) form a highly cross-linked network of chemical bonds. The intermediates (titanium, aluminium, zirconium, beryllium, magnesium, zinc) can act as both network formers and... | What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network? | What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network? | [
"What type of chemical attachment connects ions to the network?"
] | {
"text": [
"covalent bond"
],
"answer_start": [
551
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67780 | 5726c7305951b619008f7dd5 | Norfolk_Island | Residents of Norfolk Island do not pay Australian federal taxes, creating a tax haven for locals and visitors alike. Because there is no income tax, the island's legislative assembly raises money through an import duty, fuel levy, medicare levy, GST of 12% and local/international phone calls. In a move that apparently ... | What reason did David Buffett give for Norfolk Island surrendering its' tax-free status? | What reason did David Buffett give for Norfolk Island surrendering its' tax-free status? | [
"What reason did David Buffett give for Norfolk Island surrendering its' tax-free status?"
] | {
"text": [
"for a financial bailout from the federal government"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108687 | 572caa632babe914003c29b0 | Tennessee | Capital punishment has existed in Tennessee at various times since statehood. Before 1913 the method of execution was hanging. From 1913 to 1915 there was a hiatus on executions but they were reinstated in 1916 when electrocution became the new method. From 1972 to 1978, after the Supreme Court ruled (Furman v. Georgia... | How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960? | How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960? | [
"How many prisoners did Tennessee execute between 1916 and 1960?"
] | {
"text": [
"125"
],
"answer_start": [
593
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95062 | 571101b2b654c5140001faa1 | Age_of_Enlightenment | German historian Reinhart Koselleck claimed that "On the Continent there were two social structures that left a decisive imprint on the Age of Enlightenment: the Republic of Letters and the Masonic lodges." Scottish professor Thomas Munck argues that "although the Masons did promote international and cross-social conta... | The presence of whom in the French "lodges of adoption" formed in the 1780s was die to the close ties shared with aristocratic society? | The presence of whom in the French "lodges of adoption" formed in the 1780s was die to the close ties shared with aristocratic society? | [
"The presence of whom in the French \"lodges of adoption\" formed in the 1780s was die to the close ties shared with aristocratic society?"
] | {
"text": [
"noble women"
],
"answer_start": [
1049
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10964 | 5ad29eded7d075001a429c52 | Anthropology | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist... | What organization was founded in America in the 19th century? | What organization was founded in America in the 19th century? | [
"What organization was founded in America in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18852 | 572fc1dd947a6a140053cc5c | Premier_League | The league held its first season in 1992–93 and was originally composed of 22 clubs. The first ever Premier League goal was scored by Brian Deane of Sheffield United in a 2–1 win against Manchester United. The 22 inaugural members of the new Premier League were Arsenal, Aston Villa, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Coventry ... | When did the Premier League hold its first season? | When did the Premier League hold its first season? | [
"When did the Premier League hold its first season?"
] | {
"text": [
"The league held its first season in 1992–93"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76239 | 5a57f2c0770dc0001aeefeee | Utrecht | The area surrounding Utrecht Centraal railway station and the station itself were developed following modernist ideas of the 1960s, in a brutalist style. This led to the construction of the shopping mall Hoog Catharijne (nl), music centre Vredenburg (Hertzberger, 1979), and conversion of part of the ancient canal struc... | What followed the completion of the new center city buildings? | What followed the completion of the new center city buildings? | [
"What followed the completion of the new center city buildings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56398 | 5727951d708984140094e187 | Nonprofit_organization | Some NPOs which are particularly well known, often for the charitable or social nature of their activities performed during a long period of time, include Amnesty International, Oxfam, Rotary International, Kiwanis International, Carnegie Corporation of New York, Nourishing USA, DEMIRA Deutsche Minenräumer (German Mine... | Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment? | Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment? | [
"Which organization is a leader in promoting nature and preserving the enviornment?"
] | {
"text": [
"World Wide Fund for Nature"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86978 | 5a8cacfafd22b3001a8d8d1a | Biodiversity | The control of associated biodiversity is one of the great agricultural challenges that farmers face. On monoculture farms, the approach is generally to eradicate associated diversity using a suite of biologically destructive pesticides, mechanized tools and transgenic engineering techniques, then to rotate crops. Alth... | What is the approach on a biotechnology farm? | What is the approach on a biotechnology farm? | [
"What is the approach on a biotechnology farm?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71751 | 56f900f69e9bad19000a07b0 | Near_East | The United Nations formulates multiple regional divisions as is convenient for its various operations. But few of them include a Near East, and that poorly defined. UNICEF recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region, where the Middle East is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and includes Iran on the east. UNE... | Who recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region? | Who recognizes the "Middle East and North Africa" region? | [
"Who recognizes the \"Middle East and North Africa\" region?"
] | {
"text": [
"UNICEF"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79704 | 5ad01d1777cf76001a686a7e | Kievan_Rus%27 | From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als... | How late did the relationship between the Pecheneg and the Rus begin? | How late did the relationship between the Pecheneg and the Rus begin? | [
"How late did the relationship between the Pecheneg and the Rus begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114554 | 5ad247a4d7d075001a428b3a | Emotion | Phillip Bard contributed to the theory with his work on animals. Bard found that sensory, motor, and physiological information all had to pass through the diencephalon (particularly the thalamus), before being subjected to any further processing. Therefore, Cannon also argued that it was not anatomically possible for s... | What is the thalamus not a part of? | What is the thalamus not a part of? | [
"What is the thalamus not a part of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44397 | 57070fe09e06ca38007e9365 | Chihuahua_(state) | La Cueva De Las Ventanas (The Cave of Windows), a series of cliff dwellings along an important trade route, and Las Jarillas Cave scrambled along the canyons of the Sierra Madre in Northwestern Chihuahua date between AD 1205 and 1260 and belong to the Paquimé culture. Cuarenta Casas is thought to have been a branch set... | Along which mountain range does the Cave of Windows lie? | Along which mountain range does the Cave of Windows lie? | [
"Along which mountain range does the Cave of Windows lie?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sierra Madre"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6055 | 5ad022b677cf76001a686b5f | Late_Middle_Ages | Parallel to the military developments emerged also a constantly more elaborate chivalric code of conduct for the warrior class. This new-found ethos can be seen as a response to the diminishing military role of the aristocracy, and gradually it became almost entirely detached from its military origin. The spirit of chi... | Who co-founded the Order of St. George? | Who co-founded the Order of St. George? | [
"Who co-founded the Order of St. George?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66888 | 57282af42ca10214002d9fcd | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | What were the January incidents called? | What were the January incidents called? | [
"What were the January incidents called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Black January"
],
"answer_start": [
518
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42994 | 570d77cdb3d812140066d9bb | Franco-Prussian_War | While the French army under General MacMahon engaged the German 3rd Army at the Battle of Wörth, the German 1st Army under Steinmetz finished their advance west from Saarbrücken. A patrol from the German 2nd Army under Prince Friedrich Karl of Prussia spotted decoy fires close and Frossard's army farther off on a dista... | Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard? | Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard? | [
"Whose plan did German armies ignore in attacking Frossard?"
] | {
"text": [
"Moltke's"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15320 | 572fc6fbb2c2fd1400568454 | Hyderabad | Hyderabad sits at the junction of three National Highways linking it to six other states: NH-7 runs 2,369 km (1,472 mi) from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, in the north to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu, in the south; NH-9, runs 841 km (523 mi) east-west between Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, and Pune, Maharashtra; and the 280 km (... | How many state highways pass through or begin in Hyderabad? | How many state highways pass through or begin in Hyderabad? | [
"How many state highways pass through or begin in Hyderabad?"
] | {
"text": [
"Five"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98918 | 56de728f4396321400ee2926 | Heresy | The act of using Church of Scientology techniques in a form different than originally described by Hubbard is referred to within Scientology as "squirreling" and is said by Scientologists to be high treason. The Religious Technology Center has prosecuted breakaway groups that have practiced Scientology outside the offi... | What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission? | What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission? | [
"What institution has prosecuted groups that practice outside the official Church without permission?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Religious Technology Center"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65285 | 5726eef8f1498d1400e8f054 | Crimean_War | In June 1854, the Allied expeditionary force landed at Varna, a city on the Black Sea's western coast (now in Bulgaria). They made little advance from their base there.:175–176 In July 1854, the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854, engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and ... | The city of Varna is located on what coast of the Black Sea? | The city of Varna is located on what coast of the Black Sea? | [
"The city of Varna is located on what coast of the Black Sea?"
] | {
"text": [
"western coast"
],
"answer_start": [
88
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67309 | 5709d15f4103511400d59464 | Animal | The Platyzoa include the phylum Platyhelminthes, the flatworms. These were originally considered some of the most primitive Bilateria, but it now appears they developed from more complex ancestors. A number of parasites are included in this group, such as the flukes and tapeworms. Flatworms are acoelomates, lacking a b... | What is another name for flatworm? | What is another name for flatworm? | [
"What is another name for flatworm?"
] | {
"text": [
"Platyhelminthes"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45764 | 5ace23ca32bba1001ae49b8d | YouTube | YouTube does not usually offer a download link for its videos, and intends for them to be viewed through its website interface. A small number of videos, such as the weekly addresses by President Barack Obama, can be downloaded as MP4 files. Numerous third-party web sites, applications and browser plug-ins allow users ... | Whose weekly addresses could be downloaded as videos? | Whose weekly addresses could be downloaded as videos? | [
"Whose weekly addresses could be downloaded as videos?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90929 | 572aa3c1111d821400f38c6c | John_Kerry | During his tour on the guided missile frigate USS Gridley, Kerry requested duty in South Vietnam, listing as his first preference a position as the commander of a Fast Patrol Craft (PCF), also known as a "Swift boat." These 50-foot (15 m) boats have aluminum hulls and have little or no armor, but are heavily armed and ... | What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do? | What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do? | [
"What had Kerry expected the 'swift boats' to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"coastal patrolling"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31707 | 570d8d82b3d812140066da29 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The British dealt with range measurement first, when it was realised that range was the key to producing a better fuse setting. This led to the Height/Range Finder (HRF), the first model being the Barr & Stroud UB2, a 2-metre optical coincident rangefinder mounted on a tripod. It measured the distance to the target and... | What helped with better fuse setting? | What helped with better fuse setting? | [
"What helped with better fuse setting?"
] | {
"text": [
"range measurement"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66196 | 5a6524c6c2b11c001a425c84 | ASCII | Older operating systems such as TOPS-10, along with CP/M, tracked file length only in units of disk blocks and used Control-Z (SUB) to mark the end of the actual text in the file. For this reason, EOF, or end-of-file, was used colloquially and conventionally as a three-letter acronym for Control-Z instead of SUBstitute... | What is still the conventional use of the EOF code? | What is still the conventional use of the EOF code? | [
"What is still the conventional use of the EOF code?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49603 | 570d61a5b3d812140066d7a5 | Valencia | In March 2012, the newspaper El Mundo published a story according to which FGV had instructed employees who were to testify at the crash commission investigation, providing a set of possible questions and guidelines to prepare the answers. In April 2013, the television program Salvados questioned the official version o... | What TV program questioned the official account of the crash? | What TV program questioned the official account of the crash? | [
"What TV program questioned the official account of the crash?"
] | {
"text": [
"Salvados"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44630 | 570728b99e06ca38007e94bb | Chihuahua_(state) | A handful of families owned large estates (known as haciendas) and controlled the greater part of the land across the state while the vast majority of Chihuahuans were landless. The state economy was largely defined by ranching and mining. At the expense of the working class, the Díaz administration promoted economic g... | What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families? | What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families? | [
"What was the name of the large estates owned by wealthy families?"
] | {
"text": [
"haciendas"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94698 | 5726dd46f1498d1400e8edd0 | Queen_(band) | Under the supervision of May and Taylor, numerous restoration projects have been under way involving Queen's lengthy audio and video catalogue. DVD releases of their 1986 Wembley concert (titled Live at Wembley Stadium), 1982 Milton Keynes concert (Queen on Fire – Live at the Bowl), and two Greatest Video Hits (Volumes... | When was Queen's A Night at the Opera re-released? | When was Queen's A Night at the Opera re-released? | [
"When was Queen's A Night at the Opera re-released?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
675
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9598 | 5725ccf7271a42140099d203 | Montevideo | Palacio Salvo, at the intersection of 18 de Julio Avenue and Plaza Independencia, was designed by the architect Mario Palanti and completed in 1925. Palanti, an Italian immigrant living in Buenos Aires, used a similar design for his Palacio Barolo in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Palacio Salvo stands 100 metres (330 ft) hig... | Who designed the Palacio Salvo? | Who designed the Palacio Salvo? | [
"Who designed the Palacio Salvo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mario Palanti"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98726 | 5a5fe372eae51e001ab14ce7 | Marvel_Comics | In April 2013, Marvel and other Disney conglomerate components began announcing joint projects. With ABC, a Once Upon a Time graphic novel was announced for publication in September. With Disney, Marvel announced in October 2013 that in January 2014 it would release its first title under their joint "Disney Kingdoms" i... | When did Disney and Marvel announce they were ending joint projects? | When did Disney and Marvel announce they were ending joint projects? | [
"When did Disney and Marvel announce they were ending joint projects?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73210 | 56d3730659d6e4140014640c | American_Idol | Season three premiered on January 19, 2004. One of the most talked-about contestants during the audition process was William Hung whose off-key rendition of Ricky Martin's "She Bangs" received widespread attention. His exposure on Idol landed him a record deal and surprisingly he became the third best-selling singer fr... | Which contestant was best known for his bad audition of "She Bangs"? | Which contestant was best known for his bad audition of "She Bangs"? | [
"Which contestant was best known for his bad audition of \"She Bangs\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Hung"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99054 | 572782aff1498d1400e8fa39 | Turner_Classic_Movies | Most Paramount sound releases made prior to 1950 are owned by EMKA, Ltd./NBCUniversal Television Distribution, while Paramount (currently owned by Viacom) holds on to most of its post-1949 releases, which are distributed for television by Trifecta Entertainment & Media. Columbia's film output is owned by Sony (through ... | Who owns Walt Disney Studios? | Who owns Walt Disney Studios? | [
"Who owns Walt Disney Studios?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Walt Disney Company"
],
"answer_start": [
511
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76374 | 5a39950a2f14dd001ac72420 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Saint Barthélemy was for many years a French commune forming part of Guadeloupe, which is an overseas region and department of France. Through a referendum in 2003, island residents sought separation from the administrative jurisdiction of Guadeloupe, and it was finally accomplished in 2007. The island of Saint Barthél... | In what year was the Hotel de Ville built? | In what year was the Hotel de Ville built? | [
"In what year was the Hotel de Ville built?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80337 | 572fb448947a6a140053cbbf | Bacteria | Fimbriae (sometimes called "attachment pili") are fine filaments of protein, usually 2–10 nanometres in diameter and up to several micrometers in length. They are distributed over the surface of the cell, and resemble fine hairs when seen under the electron microscope. Fimbriae are believed to be involved in attachment... | What are pili? | What are pili? | [
"What are pili?"
] | {
"text": [
"cellular appendages"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62373 | 5728e2be4b864d190016501a | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | Following the 1974–75 Loans Affair, the Malcolm Fraser led Liberal-Country Party Coalition argued that the Whitlam Government was incompetent and delayed passage of the Government's money bills in the Senate, until the government would promise a new election. Whitlam refused, Fraser insisted leading to the divisive 197... | Who won the 1975 election by large margin? | Who won the 1975 election by large margin? | [
"Who won the 1975 election by large margin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fraser"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105972 | 56e0e8b47aa994140058e79d | Space_Race | On January 31, 1958, nearly four months after the launch of Sputnik 1, von Braun and the United States successfully launched its first satellite on a four-stage Juno I rocket derived from the US Army's Redstone missile, at Cape Canaveral. The satellite Explorer 1 was 30.8 pounds (14.0 kg) in mass. It carried a micromet... | The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements? | The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements? | [
"The Explorer gathered what 3 measurements?"
] | {
"text": [
"cosmic ray and radiation levels, the temperature in the spacecraft, and the frequency of collisions with micrometeorites"
],
"answer_start": [
916
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68610 | 5a2f3f52a83784001a7d2688 | Mesozoic | The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M... | The Mesozoic was a time devoid of what activity? | The Mesozoic was a time devoid of what activity? | [
"The Mesozoic was a time devoid of what activity?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78983 | 56cd953262d2951400fa6749 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Ganondorf then revives, and Midna teleports Link and Zelda outside the castle so she can hold him off with the Fused Shadows. However, as Hyrule Castle collapses, it is revealed that Ganondorf was victorious as he crushes Midna's helmet. Ganondorf engages Link on horseback, and, assisted by Zelda and the Light Spirits,... | To what part of his body does Link deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf? | To what part of his body does Link deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf? | [
"To what part of his body does Link deliver the killing blow to Ganondorf?"
] | {
"text": [
"chest"
],
"answer_start": [
463
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9344 | 570e6d560dc6ce1900205052 | Order_of_the_British_Empire | From 1940, the Sovereign could appoint a person as a Commander, Officer or Member of the Order of the British Empire for gallantry for acts of bravery (not in the face of the enemy) below the level required for the George Medal. The grade was determined by the same criteria as usual, and not by the level of gallantry (... | When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry? | When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry? | [
"When was the awards designated the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry?"
] | {
"text": [
"14 January 1958"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64625 | 5733f165d058e614000b663b | Portugal | Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilia... | Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what? | Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what? | [
"Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"former colonies and territories"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25930 | 5a836094e60761001a2eb62f | Copper | The alloy of copper and nickel, called cupronickel, is used in low-denomination coins, often for the outer cladding. The US 5-cent coin called a nickel consists of 75% copper and 25% nickel and has a homogeneous composition. The alloy consisting of 90% copper and 10% nickel is remarkable for its resistance to corrosion... | What is the liquid of copper and nickel called? | What is the liquid of copper and nickel called? | [
"What is the liquid of copper and nickel called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14838 | 5ad3ce26604f3c001a3ff1b1 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | It must be emphasized, however, that an entity is not merely a sum of its relations, but also a valuation of them and reaction to them. For Whitehead, creativity is the absolute principle of existence, and every entity (whether it is a human being, a tree, or an electron) has some degree of novelty in how it responds t... | An entity is not a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else? | An entity is not a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else? | [
" An entity is not a sum of relations, a valuation of them and what else?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58664 | 5a46accd5fd40d001a27dc5e | Rajasthan | Rajasthan (/ˈrɑːdʒəstæn/ Hindustani pronunciation: [raːdʒəsˈt̪ʰaːn] ( listen); literally, "Land of Kings") is India's largest state by area (342,239 square kilometres (132,139 sq mi) or 10.4% of India's total area). It is located on the western side of the country, where it comprises most of the wide and inhospitable T... | What percentage of total area does the Thar Desert take up in Punjab? | What percentage of total area does the Thar Desert take up in Punjab? | [
"What percentage of total area does the Thar Desert take up in Punjab?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60897 | 570b2dd76b8089140040f7d5 | Gregorian_calendar | "Old Style" (OS) and "New Style" (NS) are sometimes added to dates to identify which system is used in the British Empire and other countries that did not immediately change. Because the Calendar Act of 1750 altered the start of the year, and also aligned the British calendar with the Gregorian calendar, there is some ... | When was the Calendar act enacted? | When was the Calendar act enacted? | [
"When was the Calendar act enacted?"
] | {
"text": [
"1750"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64911 | 5ad1274f645df0001a2d0f9a | Renewable_energy_commercialization | During the five-years from the end of 2004 through 2009, worldwide renewable energy capacity grew at rates of 10–60 percent annually for many technologies. In 2011, UN under-secretary general Achim Steiner said: "The continuing growth in this core segment of the green economy is not happening by chance. The combination... | Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity drop at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually? | Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity drop at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually? | [
"Between what years did worldwide renewable energy capacity drop at rates of 10 to 60 percent annually?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16876 | 5725bc2838643c19005acc19 | Israel | Meanwhile, Begin's government provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank, increasing friction with the Palestinians in that area. The Basic Law: Jerusalem, the Capital of Israel, passed in 1980, was believed by some to reaffirm Israel's 1967 annexation of Jerusalem by government decree, and re... | Who provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank? | Who provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank? | [
"Who provided incentives for Israelis to settle in the occupied West Bank?"
] | {
"text": [
"Begin's government"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42973 | 570d74e0fed7b91900d46152 | Franco-Prussian_War | The French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd (1,100 m). It was developed... | What was the range of the mitrailleuse? | What was the range of the mitrailleuse? | [
"What was the range of the mitrailleuse?"
] | {
"text": [
"1,200 yd (1,100 m)"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95388 | 56dfc5897aa994140058e190 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | Bell's coffin was constructed of Beinn Bhreagh pine by his laboratory staff, lined with the same red silk fabric used in his tetrahedral kite experiments. To help celebrate his life, his wife asked guests not to wear black (the traditional funeral color) while attending his service, during which soloist Jean MacDonald ... | What color were attendees asked to not wear at Bell's funeral? | What color were attendees asked to not wear at Bell's funeral? | [
"What color were attendees asked to not wear at Bell's funeral?"
] | {
"text": [
"black"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109054 | 5a7a60b221c2de001afe9bbe | Literature | A literary technique or literary device can be used by authors in order to enhance the written framework of a piece of literature, and produce specific effects. Literary techniques encompass a wide range of approaches to crafting a work: whether a work is narrated in first-person or from another perspective, whether to... | Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature? | Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature? | [
"Literary techniques are used to disenhance the what of a piece of literature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13638 | 5726fc9f5951b619008f841d | Glacier | Tidewater glaciers are glaciers that terminate in the sea, including most glaciers flowing from Greenland, Antarctica, Baffin and Ellesmere Islands in Canada, Southeast Alaska, and the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve, forming icebergs. Most tidewater g... | How are icebergs formed? | How are icebergs formed? | [
"How are icebergs formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39709 | 5727955bf1498d1400e8fcd3 | FA_Cup | Many[who?] expected BSkyB to make a bid to show some of the remaining FA Cup games for the remainder of the 2009–10 season which would include a semi-final and shared rights to the final. ESPN took over the package Setanta held for the FA Cup from the 2010–11 season. The 2011 final was also shown live on Sky 3D in addi... | What year did this take place? | What year did this take place? | [
"What year did this take place? "
] | {
"text": [
"the 2013–14 season"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87490 | 56d3d0c42ccc5a1400d82ead | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | Furthermore, despite the novel's thematic focus on racial injustice, its black characters are not fully examined. In its use of racial epithets, stereotyped depictions of superstitious blacks, and Calpurnia, who to some critics is an updated version of the "contented slave" motif and to others simply unexplored, the bo... | According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing? | According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing? | [
"According to one consultant, which group found the book demoralizing?"
] | {
"text": [
"black students"
],
"answer_start": [
930
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55494 | 5acfc68477cf76001a685e99 | Presbyterianism | The Westminster Confession is "The principal subordinate standard of the Church of Scotland" but "with due regard to liberty of opinion in points which do not enter into the substance of the Faith" (V). This formulation represents many years of struggle over the extent to which the confession reflects the Word of God a... | Who believed fully in the Word of God? | Who believed fully in the Word of God? | [
"Who believed fully in the Word of God?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43645 | 5726ec2bdd62a815002e955b | Korean_War | Chinese troops suffered from deficient military equipment, serious logistical problems, overextended communication and supply lines, and the constant threat of UN bombers. All of these factors generally led to a rate of Chinese casualties that was far greater than the casualties suffered by UN troops. The situation bec... | What did Zhou Enlai do as a result of the significant amount of Chinese casualties? | What did Zhou Enlai do as a result of the significant amount of Chinese casualties? | [
"What did Zhou Enlai do as a result of the significant amount of Chinese casualties?"
] | {
"text": [
"called a conference in Shenyang"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57480 | 5ad213b8d7d075001a428352 | Quran | The term also has closely related synonyms that are employed throughout the Quran. Each synonym possesses its own distinct meaning, but its use may converge with that of qurʼān in certain contexts. Such terms include kitāb (book); āyah (sign); and sūrah (scripture). The latter two terms also denote units of revelation.... | Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as "puncture"? | Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as "puncture"? | [
"Which term does the Quran use to refer to itself as \"puncture\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29787 | 5ad16eee645df0001a2d1b1a | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) |
In the Catholic Church, Mary is accorded the title "Blessed", (from Latin beatus, blessed, via Greek μακάριος, makarios and Latin facere, make) in recognition of her assumption to Heaven and her capacity to intercede on behalf of those who pray to her. Catholic teachings make clear that Mary is not considered divine a... | Where does Mary send prayers to? | Where does Mary send prayers to? | [
"Where does Mary send prayers to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45131 | 5ace3d4332bba1001ae49fe7 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced their global strategic partnership to leverage combined worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rightsholders. | SEM partnered with whom? | SEM partnered with whom? | [
"SEM partnered with whom?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32618 | 5ad2db41d7d075001a42a4e7 | Antarctica | In 2002 the Antarctic Peninsula's Larsen-B ice shelf collapsed. Between 28 February and 8 March 2008, about 570 km2 (220 sq mi) of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf on the southwest part of the peninsula collapsed, putting the remaining 15,000 km2 (5,800 sq mi) of the ice shelf at risk. The ice was being held back by a "t... | When did 570 sq mi of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf collapse? | When did 570 sq mi of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf collapse? | [
"When did 570 sq mi of ice from the Wilkins Ice Shelf collapse?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64545 | 5733a8ffd058e614000b5f9f | Portugal | Despite the calamity and huge death toll, Lisbon suffered no epidemics and within less than one year was already being rebuilt. The new city centre of Lisbon was designed to resist subsequent earthquakes. Architectural models were built for tests, and the effects of an earthquake were simulated by marching troops aroun... | Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity? | Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity? | [
"Did Lisbon suffer any epidemics from the calamity?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lisbon suffered no epidemics"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55466 | 572664a15951b619008f716e | Presbyterianism | Above the sessions exist presbyteries, which have area responsibilities. These are composed of teaching elders and ruling elders from each of the constituent congregations. The presbytery sends representatives to a broader regional or national assembly, generally known as the General Assembly, although an intermediate ... | In the American and Ireland Presbyterian church, which step is generally skipped? | In the American and Ireland Presbyterian church, which step is generally skipped? | [
"In the American and Ireland Presbyterian church, which step is generally skipped?"
] | {
"text": [
"Synod"
],
"answer_start": [
759
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16711 | 572a8598111d821400f38ba5 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek disapproved of the notion of 'social justice'. He compared the market to a game in which 'there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust' and argued that 'social justice is an empty phrase with no determinable content'; likewise "the results of the individual's efforts are necessarily unpredictable, and ... | How did Hayek feel regarding income distribution? | How did Hayek feel regarding income distribution? | [
"How did Hayek feel regarding income distribution?"
] | {
"text": [
"there is no point in calling the outcome just or unjust"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94234 | 5a7e592670df9f001a8757a5 | Cork_(city) | St. Patrick's Street, the main street of the city which was remodelled in the mid-2000s, is known for the architecture of the buildings along its pedestrian-friendly route and is the main shopping thoroughfare. The reason for its curved shape is that it originally was a channel of the River Lee that was built over on a... | Why does the General Post Office have a curved shape? | Why does the General Post Office have a curved shape? | [
"Why does the General Post Office have a curved shape?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52224 | 572a7db5f75d5e190021fae8 | Miami | In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" and "That's the Way (I Like It)"; and the Latin-American disco group, Foxy (band), with their hit singles "Get Off" and ... | In what decade was disco popular? | In what decade was disco popular? | [
"In what decade was disco popular?"
] | {
"text": [
"1970s"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56901 | 5727e92d2ca10214002d9952 | Gramophone_record | Due to recording mastering and manufacturing limitations, both high and low frequencies were removed from the first recorded signals by various formulae. With low frequencies, the stylus must swing a long way from side to side, requiring the groove to be wide, taking up more space and limiting the playing time of the r... | What is a limitation of low frequency recordings? | What is a limitation of low frequency recordings? | [
"What is a limitation of low frequency recordings?"
] | {
"text": [
"limiting the playing time"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48688 | 57284c23ff5b5019007da11e | War_on_Terror | Support for the U.S. cooled when America made clear its determination to invade Iraq in late 2002. Even so, many of the "coalition of the willing" countries that unconditionally supported the U.S.-led military action have sent troops to Afghanistan, particular neighboring Pakistan, which has disowned its earlier suppor... | How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban? | How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban? | [
"How many soldiers did Pakistan contribute to fight the Taliban?"
] | {
"text": [
"tens of thousands"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80448 | 572fe57704bcaa1900d76e73 | Bacteria | Each species of pathogen has a characteristic spectrum of interactions with its human hosts. Some organisms, such as Staphylococcus or Streptococcus, can cause skin infections, pneumonia, meningitis and even overwhelming sepsis, a systemic inflammatory response producing shock, massive vasodilation and death. Yet these... | How pathogenes interact with it's human host? | How pathogenes interact with it's human host? | [
"How pathogenes interact with it's human host?"
] | {
"text": [
"pathogen has a characteristic spectrum of interactions"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111304 | 5731cd7fe17f3d1400422429 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the Regal era, a rex sacrorum (king of the sacred rites) supervised regal and state rites in conjunction with the king (rex) or in his absence, and announced the public festivals. He had little or no civil authority. With the abolition of monarchy, the collegial power and influence of the Republican pontifices incre... | Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings? | Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings? | [
"Who supervised sacred rites during the era of kings?"
] | {
"text": [
"rex sacrorum"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98744 | 5a5fe5d0eae51e001ab14cf9 | Marvel_Comics | Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo... | What does Universal Studios plan to do with their Marvel contract? | What does Universal Studios plan to do with their Marvel contract? | [
"What does Universal Studios plan to do with their Marvel contract?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26991 | 5709ee056d058f1900182c3a | United_States_dollar | The monetary base consists of coins and Federal Reserve Notes in circulation outside the Federal Reserve Banks and the U.S. Treasury, plus deposits held by depository institutions at Federal Reserve Banks. The adjusted monetary base has increased from approximately 400 billion dollars in 1994, to 800 billion in 2005, a... | What would the Federal Reserve buy to try and increase money supply? | What would the Federal Reserve buy to try and increase money supply? | [
"What would the Federal Reserve buy to try and increase money supply?"
] | {
"text": [
"securities"
],
"answer_start": [
751
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52775 | 5a73acce42eae6001a389962 | Political_party | The freedom to form, declare membership in, or campaign for candidates from a political party is considered a measurement of a state's adherence to liberal democracy as a political value. Regulation of parties may run from a crackdown on or repression of all opposition parties, a norm for authoritarian governments, to ... | What is one right that is not the norm for authoritarian governments? | What is one right that is not the norm for authoritarian governments? | [
"What is one right that is not the norm for authoritarian governments?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-366 | 56f959be9b226e1400dd137f | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Fath... | In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands? | In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands? | [
"In what year did Father Erdland leave the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35628 | 5709d1556d058f1900182bcd | Imperial_College_London | In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the Col... | When did Imperial abandon their science park program? | When did Imperial abandon their science park program? | [
"When did Imperial abandon their science park program?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 2006"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53374 | 5727b8623acd2414000dea88 | Sichuan | According to the Sichuan Department of Commerce, the province's total foreign trade was US$22.04 billion in 2008, with an annual increase of 53.3 percent. Exports were US$13.1 billion, an annual increase of 52.3 percent, while imports were US$8.93 billion, an annual increase of 54.7 percent. These achievements were acc... | What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008? | What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008? | [
"What was the export level of Sichuan in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"US$13.1 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80159 | 5a6287f1f8d794001af1c0b2 | Samoa | The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces... | In how many tons is the annual production of coffee? | In how many tons is the annual production of coffee? | [
"In how many tons is the annual production of coffee?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94499 | 57267ca5708984140094c7b9 | Queen_(band) | The single "Killer Queen" from Sheer Heart Attack reached number two on the British charts, and became their first US hit, reaching number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100. It combines camp, vaudeville, and British music hall with May's guitar virtuosity. The album's second single, "Now I'm Here", a more traditional hard ro... | What Queen song is known as an early speed metal song? | What Queen song is known as an early speed metal song? | [
"What Queen song is known as an early speed metal song?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stone Cold Crazy"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58962 | 5a303543f1f7c7001ab92ccf | A_cappella | Present-day Christian religious bodies known for conducting their worship services without musical accompaniment include some Presbyterian churches devoted to the regulative principle of worship, Old Regular Baptists, Primitive Baptists, Plymouth Brethren, Churches of Christ, the Old German Baptist Brethren, Doukhobors... | What church services use Sacred Harp, that is a practice from apostolic times? | What church services use Sacred Harp, that is a practice from apostolic times? | [
"What church services use Sacred Harp, that is a practice from apostolic times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59349 | 5a20a8b08a6e4f001aa08e15 | Alloy | While the use of iron started to become more widespread around 1200 BC, mainly because of interruptions in the trade routes for tin, the metal is much softer than bronze. However, very small amounts of steel, (an alloy of iron and around 1% carbon), was always a byproduct of the bloomery process. The ability to modify ... | The softness of what could be modified in 1100 BC? | The softness of what could be modified in 1100 BC? | [
"The softness of what could be modified in 1100 BC?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80043 | 5a624829f8d794001af1bf38 | Samoa | Britain also sent troops to protect British business enterprise, harbour rights, and consulate office. This was followed by an eight-year civil war, during which each of the three powers supplied arms, training and in some cases combat troops to the warring Samoan parties. The Samoan crisis came to a critical juncture ... | On what date did the Samoans stand and fight for their own interests? | On what date did the Samoans stand and fight for their own interests? | [
"On what date did the Samoans stand and fight for their own interests?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90525 | 5731b3cab9d445190005e482 | Pacific_War | The Pacific War saw the Allied powers pitted against the Empire of Japan, the latter briefly aided by Thailand and to a much lesser extent by its Axis allies, Germany and Italy. The war culminated in the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and other large aerial bomb attacks by the United States Army Air Forces,... | When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria? | When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria? | [
"When did the Soviet Union invade Manchuria?"
] | {
"text": [
"8 August 1945"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
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