gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-53912 | 5ad3e0ba604f3c001a3ff4dd | Canadian_Armed_Forces | During the Cold War, a principal focus of Canadian defence policy was contributing to the security of Europe in the face of the Soviet military threat. Toward that end, Canadian ground and air forces were based in Europe from the early 1950s until the early 1990s. | What war were the CAAF involved in? | What war were the CAAF involved in? | [
"What war were the CAAF involved in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56664 | 572792d6dd62a815002ea0c7 | Gramophone_record | The earliest disc records (1889–1894) were made of various materials including hard rubber. Around 1895, a shellac-based compound was introduced and became standard. Exact formulas for this compound varied by manufacturer and over the course of time, but it was typically composed of about one-third shellac and about tw... | What was the standard material for discs around 1895? | What was the standard material for discs around 1895? | [
"What was the standard material for discs around 1895?"
] | {
"text": [
"a shellac-based compound"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79603 | 5ad0131077cf76001a6868d4 | Kievan_Rus%27 | An unconventional power succession system was established (rota system) whereby power was transferred to the eldest member of the ruling dynasty rather than from father to son, i.e. in most cases to the eldest brother of the ruler, fomenting constant hatred and rivalry within the royal family.[citation needed] Familici... | What was not deployed when trying to gain power? | What was not deployed when trying to gain power? | [
"What was not deployed when trying to gain power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72827 | 570fde875ab6b81900391088 | Dell | In 1986, Michael Dell brought in Lee Walker, a 51-year-old venture capitalist, as president and chief operating officer, to serve as Michael's mentor and implement Michael's ideas for growing the company. Walker was also instrumental in recruiting members to the board of directors when the company went public in 1988. ... | What did Lee Walker recruit members to Dell for? | What did Lee Walker recruit members to Dell for? | [
"What did Lee Walker recruit members to Dell for?"
] | {
"text": [
"board of directors"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101701 | 56d627261c85041400946f3f | Dog | Anthropologists believe the most significant benefit would have been the use of dogs' robust sense of smell to assist with the hunt. The relationship between the presence of a dog and success in the hunt is often mentioned as a primary reason for the domestication of the wolf, and a 2004 study of hunter groups with and... | What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them? | What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them? | [
"What year was research completed to demonstrate humans benefited by having dogs hunt with them?"
] | {
"text": [
"2004"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57365 | 5a544d4c134fea001a0e1703 | Muslim_world | The two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe the true political succes... | What denominations agree on how the faithful should be governed? | What denominations agree on how the faithful should be governed? | [
"What denominations agree on how the faithful should be governed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52093 | 572a7506fed8de19000d5c27 | Miami | The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for t... | What notable theater is present in Overtown? | What notable theater is present in Overtown? | [
"What notable theater is present in Overtown?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lyric"
],
"answer_start": [
735
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104025 | 5a07f52b3fc87400182070ae | Infrared | The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude... | What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows? | What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows? | [
"What is the ideal location for atmospheric windows?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111833 | 5727707df1498d1400e8f824 | On_the_Origin_of_Species | The book was written for non-specialist readers and attracted widespread interest upon its publication. As Darwin was an eminent scientist, his findings were taken seriously and the evidence he presented generated scientific, philosophical, and religious discussion. The debate over the book contributed to the campaign ... | What was T.H. Huxley promoting? | What was T.H. Huxley promoting? | [
"What was T.H. Huxley promoting?"
] | {
"text": [
"scientific naturalism"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103905 | 573426864776f41900661980 | Montana | Under Territorial Governor Thomas Meagher, Montanans held a constitutional convention in 1866 in a failed bid for statehood. A second constitutional convention was held in Helena in 1884 that produced a constitution ratified 3:1 by Montana citizens in November 1884. For political reasons, Congress did not approve Monta... | What year was Montana's statehood approved? | What year was Montana's statehood approved? | [
"What year was Montana's statehood approved?"
] | {
"text": [
"1889"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106797 | 57268361708984140094c893 | East_India_Company | "Azure, three ships with three masts, rigged and under full sail, the sails, pennants and ensigns Argent, each charged with a cross Gules; on a chief of the second a pale quarterly Azure and Gules, on the 1st and 4th a fleur-de-lis or, on the 2nd and 3rd a leopard or, between two roses Gules seeded Or barbed Vert." The... | What does DEUS INDICAT mean? | What does DEUS INDICAT mean? | [
"What does DEUS INDICAT mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"God Indicates"
],
"answer_start": [
526
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107253 | 57346156acc1501500babe5a | Hunting | A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented cam... | Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist? | Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist? | [
"Where is it estimated that a hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tanzania"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68103 | 5ad420e3604f3c001a40071f | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston is known for its unique culture, which blends traditional Southern U.S., English, French, and West African elements. The downtown peninsula has gained a reputation for its art, music, local cuisine, and fashion. Spoleto Festival USA, held annually in late spring, has become one of the world's major performin... | What season isn't Spoleto Festival USA held? | What season isn't Spoleto Festival USA held? | [
"What season isn't Spoleto Festival USA held?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50792 | 572e8e84dfa6aa1500f8d11f | Seven_Years%27_War | The Hanoverian king George II of Great Britain was passionately devoted to his family’s continental holdings, but his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas. If war against France for colonial expansion was to be resumed, then Hanover had to be secured against Franco... | What was the house of king George II? | What was the house of king George II? | [
"What was the house of king George II?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hanover"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73810 | 56df02483277331400b4d8a2 | Warsaw_Pact | Before creation of Warsaw Pact, fearing Germany rearmed, Czechoslovak leadership sought to create security pact with East Germany and Poland. These states protested strongly against re-militarization of West Germany. The Warsaw Pact was primarily put in place as a consequence of the rearming of West Germany inside NATO... | Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament? | Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament? | [
"Which country sought NATO admission in response to the fear of German rearmament?"
] | {
"text": [
"the USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
817
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29629 | 5ad15331645df0001a2d177a | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Ephesus is a cultic centre of Mary, the site of the first Church dedicated to her and the rumoured place of her death. Ephesus was previously a centre for worship of Artemis a virgin goddess. The Temple of Artemis at Ephesus being regarded as one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World The cult of Mary was furthered ... | Who read the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion"? | Who read the book, "Survivals of Roman Religion"? | [
"Who read the book, \"Survivals of Roman Religion\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81024 | 5ad17de4645df0001a2d1e24 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi... | Who was the last reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain? | Who was the last reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain? | [
"Who was the last reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70732 | 5730efe2e6313a140071cac7 | Bird | Many species of birds are economically important. Domesticated and undomesticated birds (poultry and game) are important sources of eggs, meat, and feathers. Songbirds, parrots, and other species are popular as pets. Guano (bird excrement) is harvested for use as a fertilizer. Birds prominently figure throughout human ... | What is guano? | What is guano? | [
"What is guano?"
] | {
"text": [
"bird excrement"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113370 | 5a87783e1d3cee001a6a11e0 | Vacuum | In the medieval Middle Eastern world, the physicist and Islamic scholar, Al-Farabi (Alpharabius, 872–950), conducted a small experiment concerning the existence of vacuum, in which he investigated handheld plungers in water.[unreliable source?] He concluded that air's volume can expand to fill available space, and he s... | What did Aristotle investigate to test the existence of a vacuum? | What did Aristotle investigate to test the existence of a vacuum? | [
"What did Aristotle investigate to test the existence of a vacuum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-553 | 56de6ac44396321400ee28b6 | Plymouth | During the 16th century locally produced wool was the major export commodity. Plymouth was the home port for successful maritime traders, among them Sir John Hawkins, who led England's first foray into the Atlantic slave trade, as well as Sir Francis Drake, Mayor of Plymouth in 1581 and 1593. According to legend, Drake... | Who served as Plymouth's mayor in 1593? | Who served as Plymouth's mayor in 1593? | [
"Who served as Plymouth's mayor in 1593?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sir Francis Drake"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91695 | 57274968dd62a815002e9a88 | Botany | Inheritance in plants follows the same fundamental principles of genetics as in other multicellular organisms. Gregor Mendel discovered the genetic laws of inheritance by studying inherited traits such as shape in Pisum sativum (peas). What Mendel learned from studying plants has had far reaching benefits outside of bo... | Does inheritance work differently in plants? | Does inheritance work differently in plants? | [
"Does inheritance work differently in plants?"
] | {
"text": [
"same fundamental principles of genetics"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14997 | 5ad3d949604f3c001a3ff39d | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Historically Whitehead's work has been most influential in the field of American progressive theology. The most important early proponent of Whitehead's thought in a theological context was Charles Hartshorne, who spent a semester at Harvard as Whitehead's teaching assistant in 1925, and is widely credited with develop... | What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is not attributed to Charles Hartshorne? | What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is not attributed to Charles Hartshorne? | [
"What advancement of Whitehead's process philosophy is not attributed to Charles Hartshorne?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62331 | 5a6a60c0a9e0c9001a4e9dc2 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | In 1951, during the early stages of the Cold War, Menzies spoke of the possibility of a looming third world war. The Menzies Government entered Australia's first formal military alliance outside of the British Commonwealth with the signing of the ANZUS Treaty between Australia, New Zealand and the United States in San ... | Where was the signing of the NATO Treaty held in 1951? | Where was the signing of the NATO Treaty held in 1951? | [
"Where was the signing of the NATO Treaty held in 1951?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85701 | 5ad2b236d7d075001a429f7e | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its... | the unoriginal design of the controller was what shape? | the unoriginal design of the controller was what shape? | [
" the unoriginal design of the controller was what shape?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33292 | 5ad1a692645df0001a2d2180 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent lamps are nearly pure resistive loads with a power factor of 1. This means the actual power consumed (in watts) and the apparent power (in volt-amperes) are equal. Incandescent light bulbs are usually marketed according to the electrical power consumed. This is measured in watts and depends mainly on the r... | How does wattage not affect light emitted? | How does wattage not affect light emitted? | [
"How does wattage not affect light emitted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54544 | 570ce2e6fed7b91900d45a7d | Macintosh | When Steve Jobs returned to Apple in 1997 following the company's purchase of NeXT, he ordered that the OS that had been previewed as version 7.7 be branded Mac OS 8 (in place of the never-to-appear Copland OS). Since Apple had licensed only System 7 to third parties, this move effectively ended the clone line. The dec... | What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end? | What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end? | [
"What did the branding of the Mac OS 8 effectively end?"
] | {
"text": [
"the clone line"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63891 | 572804e7ff5b5019007d9b0c | USB | Handshake packets consist of only a single PID byte, and are generally sent in response to data packets. Error detection is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form. Three basic types are ACK, indicating that data was successfully received, NA... | What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form? | What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form? | [
"What is provided by transmitting four bits that represent the packet type twice, in a single PID byte using complemented form?"
] | {
"text": [
"Error detection"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106601 | 57262b91271a42140099d6de | East_India_Company | In September 1695, Captain Henry Every, an English pirate on board the Fancy, reached the Straits of Bab-el-Mandeb, where he teamed up with five other pirate captains to make an attack on the Indian fleet making the annual voyage to Mocha. The Mughal convoy included the treasure-laden Ganj-i-Sawai, reported to be the g... | waht was the name of largest ship operating in the Indian ocean? | waht was the name of largest ship operating in the Indian ocean? | [
"waht was the name of largest ship operating in the Indian ocean?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ganj-i-Sawai,"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69805 | 5ad49966ba00c4001a268d1a | Windows_8 | Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. A... | What apps can't one expect the Photos app to match with? | What apps can't one expect the Photos app to match with? | [
"What apps can't one expect the Photos app to match with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34332 | 56f86064aef237190062602d | Southampton | Southampton has been used for military embarkation, including during 18th-century wars with the French, the Crimean war, and the Boer War. Southampton was designated No. 1 Military Embarkation port during the Great War and became a major centre for treating the returning wounded and POWs. It was also central to the pre... | What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century? | What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century? | [
"What did the military use Southampton for during wars in the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"embarkation"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9284 | 57326cefe99e3014001e67a6 | The_Bronx | Bronx native Nancy Savoca's 1989 comedy, True Love, explores two Italian-American Bronx sweethearts in the days before their wedding. The film, which debuted Annabella Sciorra and Ron Eldard as the betrothed couple, won the Grand Jury Prize at that year's Sundance Film Festival. The CBS television sitcom Becker, 1998–2... | When was 'True Love' released? | When was 'True Love' released? | [
"When was 'True Love' released?"
] | {
"text": [
"1989"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75853 | 5706049c52bb8914006897b4 | The_Times | In May 2008 printing of The Times switched from Wapping to new plants at Broxbourne on the outskirts of London, and Merseyside and Glasgow, enabling the paper to be produced with full colour on every page for the first time. | In May 2008, The Times switched to new plants which allowed for what kind of feature to be printed on every page for the first time? | In May 2008, The Times switched to new plants which allowed for what kind of feature to be printed on every page for the first time? | [
"In May 2008, The Times switched to new plants which allowed for what kind of feature to be printed on every page for the first time?"
] | {
"text": [
"full colour"
],
"answer_start": [
179
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111729 | 5acd810107355d001abf44af | Education | Some claim that there is education inequality because children did not exceed the education of their parents. This education inequality is then associated with income inequality. Although critical thinking is a goal of education, criticism and blame are often the unintended by products of our current educational proces... | Who do students never blame for their education short comings? | Who do students never blame for their education short comings? | [
" Who do students never blame for their education short comings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72261 | 57263f6189a1e219009ac5d6 | Greece | After years of negotiation, three Great Powers, Russia, the United Kingdom and France, decided to intervene in the conflict and each nation sent a navy to Greece. Following news that combined Ottoman–Egyptian fleets were going to attack the Greek island of Hydra, the allied fleet intercepted the Ottoman–Egyptian fleet ... | What was the agreement that recognized Greece as a state called? | What was the agreement that recognized Greece as a state called? | [
"What was the agreement that recognized Greece as a state called?"
] | {
"text": [
"London Protocol"
],
"answer_start": [
725
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68909 | 572f466bb2c2fd1400567fc1 | Modern_history | The creation of a modern industrial economy took place. With the creation of a transportation and communication infrastructure, the corporation became the dominant form of business organization and a managerial revolution transformed business operations. In 1890, Congress passed the Sherman Antitrust Act—the source of ... | What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts? | What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts? | [
"What was he Standard Oil Group determined to be by the courts?"
] | {
"text": [
"an \"unreasonable\" monopoly"
],
"answer_start": [
884
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64690 | 5734061fd058e614000b67ef | Portugal | Industry is diversified, ranging from automotive (Volkswagen Autoeuropa and Peugeot Citroen), aerospace (Embraer and OGMA), electronics and textiles, to food, chemicals, cement and wood pulp. Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa motor vehicle assembly plant in Palmela is among the largest foreign direct investment projects in... | Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located? | Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located? | [
"Where is Volkswagen Group's AutoEuropa assembly plant located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Palmela"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82132 | 57268054dd62a815002e8765 | Pesticide | Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest. They are a class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, fungi, or insects. This... | What is the purpose of a pesticide? | What is the purpose of a pesticide? | [
"What is the purpose of a pesticide?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pesticides are substances meant for attracting, seducing, and then destroying any pest"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112117 | 5728d9f14b864d1900164f8c | Race_(human_categorization) | The first post-Classical published classification of humans into distinct races seems to be François Bernier's Nouvelle division de la terre par les différents espèces ou races qui l'habitent ("New division of Earth by the different species or races which inhabit it"), published in 1684. In the 18th century the differe... | Who was the author of the first published book classifying humans into distinct races? | Who was the author of the first published book classifying humans into distinct races? | [
"Who was the author of the first published book classifying humans into distinct races?"
] | {
"text": [
"François Bernier"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33829 | 5a67db3d8476ee001a58a742 | Film_speed | Despite these detailed standard definitions, cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user "ISO" setting refers to the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes. Because the 1998 version of ISO 12232 did not permit mea... | Cameras must indicate when the ISO setting refers to what? | Cameras must indicate when the ISO setting refers to what? | [
"Cameras must indicate when the ISO setting refers to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42438 | 5ad27cb0d7d075001a429698 | Karl_Popper | Gray does not, however, give any indication of what available evidence these theories were at odds with, and his appeal to "crucial support" illustrates the very inductivist approach to science that Popper sought to show was logically illegitimate. For, according to Popper, Einstein's theory was at least equally as wel... | Whose theory was less well corroborated than Newton's on it's conception? | Whose theory was less well corroborated than Newton's on it's conception? | [
"Whose theory was less well corroborated than Newton's on it's conception?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51890 | 570c602dfed7b91900d45954 | John,_King_of_England | For the remaining years of Richard's reign, John supported his brother on the continent, apparently loyally. Richard's policy on the continent was to attempt to regain through steady, limited campaigns the castles he had lost to Philip II whilst on crusade. He allied himself with the leaders of Flanders, Boulogne and t... | Richard withdrew what towards John? | Richard withdrew what towards John? | [
"Richard withdrew what towards John?"
] | {
"text": [
"malevolentia"
],
"answer_start": [
723
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37674 | 572888132ca10214002da44a | London | London's bus network is one of the largest in the world, running 24 hours a day, with about 8,500 buses, more than 700 bus routes and around 19,500 bus stops. In 2013, the network had more than 2 billion commuter trips per annum, more than the Underground. Around £850 million is taken in revenue each year. London has t... | What feature added in 2007 facilitated bus travel by London' passengers with hearing and vision impairments? | What feature added in 2007 facilitated bus travel by London' passengers with hearing and vision impairments? | [
"What feature added in 2007 facilitated bus travel by London' passengers with hearing and vision impairments?"
] | {
"text": [
"audio-visual announcements"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20146 | 5733b7f74776f4190066112d | University_of_Notre_Dame | The university is affiliated with the Congregation of Holy Cross (Latin: Congregatio a Sancta Cruce, abbreviated postnominals: "CSC"). While religious affiliation is not a criterion for admission, more than 93% of students identify as Christian, with over 80% of the total being Catholic. Collectively, Catholic Mass is ... | What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin? | What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin? | [
"What is Congregation of Holy Cross in Latin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congregatio a Sancta Cruce"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40226 | 5727e04eff5b5019007d974a | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven Harbor is home to the Port of New Haven, a deep-water seaport with three berths capable of hosting vessels and barges as well as the facilities required to handle break bulk cargo. The port has the capacity to load 200 trucks a day from the ground or via loading docks. Rail transportation access is available,... | In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located? | In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located? | [
"In what harbor is the Port of New Haven located?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Haven Harbor"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101236 | 5726d819dd62a815002e9240 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | The day after the Pact was signed, the French and British military negotiation delegation urgently requested a meeting with Soviet military negotiator Kliment Voroshilov. On August 25, Voroshilov told them "[i]n view of the changed political situation, no useful purpose can be served in continuing the conversation." Th... | By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what? | By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what? | [
"By accepting the deal with the USSR, Hitler admitted that it prevented what?"
] | {
"text": [
"facing a two front war"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35880 | 5a732e8753a187001ae6313d | Comcast | Comcast has been criticized for multiple reasons. The company's customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry. Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past; and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition of which preclude... | What company has the highest customer satisfaction in the US? | What company has the highest customer satisfaction in the US? | [
"What company has the highest customer satisfaction in the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49317 | 5727b2e53acd2414000dea17 | Tuberculosis | The risk of reactivation increases with immunosuppression, such as that caused by infection with HIV. In people coinfected with M. tuberculosis and HIV, the risk of reactivation increases to 10% per year. Studies using DNA fingerprinting of M. tuberculosis strains have shown reinfection contributes more substantially t... | If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it? | If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it? | [
"If you'd been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1995, how great a chance would you have faced of dying from it?"
] | {
"text": [
"8%"
],
"answer_start": [
547
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36532 | 5730ed13497a881900248a61 | Immaculate_Conception | In 1839 Mariano Spada (1796 - 1872), professor of theology at the Roman College of Saint Thomas, published Esame Critico sulla dottrina dell’ Angelico Dottore S. Tommaso di Aquino circa il Peccato originale, relativamente alla Beatissima Vergine Maria [A critical examination of the doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas, the A... | What problem did the teacher's publication solve for the Holy Roman leader with act that was committed to do in response to the actions of the teacher ? | What problem did the teacher's publication solve for the Holy Roman leader with act that was committed to do in response to the actions of the teacher ? | [
"What problem did the teacher's publication solve for the Holy Roman leader with act that was committed to do in response to the actions of the teacher ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pius IX was relieved of the problem of seeming to foster a doctrine not in agreement with the Aquinas' teaching."
],
"answer_start": [
652
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42965 | 570d73eeb3d812140066d975 | Franco-Prussian_War | In addition, the Prussian military education system was superior to the French model; Prussian staff officers were trained to exhibit initiative and independent thinking. Indeed, this was Moltke's expectation. The French, meanwhile, suffered from an education and promotion system that stifled intellectual development. ... | What Prussian system was superior to the French example? | What Prussian system was superior to the French example? | [
"What Prussian system was superior to the French example?"
] | {
"text": [
"military education"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-681 | 56df64688bc80c19004e4ba9 | Plymouth | The University of Plymouth enrolls 25,895 total students as of 2014/15 (22nd largest in the UK out of 165). It also employs 3,000 staff with an annual income of around £160 million. It was founded in 1992 from Polytechnic South West (formerly Plymouth Polytechnic) following the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. It... | How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth? | How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth? | [
"How many students are studying at the University of Plymouth?"
] | {
"text": [
"25,895"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64310 | 57281d523acd2414000df4cd | John_von_Neumann | But von Neumann, who had participated at the Congress, confirmed his fame as an instantaneous thinker, and in less than a month was able to communicate to Gödel himself an interesting consequence of his theorem: namely that the usual axiomatic systems are unable to demonstrate their own consistency. However, Gödel had ... | Upon revising the theory of incompleteness, what was the name of the new Godel theory? | Upon revising the theory of incompleteness, what was the name of the new Godel theory? | [
"Upon revising the theory of incompleteness, what was the name of the new Godel theory?"
] | {
"text": [
"second incompleteness theorem"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92581 | 57314fe6497a881900248db7 | United_States_Air_Force | Cultural and career issues in the U.S. Air Force have been cited as one of the reasons for the shortfall in needed UAV operators. In spite of an urgent need for UAVs or drones to provide round the clock coverage for American troops during the Iraq War, the USAF did not establish a new career field for piloting them unt... | What is the reason for the shortage of UAV operators in the US Air Force? | What is the reason for the shortage of UAV operators in the US Air Force? | [
"What is the reason for the shortage of UAV operators in the US Air Force?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cultural and career issues"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46205 | 57324f0de99e3014001e6696 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community impro... | Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven? | Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven? | [
"Who is king of God's kingdom in heaven?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christ"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103741 | 572a4c637a1753140016ae82 | East_Prussia | In April 1946, northern East Prussia became an official province of the Russian SFSR as the "Kyonigsbergskaya Oblast", with the Memel Territory becoming part of the Lithuanian SSR. In June 1946 114,070 German and 41,029 Soviet citizens were registered in the Oblast, with an unknown number of disregarded unregistered pe... | What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia? | What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia? | [
"What year did East Prussia become an official province of Russia?"
] | {
"text": [
"1946"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103658 | 5a3bf619cc5d22001a521c5d | East_Prussia | The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decre... | What language did most of the Jews speak? | What language did most of the Jews speak? | [
"What language did most of the Jews speak?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111344 | 5731daede99e3014001e6342 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Prodigies were transgressions in the natural, predictable order of the cosmos – signs of divine anger that portended conflict and misfortune. The Senate decided whether a reported prodigy was false, or genuine and in the public interest, in which case it was referred to the public priests, augurs and haruspices for rit... | What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans? | What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans? | [
"What were considered to be natural transgressions by the Romans?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prodigies"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36517 | 5a272fdbc93d92001a40040d | Immaculate_Conception | By 750, the feast of her conception was widely celebrated in the Byzantine East, under the name of the Conception (active) of Saint Anne. In the West it was known as the feast of the Conception (passive) of Mary, and was associated particularly with the Normans, whether these introduced it directly from the East or too... | What is St. Albertus Magnus say could be conferred at the moment of conception? | What is St. Albertus Magnus say could be conferred at the moment of conception? | [
"What is St. Albertus Magnus say could be conferred at the moment of conception?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89054 | 56df907838dc42170015205c | Hunter-gatherer | Some hunter-gatherer cultures, such as the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, lived in particularly rich environments that allowed them to be sedentary or semi-sedentary. | What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be? | What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be? | [
"What does a lush environment allow hunter-gatherers to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"sedentary or semi-sedentary"
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39986 | 572a37a3af94a219006aa8c0 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven is a notable center for higher education. Yale University, at the heart of downtown, is one of the city's best known features and its largest employer. New Haven is also home to Southern Connecticut State University, part of the Connecticut State University System, and Albertus Magnus College, a private insti... | Before relocating to downtown area, New Haven has a community college that used to be located where? | Before relocating to downtown area, New Haven has a community college that used to be located where? | [
"Before relocating to downtown area, New Haven has a community college that used to be located where?"
] | {
"text": [
"Long Wharf district"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36001 | 5a736fc553a187001ae631b6 | Comcast | On April 8, 2005, a partnership led by Comcast and Sony Pictures Entertainment finalized a deal to acquire MGM and its affiliate studio, United Artists, and create an additional outlet to carry MGM/UA's material for cable and Internet distribution. On October 31, 2005, Comcast officially announced that it had acquired ... | How much of Lenfest did Comcast own? | How much of Lenfest did Comcast own? | [
"How much of Lenfest did Comcast own?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13028 | 56dcfc1f66d3e219004dab75 | Republic_of_the_Congo | In 2008, the main media were owned by the government, but many more privately run forms of media were being created. There is one government-owned television station and around 10 small private television channels. | Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008 | Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008 | [
"Who controlled the media in the Congo in 2008"
] | {
"text": [
"the government"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6025 | 572734fff1498d1400e8f4a4 | Late_Middle_Ages | As the European population was severely reduced, land became more plentiful for the survivors, and labour consequently more expensive. Attempts by landowners to forcibly reduce wages, such as the English 1351 Statute of Laborers, were doomed to fail. These efforts resulted in nothing more than fostering resentment amon... | Which economic system was ultimately ended by the upheavals of the 14th century? | Which economic system was ultimately ended by the upheavals of the 14th century? | [
"Which economic system was ultimately ended by the upheavals of the 14th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"serfdom"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115767 | 5727e6f53acd2414000def54 | Galicia_(Spain) | Spanish was nonetheless the only official language in Galicia for more than four centuries. Over the many centuries of Castilian domination, Galician faded from day-to-day use in urban areas. The period since the re-establishment of democracy in Spain—in particular since the Lei de Normalización Lingüística ("Law of Li... | In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician? | In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician? | [
"In modern times, from which year have children attended school in Galician?"
] | {
"text": [
"1983"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16902 | 5725c27f38643c19005acc66 | Israel | The Jordan Rift Valley is the result of tectonic movements within the Dead Sea Transform (DSF) fault system. The DSF forms the transform boundary between the African Plate to the west and the Arabian Plate to the east. The Golan Heights and all of Jordan are part of the Arabian Plate, while the Galilee, West Bank, Coas... | What does the tectonic disposition lead to? | What does the tectonic disposition lead to? | [
"What does the tectonic disposition lead to?"
] | {
"text": [
"high seismic activity in the region"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16946 | 5725c691271a42140099d195 | Israel | Israel's legal system combines three legal traditions: English common law, civil law, and Jewish law. It is based on the principle of stare decisis (precedent) and is an adversarial system, where the parties in the suit bring evidence before the court. Court cases are decided by professional judges rather than juries. ... | What legal traditions does Israel combine? | What legal traditions does Israel combine? | [
"What legal traditions does Israel combine?"
] | {
"text": [
"English common law, civil law, and Jewish law"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111575 | 5acd72b107355d001abf42b7 | Education | Formal education occurs in a structured environment whose explicit purpose is teaching students. Usually, formal education takes place in a school environment with classrooms of multiple students learning together with a trained, certified teacher of the subject. Most school systems are designed around a set of values ... | What is the implicit purpose of a structured environment? | What is the implicit purpose of a structured environment? | [
"What is the implicit purpose of a structured environment? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8825 | 56e0a80a7aa994140058e691 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 24, Yeltsin informed the Secretary-General of the United Nations that by agreement of the member states of the CIS Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including permanent membership in the UN Security Council). Thus, Russia is considered to be an original mem... | When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? | When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN? | [
"When did the Russian Federation assume the Soviet Union's membership in the UN?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 24"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103590 | 5a3be201cc5d22001a521bfa | East_Prussia | The Kingdom of Prussia became the leading state of the German Empire after its creation in 1871. However, the Treaty of Versailles following World War I granted West Prussia to Poland and made East Prussia an exclave of Weimar Germany (the new Polish Corridor separating East Prussia from the rest of Germany), while the... | In what year did Joseph Stalin come to power? | In what year did Joseph Stalin come to power? | [
"In what year did Joseph Stalin come to power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47670 | 57264eee708984140094c1f7 | Napoleon | Napoleon was born on 15 August 1769, to Carlo Maria di Buonaparte and Maria Letizia Ramolino, in his family's ancestral home Casa Buonaparte in Ajaccio, the capital of the island of Corsica. He was their fourth child and third son. This was a year after the island was transferred to France by the Republic of Genoa. He ... | Napoleon was most likely named after what family relation? | Napoleon was most likely named after what family relation? | [
"Napoleon was most likely named after what family relation?"
] | {
"text": [
"an uncle"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33631 | 5a67883df038b7001ab0c28c | Film_speed | As in the Scheiner system, speeds were expressed in 'degrees'. Originally the sensitivity was written as a fraction with 'tenths' (for example "18/10° DIN"), where the resultant value 1.8 represented the relative base 10 logarithm of the speed. 'Tenths' were later abandoned with DIN 4512:1957-11, and the example above ... | What replaced the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard? | What replaced the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard? | [
"What replaced the American ASA PH2.5-1960 standard?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108259 | 5acd1baa07355d001abf3563 | Aspirated_consonant | Unaspirated or tenuis consonants are occasionally marked with the modifier letter for unaspiration ⟨◌˭⟩, a superscript equal sign: ⟨t˭⟩. Usually, however, unaspirated consonants are left unmarked: ⟨t⟩. | What is occasionally marked with the modifier letter for aspiration? | What is occasionally marked with the modifier letter for aspiration? | [
"What is occasionally marked with the modifier letter for aspiration?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19583 | 5ad5fced5b96ef001a10afb6 | Comprehensive_school | Gibraltar opened its first comprehensive school in 1972. Between the ages of 12 and 16 two comprehensive schools cater for girls and boys separately. Students may also continue into the sixth form to complete their A-levels. | Where can't students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar? | Where can't students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar? | [
"Where can't students go after finishing comprehensive school in Gibraltar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107348 | 5736357e506b471400236597 | Hunting | The American bison is a large bovid which inhabited much of western North America prior to the 1800s, living on the prairies in large herds. However, the vast herds of bison attracted market hunters, who killed dozens of bison for their hides only, leaving the rest to rot. Thousands of these hunters quickly eliminated ... | What part of North America did the bison live? | What part of North America did the bison live? | [
"What part of North America did the bison live?"
] | {
"text": [
"western"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103689 | 5a3bfa41cc5d22001a521c94 | East_Prussia | Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prus... | On what date were Koch's "Land" representative arrested? | On what date were Koch's "Land" representative arrested? | [
"On what date were Koch's \"Land\" representative arrested?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100759 | 572f7a7704bcaa1900d769df | Post-punk | However, during this period, major figures and artists in the scene began leaning away from underground aesthetics. In the music press, the increasingly esoteric writing of post-punk publications soon began to alienate their readerships; it is estimated that within several years, NME suffered the loss of half its circu... | Which new cultural movement began to emphasize glam, escapism and fashion? | Which new cultural movement began to emphasize glam, escapism and fashion? | [
"Which new cultural movement began to emphasize glam, escapism and fashion?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Romantic"
],
"answer_start": [
868
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40006 | 5727ac984b864d1900163a17 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Livability.com named New Haven as the Best Foodie City in the country in 2014. There are 56 Zagat-rated restaurants in New Haven, the most in Connecticut and the third most in New England (after Boston and Cambridge). More than 120 restaurants are located within two blocks of the New Haven Green. The city is home to an... | How many Zagat-rated restaurants are located in New Haven? | How many Zagat-rated restaurants are located in New Haven? | [
"How many Zagat-rated restaurants are located in New Haven?"
] | {
"text": [
"56"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64435 | 57284fc8ff5b5019007da161 | John_von_Neumann | Lothar Wolfgang Nordheim described von Neumann as the "fastest mind I ever met", and Jacob Bronowski wrote "He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius." George Pólya, whose lectures at ETH Zürich von Neumann attended as a student, said "Johnny was the only student I was ever afraid of. If ... | What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann? | What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann? | [
"What did Jacob Bronowski think of von Neumann?"
] | {
"text": [
"He was the cleverest man I ever knew, without exception. He was a genius."
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100029 | 5ace51f632bba1001ae4a298 | Guam | The island of Guam is 30 miles (50 km) long and 4 to 12 miles (6 to 19 km) wide, 3⁄4 the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnit... | How far off the coast is the typical earthquake experienced by Guam? | How far off the coast is the typical earthquake experienced by Guam? | [
"How far off the coast is the typical earthquake experienced by Guam?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28316 | 5ad4ce075b96ef001a10a132 | Steven_Spielberg | Apart from being an ardent gamer Spielberg has had a long history of involvement in video games. He has been giving thanks to his games of his division DreamWorks Interactive most notable as Someone's in the Kitchen with script written by Animaniacs' Paul Rugg, Goosebumps: Escape from HorrorLand, The Neverhood (all in ... | Who is one of the writers for the upcoming Halo tv show? | Who is one of the writers for the upcoming Halo tv show? | [
"Who is one of the writers for the upcoming Halo tv show?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115137 | 5a39da0e2f14dd001ac72612 | Mammal | The word "mammal" is modern, from the scientific name Mammalia coined by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, derived from the Latin mamma ("teat, pap"). All female mammals nurse their young with milk, which is secreted from special glands, the mammary glands. According to Mammal Species of the World, 5,416 species were known in 200... | In 1758 how many mammal species were known? | In 1758 how many mammal species were known? | [
"In 1758 how many mammal species were known?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94712 | 5726e122f1498d1400e8ee81 | Queen_(band) | Several films have featured their songs performed by other artists. A version of "Somebody to Love" by Anne Hathaway was in the 2004 film Ella Enchanted. In 2006, Brittany Murphy also recorded a cover of the same song for the 2006 film Happy Feet. In 2001, a version of "The Show Must Go On" was performed by Jim Broadbe... | Which film had Robbie Williams performing a cover of Queen's We Are the Champions? | Which film had Robbie Williams performing a cover of Queen's We Are the Champions? | [
"Which film had Robbie Williams performing a cover of Queen's We Are the Champions?"
] | {
"text": [
"A Knight's Tale"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2989 | 5730360004bcaa1900d77377 | British_Isles | Ireland, the United Kingdom and the three Crown Dependencies are all parliamentary democracies, with their own separate parliaments. All parts of the United Kingdom return members to parliament in London. In addition to this, voters in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland return members to a parliament in Edinburgh and... | Who shares power in Northern Ireland? | Who shares power in Northern Ireland? | [
"Who shares power in Northern Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"unionists and nationalists"
],
"answer_start": [
481
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56663 | 572792d6dd62a815002ea0c6 | Gramophone_record | The earliest disc records (1889–1894) were made of various materials including hard rubber. Around 1895, a shellac-based compound was introduced and became standard. Exact formulas for this compound varied by manufacturer and over the course of time, but it was typically composed of about one-third shellac and about tw... | What materials were discs made of in 1889-1894? | What materials were discs made of in 1889-1894? | [
"What materials were discs made of in 1889-1894?"
] | {
"text": [
"hard rubber"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34935 | 571a275210f8ca1400304f09 | Memory | In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process. Storage is the se... | Why may some memory retrieval processes fail? | Why may some memory retrieval processes fail? | [
"Why may some memory retrieval processes fail?"
] | {
"text": [
"the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons."
],
"answer_start": [
619
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100289 | 56e1030ae3433e1400422a9e | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In February 2007, the fourth and last satellite of the BeiDou-1 system, BeiDou-1D (sometimes called BeiDou-2A, serving as a backup satellite), was sent up into space. It was reported that the satellite had suffered from a control system malfunction but was then fully restored. | What is the BeiDou-1D satellite sometimes called? | What is the BeiDou-1D satellite sometimes called? | [
"What is the BeiDou-1D satellite sometimes called?"
] | {
"text": [
"BeiDou-2A"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25895 | 57098140200fba14003680cb | Copper | Gram quantities of various copper salts have been taken in suicide attempts and produced acute copper toxicity in humans, possibly due to redox cycling and the generation of reactive oxygen species that damage DNA. Corresponding amounts of copper salts (30 mg/kg) are toxic in animals. A minimum dietary value for health... | What are copper salts sometimes used for? | What are copper salts sometimes used for? | [
"What are copper salts sometimes used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"suicide attempts"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18990 | 5733eeae4776f41900661543 | Premier_League | The Premier League has the highest revenue of any football league in the world, with total club revenues of €2.48 billion in 2009–10. In 2013–14, due to improved television revenues and cost controls, the Premier League had net profits in excess of £78 million, exceeding all other football leagues. In 2010 the Premier ... | Which league has the highest revenue in the world? | Which league has the highest revenue in the world? | [
"Which league has the highest revenue in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Premier League"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19243 | 5ad0e9b7645df0001a2d0835 | Premier_League | The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few se... | For how much was the move between Alan Shearer and Manchester United worth in 1996? | For how much was the move between Alan Shearer and Manchester United worth in 1996? | [
"For how much was the move between Alan Shearer and Manchester United worth in 1996?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13467 | 56e7b76a00c9c71400d77550 | Nanjing | Traditionally Nanjing's nightlife was mostly centered around Nanjing Fuzimiao (Confucius Temple) area along the Qinhuai River, where night markets, restaurants and pubs thrived. Boating at night in the river was a main attraction of the city. Thus, one can see the statues of the famous teachers and educators of the pas... | What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators? | What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators? | [
"What statues are near the ones of teachers and educators?"
] | {
"text": [
"courtesans"
],
"answer_start": [
352
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71305 | 5727cd373acd2414000decc4 | Oklahoma | The western edge of the Oklahoma panhandle is out of alignment with its Texas border. The Oklahoma/New Mexico border is actually 2.1 to 2.2 miles east of the Texas line. The border between Texas and New Mexico was set first as a result of a survey by Spain in 1819. It was then set along the 103rd Meridian. In the 1890s... | Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with? | Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with? | [
"Where is the NM border of both Oklahoma and Texas supposed to line up with?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 103rd Meridian"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64066 | 57282c162ca10214002d9fdf | Annelid | However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata. In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of th... | What lines the coelomata of leeches? | What lines the coelomata of leeches? | [
"What lines the coelomata of leeches?"
] | {
"text": [
"mesothelium"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37923 | 572ff8e304bcaa1900d76f7c | Roman_Republic | During his term as praetor in the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal and Spain), Pompey's contemporary Julius Caesar defeated two local tribes in battle. After his term as consul in 59 BC, he was appointed to a five-year term as the proconsular Governor of Cisalpine Gaul (part of current northern Italy), Transalpine Ga... | What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of? | What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of? | [
"What military leader was Julius Caesar a contemporary of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pompey"
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6738 | 572847804b864d19001648ac | PlayStation_3 | Despite the initial negative press, several websites have given the system very good reviews mostly regarding its hardware. CNET United Kingdom praised the system saying, "the PS3 is a versatile and impressive piece of home-entertainment equipment that lives up to the hype [...] the PS3 is well worth its hefty price ta... | What website said the PlayStation 3 "lives up to the hype"? | What website said the PlayStation 3 "lives up to the hype"? | [
"What website said the PlayStation 3 \"lives up to the hype\"? "
] | {
"text": [
"CNET United Kingdom"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32987 | 5ad1864c645df0001a2d1e8f | Incandescent_light_bulb | Incandescent bulbs are much less efficient than most other types of electric lighting; incandescent bulbs convert less than 5% of the energy they use into visible light, with standard light bulbs averaging about 2.2%. The remaining energy is converted into heat. The luminous efficacy of a typical incandescent bulb is 1... | What type of bulb typically has a long life span? | What type of bulb typically has a long life span? | [
"What type of bulb typically has a long life span?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65053 | 5ad134d3645df0001a2d115f | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Tax shifting has been widely discussed and endorsed by economists. It involves lowering income taxes while raising levies on environmentally destructive activities, in order to create a more responsive market. For example, a tax on coal that included the increased health care costs associated with breathing polluted ai... | What involves raising income taxes while raising levies? | What involves raising income taxes while raising levies? | [
" What involves raising income taxes while raising levies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2785 | 5730130904bcaa1900d77117 | British_Isles | The Greco-Egyptian scientist Claudius Ptolemy referred to the larger island as great Britain (μεγάλης Βρεττανίας - megális Brettanias) and to Ireland as little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias) in his work Almagest (147–148 AD). In his later work, Geography (c. 150 AD), he gave these islands the names Alw... | What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland? | What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland? | [
"What did name did Claudius Ptolemy (Greco-Egyptian scientist) use for Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"little Britain (μικρής Βρεττανίας - mikris Brettanias)"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91211 | 5ace3e6532bba1001ae4a022 | Avicenna | According to his autobiography, Avicenna had memorised the entire Quran by the age of 10. He learned Indian arithmetic from an Indian greengrocer,ءMahmoud Massahi and he began to learn more from a wandering scholar who gained a livelihood by curing the sick and teaching the young. He also studied Fiqh (Islamic jurispru... | Who did Abu Abdullah Nateli teach Fiqh to. | Who did Abu Abdullah Nateli teach Fiqh to. | [
"Who did Abu Abdullah Nateli teach Fiqh to."
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56735 | 5727a8cf3acd2414000de907 | Gramophone_record | Beginning in 1939, Dr. Peter Goldmark and his staff at Columbia Records and at CBS Laboratories undertook efforts to address problems of recording and playing back narrow grooves and developing an inexpensive, reliable consumer playback system. It took about eight years of study, except when it was suspended because of... | How long did it take Columbia to produce a consumer friendly long play record? | How long did it take Columbia to produce a consumer friendly long play record? | [
"How long did it take Columbia to produce a consumer friendly long play record?"
] | {
"text": [
"about eight years"
],
"answer_start": [
253
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60505 | 5ace23e032bba1001ae49b94 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | The Kerrytown Shops, Main Street Business District, the State Street Business District, and the South University Business District are commercial areas in downtown Ann Arbor. Three commercial areas south of downtown include the areas near I-94 and Ann Arbor-Saline Road, Briarwood Mall, and the South Industrial area. Ot... | What Mall is north of downtown Ann Arbor? | What Mall is north of downtown Ann Arbor? | [
"What Mall is north of downtown Ann Arbor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3528 | 57268716dd62a815002e883b | Southeast_Asia | Puppetry and shadow plays were also a favoured form of entertainment in past centuries, a famous one being Wayang from Indonesia. The arts and literature in some of Southeast Asia is quite influenced by Hinduism, which was brought to them centuries ago. Indonesia, despite conversion to Islam which opposes certain forms... | Art & literature in Southeast Asia is influenced by which religion? | Art & literature in Southeast Asia is influenced by which religion? | [
"Art & literature in Southeast Asia is influenced by which religion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hinduism"
],
"answer_start": [
203
]
} |
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