gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-24160 | 5ad40ad0604f3c001a3fffd2 | Bermuda | The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the... | What infrastructure was built up in the 19th century? | What infrastructure was built up in the 19th century? | [
"What infrastructure was built up in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29845 | 570d0565fed7b91900d45bc7 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Mary is referred to by the Eastern Orthodox Church, Oriental Orthodoxy, the Anglican Church, and all Eastern Catholic Churches as Theotokos, a title recognized at the Third Ecumenical Council (held at Ephesus to address the teachings of Nestorius, in 431). Theotokos (and its Latin equivalents, "Deipara" and "Dei genetr... | In what year did the Third Ecumenical Council occur in Ephesus? | In what year did the Third Ecumenical Council occur in Ephesus? | [
"In what year did the Third Ecumenical Council occur in Ephesus?"
] | {
"text": [
"431"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21512 | 5730a9732461fd1900a9cf64 | Sumer | The Ubaid period is marked by a distinctive style of fine quality painted pottery which spread throughout Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf. During this time, the first settlement in southern Mesopotamia was established at Eridu (Cuneiform: NUN.KI), c. 5300 BC, by farmers who brought with them the Hadji Muhammed culture... | Where could the pottery be found spread throughout? | Where could the pottery be found spread throughout? | [
"Where could the pottery be found spread throughout?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mesopotamia and the Persian Gulf"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108157 | 5acd43ca07355d001abf3b2c | Estonian_language | The verbal system lacks a distinctive future tense (the present tense serves here) and features special forms to express an action performed by an undetermined subject (the "impersonal"). | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject? | What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject? | [
"What does Estonian use to show actions performed by an determined subject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85359 | 5a7a69b921c2de001afe9c01 | European_Central_Bank | The Executive Board is responsible for the implementation of monetary policy (defined by the Governing Council) and the day-to-day running of the bank. It can issue decisions to national central banks and may also exercise powers delegated to it by the Governing Council. It is composed of the President of the Bank (cur... | Who is the current emperor of the ECB? | Who is the current emperor of the ECB? | [
"Who is the current emperor of the ECB?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37018 | 5725c87b89a1e219009abe9c | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocati... | What are some consequences of the investments | What are some consequences of the investments | [
"What are some consequences of the investments "
] | {
"text": [
"Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care\" in sub-Saharan Africa"
],
"answer_start": [
546
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78462 | 572fb308b2c2fd1400568378 | Greeks | The classical period of Greek civilization covers a time spanning from the early 5th century BC to the death of Alexander the Great, in 323 BC (some authors prefer to split this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexan... | Are there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period ? | Are there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period ? | [
"Are there some discrepancies among scholars for the distinction of the period ?"
] | {
"text": [
"this period into 'Classical', from the end of the Persian wars to the end of the Peloponnesian War, and 'Fourth Century', up to the death of Alexander"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89121 | 5acd575207355d001abf3ddb | Hunter-gatherer | At the same conference, Marshall Sahlins presented a paper entitled, "Notes on the Original Affluent Society", in which he challenged the popular view of hunter-gatherers lives as "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short," as Thomas Hobbes had put it in 1651. According to Sahlins, ethnographic data indicated that hunt... | In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what? | In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what? | [
"In 1851, Thomas Hobbes described hunter-gatherers as what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114127 | 572a3beaaf94a219006aa8f4 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | According to Presentism, time is an ordering of various realities. At a certain time some things exist and others do not. This is the only reality we can deal with and we cannot for example say that Homer exists because at the present time he does not. An Eternalist, on the other hand, holds that time is a dimension of... | Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what? | Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what? | [
"Presentism states that at a certain time some things do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"exist"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62556 | 5a7b898021c2de001afea11b | Software_testing | Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests, while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester is not required to have full access to the software's source code.[not in citation given] M... | The tester is required to have full access to what piece of information? | The tester is required to have full access to what piece of information? | [
"The tester is required to have full access to what piece of information?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29515 | 573055dc2461fd1900a9cd57 | Swaziland | The Sangoma is a traditional diviner chosen by the ancestors of that particular family. The training of the Sangoma is called "kwetfwasa". At the end of the training, a graduation ceremony takes place where all the local sangoma come together for feasting and dancing. The diviner is consulted for various reasons, such ... | What is kushaya ematsambo used for? | What is kushaya ematsambo used for? | [
"What is kushaya ematsambo used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"to determine the cause of the sickness"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98043 | 56e0b2127aa994140058e6b1 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen is the only element that has different names for its isotopes in common use today. During the early study of radioactivity, various heavy radioactive isotopes were given their own names, but such names are no longer used, except for deuterium and tritium. The symbols D and T (instead of 2H and 3H) are sometime... | What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium? | What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium? | [
"What are the preferred symbols for deuterium and tritium?"
] | {
"text": [
"2H and 3H"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89393 | 5a14d437a54d42001852936b | Great_power | China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council. They are also the only recogn... | Why Are China, France, Russia, the UK and the US seen as by middle powers? | Why Are China, France, Russia, the UK and the US seen as by middle powers? | [
"Why Are China, France, Russia, the UK and the US seen as by middle powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51703 | 5706af7575f01819005e7d34 | New_Delhi | Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expand... | What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi? | What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi? | [
"What is the name of the large commercial and financial district located in the northern part of New Delhi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Connaught Place"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111197 | 57319b91e17f3d140042226c | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Each of Rome's legendary or semi-legendary kings was associated with one or more religious institutions still known to the later Republic. Tullus Hostilius and Ancus Marcius instituted the fetial priests. The first "outsider" Etruscan king, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, founded a Capitoline temple to the triad Jupiter, Ju... | What organization did Servius Tullius found? | What organization did Servius Tullius found? | [
"What organization did Servius Tullius found?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latin League,"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27256 | 5a7b4e5d21c2de001afe9e9a | Transistor | A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current through anoth... | What controls how strong a signal is? | What controls how strong a signal is? | [
"What controls how strong a signal is?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113472 | 5a87cd0419b91f001a626df9 | Vacuum | In ultra high vacuum systems, some very "odd" leakage paths and outgassing sources must be considered. The water absorption of aluminium and palladium becomes an unacceptable source of outgassing, and even the adsorptivity of hard metals such as stainless steel or titanium must be considered. Some oils and greases will... | What are two metals that can be absorbed in an metallic flange? | What are two metals that can be absorbed in an metallic flange? | [
"What are two metals that can be absorbed in an metallic flange?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15545 | 57070b889e06ca38007e9301 | Black_people | From the late 19th century, the South used a colloquial term, the one-drop rule, to classify as black a person of any known African ancestry. This practice of hypodescent was not put into law until the early 20th century. Legally the definition varied from state to state. Racial definition was more flexible in the 18th... | When was racial definition more flexible? | When was racial definition more flexible? | [
"When was racial definition more flexible?"
] | {
"text": [
"18th and 19th centuries"
],
"answer_start": [
316
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64475 | 57333d75d058e614000b57a8 | Portugal | The early history of Portugal is shared with the rest of the Iberian Peninsula located in South Western Europe. The name of Portugal derives from the joined Romano-Celtic name Portus Cale. The region was settled by Pre-Celts and Celts, giving origin to peoples like the Gallaeci, Lusitanians, Celtici and Cynetes, visite... | From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate? | From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate? | [
"From what old Germanic word is Alenquer originate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alankerk"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15677 | 5726def0f1498d1400e8ee34 | Chinese_characters | In the Republic of China (Taiwan), which uses traditional Chinese characters, the Ministry of Education's Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Common National Characters) lists 4,808 characters; the Cì Chángyòng Guózì Biāozhǔn Zìtǐ Biǎo (次常用國字標準字體表, Chart of Standard Forms of Less-T... | What supports 48,027 characters? | What supports 48,027 characters? | [
"What supports 48,027 characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"the official national encoding standard"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13402 | 56e7abd937bdd419002c4308 | Nanjing | The city also boasts an efficient network of public transportation, which mainly consists of bus, taxi and metro systems. The bus network, which is currently run by three companies since 2011, provides more than 370 routes covering all parts of the city and suburban areas. Nanjing Metro Line 1, started service on Septe... | How many bus routes are there in Nanjing? | How many bus routes are there in Nanjing? | [
"How many bus routes are there in Nanjing?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 370 routes"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112322 | 572931f26aef051400154b64 | Race_(human_categorization) | One result of debates over the meaning and validity of the concept of race is that the current literature across different disciplines regarding human variation lacks consensus, though within some fields, such as some branches of anthropology, there is strong consensus. Some studies use the word race in its early essen... | What does the current literature regarding human variation lack? | What does the current literature regarding human variation lack? | [
"What does the current literature regarding human variation lack?"
] | {
"text": [
"consensus"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102384 | 56fa8b328f12f31900630177 | High-definition_television | If all three parameters are used, they are specified in the following form: [frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate] or [frame size]/[frame or field rate][scanning system].[citation needed] Often, frame size or frame rate can be dropped if its value is implied from context. In this case, the remaining numeric... | What are the three HDTV parameters? | What are the three HDTV parameters? | [
"What are the three HDTV parameters?"
] | {
"text": [
"[frame size][scanning system][frame or field rate]"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42703 | 57102d7aa58dae1900cd6942 | Sexual_orientation | Sexual orientation is argued as a concept that evolved in the industrialized West, and there is a controversy as to the universality of its application in other societies or cultures. Non-westernized concepts of male sexuality differ essentially from the way sexuality is seen and classified under the Western system of ... | What concept is sexual orientation argued as? | What concept is sexual orientation argued as? | [
"What concept is sexual orientation argued as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a concept that evolved in the industrialized West"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38911 | 5a2c6ac4bfd06b001a5aeb6e | Serbo-Croatian | Comparative and historical linguistics offers some clues for memorising the accent position: If one compares many standard Serbo-Croatian words to e.g. cognate Russian words, the accent in the Serbo-Croatian word will be one syllable before the one in the Russian word, with the rising tone. Historically, the rising ton... | When did the quality of the accent appear historically? | When did the quality of the accent appear historically? | [
"When did the quality of the accent appear historically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62157 | 57267da65951b619008f748f | Chicago_Cubs | On October 1, 1932, in game three of the World Series between the Cubs and the New York Yankees, Babe Ruth allegedly stepped to the plate, pointed his finger to Wrigley Field's center field bleachers and hit a long home run to center. There is speculation as to whether the "facts" surrounding the story are true or not,... | When did Babe Ruth retire? | When did Babe Ruth retire? | [
"When did Babe Ruth retire?"
] | {
"text": [
"1935"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86368 | 5a612607e9e1cc001a33cfaf | Gymnastics | A gymnast's score comes from deductions taken from their start value. The start value of a routine is based on the difficulty of the elements the gymnast attempts and whether or not the gymnast meets composition requirements. The composition requirements are different for each apparatus; this score is called the D scor... | When was the E score first implemented? | When was the E score first implemented? | [
"When was the E score first implemented?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83908 | 5a7e08cf70df9f001a87544e | Translation | The English word "translation" derives from the Latin translatio (which itself comes from trans- and from fero, the supine form of which is latum—together meaning "a carrying across" or "a bringing across"). The modern Romance languages use equivalents of the English term "translation" that are derived from that same L... | What languages use equivalents of the German term "translation" that come from the same Latin source? | What languages use equivalents of the German term "translation" that come from the same Latin source? | [
"What languages use equivalents of the German term \"translation\" that come from the same Latin source?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89985 | 57269f70f1498d1400e8e53f | Somerset | Somerset is an important supplier of defence equipment and technology. A Royal Ordnance Factory, ROF Bridgwater was built at the start of the Second World War, between the villages of Puriton and Woolavington, to manufacture explosives. The site was decommissioned and closed in July 2008. Templecombe has Thales Underwa... | What area is home to royal marines | What area is home to royal marines | [
"What area is home to royal marines "
] | {
"text": [
"Norton Fitzwarren is the home of 40 Commando Royal Marines"
],
"answer_start": [
804
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105535 | 56e1bbb8cd28a01900c67af6 | Communications_in_Somalia | Concurrently, the Somali Transitional Federal Government began preparations to revive the national postal service. The government's overall reconstruction plan for Somali Post is structured into three Phases spread out over a period of ten years. Phase I will see the reconstruction of the postal headquarters and Genera... | What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union? | What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union? | [
"What year did Somali authorities rejoin the Universal Postal Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
444
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60816 | 570b1e506b8089140040f733 | Gregorian_calendar | Prior to 1917, Turkey used the lunar Islamic calendar with the Hegira era for general purposes and the Julian calendar for fiscal purposes. The start of the fiscal year was eventually fixed at 1 March and the year number was roughly equivalent to the Hegira year (see Rumi calendar). As the solar year is longer than the... | What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes? | What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes? | [
"What calendar did Turkey utilize for fiscal purposes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Julian"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6998 | 5ad4e4705b96ef001a10a580 | Red | So that the maximum number of colors can be accurately reproduced on your computer screen, each color has been given a code number, or sRGB, which tells your computer the intensity of the red, green and blue components of that color. The intensity of each component is measured on a scale of zero to 255, which means the... | What color has an sRBG number of 220, 20, 60? | What color has an sRBG number of 220, 20, 60? | [
"What color has an sRBG number of 220, 20, 60?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96219 | 5728d5f23acd2414000dffd0 | Paris | Paris' urbanism laws have been under strict control since the early 17th century, particularly where street-front alignment, building height and building distribution is concerned. In recent developments, a 1974-2010 building height limitation of 37 metres (121 ft) was raised to 50 m (160 ft) in central areas and 180 m... | Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building? | Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building? | [
"Until 1973, what was Paris; tallest building?"
] | {
"text": [
"Montparnasse"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52885 | 5a73c75242eae6001a3899da | Political_party | In fledgling democracies funding can also be provided by foreign aid. International donors provide financing to political parties in developing countries as a means to promote democracy and good governance. Support can be purely financial or otherwise. Frequently it is provided as capacity development activities includ... | What did the Georgian party want to promote by financing political parties in developing countries? | What did the Georgian party want to promote by financing political parties in developing countries? | [
"What did the Georgian party want to promote by financing political parties in developing countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114195 | 57268173708984140094c856 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | The Daily Star had been launched in 1978 by Express Newspaper, and by 1981 had begun to affect sales of The Sun. Bingo was introduced as a marketing tool and a 2p drop in cover price removed the Daily Star's competitive advantage opening a new circulation battle which resulted in The Sun neutralising the threat of the ... | Who became editor of the Sun in 1981? | Who became editor of the Sun in 1981? | [
"Who became editor of the Sun in 1981?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kelvin MacKenzie"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97006 | 56e1170de3433e1400422bc4 | Canon_law | In Presbyterian and Reformed churches, canon law is known as "practice and procedure" or "church order", and includes the church's laws respecting its government, discipline, legal practice and worship. | What aspect of faith is covered by canon law? | What aspect of faith is covered by canon law? | [
"What aspect of faith is covered by canon law?"
] | {
"text": [
"worship"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22008 | 570affb86b8089140040f695 | Aircraft_carrier | 1 CATOBAR carrier: Charles de Gaulle is a 42,000 tonne nuclear-powered aircraft carrier, commissioned in 2001 and is the flagship of the French Navy (Marine Nationale). The ship carries a complement of Dassault-Breguet Super Étendard, Dassault Rafale M and E‑2C Hawkeye aircraft, EC725 Caracal and AS532 Cougar helicopte... | What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of? | What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of? | [
"What is the Charles de Gaulle the flagship of?"
] | {
"text": [
"the French Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76155 | 5a57aa22770dc0001aeefcbe | Utrecht | From the middle of the 3rd century Germanic tribes regularly invaded the Roman territories. Around 275 the Romans could no longer maintain the northern border and Utrecht was abandoned. Little is known about the next period 270–650. Utrecht is first spoken of again several centuries after the Romans left. Under the inf... | Who ruled the Franks in the 700's? | Who ruled the Franks in the 700's? | [
"Who ruled the Franks in the 700's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14064 | 56f8c61b9b226e1400dd0f87 | Brain | Brains are most simply compared in terms of their size. The relationship between brain size, body size and other variables has been studied across a wide range of vertebrate species. As a rule, brain size increases with body size, but not in a simple linear proportion. In general, smaller animals tend to have larger br... | Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey? | Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey? | [
"Do predators have larger or smaller brains compared to their prey?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
767
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112470 | 570d3c0eb3d812140066d5a9 | United_States_Army | Collective training at the unit level takes place at the unit's assigned station, but the most intensive training at higher echelons is conducted at the three combat training centers (CTC); the National Training Center (NTC) at Fort Irwin, California, the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC) at Fort Polk, Louisiana, ... | In what states is Fort Bliss located? | In what states is Fort Bliss located? | [
"In what states is Fort Bliss located?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Mexico and Texas"
],
"answer_start": [
778
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90268 | 5727c4ac2ca10214002d95d6 | Tibet | The earliest Tibetan historical texts identify the Zhang Zhung culture as a people who migrated from the Amdo region into what is now the region of Guge in western Tibet. Zhang Zhung is considered to be the original home of the Bön religion. By the 1st century BCE, a neighboring kingdom arose in the Yarlung valley, and... | Who was the first factual king of Tibet? | Who was the first factual king of Tibet? | [
"Who was the first factual king of Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Songtsän Gampo"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90012 | 5726a5eef1498d1400e8e614 | Somerset | Towns such as Castle Cary and Frome grew around the medieval weaving industry. Street developed as a centre for the production of woollen slippers and, later, boots and shoes, with C. & J. Clark establishing its headquarters in the town. C&J Clark's shoes are no longer manufactured there as the work was transferred to ... | What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset | What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset | [
"What famous shoe brand was made in Somerset "
] | {
"text": [
"Dr. Martens shoes were also made in Somerset, by the Northampton-based R. Griggs Group"
],
"answer_start": [
752
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9167 | 57325bc30fdd8d15006c6a2d | The_Bronx | In 2009, Hispanic and Latino Americans represented 52.0% of the Bronx's population. Puerto Ricans represented 23.2% of the borough's population. Over 72,500 Mexicans lived in the Bronx, and they formed 5.2% of the population. Cubans numbered over 9,640 members and formed 0.7% of the population. In addition, over 319,00... | What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans? | What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans? | [
"What percent of the Bronx is Hispanic and Latino Americans?"
] | {
"text": [
"52.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110764 | 57301cdea23a5019007fcda1 | Iran | Iran's climate ranges from arid or semiarid, to subtropical along the Caspian coast and the northern forests. On the northern edge of the country (the Caspian coastal plain) temperatures rarely fall below freezing and the area remains humid for the rest of the year. Summer temperatures rarely exceed 29 °C (84.2 °F). An... | According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran? | According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran? | [
"According to Gary Lewis of the UN, what is the most pressing human security challenge in Iran?"
] | {
"text": [
"Water scarcity"
],
"answer_start": [
517
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108572 | 572c00d6f182dd1900d7c7af | Tennessee | In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to ... | Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession? | Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession? | [
"Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession?"
] | {
"text": [
"East Tennessee"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46725 | 5ad0c7df645df0001a2d0302 | Department_store | All major cities have their distinctive local department stores, which anchored the downtown shopping district until the arrival of the malls in the 1960s. Washington, for example, after 1887 had Woodward & Lothrop and Garfinckel's starting in 1905. Garfield's went bankrupt in 1990, as did Woodward & Lothrop in 1994. B... | How many minor department stores did Baltimore have at the time? | How many minor department stores did Baltimore have at the time? | [
"How many minor department stores did Baltimore have at the time? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74647 | 570c46e9fed7b91900d4581d | Melbourne | Melbourne (/ˈmɛlbərn/, AU i/ˈmɛlbən/) is the capital and most populous city in the Australian state of Victoria, and the second most populous city in Australia and Oceania. The name "Melbourne" refers to the area of urban agglomeration (as well as a census statistical division) spanning 9,900 km2 (3,800 sq mi) which co... | Where is the Metropolis? | Where is the Metropolis? | [
"Where is the Metropolis?"
] | {
"text": [
"large natural bay of Port Phillip"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20114 | 5733b1da4776f41900661069 | University_of_Notre_Dame | In 1882, Albert Zahm (John Zahm's brother) built an early wind tunnel used to compare lift to drag of aeronautical models. Around 1899, Professor Jerome Green became the first American to send a wireless message. In 1931, Father Julius Nieuwland performed early work on basic reactions that was used to create neoprene. ... | Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA? | Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA? | [
"Which professor sent the first wireless message in the USA?"
] | {
"text": [
"Professor Jerome Green"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114107 | 5a42d0914a4859001aac733d | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | A third type of solution to the problem of the direction of time, although much less represented, argues that the laws are not time-reversal symmetric. For example, certain processes in quantum mechanics, relating to the weak nuclear force, are not time-reversible, keeping in mind that when dealing with quantum mechani... | What does the thirs solution argue is time-reversal symmetric? | What does the thirs solution argue is time-reversal symmetric? | [
"What does the thirs solution argue is time-reversal symmetric?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19094 | 572fe613a23a5019007fcb09 | Premier_League | The Premier League is particularly popular in Asia, where it is the most widely distributed sports programme. In Australia, Fox Sports broadcasts almost all of the season's 380 matches live, and Foxtel gives subscribers the option of selecting which Saturday 3pm match to watch. In India, the matches are broadcast live ... | Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in China? | Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in China? | [
"Who broadcasts the Premier League's games in China?"
] | {
"text": [
"In China, the broadcast rights were awarded to Super Sports in a six-year agreement that began in the 2013–14 season."
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97776 | 5a81e19a31013a001a334f5b | Humanism | At about the same time, the word "humanism" as a philosophy centred on humankind (as opposed to institutionalised religion) was also being used in Germany by the so-called Left Hegelians, Arnold Ruge, and Karl Marx, who were critical of the close involvement of the church in the repressive German government. There has ... | Who did harmful believers in humanism turn to for ideas about the philosophy? | Who did harmful believers in humanism turn to for ideas about the philosophy? | [
"Who did harmful believers in humanism turn to for ideas about the philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41432 | 56cddfff62d2951400fa6940 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Both the Shanghai Stock Exchange and the Shenzhen Stock Exchange suspended trading of companies based in southwestern China. Copper rose over speculations that production in southwestern China may be affected, and oil prices dropped over speculations that demand from China would fall. | What metal rose in value? | What metal rose in value? | [
"What metal rose in value?"
] | {
"text": [
"Copper"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72762 | 570fd63b80d9841400ab36ae | Dell | Dell has been attempting to offset its declining PC business, which still accounted for half of its revenue and generates steady cash flow, by expanding into the enterprise market with servers, networking, software, and services. It avoided many of the acquisition writedowns and management turnover that plagued its chi... | Who was Dell's main business rival? | Who was Dell's main business rival? | [
"Who was Dell's main business rival?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hewlett Packard"
],
"answer_start": [
329
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116205 | 5a68f1298476ee001a58a8db | Punjab,_Pakistan | Maharaja Ranjit Singh's death in the summer of 1839 brought political chaos and the subsequent battles of succession and the bloody infighting between the factions at court weakened the state. Relationships with neighbouring British territories then broke down, starting the First Anglo-Sikh War; this led to a British o... | What was the name of the territory annexed in 1849? | What was the name of the territory annexed in 1849? | [
"What was the name of the territory annexed in 1849?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64233 | 5ace8f0132bba1001ae4aa41 | Annelid | The "Lophotrochozoa" hypothesis is also supported by the fact that many phyla within this group, including annelids, molluscs, nemerteans and flatworms, follow a similar pattern in the fertilized egg's development. When their cells divide after the 4-cell stage, descendants of these 4 cells form a spiral pattern. In th... | What phyla is no longer able to make eggs? | What phyla is no longer able to make eggs? | [
"What phyla is no longer able to make eggs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67483 | 570a0f9d4103511400d59548 | Hanover | Hannover 96 (nickname Die Roten or 'The Reds') is the top local football team that plays in the Bundesliga top division. Home games are played at the HDI-Arena, which hosted matches in the 1974 and 2006 World Cups and the Euro 1988. Their reserve team Hannover 96 II plays in the fourth league. Their home games were pla... | What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in? | What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in? | [
"What is the name of the stadium that the Hanover football team plays in?"
] | {
"text": [
"HDI-Arena"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56269 | 5727761c5951b619008f8a72 | Nonprofit_organization | In South Africa, charities issue a tax certificate when requested by donors which can be used as a tax deduction by the donor. Non Profit Organisations are registered under Companies and Intellectual Property Commission as Nonprofit Companies (NPCs) but may voluntarily register with The Nonprofit Companies Directorate.... | Who keeps track of the trusts of South Africian NPOs? | Who keeps track of the trusts of South Africian NPOs? | [
"Who keeps track of the trusts of South Africian NPOs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Master of the High Court"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89770 | 57304a082461fd1900a9ccec | The_Blitz | The diversion of heavier bombers to the Balkans meant that the crews and units left behind were asked to fly two or three sorties per night. Bombers were noisy, cold, and vibrated badly. Added to the tension of the mission which exhausted and drained crews, tiredness caught up with and killed many. In one incident on 2... | What contributed to the exhaustion of crews flying extra sorties? | What contributed to the exhaustion of crews flying extra sorties? | [
"What contributed to the exhaustion of crews flying extra sorties?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bombers were noisy, cold, and vibrated badly"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33646 | 57264675dd62a815002e8038 | Film_speed | Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617... | What system was used previous to the ASA system? | What system was used previous to the ASA system? | [
"What system was used previous to the ASA system?"
] | {
"text": [
"the system of Weston film speed ratings"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111836 | 572771fcdd62a815002e9cfc | On_the_Origin_of_Species | In later editions of the book, Darwin traced evolutionary ideas as far back as Aristotle; the text he cites is a summary by Aristotle of the ideas of the earlier Greek philosopher Empedocles. Early Christian Church Fathers and Medieval European scholars interpreted the Genesis creation narrative allegorically rather th... | To what ancient philosopher did Darwin trace some of his evolutionary ideas? | To what ancient philosopher did Darwin trace some of his evolutionary ideas? | [
"To what ancient philosopher did Darwin trace some of his evolutionary ideas?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aristotle"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106738 | 5a8475a07cf838001a46a818 | East_India_Company | Hastings was entrusted with the power of peace and war. British judges and magistrates would also be sent to India to administer the legal system. The Governor General and the council would have complete legislative powers. The company was allowed to maintain its virtual monopoly over trade in exchange for the biennial... | Who were removed from India to administer the legal system? | Who were removed from India to administer the legal system? | [
"Who were removed from India to administer the legal system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99190 | 5a8a1f723b2508001a72a616 | 51st_state | Under Article IV, Section Three of the United States Constitution, which outlines the relationship among the states, Congress has the power to admit new states to the union. The states are required to give "full faith and credit" to the acts of each other's legislatures and courts, which is generally held to include th... | What are all states guaranteed by the republican form? | What are all states guaranteed by the republican form? | [
"What are all states guaranteed by the republican form?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18331 | 5ad0b104645df0001a2d005d | Eritrea | After the decline of Aksum, the Eritrean highlands were under the domain of Bahr Negash ruled by the Bahr Negus. The area was then known as Ma'ikele Bahr ("between the seas/rivers," i.e. the land between the Red Sea and the Mereb river). It was later renamed under Emperor Zara Yaqob as the domain of the Bahr Negash, th... | What was the area known as by the Aksum? | What was the area known as by the Aksum? | [
"What was the area known as by the Aksum?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110884 | 57303b5e04bcaa1900d773ea | Iran | Iran has leading manufacturing industries in the fields of car-manufacture and transportation, construction materials, home appliances, food and agricultural goods, armaments, pharmaceuticals, information technology, power and petrochemicals in the Middle East. According to FAO, Iran has been a top five producer of the... | What type of appliances is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East? | What type of appliances is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East? | [
"What type of appliances is Iran a leading manufacturer of in the Middle East?"
] | {
"text": [
"home appliances"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21276 | 56e6b94d6fe0821900b8eb59 | Adult_contemporary_music | AC radio stations may play mainstream music, but they will exclude hip hop, dance tracks, hard rock, and some forms of teen pop, as they are less popular amongst the target demographic of these radio stations, which is intended for an adult audience. AC radio often targets the 25–44 age group, the demographic that has ... | What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past? | What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past? | [
"What type of music are AC stations noted as playing less of versus hits of the past?"
] | {
"text": [
"newer music"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10054 | 57282d253acd2414000df65a | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In mid May 1967, the Soviet Union issued warnings to Nasser of an impending Israeli attack on Syria, although Chief of Staff Mohamed Fawzi considered the warnings to be "baseless". According to Kandil, without Nasser's authorization, Amer used the Soviet warnings as a pretext to dispatch troops to Sinai on 14 May, and ... | What did Amer do without Nasser's approval? | What did Amer do without Nasser's approval? | [
"What did Amer do without Nasser's approval?"
] | {
"text": [
"dispatch troops to Sinai"
],
"answer_start": [
280
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36697 | 57320bb80fdd8d15006c6715 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | From an institutional perspective, the rules of the House assign a number of specific responsibilities to the minority leader. For example, Rule XII, clause 6, grant the minority leader (or his designee) the right to offer a motion to recommit with instructions; Rule II, clause 6, states the Inspector General shall be ... | Minority leader may appoint individuals to what government roles? | Minority leader may appoint individuals to what government roles? | [
"Minority leader may appoint individuals to what government roles?"
] | {
"text": [
"certain federal entities."
],
"answer_start": [
645
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26556 | 573196f9e99e3014001e616b | University | There are several major exceptions on tuition fees. In many European countries, it is possible to study without tuition fees. Public universities in Nordic countries were entirely without tuition fees until around 2005. Denmark, Sweden and Finland then moved to put in place tuition fees for foreign students. Citizens o... | Until what year were public universities in nordic nation free of tuition? | Until what year were public universities in nordic nation free of tuition? | [
"Until what year were public universities in nordic nation free of tuition?"
] | {
"text": [
"around 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50981 | 572f7f37b2c2fd1400568192 | Seven_Years%27_War | In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women ... | How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners? | How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners? | [
"How did France's native allies treat the British prisoners?"
] | {
"text": [
"slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women and children"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4994 | 56e131aecd28a01900c67690 | Boston | Boston has an area of 89.6 square miles (232.1 km2)—48.4 square miles (125.4 km2) (54.0%) of land and 41.2 square miles (106.7 km2) (46.0%) of water. The city's official elevation, as measured at Logan International Airport, is 19 ft (5.8 m) above sea level. The highest point in Boston is Bellevue Hill at 330 feet (100... | How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston? | How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston? | [
"How many feet above sea level is the City of Boston?"
] | {
"text": [
"19 ft"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3005 | 5acda1b107355d001abf4888 | British_Isles | Ireland and the United Kingdom are both part of the European Union (EU). The Crown Dependencies are not a part of the EU however do participate in certain aspects that were negotiated as a part of the UK's accession to the EU. Neither the United Kingdom or Ireland are part of the Schengen area, that allow passport-free... | Since 1997 the area has required informal recognition and has become known as what? | Since 1997 the area has required informal recognition and has become known as what? | [
"Since 1997 the area has required informal recognition and has become known as what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65692 | 5728d1552ca10214002da89c | Detroit | An important civic sculpture in Detroit is "The Spirit of Detroit" by Marshall Fredericks at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit and the statue itself is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well. A memorial to Joe Louis at the i... | Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit? | Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit? | [
"Who sculpted the Spirit of Detroit?"
] | {
"text": [
"Marshall Fredericks"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3998 | 56bfbacaa10cfb1400551283 | Beyoncé | In 2001, she became the first African-American woman and second woman songwriter to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs ("Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check... | When did Beyonce become the first African American woman to win Pop songwriter of the year? | When did Beyonce become the first African American woman to win Pop songwriter of the year? | [
"When did Beyonce become the first African American woman to win Pop songwriter of the year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2001"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97171 | 56d22055e7d4791d00902684 | Frédéric_Chopin | From September 1823 to 1826 Chopin attended the Warsaw Lyceum, where he received organ lessons from the Czech musician Wilhelm Würfel during his first year. In the autumn of 1826 he began a three-year course under the Silesian composer Józef Elsner at the Warsaw Conservatory, studying music theory, figured bass and com... | What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826? | What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826? | [
"What was the name of the teacher of Chopin's three year course that began in the fall of 1826?"
] | {
"text": [
"Józef Elsner"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64918 | 5ad12795645df0001a2d0fa2 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | According to a 2011 projection by the International Energy Agency, solar power plants may produce most of the world's electricity within 50 years, significantly reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases that harm the environment. The IEA has said: "Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants may meet most of the world's dem... | Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants will never meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year? | Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants will never meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year? | [
"Photovoltaic and solar-thermal plants will never meet most of the world's demand for electricity by what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84698 | 57301f43b2c2fd14005688c8 | San_Diego | San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego. Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include Nokia, LG Electronics, Kyocera International., Cricket Commun... | What cellular company is one of the city's largest private-sector employers? | What cellular company is one of the city's largest private-sector employers? | [
"What cellular company is one of the city's largest private-sector employers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Qualcomm"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18367 | 570e334b0b85d914000d7d3c | Eritrea | However, Eritrea still faces many challenges. Despite number of physicians increasing from only 0.2 in 1993 to 0.5 in 2004 per 1000 population, this is still very low. Malaria and tuberculosis are common in Eritrea. HIV prevalence among the 15–49 group exceeds 2%. The fertility rate is at about 5 births per woman. Mate... | As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea? | As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea? | [
"As of 2002, how many births were attended by skilled health personnel in Eriterea?"
] | {
"text": [
"28.3%"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46824 | 57277c05dd62a815002e9e47 | Textual_criticism | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | As well as representing the original text, a critical text must also do what? | As well as representing the original text, a critical text must also do what? | [
"As well as representing the original text, a critical text must also do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"document variant readings"
],
"answer_start": [
788
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76094 | 5a4d522e755ab9001a10f3b8 | Web_browser | All major web browsers allow the user to open multiple information resources at the same time, either in different browser windows or in different tabs of the same window. Major browsers also include pop-up blockers to prevent unwanted windows from "popping up" without the user's consent. | What can be open without the user's consent in a window? | What can be open without the user's consent in a window? | [
"What can be open without the user's consent in a window?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39678 | 572792fdf1498d1400e8fc98 | FA_Cup | The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West ... | Who was the first outside club to win? | Who was the first outside club to win? | [
"Who was the first outside club to win? "
] | {
"text": [
"Notts County"
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69452 | 570a9c204103511400d5988f | Houston | The Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land MSA's gross domestic product (GDP) in 2012 was $489 billion, making it the fourth-largest of any metropolitan area in the United States and larger than Austria's, Venezuela's, or South Africa's GDP. Only 26 countries other than the United States have a gross domestic product exceedi... | Where in the rankings does Houston's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas? | Where in the rankings does Houston's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas? | [
"Where in the rankings does Houston's gross domestic product place it compared to other U.S. domestic areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"fourth-largest"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47602 | 572fd8b9a23a5019007fca7d | Armenia | The Armenian Genocide caused widespread emigration that led to the settlement of Armenians in various countries in the world. Armenians kept to their traditions and certain diasporans rose to fame with their music. In the post-Genocide Armenian community of the United States, the so-called "kef" style Armenian dance mu... | What is kef? | What is kef? | [
"What is kef?"
] | {
"text": [
"Armenian dance music, using Armenian and Middle Eastern folk instruments"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1109 | 572ec623dfa6aa1500f8d383 | Endangered_Species_Act | As of September 2012, fifty-six species have been delisted; twenty-eight due to recovery, ten due to extinction (seven of which are believed to have been extinct prior to being listed), ten due to changes in taxonomic classification practices, six due to discovery of new populations, one due to an error in the listing ... | As of September 2012, how many species had been delisted due to recovery? | As of September 2012, how many species had been delisted due to recovery? | [
"As of September 2012, how many species had been delisted due to recovery?"
] | {
"text": [
"twenty-eight"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69133 | 5709b2a2200fba1400368277 | Houston | One wave of the population boom ended abruptly in the mid-1980s, as oil prices fell precipitously. The space industry also suffered in 1986 after the Space Shuttle Challenger disintegrated shortly after launch. There was a cutback in some activities for a period. In the late 1980s, the city's economy suffered from the ... | When did Houston suffer an economic decline? | When did Houston suffer an economic decline? | [
"When did Houston suffer an economic decline?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 1980s"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70284 | 572990e16aef051400154fda | Neoclassical_architecture | From the middle of the 18th century, exploration and publication changed the course of British architecture towards a purer vision of the Ancient Greco-Roman ideal. James 'Athenian' Stuart's work The Antiquities of Athens and Other Monuments of Greece was very influential in this regard, as were Robert Wood's Palmyra a... | What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century? | What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century? | [
"What direction did British architecture go in mid 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ancient Greco-Roman ideal"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9919 | 57280ab42ca10214002d9c58 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | France and the UK, the largest shareholders in the Suez Canal Company, saw its nationalization as yet another hostile measure aimed at them by the Egyptian government. Nasser was aware that the canal's nationalization would instigate an international crisis and believed the prospect of military intervention by the two ... | What nations were outraged by the nationalization scheme? | What nations were outraged by the nationalization scheme? | [
"What nations were outraged by the nationalization scheme?"
] | {
"text": [
"France and the UK"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108682 | 572ca974dfb02c14005c6be5 | Tennessee | Local law enforcement is divided between County Sheriff's Offices and Municipal Police Departments. Tennessee's Constitution requires that each County have an elected Sheriff. In 94 of the 95 counties the Sheriff is the chief law enforcement officer in the county and has jurisdiction over the county as a whole. Each Sh... | Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas? | Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas? | [
"Who is in charge of policing Tennessee counties' unincorporated areas?"
] | {
"text": [
"County Sheriff"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103231 | 5ad292abd7d075001a429ac4 | Multiracial_American | Multiracial Americans are Americans who have mixed ancestry of "two or more races". The term may also include Americans of mixed-race ancestry who self-identify with just one group culturally and socially (cf. the one-drop rule). In the 2010 US census, approximately 9 million individuals, or 2.9% of the population, sel... | What would most likely produce a lower number of multiracial people? | What would most likely produce a lower number of multiracial people? | [
"What would most likely produce a lower number of multiracial people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110590 | 572678caf1498d1400e8e0de | Professional_wrestling | With its growing popularity, professional wrestling has attracted attention as a subject of serious academic study and journalistic criticism. Many courses, theses, essays, and dissertations have analyzed wrestling's conventions, content, and its role in modern society. It is often included as part of studies on theatr... | What did Heather Levi write? | What did Heather Levi write? | [
"What did Heather Levi write?"
] | {
"text": [
"an ethnography about the culture of lucha libre"
],
"answer_start": [
528
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64585 | 5733c432d058e614000b61f9 | Portugal | The country continued to be governed by a Junta de Salvação Nacional until the Portuguese legislative election of 1976. It was won by the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) and Mário Soares, its leader, became Prime Minister of the 1st Constitutional Government on 23 July. Mário Soares would be Prime Minister from 1976 to... | Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976? | Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976? | [
"Who became the Prime Minister of Portugal in 1976?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mário Soares"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54887 | 570d307eb3d812140066d51f | Macintosh | Jobs stated during the Macintosh's introduction "we expect Macintosh to become the third industry standard", after the Apple II and IBM PC. Although outselling every other computer, it did not meet expectations during the first year, especially among business customers. Only about ten applications including MacWrite an... | How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer? | How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer? | [
"How many companies did Apple promise were develping products for the new computer?"
] | {
"text": [
"79"
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12518 | 5a65ebb4c2b11c001a425df7 | Antibiotics | Phage therapy is another option that is being looked into for treating resistant strains of bacteria. The way that researchers are doing this is by infecting pathogenic bacteria with their own viruses, more specifically, bacteriophages. Bacteriophages, also known simply as phages, are precisely bacterial viruses that i... | What has been talked about to treat bateriophages? | What has been talked about to treat bateriophages? | [
"What has been talked about to treat bateriophages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60683 | 5ace4ac032bba1001ae4a1e5 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Four major AM radio stations based in or near Ann Arbor are WAAM 1600, a conservative news and talk station; WLBY 1290, a business news and talk station; WDEO 990, Catholic radio; and WTKA 1050, which is primarily a sports station. The city's FM stations include NPR affiliate WUOM 91.7; country station WWWW 102.9; and ... | What AM station plays country music? | What AM station plays country music? | [
"What AM station plays country music?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83111 | 56decc79c65bf219000b3d36 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006 allowing California to work with the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emis... | What green technology did Schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint? | What green technology did Schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint? | [
"What green technology did Schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint? "
] | {
"text": [
"solar panels"
],
"answer_start": [
716
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104691 | 57333f7dd058e614000b57c8 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Critics such as economist Paul Krugman and U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner have argued that the regulatory framework did not keep pace with financial innovation, such as the increasing importance of the shadow banking system, derivatives and off-balance sheet financing. A recent OECD study suggest that bank re... | What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation? | What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation? | [
"What economist believed that regulations did not keep up with financial innovation?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paul Krugman"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106312 | 5725e48589a1e219009ac05a | Hellenistic_period | During the reign of Mithridates I of Parthia, Arsacid control expanded to include Herat (in 167 BC), Babylonia (in 144 BC), Media (in 141 BC), Persia (in 139 BC), and large parts of Syria (in the 110s BC). The Seleucid–Parthian wars continued as the Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under Antiochus VII Sidetes (r. 138–129 ... | The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance? | The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance? | [
"The Seleucids invaded Mesopotamia under whose guidance?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antiochus VII Sidetes"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74016 | 56e4793839bdeb1400347950 | Architecture | In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti... | What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly? | What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly? | [
"What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?"
] | {
"text": [
"non-sustainable power sources"
],
"answer_start": [
450
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69245 | 570955309928a8140047153e | Houston | Houston (i/ˈhjuːstən/ HYOO-stən) is the most populous city in Texas and the fourth most populous city in the United States, located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million people, within a land area of 599.6 square miles (1,553 km2), it also is the largest ci... | What was the population of Houston in 2014? | What was the population of Houston in 2014? | [
"What was the population of Houston in 2014?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.239 million people"
],
"answer_start": [
219
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72183 | 5726208f89a1e219009ac2c1 | Greece | The end of the Dark Ages is traditionally dated to 776 BC, the year of the first Olympic Games. The Iliad and the Odyssey, the foundational texts of Western literature, are believed to have been composed by Homer in the 8th or 7th centuries BC With the end of the Dark Ages, there emerged various kingdoms and city-state... | Magna Graecia is Latin for what term? | Magna Graecia is Latin for what term? | [
"Magna Graecia is Latin for what term?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greater Greece"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16118 | 57316bfea5e9cc1400cdbf3c | Muammar_Gaddafi | Muammar Gaddafi was born in a tent near Qasr Abu Hadi, a rural area outside the town of Sirte in the deserts of western Libya. His family came from a small, relatively un-influential tribal group called the Qadhadhfa, who were Arabized Berber in heritage. His father, Mohammad Abdul Salam bin Hamed bin Mohammad, was kno... | What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe? | What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe? | [
"What was the name of Gaddafi's tribe?"
] | {
"text": [
"Qadhadhfa"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
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