gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-114877 | 5a7de78370df9f001a8752e2 | Matter | The pre-Socratics were among the first recorded speculators about the underlying nature of the visible world. Thales (c. 624 BC–c. 546 BC) regarded water as the fundamental material of the world. Anaximander (c. 610 BC–c. 546 BC) posited that the basic material was wholly characterless or limitless: the Infinite (apeir... | What did Parmenides believe was the fundamental material of the world? | What did Parmenides believe was the fundamental material of the world? | [
"What did Parmenides believe was the fundamental material of the world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1114 | 5a84a0597cf838001a46a9bb | Endangered_Species_Act | As of September 2012, fifty-six species have been delisted; twenty-eight due to recovery, ten due to extinction (seven of which are believed to have been extinct prior to being listed), ten due to changes in taxonomic classification practices, six due to discovery of new populations, one due to an error in the listing ... | How many species have gone from threatened to endangered? | How many species have gone from threatened to endangered? | [
"How many species have gone from threatened to endangered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111806 | 5acd857607355d001abf4561 | Education | It has been argued that high rates of education are essential for countries to be able to achieve high levels of economic growth. Empirical analyses tend to support the theoretical prediction that poor countries should grow faster than rich countries because they can adopt cutting edge technologies already tried and te... | What countries grow slower than rich countries? | What countries grow slower than rich countries? | [
"What countries grow slower than rich countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49277 | 57277c575951b619008f8b15 | Tuberculosis | It is the most widely used vaccine worldwide, with more than 90% of all children being vaccinated. The immunity it induces decreases after about ten years. As tuberculosis is uncommon in most of Canada, the United Kingdom, and the United States, BCG is administered only to those people at high risk. Part of the reasoni... | Is TB common or uncommon in the United States? | Is TB common or uncommon in the United States? | [
"Is TB common or uncommon in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [
"uncommon"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58268 | 572772ab708984140094ddca | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | In May 2015, a coalition of more than 60 Asian-American organizations filed federal complaints with the Education and Justice Departments against Harvard University. The coalition asked for a civil rights investigation into what they described as Harvard's discriminatory admission practices against Asian-American appli... | What grade average do some students have that are being rejected? | What grade average do some students have that are being rejected? | [
"What grade average do some students have that are being rejected?"
] | {
"text": [
"top-one-percent grade point averages"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20813 | 56dd219e9a695914005b9501 | Prime_minister | The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in th... | What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers? | What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers? | [
"What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?"
] | {
"text": [
"royal prerogative"
],
"answer_start": [
263
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63372 | 572610b9271a42140099d418 | Buckingham_Palace | The house which forms the architectural core of the palace was built for the first Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1703 to the design of William Winde. The style chosen was of a large, three-floored central block with two smaller flanking service wings. Buckingham House was eventually sold by Buckingham's descendant... | Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham? | Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham? | [
"Who designed the house for the Duke of Buckingham?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Winde"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42243 | 5ad259dbd7d075001a428e21 | Karl_Popper | Popper held that rationality is not restricted to the realm of empirical or scientific theories, but that it is merely a special case of the general method of criticism, the method of finding and eliminating contradictions in knowledge without ad-hoc-measures. According to this view, rational discussion about metaphysi... | What was W.W. Bartley III's uncontroversial claim? | What was W.W. Bartley III's uncontroversial claim? | [
"What was W.W. Bartley III's uncontroversial claim?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13231 | 56e7860900c9c71400d77234 | Nanjing | During the period of North–South division, Nanjing remained the capital of the Southern dynasties for more than two and a half centuries. During this time, Nanjing was the international hub of East Asia. Based on historical documents, the city had 280,000 registered households. Assuming an average Nanjing household had... | What is the estimated population of Nanjing during that time? | What is the estimated population of Nanjing during that time? | [
"What is the estimated population of Nanjing during that time?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 1.4 million residents"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109200 | 57278281708984140094df9d | Carnival | The King presides over a period of misrule in which conventional social rules may be broken and reckless behavior is encouraged. Festivities are held in the open air, beginning with a cercavila, a ritual procession throughout the town to call everyone to attend. Rues of masked revelers dance alongside. On Thursday Dijo... | Who is typically burned on a pyre? | Who is typically burned on a pyre? | [
"Who is typically burned on a pyre?"
] | {
"text": [
"King Carnival"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94528 | 57268c15f1498d1400e8e368 | Queen_(band) | The band's sixth studio album News of the World was released in 1977, which has gone four times platinum in the United States, and twice in the UK. The album contained many songs tailor-made for live performance, including two of rock's most recognisable anthems, "We Will Rock You" and the rock ballad "We Are the Champ... | Queen's News of the World contained which two rock anthems? | Queen's News of the World contained which two rock anthems? | [
"Queen's News of the World contained which two rock anthems?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"We Will Rock You\" and the rock ballad \"We Are the Champions\""
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17560 | 56cdd33262d2951400fa68c2 | Spectre_(2015_film) | The ownership of the Spectre organisation—originally stylised "SPECTRE" as an acronym of SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion—and its characters, had been at the centre of long-standing litigation starting in 1961 between Ian Fleming and Kevin McClory over the film rights to the ... | What did SPECTRE originally stand for? | What did SPECTRE originally stand for? | [
"What did SPECTRE originally stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"SPecial Executive for Counter-intelligence, Terrorism, Revenge and Extortion"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21924 | 5acd614a07355d001abf3ff5 | Aircraft_carrier | Carriers have evolved since their inception in the early twentieth century from wooden vessels used to deploy balloons to nuclear-powered warships that carry dozens of aircraft, including fighter jets and helicopters. As of 3 March 2016, there are thirty-seven active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies.... | As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there in the united states? | As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there in the united states? | [
"As of 3/3/2016, how many active aircraft carriers are there in the united states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60343 | 5ace2f5732bba1001ae49d1d | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | With roots dating back to 1909 in the university's School of Social Economy, the George Warren Brown School of Social Work (commonly called the Brown School or Brown) was founded in 1925. Brown's academic degree offerings include a Master of Social Work (MSW), a Master of Public Health (MPH), a PhD in Social Work, and ... | In what year did George Warren Brown die? | In what year did George Warren Brown die? | [
"In what year did George Warren Brown die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7229 | 5a134df7c8eab200188dc95c | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1714 and 1830. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I, George II, George III, and George IV—who reigned in continuous succession from August 1714 to... | What is the American term Georgian restricted to? | What is the American term Georgian restricted to? | [
"What is the American term Georgian restricted to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115579 | 57098741ed30961900e84290 | England_national_football_team | England is quite a successful nation at the UEFA European Football Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996. England hosted Euro 96 and have appeared in eight UEFA European Championship Finals tournaments, tied for ninth-best. The team has also reached the quarter-final on... | In which place did England finish in the UEFA European Football Championship in 1968? | In which place did England finish in the UEFA European Football Championship in 1968? | [
"In which place did England finish in the UEFA European Football Championship in 1968?"
] | {
"text": [
"third place"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20546 | 56cc62ce6d243a140015ef83 | IPod | In mid-2015, several new color schemes for all of the current iPod models were spotted in the latest version of iTunes, 12.2. Belgian website Belgium iPhone originally found the images when plugging in an iPod for the first time, and subsequent leaked photos were found by Pierre Dandumont. | Who leaked the photos of new iPod colors? | Who leaked the photos of new iPod colors? | [
"Who leaked the photos of new iPod colors?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pierre Dandumont"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31658 | 570d6cecb3d812140066d8e0 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre ai... | This system was a direct answer to what? | This system was a direct answer to what? | [
"This system was a direct answer to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Flakvierling"
],
"answer_start": [
743
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27525 | 57301c4fb2c2fd1400568892 | Liberia | On April 12, 1980, a military coup led by Master Sergeant Samuel Doe of the Krahn ethnic group overthrew and killed President William R. Tolbert, Jr.. Doe and the other plotters later executed a majority of Tolbert's cabinet and other Americo-Liberian government officials and True Whig Party members. The coup leaders f... | The coup leaders later became known as? | The coup leaders later became known as? | [
"The coup leaders later became known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the People's Redemption Council"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44326 | 5a2f069ba83784001a7d264d | Bras%C3%ADlia | The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas. The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras. The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto ... | What tourist areas does the metro serve? | What tourist areas does the metro serve? | [
"What tourist areas does the metro serve?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37943 | 572fffb8a23a5019007fcc2c | Roman_Republic | However, civil war flared again when the Second Triumvirate of Octavian, Lepidus and Mark Antony failed. The ambitious Octavian built a power base of patronage and then launched a campaign against Mark Antony. At the naval Battle of Actium off the coast of Greece, Octavian decisively defeated Antony and Cleopatra. Octa... | Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome? | Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome? | [
"Who has been designated as the first Emperor of Rome?"
] | {
"text": [
"Octavian"
],
"answer_start": [
566
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50290 | 5acedfa732bba1001ae4b7f7 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | What three countries argued over credit for the discovery of Neptune? | What three countries argued over credit for the discovery of Neptune? | [
"What three countries argued over credit for the discovery of Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95250 | 56df98d938dc4217001520b6 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | As is sometimes common in scientific discoveries, simultaneous developments can occur, as evidenced by a number of inventors who were at work on the telephone. Over a period of 18 years, the Bell Telephone Company faced 587 court challenges to its patents, including five that went to the U.S. Supreme Court, but none wa... | How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court? | How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court? | [
"How many of the court cases wound up at the Supreme Court?"
] | {
"text": [
"5"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34290 | 56f8393fa6d7ea1400e174c6 | Southampton | Following the Norman Conquest in 1066, Southampton became the major port of transit between the then capital of England, Winchester, and Normandy. Southampton Castle was built in the 12th century and by the 13th century Southampton had become a leading port, particularly involved in the import of French wine in exchang... | What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest? | What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest? | [
"What was the capital of England during the time of the Norman Conquest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Winchester"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25588 | 57310987e6313a140071cb86 | Namibia | Namibia's primary tourism related governing body, the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB), was established by an Act of Parliament: the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000). Its primary objectives are to regulate the tourism industry and to market Namibia as a tourist destination. There are also a number of trade a... | What does act 21 in Namibia regulate? | What does act 21 in Namibia regulate? | [
"What does act 21 in Namibia regulate?"
] | {
"text": [
"tourism industry"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90226 | 5acfd70277cf76001a68628d | Tibet | The Tibetan name for their land, Bod བོད་, means "Tibet" or "Tibetan Plateau", although it originally meant the central region around Lhasa, now known in Tibetan as Ü. The Standard Tibetan pronunciation of Bod, [pʰøʔ˨˧˨], is transcribed Bhö in Tournadre Phonetic Transcription, Bö in the THL Simplified Phonetic Transcri... | When was Periplus of the Geographia Sea written? | When was Periplus of the Geographia Sea written? | [
"When was Periplus of the Geographia Sea written?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43998 | 56d1270917492d1400aaba9a | Kanye_West | In February 2016, West again became embroiled in controversy when he posted a tweet seemingly asserting Bill Cosby's innocence in the wake of over 50 women making allegations of sexual assault directed at Cosby. | What actor was Kanye defending on Twitter in February 2016? | What actor was Kanye defending on Twitter in February 2016? | [
"What actor was Kanye defending on Twitter in February 2016?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bill Cosby"
],
"answer_start": [
104
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22037 | 570b063eec8fbc190045b7e3 | Aircraft_carrier | Conventional ("tailhook") aircraft rely upon a landing signal officer (LSO, radio call sign paddles) to monitor the aircraft's approach, visually gauge glideslope, attitude, and airspeed, and transmit that data to the pilot. Before the angled deck emerged in the 1950s, LSOs used colored paddles to signal corrections to... | Who does a conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot? | Who does a conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot? | [
"Who does a conventional aircraft rely upon to moniter the aircraft's approach and transmit the data to the pilot?"
] | {
"text": [
"a landing signal officer"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96085 | 5a1e29a63de3f40018b26505 | Hokkien | In 2002, the Taiwan Solidarity Union, a party with about 10% of the Legislative Yuan seats at the time, suggested making Taiwanese a second official language. This proposal encountered strong opposition not only from Mainlander groups but also from Hakka and Taiwanese aboriginal groups who felt that it would slight the... | How many seats in the legislature did Taiwanese aboriginal groups have in 2002? | How many seats in the legislature did Taiwanese aboriginal groups have in 2002? | [
"How many seats in the legislature did Taiwanese aboriginal groups have in 2002?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20385 | 5729689c3f37b31900478346 | Glass | New chemical glass compositions or new treatment techniques can be initially investigated in small-scale laboratory experiments. The raw materials for laboratory-scale glass melts are often different from those used in mass production because the cost factor has a low priority. In the laboratory mostly pure chemicals a... | What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again? | What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again? | [
"What is the reason for crushing the glass and melting it again?"
] | {
"text": [
"homogeneity"
],
"answer_start": [
981
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40371 | 5ad4f9d55b96ef001a10a841 | Paper | To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not ... | What is combined with lignin when making pulp? | What is combined with lignin when making pulp? | [
"What is combined with lignin when making pulp?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7068 | 5ad4ec5c5b96ef001a10a67c | Red | Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being. It is the color of celebration and ceremony. A red carpet is often used to welcome distinguished guests. Red is also the traditional color of seats in opera houses and theaters. Scarlet academic gowns are worn by new Doctors of Philosophy at degree cere... | What color to brides wear in Christian countries? | What color to brides wear in Christian countries? | [
"What color to brides wear in Christian countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86765 | 5a8c9fb1fd22b3001a8d8bfe | Biodiversity | Biodiversity, a contraction of "biological diversity," generally refers to the variety and variability of life on Earth. One of the most widely used definitions defines it in terms of the variability within species, between species, and between ecosystems. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in differen... | What term refers to the temperature of life on earth? | What term refers to the temperature of life on earth? | [
"What term refers to the temperature of life on earth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7548 | 5a8c452afd22b3001a8d8694 | Database | IBM started working on a prototype system loosely based on Codd's concepts as System R in the early 1970s. The first version was ready in 1974/5, and work then started on multi-table systems in which the data could be split so that all of the data for a record (some of which is optional) did not have to be stored in a ... | When customers first tested IBM's system, what computer language had been removed? | When customers first tested IBM's system, what computer language had been removed? | [
"When customers first tested IBM's system, what computer language had been removed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24955 | 56cf4ed5aab44d1400b88fa4 | New_York_City | New York City's most important economic sector lies in its role as the headquarters for the U.S.financial industry, metonymously known as Wall Street. The city's securities industry, enumerating 163,400 jobs in August 2013, continues to form the largest segment of the city's financial sector and an important economic e... | How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate? | How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate? | [
"How much tax revenue does the securities industry generate?"
] | {
"text": [
"US$3.8 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
408
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99086 | 5a82571531013a001a33542c | Turner_Classic_Movies | Turner Classic Movies also airs regularly scheduled weekly film blocks, which are periodically preempted for special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events, such as the "31 Days of Oscar" film series in the month preceding the Academy Awards and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars" in August; all featured p... | When does the Essentials Under the Stars event take place? | When does the Essentials Under the Stars event take place? | [
"When does the Essentials Under the Stars event take place?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10962 | 5733ac79d058e614000b6004 | Anthropology | Similar organizations in other countries followed: The American Anthropological Association in 1902, the Anthropological Society of Madrid (1865), the Anthropological Society of Vienna (1870), the Italian Society of Anthropology and Ethnology (1871), and many others subsequently. The majority of these were evolutionist... | When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow? | When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow? | [
"When was the Berlin Society of Anthropology founded by Rudolph Virchow?"
] | {
"text": [
"1869"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34825 | 5a1e09db3de3f40018b26468 | Political_philosophy | Political and economic relations were drastically influenced by these theories as the concept of the guild was subordinated to the theory of free trade, and Roman Catholic dominance of theology was increasingly challenged by Protestant churches subordinate to each nation-state, which also (in a fashion the Roman Cathol... | The allotment was an evolution of what? | The allotment was an evolution of what? | [
"The allotment was an evolution of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106158 | 5725c0cfec44d21400f3d4d1 | Hellenistic_period | The third war of the Diadochi broke out because of the growing power and ambition of Antigonus. He began removing and appointing satraps as if he were king and also raided the royal treasuries in Ectabana, Persepolis and Susa, making off with 25,000 talents. Seleucus was forced to flee to Egypt and Antigonus was soon a... | What year did the Argead Dynasty end? | What year did the Argead Dynasty end? | [
"What year did the Argead Dynasty end?"
] | {
"text": [
"310"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12098 | 5ad14d7a645df0001a2d16a5 | Universal_Studios | Goetz set out an ambitious schedule. Universal-International became responsible for the American distribution of Rank's British productions, including such classics as David Lean's Great Expectations (1946) and Laurence Olivier's Hamlet (1948). Broadening its scope further, Universal-International branched out into the... | What year was David Lean's Hamlet produced? | What year was David Lean's Hamlet produced? | [
"What year was David Lean's Hamlet produced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85945 | 572f688b04bcaa1900d768ef | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson was probably first visited by Paleo-Indians, known to have been in southern Arizona about 12,000 years ago. Recent archaeological excavations near the Santa Cruz River have located a village site dating from 2100 BC.[citation needed] The floodplain of the Santa Cruz River was extensively farmed during the Early ... | How long ago did Tuscan have their first visitors? | How long ago did Tuscan have their first visitors? | [
"How long ago did Tuscan have their first visitors?"
] | {
"text": [
"12,000 years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11479 | 5727a5473acd2414000de8cc | North_Carolina | In 2012, the state elected a Republican Governor (Pat McCrory) and Lieutenant Governor (Dan Forest) for the first time in more than two decades, while also giving the Republicans veto-proof majorities in both the State House of Representatives and the State Senate. Several U.S. House of Representatives seats also flipp... | What political party does Pat McCrory belong to? | What political party does Pat McCrory belong to? | [
"What political party does Pat McCrory belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Republican"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72996 | 56d3665c59d6e414001462e1 | American_Idol | American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Ke... | What comedian was an original host on American Idol? | What comedian was an original host on American Idol? | [
"What comedian was an original host on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brian Dunkleman"
],
"answer_start": [
480
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80185 | 5726d7ebf1498d1400e8ecd2 | Samoa | The Samoan word for dance is siva with unique gentle movements of the body in time to music and which tells a story, although the Samoan male dances can be more physical and snappy. The sasa is also a traditional dance where rows of dancers perform rapid synchronised movements in time to the rhythm of wooden drums (pat... | What are pates? | What are pates? | [
"What are pates?"
] | {
"text": [
"wooden drums"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102940 | 5acd21f407355d001abf361d | Unicode | In UTF-32 and UCS-4, one 32-bit code value serves as a fairly direct representation of any character's code point (although the endianness, which varies across different platforms, affects how the code value manifests as an octet sequence). In the other encodings, each code point may be represented by a variable number... | What uses UCS-4 as an internal representation? | What uses UCS-4 as an internal representation? | [
"What uses UCS-4 as an internal representation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9914 | 572806d8ff5b5019007d9b37 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld tha... | What country had signed an agreement with Nasser in 1954? | What country had signed an agreement with Nasser in 1954? | [
"What country had signed an agreement with Nasser in 1954?"
] | {
"text": [
"UK"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42089 | 57288ea43acd2414000dfafb | Karl_Popper | Popper left school at the age of 16 and attended lectures in mathematics, physics, philosophy, psychology and the history of music as a guest student at the University of Vienna. In 1919, Popper became attracted by Marxism and subsequently joined the Association of Socialist School Students. He also became a member of ... | At which age did Popper first attend university? | At which age did Popper first attend university? | [
"At which age did Popper first attend university?"
] | {
"text": [
"16"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23084 | 56de3178cffd8e1900b4b659 | Human_Development_Index | Some countries were not included for various reasons, primarily the lack of necessary data. The following United Nations Member States were not included in the 2014 report: North Korea, Marshall Islands, Monaco, Nauru, San Marino, Somalia, India, Pakistan, South Sudan, and Tuvalu. | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report? | What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report? | [
"What is the main reason that countries were excluded from the 2014 report?"
] | {
"text": [
"lack of necessary data"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39659 | 57279147f1498d1400e8fc54 | FA_Cup | Chasetown, whilst playing at Level 8 of English football during the 2007–08 competition, are the lowest-ranked team to play in the Third Round Proper (final 64, of 731 teams entered that season). Chasetown was then a member of the Southern League Division One Midlands (a lower level within the Southern Football League)... | How many teams competed that year? | How many teams competed that year? | [
"How many teams competed that year? "
] | {
"text": [
"731 teams entered that season"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54251 | 5ad3eed3604f3c001a3ff7f2 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Only service dress is suitable for CAF members to wear on any occasion, barring "dirty work" or combat. With gloves, swords, and medals (No. 1 or 1A), it is suitable for ceremonial occasions and "dressed down" (No. 3 or lower), it is suitable for daily wear. Generally, after the elimination of base dress (although stil... | What can be worn in warm winter weather? | What can be worn in warm winter weather? | [
" What can be worn in warm winter weather?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98591 | 57267ab2dd62a815002e868c | Marvel_Comics | In addition to Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four, Marvel began publishing further superhero titles featuring such heroes and antiheroes as the Hulk, Thor, Ant-Man, Iron Man, the X-Men, Daredevil, the Inhumans, Black Panther, Doctor Strange, Captain Marvel and the Silver Surfer, and such memorable antagonists as Doctor ... | The shared milieu inhabited by all Marvel heroes and villains is known as? | The shared milieu inhabited by all Marvel heroes and villains is known as? | [
"The shared milieu inhabited by all Marvel heroes and villains is known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Marvel Universe"
],
"answer_start": [
431
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50458 | 5acee2fa32bba1001ae4b88a | Neptune | The Scooter is another storm, a white cloud group farther south than the Great Dark Spot. This nickname first arose during the months leading up to the Voyager 2 encounter in 1989, when they were observed moving at speeds faster than the Great Dark Spot (and images acquired later would subsequently reveal the presence ... | What didn't detect the storms on Neptune? | What didn't detect the storms on Neptune? | [
" What didn't detect the storms on Neptune?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95329 | 56dfb5977aa994140058e02d | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In 1898, Bell experimented with tetrahedral box kites and wings constructed of multiple compound tetrahedral kites covered in maroon silk.[N 23] The tetrahedral wings were named Cygnet I, II and III, and were flown both unmanned and manned (Cygnet I crashed during a flight carrying Selfridge) in the period from 1907–19... | Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year? | Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year? | [
"Bell's kits were flown from 1907 to what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
318
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75364 | 5ad138be645df0001a2d123b | Labour_Party_(UK) | Labour went on to win the 1950 general election, but with a much reduced majority of five seats. Soon afterwards, defence became a divisive issue within the party, especially defence spending (which reached a peak of 14% of GDP in 1951 during the Korean War), straining public finances and forcing savings elsewhere. The... | What was a uniting issue in the party? | What was a uniting issue in the party? | [
"What was a uniting issue in the party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82099 | 572ab52e34ae481900deac75 | Royal_assent | Articles 77–79 of the Norwegian Constitution specifically grant the monarch of Norway the right to withhold royal assent from any bill passed by the Storting. Should the sovereign ever choose to exercise this privilege, Article 79 provides a means by which his veto may be over-ridden: "If a Bill has been passed unalter... | How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed? | How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed? | [
"How many elections are required to assend a bill that the monarch has vetoed?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86294 | 5734453aacc1501500babd5c | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of ... | When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award? | When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award? | [
"When did Tucson get a 'Best Transit System' award?"
] | {
"text": [
"1988 and 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115151 | 5726224738643c19005ad070 | Mammal | The early synapsid mammalian ancestors were sphenacodont pelycosaurs, a group that produced the non-mammalian Dimetrodon. At the end of the Carboniferous period, this group diverged from the sauropsid line that led to today's reptiles and birds. The line following the stem group Sphenacodontia split-off several diverse... | When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct? | When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct? | [
"When did non-avian dinosaurs become extinct?"
] | {
"text": [
"66 million years ago"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94671 | 5726d45d708984140094d2a3 | Queen_(band) | In 1963, the teenage Brian May and his father custom-built his signature guitar Red Special, which was purposely designed to feedback. Sonic experimentation figured heavily in Queen's songs. A distinctive characteristic of Queen's music are the vocal harmonies which are usually composed of the voices of May, Mercury, a... | Which producer influenced Queen's feedback heavy sound? | Which producer influenced Queen's feedback heavy sound? | [
"Which producer influenced Queen's feedback heavy sound?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roy Thomas Baker"
],
"answer_start": [
508
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48638 | 5728499a2ca10214002da24e | War_on_Terror | In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the ... | When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar? | When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar? | [
"When did Musharraf arrest Maulana Masood Azhar?"
] | {
"text": [
"2002"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67686 | 5726b4e35951b619008f7b3a | Norfolk_Island | The Assembly consisted of nine seats, with electors casting nine equal votes, of which no more than two could be given to any individual candidate. It is a method of voting called a "weighted first past the post system". Four of the members of the Assembly formed the Executive Council, which devised policy and acted as... | Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island? | Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island? | [
"Who was the last Chief Minister of Norfolk Island?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lisle Snell"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45906 | 5731b9c0e17f3d1400422339 | YouTube | An independent test in 2009 uploaded multiple versions of the same song to YouTube, and concluded that while the system was "surprisingly resilient" in finding copyright violations in the audio tracks of videos, it was not infallible. The use of Content ID to remove material automatically has led to controversy in some... | What was the ultimate view of Content ID's performance after a 2009 test? | What was the ultimate view of Content ID's performance after a 2009 test? | [
"What was the ultimate view of Content ID's performance after a 2009 test?"
] | {
"text": [
"surprisingly resilient"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41717 | 56d64a821c85041400947075 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The central government estimates that over 7,000 inadequately engineered schoolrooms collapsed in the earthquake. Chinese citizens have since invented a catch phrase: "tofu-dregs schoolhouses" (Chinese: 豆腐渣校舍), to mock both the quality and the quantity of these inferior constructions that killed so many school children... | Why did so many schools collapse during the earthquake? | Why did so many schools collapse during the earthquake? | [
"Why did so many schools collapse during the earthquake?"
] | {
"text": [
"inadequately engineered"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13039 | 5ad014c177cf76001a686916 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Many Pygmies belong from birth to Bantus in a relationship many refer to as slavery. The Congolese Human Rights Observatory says that the Pygmies are treated as property the same way "pets" are. On December 30, 2010, the Congolese parliament adopted a law for the promotion and protection of the rights of indigenous peo... | Who do many Bantus belong to? | Who do many Bantus belong to? | [
"Who do many Bantus belong to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64087 | 5ace87a232bba1001ae4a987 | Annelid | The gut is generally an almost straight tube supported by the mesenteries (vertical partitions within segments), and ends with the anus on the underside of the pygidium. However, in members of the tube-dwelling family Siboglinidae the gut is blocked by a swollen lining that houses symbiotic bacteria, which can make up ... | What type of annelids are brain-dwelling? | What type of annelids are brain-dwelling? | [
"What type of annelids are brain-dwelling?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104932 | 573386814776f41900660ca1 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | European regulators introduced Basel III regulations for banks. It increased capital ratios, limits on leverage, narrow definition of capital (to exclude subordinated debt), limit counter-party risk, and new liquidity requirements. Critics argue that Basel III doesn’t address the problem of faulty risk-weightings. Majo... | Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem? | Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem? | [
"Critics argue that Basel III doesn't address which problem?"
] | {
"text": [
"faulty risk-weightings"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65793 | 5719c6a94faf5e1900b8a7ea | Seattle | After a difficult winter, most of the Denny Party relocated across Elliott Bay and claimed land a second time at the site of present-day Pioneer Square. Charles Terry and John Low remained at the original landing location and reestablished their old land claim and called it "New York", but renamed "New York Alki" in Ap... | What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square? | What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square? | [
"What group of settlers established a site at Pioneer Square?"
] | {
"text": [
"Denny Party"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13883 | 5a8328fee60761001a2eb476 | BBC_Television | BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was t... | Who was Alexandra Bligh? | Who was Alexandra Bligh? | [
"Who was Alexandra Bligh?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6304 | 5ad2a218d7d075001a429ce4 | PlayStation_3 | Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (... | Dell unveiled the PS3 to the public on what date? | Dell unveiled the PS3 to the public on what date? | [
"Dell unveiled the PS3 to the public on what date?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94162 | 5a7e4fc870df9f001a8756f0 | Cork_(city) | Cork has been culturally diverse for many years, from Huguenot communities in the 17th century, through to Eastern European communities and a smaller numbers from African and Asian nations in the 20th and 21st centuries. This is reflected in the multi-cultural restaurants and shops, including specialist shops for East-... | What is the size of the Jewish community in Romania? | What is the size of the Jewish community in Romania? | [
"What is the size of the Jewish community in Romania?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97997 | 56e07476231d4119001ac181 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen gas (dihydrogen or molecular hydrogen) is highly flammable and will burn in air at a very wide range of concentrations between 4% and 75% by volume. The enthalpy of combustion for hydrogen is −286 kJ/mol: | Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol? | Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol? | [
"Which element has a enthalpy of combustion at −286 kJ/mol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hydrogen"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69798 | 573031bb04bcaa1900d7733b | Windows_8 | Windows 8 introduces a new style of application, Windows Store apps. According to Microsoft developer Jensen Harris, these apps are to be optimized for touchscreen environments and are more specialized than current desktop applications. Apps can run either in a full-screen mode, or be snapped to the side of a screen. A... | Who is Jensen Harris? | Who is Jensen Harris? | [
"Who is Jensen Harris?"
] | {
"text": [
"Microsoft developer"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89030 | 5acd4d5207355d001abf3c7d | Hunter-gatherer | As the number and size of agricultural societies increased, they expanded into lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers. This process of agriculture-driven expansion led to the development of the first forms of government in agricultural centers, such as the Fertile Crescent, Ancient India, Ancient China, Olmec, Su... | The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government? | The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government? | [
"The lands traditionally used by hunter-gatherers were overtaken by what forms of government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9951 | 572814a52ca10214002d9d7c | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Relations between Nasser and King Hussein deteriorated in April when Hussein implicated Nasser in two coup attempts against him—although Nasser's involvement was never established—and dissolved al-Nabulsi's cabinet. Nasser subsequently slammed Hussein on Cairo radio as being "a tool of the imperialists". Relations with... | What leader accused Nasser of trying to overthrow him? | What leader accused Nasser of trying to overthrow him? | [
"What leader accused Nasser of trying to overthrow him?"
] | {
"text": [
"King Hussein"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96311 | 5728f1da6aef051400154890 | Paris | For centuries, Paris has attracted artists from around the world, who arrive in the city to educate themselves and to seek inspiration from its vast pool of artistic resources and galleries. As a result, Paris has acquired a reputation as the "City of Art". Italian artists were a profound influence on the development o... | In what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded? | In what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded? | [
"In what year was the Academie royale de peinture et de sculpture founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1648"
],
"answer_start": [
811
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36005 | 572710e9f1498d1400e8f2f8 | Comcast | Comcast announced in May 2007 and launched in September 2008 a dashboard called SmartZone. Hewlett-Packard led "design, creation and management". Collaboration and unified messaging technology came from open-source vendor Zimbra. "SmartZone users will be able to send and receive e-mail, listen to their voicemail messag... | Smartzone used what company's antivirus protection? | Smartzone used what company's antivirus protection? | [
"Smartzone used what company's antivirus protection?"
] | {
"text": [
"Trend Micro"
],
"answer_start": [
536
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-130 | 56f8dbaa9b226e1400dd1110 | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau is warm all year around and there is little temperature fluctuation; it averages 26.3 °C (79.3 °F). The average rainfall for Bissau is 2,024 millimetres (79.7 in) although this is almost entirely accounted for during the rainy season which falls between June and September/October. From December through Ap... | What does the country experience from December through April? | What does the country experience from December through April? | [
"What does the country experience from December through April?"
] | {
"text": [
"drought"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74463 | 5ace32ce32bba1001ae49dc1 | Asphalt | Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with "coal tar", which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road ... | Which similar oil can asphalt be confused with? | Which similar oil can asphalt be confused with? | [
"Which similar oil can asphalt be confused with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61498 | 5727fc492ca10214002d9ab7 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1... | What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded? | What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded? | [
" What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1618"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45806 | 5731a7c9e99e3014001e61ae | YouTube | Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderso... | Who is the TED curator? | Who is the TED curator? | [
"Who is the TED curator?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chris Anderson"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80995 | 5724e8960ba9f01400d97bbd | Queen_Victoria | In 1887, the British Empire celebrated Victoria's Golden Jubilee. Victoria marked the fiftieth anniversary of her accession on 20 June with a banquet to which 50 kings and princes were invited. The following day, she participated in a procession and attended a thanksgiving service in Westminster Abbey. By this time, Vi... | When was Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee? | When was Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee? | [
"When was Queen Victoria's Golden Jubilee? "
] | {
"text": [
"1887"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1154 | 572ec9bf03f9891900756a27 | Endangered_Species_Act | A reward will be paid to any person who furnishes information which leads to an arrest, conviction, or revocation of a license, so long as they are not a local, state, or federal employee in the performance of official duties. The Secretary may also provide reasonable and necessary costs incurred for the care of fish, ... | Costs over what balance lead to the Secretary of the Treasury depositing money into the cooperative endangered species conservation fund? | Costs over what balance lead to the Secretary of the Treasury depositing money into the cooperative endangered species conservation fund? | [
"Costs over what balance lead to the Secretary of the Treasury depositing money into the cooperative endangered species conservation fund?"
] | {
"text": [
"$500,000"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63324 | 5725c1f2271a42140099d143 | Buckingham_Palace | In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site c... | Which river runs underneath the palace? | Which river runs underneath the palace? | [
"Which river runs underneath the palace?"
] | {
"text": [
"river Tyburn"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101941 | 5a513e8ece860b001aa3fc7d | States_of_Germany | The use of the term Länder (Lands) dates back to the Weimar Constitution of 1919. Before this time, the constituent states of the German Empire were called Staaten (States). Today, it is very common to use the term Bundesland (Federal Land). However, this term is not used officially, neither by the constitution of 1919... | What year was the German Constitution written? | What year was the German Constitution written? | [
"What year was the German Constitution written?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103037 | 5acd478d07355d001abf3bfc | Unicode | Unicode has been criticized for failing to separately encode older and alternative forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names. This is often due to the fact that Unicode encodes characters rather than glyphs (the visual representations of the basic ch... | What are being merged alongside just the glyphs? | What are being merged alongside just the glyphs? | [
"What are being merged alongside just the glyphs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108985 | 5a7e59cc48f7d9001a063515 | Literature | Philosophy has become an increasingly academic discipline. More of its practitioners lament this situation than occurs with the sciences; nonetheless most new philosophical work appears in academic journals. Major philosophers through history—Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, Augustine, Descartes, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche—have... | Who are the major practitioners through history? | Who are the major practitioners through history? | [
"Who are the major practitioners through history? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1762 | 570b3f0fec8fbc190045b911 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | In January 2002, the U.S. sent more than 1,200 troops (later raised to 2,000) to assist the Armed Forces of the Philippines in combating terrorist groups linked to al-Qaida, such as Abu Sayyaf, under Operation Enduring Freedom - Philippines. Operations have taken place mostly in the Sulu Archipelago, where terrorists a... | Terrorists in the Philippines were linked to what larger terrorist organization? | Terrorists in the Philippines were linked to what larger terrorist organization? | [
"Terrorists in the Philippines were linked to what larger terrorist organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"al-Qaida"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84997 | 5a283c47d1a287001a6d0b10 | Mali | Until the military coup of 22 March 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012, Mali was a constitutional democracy governed by the Constitution of 12 January 1992, which was amended in 1999. The constitution provides for a separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government... | What was amended in 1992? | What was amended in 1992? | [
"What was amended in 1992?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90454 | 5727ea72ff5b5019007d9877 | Tibet | Roman Catholic Jesuits and Capuchins arrived from Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. Portuguese missionaries Jesuit Father António de Andrade and Brother Manuel Marques first reached the kingdom of Gelu in western Tibet in 1624 and was welcomed by the royal family who allowed them to build a church later on. By 162... | When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet? | When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet? | [
"When did Portuguese missionaries first arrive in western Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"1624"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6143 | 5ad027ef77cf76001a686bf9 | Late_Middle_Ages | This new approach liberated scientific speculation from the dogmatic restraints of Aristotelian science, and paved the way for new approaches. Particularly within the field of theories of motion great advances were made, when such scholars as Jean Buridan, Nicole Oresme and the Oxford Calculators challenged the work of... | What did Jean Buridan destroy to explain the motion of projectiles? | What did Jean Buridan destroy to explain the motion of projectiles? | [
"What did Jean Buridan destroy to explain the motion of projectiles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16483 | 57318cb8a5e9cc1400cdc046 | Muammar_Gaddafi | On the afternoon of Gaddafi's death, NTC Prime Minister Mahmoud Jibril publicly revealed the news. Gaddafi's corpse was placed in the freezer of a local market alongside the corpses of Yunis Jabr and Mutassim; the bodies were publicly displayed for four days, with Libyans from all over the country coming to view them. ... | For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public? | For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public? | [
"For how many days was Gaddafi's corpse displayed in public?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19317 | 5a3b093f3ff257001ab843b0 | Rule_of_law | In 1607, English Chief Justice Sir Edward Coke said in the Case of Prohibitions (according to his own report) "that the law was the golden met-wand and measure to try the causes of the subjects; and which protected His Majesty in safety and peace: with which the King was greatly offended, and said, that then he should ... | According to Coke what should kings be above? | According to Coke what should kings be above? | [
"According to Coke what should kings be above?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100540 | 572e5dabcb0c0d14000f118c | Post-punk | The term "post-punk" was first used by journalists in the late 1970s to describe groups moving beyond punk's sonic template into disparate areas. Many of these artists, initially inspired by punk's DIY ethic and energy, ultimately became disillusioned with the style and movement, feeling that it had fallen into commerc... | What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do? | What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do? | [
"What did post-punk artists feel there was an imperative to constantly do?"
] | {
"text": [
"change"
],
"answer_start": [
858
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41647 | 56cec79caab44d1400b88a37 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Persistent heavy rain and landslides in Wenchuan County and the nearby area badly affected rescue efforts. At the start of rescue operations on May 12, 20 helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid, and also the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas. By 1... | How many troops parachuted into Mao County? | How many troops parachuted into Mao County? | [
"How many troops parachuted into Mao County?"
] | {
"text": [
"15"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39879 | 5729734f1d04691400779497 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Downtown New Haven, occupied by nearly 7,000 residents, has a more residential character than most downtowns. The downtown area provides about half of the city's jobs and half of its tax base and in recent years has become filled with dozens of new upscale restaurants, several of which have garnered national praise (su... | Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage? | Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage? | [
"Of the downtown area what gets the most positive media coverage?"
] | {
"text": [
"new upscale restaurants"
],
"answer_start": [
245
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54961 | 5ad563b95b96ef001a10ad82 | Macintosh | Following the release of Intel-based Macs, third-party platform virtualization software such as Parallels Desktop, VMware Fusion, and VirtualBox began to emerge. These programs allow users to run Microsoft Windows or previously Windows-only software on Macs at near native speed. Apple also released Boot Camp and Mac-sp... | What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Microsoft? | What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Microsoft? | [
"What is possible to run by using Boot camp, even though it is not condoned by Microsoft?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46971 | 57279d21ff5b5019007d910f | Textual_criticism | Bowers confronted a similar problem in his edition of Maggie. Crane originally printed the novel privately in 1893. To secure commercial publication in 1896, Crane agreed to remove profanity, but he also made stylistic revisions. Bowers's approach was to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896, but to rever... | What was the first step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions? | What was the first step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions? | [
"What was the first step Bowers took in editing a single work with two versions?"
] | {
"text": [
"to preserve the stylistic and literary changes of 1896,"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62923 | 572fa514947a6a140053cafe | Pain | Sugar taken orally reduces the total crying time but not the duration of the first cry in newborns undergoing a painful procedure (a single lancing of the heel). It does not moderate the effect of pain on heart rate and a recent single study found that sugar did not significantly affect pain-related electrical activit... | Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure? | Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure? | [
"Sugar also doesn't measurably change what type of electrical activity in the brains of newborns a second after the heel lance procedure?"
] | {
"text": [
"pain-related"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46755 | 5ad0c8d3645df0001a2d032c | Department_store | George Dayton had founded his Dayton's Dry Goods store in Minneapolis in 1902 and the AMC cooperative in 1912. His descendants built Southdale Center in 1956, opened the Target discount store chain in 1962 and the B. Dalton Bookseller chain in 1966. Dayton's grew to 19 stores under the Dayton's name plus five other reg... | What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1987? | What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1987? | [
"What store did the Dayton-Hudson Corporation purchase in 1987?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36673 | 5a8485907cf838001a46a8cc | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Starting with Republican Nicholas Longworth in 1925, and continued through the Democrats' control of the House from 1931 to 1995, save for Republican majorities in 1947–49 and 1953–55, all majority leaders have directly ascended to the Speakership brought upon by the retirement of the incumbent. The only exceptions dur... | How did Newt Gingrich die in 2006? | How did Newt Gingrich die in 2006? | [
"How did Newt Gingrich die in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81126 | 5723ec9f0dadf01500fa1fa7 | Queen_Victoria | After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ... | What year was the Indian Rebellion? | What year was the Indian Rebellion? | [
"What year was the Indian Rebellion?"
] | {
"text": [
"1857"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
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