gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-13839 | 5a831a9be60761001a2eb3ee | BBC_Television | After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 1 October 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, which housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter its... | What housed scenery offices and make-up stores? | What housed scenery offices and make-up stores? | [
"What housed scenery offices and make-up stores?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67294 | 5709b099200fba1400368270 | Animal | Because of the great diversity found in animals, it is more economical for scientists to study a small number of chosen species so that connections can be drawn from their work and conclusions extrapolated about how animals function in general. Because they are easy to keep and breed, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogas... | Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa? | Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa? | [
"Analysis of what genome has emphasised the importance of sponges, placozoans, and choanoflagellates in explaining the arrival of 1500 ancestral genes unique to the Eumetazoa?"
] | {
"text": [
"starlet sea anemone"
],
"answer_start": [
868
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10301 | 56de418fcffd8e1900b4b720 | Symbiosis | Amensalism is the type of relationship that exists where one species is inhibited or completely obliterated and one is unaffected. This type of symbiosis is relatively uncommon in rudimentary reference texts, but is omnipresent in the natural world.[citation needed] There are two types of amensalism, competition and an... | When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it? | When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it? | [
"When a large tree takes the resources a young tree needs, what type of amensalism is it?"
] | {
"text": [
"competition"
],
"answer_start": [
302
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49787 | 56cd5ccc62d2951400fa6535 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | However, Lok-Ham Chan, a professor of history at the University of Washington, writes that Changchub Gyaltsen's aims were to recreate the old Tibetan Kingdom that existed during the Chinese Tang dynasty, to build "nationalist sentiment" amongst Tibetans, and to "remove all traces of Mongol suzerainty." Georges Dreyfus,... | What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at? | What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at? | [
"What university was Lok-Ham Chan a professor at?"
] | {
"text": [
"the University of Washington"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96568 | 57277938dd62a815002e9ddb | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | An early non-Christian reference to the crucifixion of Jesus is likely to be Mara Bar-Serapion's letter to his son, written sometime after AD 73 but before the 3rd century AD. The letter includes no Christian themes and the author is presumed to be a pagan. The letter refers to the retributions that followed the unjust... | What is the author of the letter assumed to be? | What is the author of the letter assumed to be? | [
"What is the author of the letter assumed to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"pagan"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70073 | 59d2a07b2763a6001828412e | Great_Plains | Much of the Great Plains became open range, or rangeland where cattle roamed free, hosting ranching operations where anyone was theoretically free to run cattle. In the spring and fall, ranchers held roundups where their cowboys branded new calves, treated animals and sorted the cattle for sale. Such ranching began in ... | How many cowboys did it take to herd 10 million cattle north? | How many cowboys did it take to herd 10 million cattle north? | [
"How many cowboys did it take to herd 10 million cattle north?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41910 | 5730a66b2461fd1900a9cf49 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Game players were not the only ones to notice the violence in this game; US Senators Herb Kohl and Joe Lieberman convened a Congressional hearing on December 9, 1993 to investigate the marketing of violent video games to children.[e] While Nintendo took the high ground with moderate success, the hearings led to the cre... | How did video game ratings affect Nintendo? | How did video game ratings affect Nintendo? | [
"How did video game ratings affect Nintendo?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nintendo decided its censorship policies were no longer needed"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12637 | 56df08cb3277331400b4d8e3 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form ... | What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee? | What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee? | [
"What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal [First name] [Surname]"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54729 | 570d12d8b3d812140066d3e3 | Macintosh | Two days after "1984" aired, the Macintosh went on sale, and came bundled with two applications designed to show off its interface: MacWrite and MacPaint. It was first demonstrated by Steve Jobs in the first of his famous Mac keynote speeches, and though the Mac garnered an immediate, enthusiastic following, some label... | What did Apple's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful? | What did Apple's "Lemmings" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful? | [
"What did Apple's \"Lemmings\" ad, which introduced Macintosh Office, do that made the ad unsuccessful?"
] | {
"text": [
"insulting its own potential customers"
],
"answer_start": [
1045
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8366 | 57267a295951b619008f73f0 | Thuringia | Mining was important in Thuringia since the later Middle Ages, especially within the mining towns of the Thuringian Forest such as Schmalkalden, Suhl and Ilmenau. Following the industrial revolution, the old iron, copper and silver mines declined because the competition from imported metal was too strong. On the other ... | What did the Thuringian miners do to help the Soviet Union? | What did the Thuringian miners do to help the Soviet Union? | [
"What did the Thuringian miners do to help the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"uranium mining was also important to cover the Soviet Union's need for this metal"
],
"answer_start": [
1030
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65513 | 5727c0464b864d1900163c7f | Detroit | On August 18, 1970, the NAACP filed suit against Michigan state officials, including Governor William Milliken, charging de facto public school segregation. The NAACP argued that although schools were not legally segregated, the city of Detroit and its surrounding counties had enacted policies to maintain racial segreg... | What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control? | What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control? | [
"What is the court case that ruled that schools were subject to local control?"
] | {
"text": [
"Milliken v. Bradley"
],
"answer_start": [
821
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80621 | 5726882b708984140094c913 | Data_compression | The world's first commercial broadcast automation audio compression system was developed by Oscar Bonello, an engineering professor at the University of Buenos Aires. In 1983, using the psychoacoustic principle of the masking of critical bands first published in 1967, he started developing a practical application based... | What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom? | What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom? | [
"What was launched in 1987 under the name Audicom?"
] | {
"text": [
"broadcast automation system"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9572 | 5725c74589a1e219009abe90 | Montevideo | Tourism accounts for much of Uruguay's economy. Tourism in Montevideo is centered in the Ciudad Vieja area, which includes the city's oldest buildings, several museums, art galleries, and nightclubs, with Sarandí Street and the Mercado del Puerto being the most frequented venues of the old city. On the edge of Ciudad V... | Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what? | Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what? | [
"Plaza Independencia constitutes one end of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"18 de Julio Avenue"
],
"answer_start": [
465
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64409 | 572846473acd2414000df84d | John_von_Neumann | Von Neumann entered government service (Manhattan Project) primarily because he felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism from Nazism, Fascism and Soviet Communism. During a Senate committee hearing he described his political ideology a... | Why did von Neumann join government work? | Why did von Neumann join government work? | [
"Why did von Neumann join government work?"
] | {
"text": [
"felt that, if freedom and civilization were to survive, it would have to be because the US would triumph over totalitarianism"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35337 | 5ad0ceb6645df0001a2d043f | Gothic_architecture | The pointed arch, one of the defining attributes of Gothic, was earlier incorporated into Islamic architecture following the Islamic conquests of Roman Syria and the Sassanid Empire in the Seventh Century. The pointed arch and its precursors had been employed in Late Roman and Sassanian architecture; within the Roman c... | What type of construction involved many twisted arches? | What type of construction involved many twisted arches? | [
"What type of construction involved many twisted arches?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76774 | 572ac228111d821400f38d2e | Philadelphia | The city also has a number of other, smaller newspapers and magazine in circulation such as the Philadelphia Tribune, which serves the African-American community, the Philadelphia, a monthly regional magazine; Philadelphia Weekly, an weekly-printed alternative newspaper; Philadelphia City Paper another weekly-printed n... | What paper serves the LGBT community? | What paper serves the LGBT community? | [
"What paper serves the LGBT community?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philadelphia Gay News"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101746 | 56d9e5f9dc89441400fdb8cf | Dog | The latest study using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to humans and dogs together proved that dogs have same response to voices and use the same parts of the brain as humans to do so. This gives dogs the ability to recognize emotional human sounds, making them friendly social pets to humans. | Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds? | Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds? | [
"Dogs have the ability to recognize what type of human sounds?"
] | {
"text": [
"emotional"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100086 | 5ace5ab232bba1001ae4a392 | Guam | In the 1980s and early 1990s, there was a significant movement in favor of the territory becoming a commonwealth, which would give it a level of self-government similar to Puerto Rico and the Northern Mariana Islands. However, the federal government rejected the version of a commonwealth that the government of Guam pro... | When did people in Guam start advocating for U.S. statehood? | When did people in Guam start advocating for U.S. statehood? | [
"When did people in Guam start advocating for U.S. statehood?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79168 | 56d135e0e7d4791d00902018 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Twilight Princess received the awards for Best Artistic Design, Best Original Score, and Best Use of Sound from IGN for its GameCube version. Both IGN and Nintendo Power gave Twilight Princess the awards for Best Graphics and Best Story. Twilight Princess received Game of the Year awards from GameTrailers, 1UP.com, Ele... | What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console? | What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console? | [
"What place did IGN give the game on the Wii console?"
] | {
"text": [
"4th"
],
"answer_start": [
777
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50159 | 5a82162231013a001a3351ba | Phonology | In addition to the minimal units that can serve the purpose of differentiating meaning (the phonemes), phonology studies how sounds alternate, i.e. replace one another in different forms of the same morpheme (allomorphs), as well as, for example, syllable structure, stress, feature geometry, accent, and intonation. | Aside from phonemes what is studies by geometry? | Aside from phonemes what is studies by geometry? | [
"Aside from phonemes what is studies by geometry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87022 | 5a8cc0ddfd22b3001a8d8e06 | Biodiversity | Less than 1% of all species that have been described have been studied beyond simply noting their existence. The vast majority of Earth's species are microbial. Contemporary biodiversity physics is "firmly fixated on the visible [macroscopic] world". For example, microbial life is metabolically and environmentally more... | What type of life is more environmentally diverse than extinction? | What type of life is more environmentally diverse than extinction? | [
"What type of life is more environmentally diverse than extinction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24769 | 56cf1ba9aab44d1400b88d8f | New_York_City | The character of New York's large residential districts is often defined by the elegant brownstone rowhouses and townhouses and shabby tenements that were built during a period of rapid expansion from 1870 to 1930. In contrast, New York City also has neighborhoods that are less densely populated and feature free-standi... | In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located? | In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located? | [
"In what borough is the Riverdale neighborhood located?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bronx"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40511 | 5ad69021191832001aa7b205 | Paper | Paper is often characterized by weight. In the United States, the weight assigned to a paper is the weight of a ream, 500 sheets, of varying "basic sizes", before the paper is cut into the size it is sold to end customers. For example, a ream of 20 lb, 8.5 in × 11 in (216 mm × 279 mm) paper weighs 5 pounds, because it ... | Paper rated at over 210lb is considered what type of stock? | Paper rated at over 210lb is considered what type of stock? | [
" Paper rated at over 210lb is considered what type of stock?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10047 | 57282b433acd2414000df609 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | Nasser also attempted to maintain oversight of the country's civil service to prevent it from inflating and consequently becoming a burden to the state. New laws provided workers with a minimum wage, profit shares, free education, free health care, reduced working hours, and encouragement to participate in management. ... | How did two of Nasser's top aids respond to the new measures? | How did two of Nasser's top aids respond to the new measures? | [
"How did two of Nasser's top aids respond to the new measures?"
] | {
"text": [
"submit their resignations in protest"
],
"answer_start": [
820
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69698 | 5730233fa23a5019007fce1d | Windows_8 | Relatively few changes were made from the Release Preview to the final version; these included updated versions of its pre-loaded apps, the renaming of Windows Explorer to File Explorer, the replacement of the Aero Glass theme from Windows Vista and 7 with a new flat and solid-colored theme, and the addition of new bac... | How are system improvements released through Windows 8? | How are system improvements released through Windows 8? | [
"How are system improvements released through Windows 8?"
] | {
"text": [
"through Windows Update"
],
"answer_start": [
814
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41643 | 56cec79caab44d1400b88a33 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Persistent heavy rain and landslides in Wenchuan County and the nearby area badly affected rescue efforts. At the start of rescue operations on May 12, 20 helicopters were deployed for the delivery of food, water, and emergency aid, and also the evacuation of the injured and reconnaissance of quake-stricken areas. By 1... | What natural disasters were occurring in Wenchuan County? | What natural disasters were occurring in Wenchuan County? | [
"What natural disasters were occurring in Wenchuan County?"
] | {
"text": [
"landslides"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43829 | 56cf6b6f4df3c31400b0d76b | Kanye_West | West's controversial incident the following year at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards was arguably his biggest controversy, and led to widespread outrage throughout the music industry. During the ceremony, West crashed the stage and grabbed the microphone from winner Taylor Swift in order to proclaim that, instead, Beyon... | Where did Kanye's famous mic-grab incident occur at? | Where did Kanye's famous mic-grab incident occur at? | [
"Where did Kanye's famous mic-grab incident occur at?"
] | {
"text": [
"2009 MTV Video Music Awards"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85286 | 5a7fc8148f0597001ac000be | Supreme_court | In South Africa, a "two apex" system existed from 1994 to 2013. The Supreme Court of Appeal (SCA) was created in 1994 and replaced the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of South Africa as the highest court of appeal in non-constitutional matters. The SCA is subordinate to the Constitutional Court, which is the hi... | What is the Constitutional Court subordinate to? | What is the Constitutional Court subordinate to? | [
"What is the Constitutional Court subordinate to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63218 | 5a7a50b117ab25001a8a04da | Czech_language | The verbs of most aspect pairs differ in one of two ways: by prefix or by suffix. In prefix pairs, the perfective verb has an added prefix—for example, the imperfective psát (to write, to be writing) compared with the perfective napsat (to write down, to finish writing). The most common prefixes are na-, o-, po-, s-, u... | In what two ways are perfective stems different? | In what two ways are perfective stems different? | [
"In what two ways are perfective stems different?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41585 | 56cec11faab44d1400b889c8 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | In the China Digital Times an article reports a close analysis by an alleged Chinese construction engineer known online as “Book Blade” (书剑子), who stated: | Who was the construction engineer known as? | Who was the construction engineer known as? | [
"Who was the construction engineer known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Book Blade"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7081 | 57314cbca5e9cc1400cdbe2c | Red | Red is the international color of stop signs and stop lights on highways and intersections. It was standarized as the international color at the Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals of 1968. It was chosen partly because red is the brightest color in daytime (next to orange), though it is less visible at twilight... | In what year did nations standardize on red as a color for stop lights? | In what year did nations standardize on red as a color for stop lights? | [
"In what year did nations standardize on red as a color for stop lights?"
] | {
"text": [
"1968"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55344 | 5a3177afe4dcb1001abb233a | Baptists | Shared doctrines would include beliefs about one God; the virgin birth; miracles; atonement for sins through the death, burial, and bodily resurrection of Jesus; the Trinity; the need for salvation (through belief in Jesus Christ as the son of God, his death and resurrection, and confession of Christ as Lord); grace; t... | What belief was not shared by doctrines? | What belief was not shared by doctrines? | [
"What belief was not shared by doctrines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106535 | 57261fdfec44d21400f3d936 | East_India_Company | Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to th... | Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean? | Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean? | [
"Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?"
] | {
"text": [
"Queen Elizabeth I"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2931 | 57302db9a23a5019007fcf1c | British_Isles | Anglo-Saxons arrived as Roman power waned in the 5th century AD. Initially, their arrival seems to have been at the invitation of the Britons as mercenaries to repulse incursions by the Hiberni and Picts. In time, Anglo-Saxon demands on the British became so great that they came to culturally dominate the bulk of south... | What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended? | What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended? | [
"What era did Ireland enter when the Roman Empire ended?"
] | {
"text": [
"golden age"
],
"answer_start": [
889
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80132 | 5a62701ef8d794001af1bfcb | Samoa | The country currency is the Samoan tālā, issued and regulated by the Central Bank of Samoa. The economy of Samoa has traditionally been dependent on agriculture and fishing at the local level. In modern times, development aid, private family remittances from overseas, and agricultural exports have become key factors in... | What percentage of Samoans are fishermen? | What percentage of Samoans are fishermen? | [
"What percentage of Samoans are fishermen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77685 | 57267d8ff1498d1400e8e18a | British_Empire | Britain's fears of war with Germany were realised in 1914 with the outbreak of the First World War. Britain quickly invaded and occupied most of Germany's overseas colonies in Africa. In the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand occupied German New Guinea and Samoa respectively. Plans for a post-war division of the Ottoma... | When did the First World War begin? | When did the First World War begin? | [
"When did the First World War begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1914"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113374 | 572ebaa3cb0c0d14000f14d5 | Vacuum | Medieval thought experiments into the idea of a vacuum considered whether a vacuum was present, if only for an instant, between two flat plates when they were rapidly separated. There was much discussion of whether the air moved in quickly enough as the plates were separated, or, as Walter Burley postulated, whether a ... | When did Buridan state that teams of ten horses could not open a bellow with a sealed port? | When did Buridan state that teams of ten horses could not open a bellow with a sealed port? | [
"When did Buridan state that teams of ten horses could not open a bellow with a sealed port?"
] | {
"text": [
"14th century"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26935 | 5a8cfb3efd22b3001a8d90bf | United_States_dollar | Under the Bretton Woods system established after World War II, the value of gold was fixed to $35 per ounce, and the value of the U.S. dollar was thus anchored to the value of gold. Rising government spending in the 1960s, however, led to doubts about the ability of the United States to maintain this convertibility, go... | What did banks and investors do that terminated the dollar? | What did banks and investors do that terminated the dollar? | [
"What did banks and investors do that terminated the dollar?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57335 | 572ffe9ea23a5019007fcc21 | Muslim_world | Advances were made in irrigation and farming, using new technology such as the windmill. Crops such as almonds and citrus fruit were brought to Europe through al-Andalus, and sugar cultivation was gradually adopted by the Europeans. Arab merchants dominated trade in the Indian Ocean until the arrival of the Portuguese ... | Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom? | Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom? | [
"Trading in the Indian ocean was mainly controlled by whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arab merchants"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102131 | 572936086aef051400154b7b | States_of_Germany | The municipalities have two major policy responsibilities. First, they administer programs authorized by the federal or state government. Such programs typically relate to youth, schools, public health, and social assistance. Second, Article 28(2) of the Basic Law guarantees the municipalities "the right to regulate on... | What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure? | What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure? | [
"What is one way municipalities develop the economic infrastructure?"
] | {
"text": [
"development"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100279 | 56e10245e3433e1400422a96 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | On 2 November 2006, China announced that from 2008 BeiDou would offer an open service with an accuracy of 10 meters, timing of 0.2 microseconds, and speed of 0.2 meters/second.[citation needed] | When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system? | When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system? | [
"When did China announce service plans for the BeiDou system?"
] | {
"text": [
"2 November 2006"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109393 | 5a11e57f6614be00188f2480 | Dutch_Republic | The Republic of the United Provinces lasted until a series of republican revolutions in 1783–1795 created the Batavian Republic. During this period, republican forces took several major cities of the Netherlands. After initially fleeing, the monarchist forces came back with British, Austrian, and Prussian troops and re... | What Republic replaced the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland? | What Republic replaced the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland? | [
"What Republic replaced the Napoleonic Kingdom of Holland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105294 | 5727f4004b864d190016408b | History_of_science | The first half of the 14th century saw much important scientific work being done, largely within the framework of scholastic commentaries on Aristotle's scientific writings. William of Ockham introduced the principle of parsimony: natural philosophers should not postulate unnecessary entities, so that motion is not a d... | What theory is based off of projectiles' motion? | What theory is based off of projectiles' motion? | [
"What theory is based off of projectiles' motion?"
] | {
"text": [
"impetus"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5743 | 5ad28c61d7d075001a429a04 | House_music | In the U.S., the music was being developed to create a more sophisticated sound,[citation needed] moving beyond just drum loops and short samples. In Chicago, Marshall Jefferson had formed the house group Ten City Byron Burke, Byron Stingily & Herb Lawson(from "intensity"). New York–based performers such as Mateo & Mat... | What group did Devin Saunderson form? | What group did Devin Saunderson form? | [
"What group did Devin Saunderson form?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68917 | 572f494104bcaa1900d7680f | Modern_history | The assertions of Chinese philosophy began to integrate concepts of Western philosophy, as steps toward modernization. By the time of the Xinhai Revolution in 1911, there were many calls, such as the May Fourth Movement, to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China. There were attempts to ... | What is the May Forth Movement? | What is the May Forth Movement? | [
"What is the May Forth Movement?"
] | {
"text": [
"to completely abolish the old imperial institutions and practices of China"
],
"answer_start": [
221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32885 | 5a32eacebd0d7f001aef9500 | Central_African_Republic | Michel Djotodia took over as president and in May 2013 Central African Republic's Prime Minister Nicolas Tiangaye requested a UN peacekeeping force from the UN Security Council and on 31 May former President Bozizé was indicted for crimes against humanity and incitement of genocide. The security situation did not impro... | How many peackeeping forces were displaced in 2013? | How many peackeeping forces were displaced in 2013? | [
"How many peackeeping forces were displaced in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69883 | 5ad49c1fba00c4001a268d90 | Windows_8 | Backup and Restore, the backup component of Windows, is deprecated. It still ships with Windows 8 and continues to work on preset schedules, but is pushed to the background and can only be accessed through a Control Panel applet called "Windows 7 File Recovery".:76 Shadow Copy, a component of Windows Explorer that once... | What backup element isn't still found on Windows 8? | What backup element isn't still found on Windows 8? | [
"What backup element isn't still found on Windows 8?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87249 | 570b24776b8089140040f787 | Videoconferencing | Some systems are capable of multipoint conferencing with no MCU, stand-alone, embedded or otherwise. These use a standards-based H.323 technique known as "decentralized multipoint", where each station in a multipoint call exchanges video and audio directly with the other stations with no central "manager" or other bott... | What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique? | What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique? | [
"What is one advantage of using an H.323 technique?"
] | {
"text": [
"higher quality"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35786 | 5a4857df84b8a4001a7e783c | Imperial_College_London | In 1988 Imperial merged with St Mary's Hospital Medical School, becoming The Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. In 1995 Imperial launched its own academic publishing house, Imperial College Press, in partnership with World Scientific. Imperial merged with the National Heart and Lung Institute in 1995... | What scool split into Imperial and and St Maries? | What scool split into Imperial and and St Maries? | [
"What scool split into Imperial and and St Maries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12686 | 56ddf25a9a695914005b9717 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Since 1962, the cardinal bishops have only a titular relationship with the suburbicarian sees, with no powers of governance over them. Each see has its own bishop, with the exception of Ostia, in which the Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator. | Who is in charge of Ostia? | Who is in charge of Ostia? | [
"Who is in charge of Ostia? "
] | {
"text": [
"Cardinal Vicar of the see of Rome is apostolic administrator."
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8648 | 56e09a4e7aa994140058e622 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On December 25, 1991, the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation. On December 26, 1991, the USSR was self-dissolved by the Soviet of Nationalities, which by that time was the only functioning house of the Supreme Soviet (the other house, Soviet of the Union, had already lost the quorum after recall of its memb... | On what date was the USSR dissolved? | On what date was the USSR dissolved? | [
"On what date was the USSR dissolved?"
] | {
"text": [
"December 26, 1991"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88909 | 570f55cf5ab6b81900390eef | Circadian_rhythm | The primary circadian "clock" in mammals is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (or nuclei) (SCN), a pair of distinct groups of cells located in the hypothalamus. Destruction of the SCN results in the complete absence of a regular sleep–wake rhythm. The SCN receives information about illumination through the eyes. T... | Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans? | Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans? | [
"Where is the primary circadian gene located in humans?"
] | {
"text": [
"suprachiasmatic nucleus"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105208 | 5726fb48dd62a815002e96d9 | History_of_science | In Hellenistic Egypt, the mathematician Euclid laid down the foundations of mathematical rigor and introduced the concepts of definition, axiom, theorem and proof still in use today in his Elements, considered the most influential textbook ever written. Archimedes, considered one of the greatest mathematicians of all t... | What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola? | What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola? | [
"What method did Archimedes employ to determine the area under a parabola?"
] | {
"text": [
"exhaustion"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68518 | 570ac8206d058f19001830e8 | Mesozoic | The lower (Triassic) boundary is set by the Permian–Triassic extinction event, during which approximately 90% to 96% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial vertebrates became extinct. It is also known as the "Great Dying" because it is considered the largest mass extinction in the Earth's history. The upper (Cretaceo... | How many terrestrial species died during the extinction? | How many terrestrial species died during the extinction? | [
"How many terrestrial species died during the extinction?"
] | {
"text": [
"70%"
],
"answer_start": [
139
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40773 | 59fc4121a9fb160018f10dea | Communication | Theories of coregulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information. Canadian media scholar Harold Innis had the theory that people use different types of media to communicate and which one they choose to use will offer different possibilities for... | Ancient Rome was the famous example of the theory of whom? | Ancient Rome was the famous example of the theory of whom? | [
"Ancient Rome was the famous example of the theory of whom?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46573 | 5ad0b1c4645df0001a2d007a | Department_store | The design and function of department stores in Germany followed the lead of London, Paris and New York. Germany used to have a number of department stores; nowadays only a few of them remain. Next to some smaller, independent department stores these are Karstadt (in 2010 taken over by Nicolas Berggruen, also operating... | What cities influenced how department stores in Austria operated? | What cities influenced how department stores in Austria operated? | [
"What cities influenced how department stores in Austria operated? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65445 | 5727266ff1498d1400e8f416 | Crimean_War | As the memory of the "Charge of the Light Brigade" demonstrates, the war became an iconic symbol of logistical, medical and tactical failures and mismanagement. Public opinion in the UK was outraged at the logistical and command failures of the war; the newspapers demanded drastic reforms, and parliamentary investigati... | Who demanded drastic reforms after the war? | Who demanded drastic reforms after the war? | [
"Who demanded drastic reforms after the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"the newspapers"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109738 | 5728fe6d3f37b31900477f45 | Samurai | Jidaigeki (literally historical drama) has always been a staple program on Japanese movies and television. The programs typically feature a samurai. Samurai films and westerns share a number of similarities and the two have influenced each other over the years. One of Japan’s most renowned directors, Akira Kurosawa, gr... | What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'? | What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'? | [
"What western was inspired by 'Seven Samurai'?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Magnificent Seven"
],
"answer_start": [
844
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50327 | 5acecb5432bba1001ae4b435 | Neptune | From its discovery in 1846 until the subsequent discovery of Pluto in 1930, Neptune was the farthest known planet. When Pluto was discovered it was considered a planet, and Neptune thus became the penultimate known planet, except for a 20-year period between 1979 and 1999 when Pluto's elliptical orbit brought it closer... | What body was not considered a planet when it was discovered? | What body was not considered a planet when it was discovered? | [
"What body was not considered a planet when it was discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73465 | 56d37eef59d6e4140014654b | American_Idol | Phillips became the winner, beating Sanchez. Prior to the announcement of the winner, season five finalist Ace Young proposed marriage to season three runner-up Diana DeGarmo on stage – which she accepted. | What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him? | What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him? | [
"What former contestant did Ace Young ask to marry him?"
] | {
"text": [
"Diana DeGarmo"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62898 | 5acd4cb207355d001abf3c60 | Pain | The experience of pain has many cultural dimensions. For instance, the way in which one experiences and responds to pain is related to sociocultural characteristics, such as gender, ethnicity, and age. An aging adult may not respond to pain in the way that a younger person would. Their ability to recognize pain may be ... | How many dimensions does the cultural experience of pain have? | How many dimensions does the cultural experience of pain have? | [
"How many dimensions does the cultural experience of pain have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3919 | 56d4d2f12ccc5a1400d8326d | Beyoncé | Beyoncé and husband Jay Z are friends with President Barack Obama and First Lady Michelle Obama. She performed "America the Beautiful" at the 2009 presidential inauguration, as well as "At Last" during the first inaugural dance at the Neighborhood Ball two days later. Beyoncé and Jay Z held a fundraiser at the latter's... | What song did Beyoncé perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas. | What song did Beyoncé perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas. | [
"What song did Beyoncé perform at the first inaugural dance for the Obamas."
] | {
"text": [
"At Last"
],
"answer_start": [
186
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105636 | 56e1c6d5cd28a01900c67b6d | Communications_in_Somalia | The Somali Telecommunication Association (STA), a watchdog organization that oversees the policy development and regulatory framework of Somalia's ICT sector, reported in 2006 that there were over half a million users of internet services within the territory. There were also 22 established ISPs and 234 cyber cafes, wi... | How many established ISP were within the territory in 2006? | How many established ISP were within the territory in 2006? | [
"How many established ISP were within the territory in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"22"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63818 | 5727ee4e2ca10214002d99f8 | USB | All current USB On-The-Go (OTG) devices are required to have one, and only one, USB connector: a micro-AB receptacle. Non-OTG compliant devices are not allowed to use the micro-AB receptacle, due to power supply shorting hazards on the VBUS line. The micro-AB receptacle is capable of accepting both micro-A and micro-B ... | Why are the Non-OTG compliant devices not allowed to use the micro-AB receptacle? | Why are the Non-OTG compliant devices not allowed to use the micro-AB receptacle? | [
"Why are the Non-OTG compliant devices not allowed to use the micro-AB receptacle?"
] | {
"text": [
"power supply shorting hazards on the VBUS line"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76067 | 5a4d45dd7a6c4c001a2bbc99 | Web_browser | This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to ... | What does the most common form of local file start with? | What does the most common form of local file start with? | [
"What does the most common form of local file start with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50818 | 572ea61f03f98919007568a4 | Seven_Years%27_War | The carefully coded word in the agreement proved no less catalytic for the other European powers. The results were absolute chaos. Empress Elizabeth of Russia was outraged at the duplicity of Britain's position. Not only that France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria, partic... | Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement? | Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement? | [
"Why was France mad at the British-Prussian agreement?"
] | {
"text": [
"France was so enraged, and terrified, by the sudden betrayal of its only ally. Austria,"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62548 | 5a7b885321c2de001afea108 | Software_testing | One advantage of the black box technique is that no programming knowledge is required. Whatever biases the programmers may have had, the tester likely has a different set and may emphasize different areas of functionality. On the other hand, black-box testing has been said to be "like a walk in a dark labyrinth without... | What knowledge is required for the black box technique? | What knowledge is required for the black box technique? | [
"What knowledge is required for the black box technique?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84243 | 56de2e1d4396321400ee263c | Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution | Executive power is vested, with exceptions and qualifications, in the President. By law (Section 2.) the president becomes the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, Militia of several states when called into service, has power to make treaties and appointments to office "with the Advice and Consent of the Senate," r... | Which branches of the national military does the U.S. president command? | Which branches of the national military does the U.S. president command? | [
"Which branches of the national military does the U.S. president command?"
] | {
"text": [
"Army and Navy"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20328 | 5729450a6aef051400154c32 | Glass | Glass was used extensively during the Middle Ages. Anglo-Saxon glass has been found across England during archaeological excavations of both settlement and cemetery sites. Glass in the Anglo-Saxon period was used in the manufacture of a range of objects including vessels, beads, windows and was also used in jewelry. Fr... | What did technological changes allow regular homes to have? | What did technological changes allow regular homes to have? | [
"What did technological changes allow regular homes to have?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger windows"
],
"answer_start": [
1201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16781 | 5725b26b69ff041400e58e26 | Israel | Israel (/ˈɪzreɪəl/ or /ˈɪzriːəl/; Hebrew: יִשְׂרָאֵל Yisrā'el; Arabic: إِسْرَائِيل Isrāʼīl), officially the State of Israel (Hebrew: מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el [mediˈnat jisʁaˈʔel] ( listen); Arabic: دولة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl [dawlat ʔisraːˈʔiːl]), is a sovereign state in Western Asia. The country i... | What is the official State of Israel? | What is the official State of Israel? | [
"What is the official State of Israel?"
] | {
"text": [
"Israel"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37589 | 5728294a2ca10214002d9f9b | London | The London Natural History Society suggest that London is "one of the World's Greenest Cities" with more than 40 percent green space or open water. They indicate that 2000 species of flowering plant have been found growing there and that the tidal Thames supports 120 species of fish. They also state that over 60 specie... | How many species of fish live in the River Thames? | How many species of fish live in the River Thames? | [
"How many species of fish live in the River Thames?"
] | {
"text": [
"120"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28482 | 5ad4de145b96ef001a10a4d0 | Steven_Spielberg | The Science Fiction Hall of Fame inducted Spielberg in 2005, the first year it considered non-literary contributors. In November 2007, he was chosen for a Lifetime Achievement Award to be presented at the sixth annual Visual Effects Society Awards in February 2009. He was set to be honored with the Cecil B. DeMille Awa... | Where was Spielberg awarded the Legion d'honneur? | Where was Spielberg awarded the Legion d'honneur? | [
"Where was Spielberg awarded the Legion d'honneur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79772 | 570623ba75f01819005e79e8 | MP3 | ASPEC was the joint proposal of AT&T Bell Laboratories, Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET. It provided the highest coding efficiency. | Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal? | Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal? | [
"Other than Thomson Consumer Electronics, Fraunhofer Society and CNET, who else was a part of the joint proposal?"
] | {
"text": [
"AT&T Bell Laboratories"
],
"answer_start": [
32
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3216 | 5a5958a83e1742001a15d08a | Genome | The proportion of repetitive DNA is calculated by using length of repetitive DNA divide by genome size. There are two categories of repetitive DNA in genome: tandem repeats and interspersed repeats. | What are two examples of genome size? | What are two examples of genome size? | [
"What are two examples of genome size?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12584 | 5ad2e52d604f3c001a3fd901 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In the year 1563 the influential Ecumenical Council of Trent, headed by Pope Pius IV, wrote about the importance of selecting good Cardinals. According to this historic council "nothing is more necessary to the Church of God than that the holy Roman pontiff apply that solicitude which by the duty of his office he owes ... | What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals? | What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals? | [
"What year did the Ecumenical Council of Trent headed by Pope Zacharius write about the importance of selecting good cardinals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44908 | 56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1162 | Gene | Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression. Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some e... | What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions? | What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions? | [
"What type of genes are necessary for performing basic cell functions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Housekeeping genes"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67130 | 572702dddd62a815002e979c | Nutrition | Plants uptake essential elements from the soil through their roots and from the air (consisting of mainly nitrogen and oxygen) through their leaves. Green plants obtain their carbohydrate supply from the carbon dioxide in the air by the process of photosynthesis. Carbon and oxygen are absorbed from the air, while other... | What is the process that plants undergo in order to obtain carbohydrates? | What is the process that plants undergo in order to obtain carbohydrates? | [
"What is the process that plants undergo in order to obtain carbohydrates?"
] | {
"text": [
"photosynthesis"
],
"answer_start": [
248
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26263 | 5726b119708984140094cdff | Edmund_Burke | Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as ... | Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee? | Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee? | [
"Who did Burke urge to send reinforcements to La Vendee?"
] | {
"text": [
"Henry Dundas"
],
"answer_start": [
375
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115506 | 56eab6970030b61400a3505d | Political_corruption | In the 1990s, initiatives were taken at an international level (in particular by the European Community, the Council of Europe, the OECD) to put a ban on corruption: in 1996, the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe, for instance, adopted a comprehensive Programme of Action against Corruption and, subsequent... | What did the Programme of Action issue? | What did the Programme of Action issue? | [
"What did the Programme of Action issue?"
] | {
"text": [
"a series of anti-corruption standard-setting instruments"
],
"answer_start": [
331
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111703 | 572ba77b34ae481900deaec8 | Education | Universal Primary Education is one of the eight international Millennium Development Goals, towards which progress has been made in the past decade, though barriers still remain. Securing charitable funding from prospective donors is one particularly persistent problem. Researchers at the Overseas Development Institute... | What is one issue that hurts Universal Primary Education? | What is one issue that hurts Universal Primary Education? | [
"What is one issue that hurts Universal Primary Education?"
] | {
"text": [
"charitable funding"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17622 | 56cdda5762d2951400fa6904 | Spectre_(2015_film) | The main cast was revealed in December 2014 at the 007 Stage at Pinewood Studios. Daniel Craig returned for his fourth appearance as James Bond, while Ralph Fiennes, Naomie Harris and Ben Whishaw reprised their roles as M, Eve Moneypenny and Q respectively, having been established in Skyfall. Rory Kinnear also reprised... | Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner? | Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner? | [
"Which actor portrayed Bill Tanner?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rory Kinnear"
],
"answer_start": [
294
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43423 | 5726833add62a815002e87d2 | Korean_War | In April 1950, Stalin gave Kim permission to invade the South under the condition that Mao would agree to send reinforcements if they became needed. Stalin made it clear that Soviet forces would not openly engage in combat, to avoid a direct war with the Americans. Kim met with Mao in May 1950. Mao was concerned that t... | What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion? | What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion? | [
"What concern did Mao have about the South Korean invasion?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Americans would intervene"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36324 | 5ace925332bba1001ae4aa6f | Printed_circuit_board | Surface-mount technology emerged in the 1960s, gained momentum in the early 1980s and became widely used by the mid-1990s. Components were mechanically redesigned to have small metal tabs or end caps that could be soldered directly onto the PCB surface, instead of wire leads to pass through holes. Components became muc... | What are more expensive than SMD equivalents? | What are more expensive than SMD equivalents? | [
"What are more expensive than SMD equivalents?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63941 | 5728247c4b864d1900164575 | Annelid | Although many species can reproduce asexually and use similar mechanisms to regenerate after severe injuries, sexual reproduction is the normal method in species whose reproduction has been studied. The minority of living polychaetes whose reproduction and lifecycles are known produce trochophore larvae, that live as p... | What can asexual reproduction techniques help annelids do? | What can asexual reproduction techniques help annelids do? | [
"What can asexual reproduction techniques help annelids do?"
] | {
"text": [
"regenerate after severe injuries"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74191 | 5acfb0eb77cf76001a6858ba | Architecture | When modern architecture was first practiced, it was an avant-garde movement with moral, philosophical, and aesthetic underpinnings. Immediately after World War I, pioneering modernist architects sought to develop a completely new style appropriate for a new post-war social and economic order, focused on meeting the ne... | Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of? | Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of? | [
" Who was the old movement meant to suit the needs of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59927 | 5acfc08277cf76001a685ca2 | Zhejiang | There are over three thousand islands along the rugged coastline of Zhejiang. The largest, Zhoushan Island, is Mainland China's third largest island, after Hainan and Chongming. There are also many bays, of which Hangzhou Bay is the largest. Zhejiang has a humid subtropical climate with four distinct seasons. Spring s... | How many seasons does Zhejiang never have? | How many seasons does Zhejiang never have? | [
" How many seasons does Zhejiang never have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88604 | 56db6ae2e7c41114004b50bf | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Vietnam: The event was held in Ho Chi Minh City on April 29. Some 60 torchbearers carried the torch from the downtown Opera House to the Military Zone 7 Competition Hall stadium near Tan Son Nhat International Airport along an undisclosed route. Vietnam is involved in a territorial dispute with China (and other countr... | The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area? | The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area? | [
"The Chinese government established what city in this disputed area?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sansha"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19664 | 5ad6012e5b96ef001a10b018 | Comprehensive_school | Scotland has a very different educational system from England and Wales, though also based on comprehensive education. It has different ages of transfer, different examinations and a different philosophy of choice and provision. All publicly funded primary and secondary schools are comprehensive. The Scottish Governmen... | All private primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type? | All private primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type? | [
"All private primary and secondary schools in Scotland are of what type?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35771 | 5a4842d584b8a4001a7e7820 | Imperial_College_London | In 1907, the newly established Board of Education found that greater capacity for higher technical education was needed and a proposal to merge the City and Guilds College, the Royal School of Mines and the Royal College of Science was approved and passed, creating The Imperial College of Science and Technology as a co... | What schools were formed from the Imperial College of Science? | What schools were formed from the Imperial College of Science? | [
"What schools were formed from the Imperial College of Science?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105650 | 5a551746134fea001a0e190a | Communications_in_Somalia | As of 2009, dial up, wireless and satellite services were available. Dial up internet services in Somalia were among the fastest growing on the continent, with an annual landline growth rate of over 12.5%. The increase in usage was largely due to innovative policy initiatives adopted by the various Somali telecom opera... | Which Somali telecom operators designed the policies responsible for dial up's growth? | Which Somali telecom operators designed the policies responsible for dial up's growth? | [
"Which Somali telecom operators designed the policies responsible for dial up's growth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112260 | 57292674af94a219006aa110 | Race_(human_categorization) | The theory that race is merely a social construct has been challenged by the findings of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics as "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies". One of the ... | What is a problematic category in addition to race? | What is a problematic category in addition to race? | [
"What is a problematic category in addition to race?"
] | {
"text": [
"sex"
],
"answer_start": [
636
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42407 | 5728e27c3acd2414000e0113 | Karl_Popper | In a book called Science Versus Crime, Houck writes that Popper's falsificationism can be questioned logically: it is not clear how Popper would deal with a statement like "for every metal, there is a temperature at which it will melt." The hypothesis cannot be falsified by any possible observation, for there will alwa... | Who wrote the book Science Versus Crime which challenged the logic of falsificationism? | Who wrote the book Science Versus Crime which challenged the logic of falsificationism? | [
"Who wrote the book Science Versus Crime which challenged the logic of falsificationism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Houck"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79536 | 5ad00aa277cf76001a6867ea | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the threat, when a snake str... | What known document tells the birth of Oleg? | What known document tells the birth of Oleg? | [
"What known document tells the birth of Oleg?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43978 | 56cf7d414df3c31400b0d849 | Kanye_West | Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, "George Bush doesn't care about black people." At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment re... | What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement? | What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement? | [
"What happened after Kanye made his controversial statement?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52135 | 572a776bfed8de19000d5c47 | Miami | In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up unt... | What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami? | What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami? | [
"What was the largest ethnic group in 1970 Miami?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hispanic"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6474 | 57281e1d4b864d19001644d0 | PlayStation_3 | At its press conference at the 2007 Tokyo Game Show, Sony announced DualShock 3 (trademarked DUALSHOCK 3), a PlayStation 3 controller with the same function and design as Sixaxis, but with vibration capability included. Hands-on accounts describe the controller as being noticeably heavier than the standard Sixaxis cont... | On what date was the DualShock three released in Australia? | On what date was the DualShock three released in Australia? | [
"On what date was the DualShock three released in Australia?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 24, 2008"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52645 | 572974216aef051400154f16 | Planck_constant | The Faraday constant F is the charge of one mole of electrons, equal to the Avogadro constant NA multiplied by the elementary charge e. It can be determined by careful electrolysis experiments, measuring the amount of silver dissolved from an electrode in a given time and for a given electric current. In practice, it i... | How does the Faraday constant relate to the Planck constant? | How does the Faraday constant relate to the Planck constant? | [
"How does the Faraday constant relate to the Planck constant?"
] | {
"text": [
"Substituting the definitions of NA and e, and converting from conventional electrical units to SI units, gives the relation to the Planck constant."
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105276 | 5727ee784b864d1900164045 | History_of_science | In astronomy, Al-Battani improved the measurements of Hipparchus, preserved in the translation of Ptolemy's Hè Megalè Syntaxis (The great treatise) translated as Almagest. Al-Battani also improved the precision of the measurement of the precession of the Earth's axis. The corrections made to the geocentric model by al-... | What does He Megale Syntaxis mean? | What does He Megale Syntaxis mean? | [
"What does He Megale Syntaxis mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"The great treatise"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40693 | 57096466ed30961900e84076 | Communication | Communication is usually described along a few major dimensions: Message (what type of things are communicated), source / emisor / sender / encoder (by whom), form (in which form), channel (through which medium), destination / receiver / target / decoder (to whom), and Receiver. Wilbur Schram (1954) also indicated that... | What is one target of communication? | What is one target of communication? | [
"What is one target of communication?"
] | {
"text": [
"another person or being"
],
"answer_start": [
823
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50838 | 572ead8003f9891900756920 | Seven_Years%27_War | The British—by inclination as well as for practical reasons—had tended to avoid large-scale commitments of troops on the Continent. They sought to offset the disadvantage of this in Europe by allying themselves with one or more Continental powers whose interests were antithetical to those of their enemies, particularly... | Identify an advantage that Britain had during the Seven Year's War. | Identify an advantage that Britain had during the Seven Year's War. | [
"Identify an advantage that Britain had during the Seven Year's War."
] | {
"text": [
"Britain could turn London's enormous financial power to military advantage"
],
"answer_start": [
384
]
} |
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