gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-20077 | 5733a70c4776f41900660f65 | University_of_Notre_Dame | All of Notre Dame's undergraduate students are a part of one of the five undergraduate colleges at the school or are in the First Year of Studies program. The First Year of Studies program was established in 1962 to guide incoming freshmen in their first year at the school before they have declared a major. Each studen... | Which organization declared the First Year of Studies program at Notre Dame "outstanding?" | Which organization declared the First Year of Studies program at Notre Dame "outstanding?" | [
"Which organization declared the First Year of Studies program at Notre Dame \"outstanding?\""
] | {
"text": [
"U.S. News & World Report"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44909 | 56f8e01d9b226e1400dd1163 | Gene | Housekeeping genes are critical for carrying out basic cell functions and so are expressed at a relatively constant level (constitutively). Since their expression is constant, housekeeping genes are used as experimental controls when analysing gene expression. Not all essential genes are housekeeping genes since some e... | At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at? | At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at? | [
"At what relative level are housekeeping genes expressed at?"
] | {
"text": [
"constant"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97112 | 56cf5bfcaab44d1400b89113 | Frédéric_Chopin | Fryderyk's father, Nicolas Chopin, was a Frenchman from Lorraine who had emigrated to Poland in 1787 at the age of sixteen. Nicolas tutored children of the Polish aristocracy, and in 1806 married Justyna Krzyżanowska, a poor relative of the Skarbeks, one of the families for whom he worked. Fryderyk was baptized on East... | Chopin's father married who? | Chopin's father married who? | [
"Chopin's father married who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Justyna Krzyżanowska"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56323 | 5a458afa19a820001a1edaa4 | Nonprofit_organization | Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons. Most rely on external funding (government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations) to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the ... | What are some things that affect government funds and grants? | What are some things that affect government funds and grants? | [
"What are some things that affect government funds and grants?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65970 | 571a1ecc10f8ca1400304efd | Seattle | There are other annual events, ranging from the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show; an anime convention, Sakura-Con; Penny Arcade Expo, a gaming convention; a two-day, 9,000-rider Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, and specialized film festivals, such as the Maelstrom International Fantastic Film Festival... | How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic? | How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic? | [
"How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic?"
] | {
"text": [
"9,000"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39432 | 572733abf1498d1400e8f485 | FA_Cup | In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Ch... | Who won the first and second cups? | Who won the first and second cups? | [
"Who won the first and second cups? "
] | {
"text": [
"Wanderers were crowned the winners"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4279 | 56bfe7eaa10cfb140055138a | Beyoncé | After Hurricane Katrina in 2005, Beyoncé and Rowland founded the Survivor Foundation to provide transitional housing for victims in the Houston area, to which Beyoncé contributed an initial $250,000. The foundation has since expanded to work with other charities in the city, and also provided relief following Hurricane... | How has this foundation changed in recent years? | How has this foundation changed in recent years? | [
"How has this foundation changed in recent years?"
] | {
"text": [
"expanded to work with other charities"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20703 | 56cfd66d234ae51400d9bf6f | IPod | On August 24, 2006, Apple and Creative announced a broad settlement to end their legal disputes. Apple will pay Creative US$100 million for a paid-up license, to use Creative's awarded patent in all Apple products. As part of the agreement, Apple will recoup part of its payment, if Creative is successful in licensing t... | How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit? | How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit? | [
"How much did Apple pay to Creative Technologies to settle their 2006 suit?"
] | {
"text": [
"$100 million"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61341 | 5a3ad94f3ff257001ab842c0 | Flowering_plant | Flower ontogeny uses a combination of genes normally responsible for forming new shoots. The most primitive flowers probably had a variable number of flower parts, often separate from (but in contact with) each other. The flowers tended to grow in a spiral pattern, to be bisexual (in plants, this means both male and fe... | During flower ontogeny, what was a plant of a specific sex called? | During flower ontogeny, what was a plant of a specific sex called? | [
"During flower ontogeny, what was a plant of a specific sex called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21755 | 5acd6dd107355d001abf41b9 | Aircraft_carrier | A fleet carrier is intended to operate with the main fleet and usually provides an offensive capability. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds. By comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried. Most... | What capability does a fleet carrier not offer? | What capability does a fleet carrier not offer? | [
"What capability does a fleet carrier not offer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114290 | 5726a1b75951b619008f7850 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | In 2003 the paper was accused of racism by the Government over its criticisms of what it perceived as the "open door" policy on immigration. The attacks came from the Prime Minister's press spokesman Alastair Campbell and the Home Secretary David Blunkett (later a Sun columnist). The paper rebutted the claim, believing... | From which issue did claims that The Sun was racist stem? | From which issue did claims that The Sun was racist stem? | [
"From which issue did claims that The Sun was racist stem?"
] | {
"text": [
"immigration"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30450 | 5ace137d32bba1001ae49a58 | Appalachian_Mountains | The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss] The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre... | What is the height in feet of the lowest group of mountains? | What is the height in feet of the lowest group of mountains? | [
"What is the height in feet of the lowest group of mountains?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64772 | 573417154776f41900661849 | Portugal | The Statistics Portugal (Portuguese: INE - Instituto Nacional de Estatística) estimates that, according to the 2011 census, the population was 10,562,178 (of which 52% was female, 48% was male). This population has been relatively homogeneous for most of its history: a single religion (Catholicism) and a single languag... | What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as? | What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as? | [
"What were the Moors who converted to Catholicism known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mouriscos"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55047 | 5a396a1b2f14dd001ac722ff | Everton_F.C. | In May 2013, the club launched a new crest to improve the reproducibility of the design in print and broadcast media, particularly on a small scale. Critics[who?] suggested that it was external pressure from sports manufacturers Nike, Inc. that evoked the redesign as the number of colours has been reduced and the radia... | What was the approval rating of the original Everton crest? | What was the approval rating of the original Everton crest? | [
"What was the approval rating of the original Everton crest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65433 | 572722e65951b619008f865a | Crimean_War | This view of 'diplomatic drift' as the cause of the war was first popularised by A. W, Kinglake, who portrayed the British as victims of newspaper sensationalism and duplicitous French and Ottoman diplomacy. More recently, the historians Andrew Lambert and Winfried Baumgart have argued that, first, Britain was followin... | What did A.W Kinglake make the British out to be? | What did A.W Kinglake make the British out to be? | [
"What did A.W Kinglake make the British out to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"as victims"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17270 | 570e437d0dc6ce1900204eef | Uranium | The discovery of the element is credited to the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth. While he was working in his experimental laboratory in Berlin in 1789, Klaproth was able to precipitate a yellow compound (likely sodium diuranate) by dissolving pitchblende in nitric acid and neutralizing the solution with sodium ... | Who discovered the planet Uranus? | Who discovered the planet Uranus? | [
"Who discovered the planet Uranus?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Herschel"
],
"answer_start": [
733
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43699 | 56d0f35817492d1400aab694 | Kanye_West | Kanye Omari West (/ˈkɑːnjeɪ/; born June 8, 1977) is an American hip hop recording artist, record producer, rapper, fashion designer, and entrepreneur. He is among the most acclaimed musicians of the 21st century, attracting both praise and controversy for his work and his outspoken public persona. | What is Kanye West's middle name? | What is Kanye West's middle name? | [
"What is Kanye West's middle name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Omari"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76401 | 573368a6d058e614000b5a6e | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | There are as many as 22 public beaches (most beaches on St Barthélémy are known as "Anse de..." etc. ) of which 15 are considered suitable for swimming. They are categorized and divided into two groups, the leeward side (calm waters protected by the island itself) and windward side (some of which are protected by hills... | What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds? | What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds? | [
"What is the portion of the island called that is open to the storms and high sea winds?"
] | {
"text": [
"windward"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66330 | 572826ce2ca10214002d9f40 | Brigham_Young_University | Brigham Young University's origin can be traced back to 1862 when a man named Warren Dusenberry started a Provo school in a prominent adobe building called Cluff Hall, which was located in the northeast corner of 200 East and 200 North. On October 16, 1875, Brigham Young, then president of the LDS Church, personally pu... | What year can BYU's origin be traced to with a building called Cluff Hall? | What year can BYU's origin be traced to with a building called Cluff Hall? | [
"What year can BYU's origin be traced to with a building called Cluff Hall?"
] | {
"text": [
"1862"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109823 | 570feffa80d9841400ab3742 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Capital punishment was suspended in the United States from 1972 through 1976 primarily as a result of the Supreme Court's decision in Furman v. Georgia. The last pre-Furman execution was that of Luis Monge on June 2, 1967. In this case, the court found that the death penalty was being imposed in an unconstitutional man... | What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended? | What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended? | [
"What Supreme Court case resulted in capital punishment being suspended?"
] | {
"text": [
"Furman v. Georgia"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73856 | 5ad570205b96ef001a10aecc | Warsaw_Pact | One of the founding members, East Germany was allowed to re-arm by the Soviet Union and the National People's Army was established as the armed forces of the country to counter the rearmament of West Germany. | Which country was banned from rearming? | Which country was banned from rearming? | [
"Which country was banned from rearming?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95180 | 56df890b38dc421700152018 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | By 1874, Bell's initial work on the harmonic telegraph had entered a formative stage, with progress made both at his new Boston "laboratory" (a rented facility) and at his family home in Canada a big success.[N 14] While working that summer in Brantford, Bell experimented with a "phonautograph", a pen-like machine that... | On what material did the phonautograph operate? | On what material did the phonautograph operate? | [
"On what material did the phonautograph operate?"
] | {
"text": [
"smoked glass"
],
"answer_start": [
357
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6018 | 5ad0212077cf76001a686b04 | Late_Middle_Ages | Around 1300–1350 the Medieval Warm Period gave way to the Little Ice Age. The colder climate resulted in agricultural crises, the first of which is known as the Great Famine of 1315-1317. The demographic consequences of this famine, however, were not as severe as the plagues that occurred later in the century, particul... | What wasn't the effect of the Little Ice Age? | What wasn't the effect of the Little Ice Age? | [
"What wasn't the effect of the Little Ice Age?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22491 | 570969eaed30961900e840d0 | Himachal_Pradesh | Though situated in a remote part of the country, Himachal Pradesh has an active community of journalists and publishers. Several newspapers and magazines are published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states. Radio and TV have permeated significantly. Judging by the nu... | What is available in Shimla and district headquarters? | What is available in Shimla and district headquarters? | [
"What is available in Shimla and district headquarters?"
] | {
"text": [
"All major English daily newspapers"
],
"answer_start": [
418
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50024 | 56fc316300a8df19004037ea | Phonology | The Polish scholar Jan Baudouin de Courtenay (together with his former student Mikołaj Kruszewski) introduced the concept of the phoneme in 1876, and his work, though often unacknowledged, is considered to be the starting point of modern phonology. He also worked on the theory of phonetic alternations (what is now call... | When was the phoneme as a concept introduced? | When was the phoneme as a concept introduced? | [
"When was the phoneme as a concept introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"1876"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48271 | 56fa317bf34c681400b0c004 | Wood | Wide-ringed wood is often called "second-growth", because the growth of the young timber in open stands after the old trees have been removed is more rapid than in trees in a closed forest, and in the manufacture of articles where strength is an important consideration such "second-growth" hardwood material is preferre... | What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes? | What specific kind of "second-growth" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes? | [
"What specific kind of \"second-growth\" hardwood is often used to make handles and spokes? "
] | {
"text": [
"hickory"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11571 | 56f9f848f34c681400b0bf0e | Somalis | Somalis (Somali: Soomaali, Arabic: صومال) are an ethnic group inhabiting the Horn of Africa (Somali Peninsula). The overwhelming majority of Somalis speak the Somali language, which is part of the Cushitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic family. They are predominantly Sunni Muslim. Ethnic Somalis number around 16-20 millio... | How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia? | How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia? | [
"How many people of Somali ethnicity live in Somalia?"
] | {
"text": [
"12.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86637 | 56e748ba00c9c71400d76f40 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | RIBA is based at 66 Portland Place, London—a 1930s Grade II* listed building designed by architect George Grey Wornum with sculptures by Edward Bainbridge Copnall and James Woodford. Parts of the London building are open to the public, including the Library. It has a large architectural bookshop, a café, restaurant and... | Who designed RIBA's headquarters? | Who designed RIBA's headquarters? | [
"Who designed RIBA's headquarters?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Grey Wornum"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65966 | 571a1d794faf5e1900b8a8ab | Seattle | The Henry Art Gallery opened in 1927, the first public art museum in Washington. The Seattle Art Museum (SAM) opened in 1933; SAM opened a museum downtown in 1991 (expanded and reopened 2007); since 1991, the 1933 building has been SAM's Seattle Asian Art Museum (SAAM). SAM also operates the Olympic Sculpture Park (ope... | Besides the museums, what other art offering does SAM operate? | Besides the museums, what other art offering does SAM operate? | [
"Besides the museums, what other art offering does SAM operate?"
] | {
"text": [
"Olympic Sculpture Park"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101729 | 56d9cadedc89441400fdb82e | Dog | There are a vast range of commodity forms available to transform a pet dog into an ideal companion. The list of goods, services and places available is enormous: from dog perfumes, couture, furniture and housing, to dog groomers, therapists, trainers and caretakers, dog cafes, spas, parks and beaches, and dog hotels, a... | What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping? | What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping? | [
"What has become important to ensure dogs do not do things that humans don't want them to do, such as jumping?"
] | {
"text": [
"training"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45995 | 57323dbf0fdd8d15006c6874 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Russell moved the Watch Tower Society's headquarters to Brooklyn, New York, in 1909, combining printing and corporate offices with a house of worship; volunteers were housed in a nearby residence he named Bethel. He identified the religious movement as "Bible Students," and more formally as the International Bible Stud... | How many people worldwide were associated with Russell's movement by 1910? | How many people worldwide were associated with Russell's movement by 1910? | [
"How many people worldwide were associated with Russell's movement by 1910?"
] | {
"text": [
"about 50,000 people"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112366 | 57293db73f37b3190047817f | Race_(human_categorization) | Other researchers point out that finding a difference in disease prevalence between two socially defined groups does not necessarily imply genetic causation of the difference. They suggest that medical practices should maintain their focus on the individual rather than an individual's membership to any group. They argu... | What have some studies found patients reluctant to accept in medical practice? | What have some studies found patients reluctant to accept in medical practice? | [
"What have some studies found patients reluctant to accept in medical practice?"
] | {
"text": [
"racial categorization"
],
"answer_start": [
779
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62834 | 572f8609a23a5019007fc6df | Pain | The pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain evoked by the ... | How do first order neurons enter the spinal cord? | How do first order neurons enter the spinal cord? | [
"How do first order neurons enter the spinal cord?"
] | {
"text": [
"via Lissauer's tract"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6499 | 572821842ca10214002d9e97 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3 console protects certain types of data and uses digital rights management to limit the data's use. Purchased games and content from the PlayStation Network store are governed by PlayStation's Network Digital Rights Management (NDRM). The NDRM allows users to access the data from up to 2 different PlayStat... | How many different PS3s can one user access? | How many different PS3s can one user access? | [
"How many different PS3s can one user access?"
] | {
"text": [
"2"
],
"answer_start": [
300
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11092 | 5ad2ec9c604f3c001a3fd9cd | Anthropology | Political economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology, including, but not limited to, non-capitalist societies. Political Economy introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of so... | What field of study removes Historical Materialism from the traditional concernsw of anthropology? | What field of study removes Historical Materialism from the traditional concernsw of anthropology? | [
"What field of study removes Historical Materialism from the traditional concernsw of anthropology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113053 | 570da297df2f5219002ed085 | Adolescence | Given the potential consequences, engaging in sexual behavior is somewhat risky, particularly for adolescents. Having unprotected sex, using poor birth control methods (e.g. withdrawal), having multiple sexual partners, and poor communication are some aspects of sexual behavior that increase individual and/or social ri... | Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk? | Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk? | [
"Does having unprotected sex, multiple sexual partners, and poor communication increase or decrease individual and social risk?"
] | {
"text": [
"increase"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88955 | 56df47ad8bc80c19004e49eb | Hunter-gatherer | Only a few contemporary societies are classified as hunter-gatherers, and many supplement their foraging activity with horticulture and/or keeping animals. | How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there? | How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there? | [
"How many groups of modern hunter-gatherers are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"Only a few"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1551 | 573174c3e6313a140071cf50 | Mosaic | Sometimes not only church interiors but façades were also decorated with mosaics in Italy like in the case of the St Mark's Basilica in Venice (mainly from the 17th–19th centuries, but the oldest one from 1270–75, "The burial of St Mark in the first basilica"), the Cathedral of Orvieto (golden Gothic mosaics from the 1... | The Cathedral of Spoleto is signed by who? | The Cathedral of Spoleto is signed by who? | [
"The Cathedral of Spoleto is signed by who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Solsternus"
],
"answer_start": [
674
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81255 | 5ad17097645df0001a2d1b92 | Queen_Victoria | Though queen, as an unmarried young woman Victoria was required by social convention to live with her mother, despite their differences over the Kensington System and her mother's continued reliance on Conroy. Her mother was consigned to a remote apartment in Buckingham Palace, and Victoria often refused to see her. Wh... | Where was Victorias mother assigned to die? | Where was Victorias mother assigned to die? | [
"Where was Victorias mother assigned to die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17229 | 570e39580b85d914000d7da2 | Uranium | On 2 December 1942, as part of the Manhattan Project, another team led by Enrico Fermi was able to initiate the first artificial self-sustained nuclear chain reaction, Chicago Pile-1. Working in a lab below the stands of Stagg Field at the University of Chicago, the team created the conditions needed for such a reactio... | On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created? | On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created? | [
"On the campus of what educational institution was Chicago Pile-1 created?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Chicago"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84747 | 5730256db2c2fd1400568963 | San_Diego | The city is governed by a mayor and a 9-member city council. In 2006, the city's form of government changed from a council–manager government to a strong mayor government. The change was brought about by a citywide vote in 2004. The mayor is in effect the chief executive officer of the city, while the council is the le... | In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government? | In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government? | [
"In what year did the city vote to change to a strong mayor government?"
] | {
"text": [
"2004"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-774 | 56df72255ca0a614008f9a6c | Plymouth | Plymouth has about 150 churches and its Roman Catholic cathedral (1858) is in Stonehouse. The city's oldest church is St Andrew's (Anglican) located at the top of Royal Parade—it is the largest parish church in Devon and has been a site of gathering since AD 800. The city also includes five Baptist churches, over twent... | In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built? | In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built? | [
"In what year was Plymouth's Catholic cathedral built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1858"
],
"answer_start": [
66
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43982 | 56cf7e194df3c31400b0d851 | Kanye_West | In September 2013, West was widely rebuked by human rights groups for performing in Kazakhstan at the wedding of authoritarian President Nursultan Nazarbayev's grandson. He traveled to Kazakhstan, which has one of the poorest human rights records in the world, as a personal guest of Nazarbayev. Other notable Western pe... | Kanye was criticized by human rights groups for performing in what country? | Kanye was criticized by human rights groups for performing in what country? | [
"Kanye was criticized by human rights groups for performing in what country?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kazakhstan"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84638 | 573012fab2c2fd140056880a | San_Diego | As of the Census of 2010, there were 1,307,402 people living in the city of San Diego. That represents a population increase of just under 7% from the 1,223,400 people, 450,691 households, and 271,315 families reported in 2000. The estimated city population in 2009 was 1,306,300. The population density was 3,771.9 peop... | What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009? | What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009? | [
"What ethnicity made up 15.9.% of San Diego's population in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Asian"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3911 | 56d4d2232ccc5a1400d83266 | Beyoncé | On January 7, 2012, Beyoncé gave birth to a daughter, Blue Ivy Carter, at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York under heavy security. Two days later, Jay Z released "Glory", a song dedicated to their child, on his website Lifeandtimes.com. The song detailed the couple's pregnancy struggles, including a miscarriage Beyoncé su... | How was Blue Ivy credited on Glory? | How was Blue Ivy credited on Glory? | [
"How was Blue Ivy credited on Glory?"
] | {
"text": [
"B.I.C."
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34511 | 56f8b40b9e9bad19000a0360 | Southampton | The city is home to the longest surviving stretch of medieval walls in England, as well as a number of museums such as Tudor House Museum, reopened on 30 July 2011 after undergoing extensive restoration and improvement; Southampton Maritime Museum; God's House Tower, an archaeology museum about the city's heritage and ... | What's the name of the museum located in one of Southampton's tower walls? | What's the name of the museum located in one of Southampton's tower walls? | [
"What's the name of the museum located in one of Southampton's tower walls?"
] | {
"text": [
"God's House Tower"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21932 | 5acd60a507355d001abf3fc6 | Aircraft_carrier | There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft t... | What is the definition of an "warcraft carrier"? | What is the definition of an "warcraft carrier"? | [
"What is the definition of an \"warcraft carrier\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3826 | 56d4c6b02ccc5a1400d83225 | Beyoncé | In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The ... | What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration? | What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration? | [
"What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration? "
] | {
"text": [
"Super Bowl XLVII halftime show"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92529 | 573112da05b4da19006bcd45 | United_States_Air_Force | Officers may be commissioned upon graduation from the United States Air Force Academy, upon graduation from another college or university through the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) program, or through the Air Force Officer Training School (OTS). OTS, previously located at Lackland AFB, Texas until 19... | What is another program that allows officers to become commissioned in the USAF? | What is another program that allows officers to become commissioned in the USAF? | [
"What is another program that allows officers to become commissioned in the USAF?"
] | {
"text": [
"Air Force Officer Training School"
],
"answer_start": [
224
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94997 | 5710ee7ea58dae1900cd6b56 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Bertrand Russell saw the Enlightenment as a phase in a progressive development, which began in antiquity, and that reason and challenges to the established order were constant ideals throughout that time. Russell said that the Enlightenment was ultimately born out of the Protestant reaction against the Catholic counter... | Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment? | Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment? | [
"Who does Betrand Russell started the schism that lead to the Enlightenment?"
] | {
"text": [
"Martin Luther"
],
"answer_start": [
704
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97835 | 57327f3657eb1f1400fd2d3b | Humanism | After 1517, when the new invention of printing made these texts widely available, the Dutch humanist Erasmus, who had studied Greek at the Venetian printing house of Aldus Manutius, began a philological analysis of the Gospels in the spirit of Valla, comparing the Greek originals with their Latin translations with a vi... | What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century? | What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century? | [
"What text still remained without the type of thorough review that others texts had received by the 18th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Bible"
],
"answer_start": [
919
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8294 | 5a7cc42be8bc7e001a9e1fd9 | Thuringia | Environmental damage in Thuringia has been reduced to a large extent after 1990. The condition of forests, rivers and air was improved by modernizing factories, houses (decline of coal heating) and cars, and contaminated areas such as the former Uranium surface mines around Ronneburg have been remediated. Today's envir... | When has environmental damage in Thuringia been increased since? | When has environmental damage in Thuringia been increased since? | [
"When has environmental damage in Thuringia been increased since?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102081 | 5729281f6aef051400154ae8 | States_of_Germany | The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Min... | What are most state legislatures called? | What are most state legislatures called? | [
"What are most state legislatures called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Landtag"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90067 | 5acf818277cf76001a68503e | Somerset | The ceremonial county of Somerset consists of a two-tier non-metropolitan county, which is administered by Somerset County Council and five district councils, and two unitary authority areas (whose councils combine the functions of a county and a district). The five districts of Somerset are West Somerset, South Somers... | How many districts made up Avon County? | How many districts made up Avon County? | [
"How many districts made up Avon County?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68495 | 5a36b9f895360f001af1b346 | George_VI | In the words of Labour Member of Parliament George Hardie, the abdication crisis of 1936 did "more for republicanism than fifty years of propaganda". George VI wrote to his brother Edward that in the aftermath of the abdication he had reluctantly assumed "a rocking throne", and tried "to make it steady again". He becam... | Who abdicated in 1936? | Who abdicated in 1936? | [
"Who abdicated in 1936?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71560 | 56f8d6b49b226e1400dd10c4 | Near_East | Near East (French: Proche-Orient) is a geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia. Despite having varying definitions within different academic circles, the term was originally applied to the maximum extent of the Ottoman Empire. The term has fallen into disuse in English, and has been replaced by the term... | The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language? | The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language? | [
"The term Near East has fallen into disuses in what language?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97392 | 56cfdf00234ae51400d9bfc7 | Frédéric_Chopin | At the funeral of the tenor Adolphe Nourrit in Paris in 1839, Chopin made a rare appearance at the organ, playing a transcription of Franz Schubert's lied Die Gestirne. On 26 July 1840 Chopin and Sand were present at the dress rehearsal of Berlioz's Grande symphonie funèbre et triomphale, composed to commemorate the te... | At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839? | At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839? | [
"At whose funeral did Chopin play in 1839?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adolphe Nourrit"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3101 | 5a592d173e1742001a15cfe1 | Genome | When people say that the genome of a sexually reproducing species has been "sequenced", typically they are referring to a determination of the sequences of one set of autosomes and one of each type of sex chromosome, which together represent both of the possible sexes. Even in species that exist in only one sex, what i... | What term is used to show how the sex chromosomes of a species are found? | What term is used to show how the sex chromosomes of a species are found? | [
"What term is used to show how the sex chromosomes of a species are found?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20432 | 572977e11d046914007794c4 | Glass | Mass production of glass window panes in the early twentieth century caused a similar effect. In glass factories, molten glass was poured onto a large cooling table and allowed to spread. The resulting glass is thicker at the location of the pour, located at the center of the large sheet. These sheets were cut into sma... | How was the bull's-eye used? | How was the bull's-eye used? | [
"How was the bull's-eye used?"
] | {
"text": [
"for decorative effect"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77046 | 57268c1b708984140094c9b4 | Dutch_language | In Dutch, the diminutive is not merely restricted to nouns and exist in numerals (met z'n tweetjes, "the two of us"), pronouns (onderonsje, "tête-à-tête"), verbal particles (moetje, "shotgun marriage"), and even prepositions (toetje, "dessert"). Most notable however, are the diminutive forms of adjectives and adverbs. ... | What's the Dutch word for "green"? | What's the Dutch word for "green"? | [
"What's the Dutch word for \"green\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"groen"
],
"answer_start": [
482
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35975 | 57270deaf1498d1400e8f2b2 | Comcast | In 2001, Comcast announced it would acquire the assets of the largest cable television operator at the time, AT&T Broadband, for US$44.5 billion. The proposed name for the merged company was "AT&T Comcast", but the companies ultimately decided to keep only the Comcast name. In 2002, Comcast acquired all assets of AT&T ... | What was the original name of AT&T Broadband and Comcast going to be? | What was the original name of AT&T Broadband and Comcast going to be? | [
"What was the original name of AT&T Broadband and Comcast going to be?"
] | {
"text": [
"AT&T Comcast"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78586 | 572fc855b2c2fd140056846e | Greeks | Before the establishment of the Modern Greek state, the link between ancient and modern Greeks was emphasized by the scholars of Greek Enlightenment especially by Rigas Feraios. In his "Political Constitution", he addresses to the nation as "the people descendant of the Greeks". The modern Greek state was created in 18... | What foundation was laid that is the demographics of Modern Greek Enlightenment Era ? | What foundation was laid that is the demographics of Modern Greek Enlightenment Era ? | [
"What foundation was laid that is the demographics of Modern Greek Enlightenment Era ?"
] | {
"text": [
"instrumental in transmitting the ideas of western romantic nationalism and philhellenism, which together with the conception of Hellenism,"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39256 | 573247b5e99e3014001e6638 | Protestantism | There are also Christian movements which cross denominational lines and even branches, and cannot be classified on the same level previously mentioned forms. Evangelicalism is a prominent example. Some of those movements are active exclusively within Protestantism, some are Christian-wide. Transdenominational movements... | What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs? | What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs? | [
"What other types of churches often adopt charismatic or evangelical beliefs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nondenominational churches"
],
"answer_start": [
640
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76677 | 572aab3fbe1ee31400cb813b | Philadelphia | In 2010, 24.9 percent of households reported having children under the age of 18 living with them, 28.3 percent were married couples living together and 22.5 percent had a female householder with no husband present, 6.0 percent had a male householder with no wife present, and 43.2 percent were non-families. The city re... | At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them? | At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them? | [
"At the last census how many households had children under 18 in them?"
] | {
"text": [
"24.9 percent"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81468 | 572409ef0ba9f01400d97b41 | Queen_Victoria | Following a custom she maintained throughout her widowhood, Victoria spent the Christmas of 1900 at Osborne House on the Isle of Wight. Rheumatism in her legs had rendered her lame, and her eyesight was clouded by cataracts. Through early January, she felt "weak and unwell", and by mid-January she was "drowsy ... dazed... | Where did Victoria spend the Christmas of 1900? | Where did Victoria spend the Christmas of 1900? | [
"Where did Victoria spend the Christmas of 1900?"
] | {
"text": [
"Osborne House"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69025 | 572f8622947a6a140053ca1b | Modern_history | The Great Depression ended at different times in different countries with the effect lasting into the next era. America's Great Depression ended in 1941 with America's entry into World War II. The majority of countries set up relief programs, and most underwent some sort of political upheaval, pushing them to the left ... | What did the Convulsion caused by the global depression resul in? | What did the Convulsion caused by the global depression resul in? | [
"What did the Convulsion caused by the global depression resul in?"
] | {
"text": [
"the rise of Nazism"
],
"answer_start": [
558
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96306 | 5728f1234b864d19001650f1 | Paris | As of 2013 the City of Paris had 1,570 hotels with 70,034 rooms, of which 55 were rated five-star, mostly belonging to international chains and mostly located close to the centre and the Champs-Élysées. Paris has long been famous for its grand hotels. The Hotel Meurice, opened for British travellers in 1817, was one of... | When did The Hotel Meurice open? | When did The Hotel Meurice open? | [
"When did The Hotel Meurice open?"
] | {
"text": [
"1817"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22642 | 5727bfcf3acd2414000deb73 | Exhibition_game | The Major League Baseball's preseason is also known as spring training. All MLB teams maintain a spring-training base in Arizona or Florida. The teams in Arizona make up the Cactus League, while the teams in Florida play in the Grapefruit League. Each team plays about 30 preseason games against other MLB teams. They ma... | Which states do MLB teams do spring training in? | Which states do MLB teams do spring training in? | [
"Which states do MLB teams do spring training in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arizona or Florida"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62826 | 5acd131107355d001abf335f | Pain | Wilhelm Erb's (1874) "intensive" theory, that a pain signal can be generated by intense enough stimulation of any sensory receptor, has been soundly disproved. Some sensory fibers do not differentiate between noxious and non-noxious stimuli, while others, nociceptors, respond only to noxious, high intensity stimuli. At... | What did Wilhelm Erb come up with in 1784? | What did Wilhelm Erb come up with in 1784? | [
"What did Wilhelm Erb come up with in 1784?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62645 | 5a7b9a8521c2de001afea1a7 | Software_testing | Development Testing is a software development process that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum of defect prevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. It is performed by the software developer or engineer during the construction phase of the softwa... | When is development testing not used? | When is development testing not used? | [
"When is development testing not used?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86781 | 570bc3996b8089140040fa1e | Biodiversity | On the other hand, changes through the Phanerozoic correlate much better with the hyperbolic model (widely used in population biology, demography and macrosociology, as well as fossil biodiversity) than with exponential and logistic models. The latter models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order p... | What models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback? | What models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback? | [
"What models imply that changes in diversity are guided by a first-order positive feedback?"
] | {
"text": [
"exponential and logistic models"
],
"answer_start": [
208
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53852 | 5ad272b2d7d075001a4294a8 | Dialect | This can give rise to the situation in which two dialects (defined according to this paradigm) with a somewhat distant genetic relationship are mutually more readily comprehensible than more closely related dialects. In one opinion, this pattern is clearly present among the modern Romance languages, with Italian and Sp... | Which two languages share numerous root words that aren't even in the Romance language? | Which two languages share numerous root words that aren't even in the Romance language? | [
"Which two languages share numerous root words that aren't even in the Romance language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78246 | 57278a02f1498d1400e8fb49 | Child_labour | The first legal steps taken to end the occurrence of child labour was enacted more than fifty years ago. In 1966, the nation adopted the UN General Assembly of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. This act legally limited the minimum age for when children could start work at the age of 14... | What did this act due? | What did this act due? | [
"What did this act due?"
] | {
"text": [
"legally limited the minimum age for when children could start work at the age of 14"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29463 | 5730487aa23a5019007fd072 | Swaziland | In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty,... | Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004? | Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004? | [
"Who was the prime minister of Swaziland in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [
"Themba Dlamini"
],
"answer_start": [
199
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50235 | 5acede9132bba1001ae4b7ca | Neptune | In contrast to the hazy, relatively featureless atmosphere of Uranus, Neptune's atmosphere has active and visible weather patterns. For example, at the time of the Voyager 2 flyby in 1989, the planet's southern hemisphere had a Great Dark Spot comparable to the Great Red Spot on Jupiter. These weather patterns are driv... | What is the cloud bottoms on Neptune temperature? | What is the cloud bottoms on Neptune temperature? | [
" What is the cloud bottoms on Neptune temperature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89616 | 572fddffb2c2fd1400568533 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course? | What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course? | [
"What kind of checks help to keep the plane on course?"
] | {
"text": [
"Direction-finding"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50095 | 5a82075d31013a001a335117 | Phonology | Broadly speaking, government phonology (or its descendant, strict-CV phonology) has a greater following in the United Kingdom, whereas optimality theory is predominant in the United States.[citation needed] | What began in the United States? | What began in the United States? | [
"What began in the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47915 | 5726bcacf1498d1400e8e993 | Napoleon | Napoleon, expecting to win the war, delayed too long and lost this opportunity; by December the Allies had withdrawn the offer. When his back was to the wall in 1814 he tried to reopen peace negotiations on the basis of accepting the Frankfurt proposals. The Allies now had new, harsher terms that included the retreat o... | In what year did Napoleon attempt to resume peace talks? | In what year did Napoleon attempt to resume peace talks? | [
"In what year did Napoleon attempt to resume peace talks?"
] | {
"text": [
"1814"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78809 | 5ad2a0b9d7d075001a429c9f | Greeks | Another study from 2012 included 150 dental school students from University of Athens, the result showed that light hair colour (blonde/light ash brown) was predominant in 10.7% of the students. 36% had medium hair colour (Light brown/Medium darkest brown). 32% had darkest brown and 21% black (15.3 off black, 6% midnig... | What eye color shows the most presence among those of Greek heritage | What eye color shows the most presence among those of Greek heritage | [
"What eye color shows the most presence among those of Greek heritage"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67813 | 572ff8ff947a6a140053ceb5 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca... | What county is Charleston located in? | What county is Charleston located in? | [
"What county is Charleston located in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charleston County"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39026 | 5a2c952bbfd06b001a5aebdb | Serbo-Croatian | In Serbia, the Serbian language is the official one, while both Serbian and Croatian are official in the province of Vojvodina. A large Bosniak minority is present in the southwest region of Sandžak, but the "official recognition" of Bosnian language is moot. Bosnian is an optional course in 1st and 2nd grade of the el... | What languages are the official ones in Sanzak? | What languages are the official ones in Sanzak? | [
"What languages are the official ones in Sanzak?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23811 | 5acfbb8277cf76001a685b0c | Federalism | On one hand, this means that the Belgian political landscape, generally speaking, consists of only two components: the Dutch-speaking population represented by Dutch-language political parties, and the majority populations of Wallonia and Brussels, represented by their French-speaking parties. The Brussels region emerg... | What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape? | What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape? | [
"What are the three components in the Belgian political landscape?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2213 | 56d1221517492d1400aaba33 | Buddhism | Gautama was now determined to complete his spiritual quest. At the age of 35, he famously sat in meditation under a Ficus religiosa tree now called the Bodhi Tree in the town of Bodh Gaya and vowed not to rise before achieving enlightenment. After many days, he finally destroyed the fetters of his mind, thereby liberat... | What was the tree renamed that Gautama achieved enlightenment under? | What was the tree renamed that Gautama achieved enlightenment under? | [
"What was the tree renamed that Gautama achieved enlightenment under?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bodhi Tree"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34603 | 56f8cb159b226e1400dd1017 | Southampton | According to Hampshire Constabulary figures, Southampton is currently safer than it has ever been before, with dramatic reductions in violent crime year on year for the last three years. Data from the Southampton Safer City Partnership shows there has been a reduction in all crimes in recent years and an increase in cr... | Which statistics are debated because of the different ways various police forces record crime? | Which statistics are debated because of the different ways various police forces record crime? | [
"Which statistics are debated because of the different ways various police forces record crime?"
] | {
"text": [
"comparative crime statisitics"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59542 | 5ad16431645df0001a2d197c | Electric_motor | Whereas SCIMs cannot turn a shaft faster than allowed by the power line frequency, universal motors can run at much higher speeds. This makes them useful for appliances such as blenders, vacuum cleaners, and hair dryers where high speed and light weight are desirable. They are also commonly used in portable power tools... | What type of motor can't universal motors operate much faster than? | What type of motor can't universal motors operate much faster than? | [
"What type of motor can't universal motors operate much faster than?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114248 | 57269a6d708984140094cb6c | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | Critics stated that both The Sun and Lord Kilbracken cherry-picked the results from one specific study while ignoring other data reports on HIV infection and not just AIDS infection, which the critics viewed as unethical politicisation of a medical issue. Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the h... | What did Lord Kilbracken think of The Sun's editorial? | What did Lord Kilbracken think of The Sun's editorial? | [
"What did Lord Kilbracken think of The Sun's editorial?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lord Kilbracken himself criticised The Sun's editorial and the headline of its news story"
],
"answer_start": [
256
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56947 | 5727f6c94b864d19001640bc | Gramophone_record | It was not unusual for electric recordings to be played back on acoustic phonographs. The Victor Orthophonic phonograph was a prime example where such playback was expected. In the Orthophonic, which benefited from telephone research, the mechanical pickup head was redesigned with lower resonance than the traditional m... | What is one example of an acoustic phonograph on which one would listen to electric recordings? | What is one example of an acoustic phonograph on which one would listen to electric recordings? | [
"What is one example of an acoustic phonograph on which one would listen to electric recordings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Victor Orthophonic phonograph"
],
"answer_start": [
90
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31803 | 570da1ea16d0071400510c25 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Most modern air defence systems are fairly mobile. Even the larger systems tend to be mounted on trailers and are designed to be fairly quickly broken down or set up. In the past, this was not always the case. Early missile systems were cumbersome and required much infrastructure; many could not be moved at all. With t... | What systems are really geared toward mobility? | What systems are really geared toward mobility? | [
"What systems are really geared toward mobility?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet"
],
"answer_start": [
835
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36137 | 5ace638f32bba1001ae4a542 | Printed_circuit_board | Initially PCBs were designed manually by creating a photomask on a clear mylar sheet, usually at two or four times the true size. Starting from the schematic diagram the component pin pads were laid out on the mylar and then traces were routed to connect the pads. Rub-on dry transfers of common component footprints inc... | Pre-printed reproducing grids on the mylar assisted in what? | Pre-printed reproducing grids on the mylar assisted in what? | [
"Pre-printed reproducing grids on the mylar assisted in what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46426 | 57264cd75951b619008f6f54 | Department_store | The Paris department store had its roots in the magasin de nouveautés, or novelty store; the first, the Tapis Rouge, was created in 1784. They flourished in the early 19th century, with La Belle Jardiniere (1824), Aux Trois Quartiers (1829), and Le Petit Saint Thomas (1830). Balzac described their functioning in his no... | What year was the first Paris department store founded? | What year was the first Paris department store founded? | [
"What year was the first Paris department store founded? "
] | {
"text": [
"1784"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116378 | 570702a89e06ca38007e92ac | Letter_case | Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In... | Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts? | Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts? | [
"Besides the number 6, which number makes of the ascender set in some traditional or classical fonts?"
] | {
"text": [
"8"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28581 | 5a0f4709decec90018475550 | Canadian_football | Canadian football has mostly been confined to Canada, with the United States being the only other country to have hosted a high-level Canadian football game. The CFL's controversial "South Division" as it would come to be officially known attempted to put CFL teams in the United States playing under Canadian rules betw... | What did the South Division win while successfully playing in the CFL? | What did the South Division win while successfully playing in the CFL? | [
"What did the South Division win while successfully playing in the CFL?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10844 | 56fdf762761e401900d28c73 | Computer | Superscalar computers may contain multiple ALUs, allowing them to process several instructions simultaneously. Graphics processors and computers with SIMD and MIMD features often contain ALUs that can perform arithmetic on vectors and matrices. | Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what? | Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what? | [
"Computers that have multiple ALUs are called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Superscalar"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39057 | 5731bcb9e17f3d1400422354 | Protestantism | The use of the phrases as summaries of teaching emerged over time during the Reformation, based on the overarching principle of sola scriptura (by scripture alone). This idea contains the four main doctrines on the Bible: that its teaching is needed for salvation (necessity); that all the doctrine necessary for salvati... | How many primary doctrines are focused on the Bible? | How many primary doctrines are focused on the Bible? | [
"How many primary doctrines are focused on the Bible?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66889 | 57282af42ca10214002d9fce | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | Ethnic tensions had escalated between the Armenians and Azerbaijanis in spring and summer 1988. On January 9, 1990, after the Armenian parliament voted to include Nagorno-Karabakh within its budget, renewed fighting broke out, hostages were taken, and four Soviet soldiers were killed. On January 11, Popular Front radic... | How many Soviet troops occupied Baku? | How many Soviet troops occupied Baku? | [
"How many Soviet troops occupied Baku?"
] | {
"text": [
"26,000"
],
"answer_start": [
647
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110152 | 5ad3fe16604f3c001a3ffc21 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936? | Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936? | [
"Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1936?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70736 | 5730f10ae6313a140071cad0 | Bird | Aves and a sister group, the clade Crocodilia, contain the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria. During the late 1990s, Aves was most commonly defined phylogenetically as all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of modern birds and Archaeopteryx lithographica. However, an earlier defin... | Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria? | Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria? | [
"Besides Aves, what group contains the only living representatives of the reptile clade Archosauria?"
] | {
"text": [
"clade Crocodilia"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65677 | 5728ce8f2ca10214002da84c | Detroit | In 2010, the G.R. N'Namdi Gallery opened in a 16,000-square-foot (1,500 m2) complex in Midtown. Important history of America and the Detroit area are exhibited at The Henry Ford in Dearborn, the United States' largest indoor-outdoor museum complex. The Detroit Historical Society provides information about tours of area... | What is the U.S.'s largest museum complex? | What is the U.S.'s largest museum complex? | [
"What is the U.S.'s largest museum complex?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Henry Ford"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28333 | 5ad4cfbe5b96ef001a10a154 | Steven_Spielberg | After completing filming on Ready Player One, while it is in its lengthy, effects-heavy post-production, he will film his long-planned adaptation of David Kertzer's acclaimed The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara. The book follows the true story of a young Jewish boy in 1858 Italy who was secretly baptized by a family serv... | Who will play the family servant in The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara? | Who will play the family servant in The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara? | [
"Who will play the family servant in The Kidnapping of Edgardo Mortara?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48132 | 56f9f869f34c681400b0bf15 | Wood | Heartwood (or duramen) is wood that as a result of a naturally occurring chemical transformation has become more resistant to decay. Heartwood formation occurs spontaneously (it is a genetically programmed process). Once heartwood formation is complete, the heartwood is dead. Some uncertainty still exists as to whether... | What's another word for "duramen"? | What's another word for "duramen"? | [
"What's another word for \"duramen\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heartwood"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
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