gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-56195 | 5a454fcd19a820001a1eda17 | Nonprofit_organization | A nonprofit organization (NPO, also known as a non-business entity) is an organization whose purposes are other than making a profit. A nonprofit organization is often dedicated to furthering a particular social cause or advocating for a particular point of view. In economic terms, a nonprofit organization uses its sur... | What does a group of shareholders do with surplus income? | What does a group of shareholders do with surplus income? | [
"What does a group of shareholders do with surplus income?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6959 | 57313ab1e6313a140071cd4a | Red | Matisse was also one of the first 20th-century artists to make color the central element of the painting, chosen to evoke emotions. "A certain blue penetrates your soul", he wrote. "A certain red affects your blood pressure." He also was familiar with the way that complementary colors, such as red and green, strengthen... | What part in the paintings of Matisse did color play? | What part in the paintings of Matisse did color play? | [
"What part in the paintings of Matisse did color play?"
] | {
"text": [
"the central element"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45892 | 5731b7dcb9d445190005e4be | YouTube | During the same court battle, Viacom won a court ruling requiring YouTube to hand over 12 terabytes of data detailing the viewing habits of every user who has watched videos on the site. The decision was criticized by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, which called the court ruling "a setback to privacy rights". In Ju... | What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010? | What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010? | [
"What happened to Viacom's lawsuit in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"rejected in a summary judgment"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45156 | 5ace36dd32bba1001ae49ea1 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark. The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated. Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced th... | ABC renamed the record company SME on what date? | ABC renamed the record company SME on what date? | [
"ABC renamed the record company SME on what date?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66829 | 572816302ca10214002d9d98 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Ukraine, Lviv and Kiev celebrated Ukrainian Independence Day on January 22, 1989. Thousands gathered in Lviv for an unauthorized moleben (religious service) in front of St. George's Cathedral. In Kiev, 60 activists met in a Kiev apartment to commemorate the proclamation of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1918. On... | What is commemorated on January 22 in Ukraine? | What is commemorated on January 22 in Ukraine? | [
"What is commemorated on January 22 in Ukraine?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ukrainian Independence Day"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61061 | 5732a975d6dcfa19001e8a61 | Police | In Canada, the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary was founded in 1729, making it the first police force in present-day Canada. It was followed in 1834 by the Toronto Police, and in 1838 by police forces in Montreal and Quebec City. A national force, the Dominion Police, was founded in 1868. Initially the Dominion Police p... | What was Canada's first police force? | What was Canada's first police force? | [
"What was Canada's first police force?"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Newfoundland Constabulary"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80247 | 5726e320f1498d1400e8eec0 | Samoa | Rugby league is mostly played by Samoans living in New Zealand and Australia,[citation needed] with Samoa reaching the quarter finals of the 2013 Rugby League World Cup made of players playing in the NRL, Super League and domestic players. Many Samoans and New Zealanders or Australians of Samoan descent play in the Sup... | What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? | What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for? | [
"What rugby club did Maurie Fa'asavalu play for?"
] | {
"text": [
"St Helens"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86914 | 5a8cac2bfd22b3001a8d8d10 | Biodiversity | Agricultural diversity can also be divided by whether it is ‘planned’ diversity or ‘associated’ diversity. This is a functional classification that we impose and not an intrinsic feature of life or diversity. Planned diversity includes the crops which a farmer has encouraged, planted or raised (e.g.: crops, covers, sym... | What can be divided by covers? | What can be divided by covers? | [
"What can be divided by covers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100800 | 572f7dba947a6a140053c9c1 | Post-punk | In Germany, groups such as Einstürzende Neubauten developed a unique style of industrial music, utilizing avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects. Members of that group would later go on to collaborate with members of the Birthday Party. In Brazil, the post-punk scene grew after the generation of Bras... | How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound? | How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound? | [
"How did Einstürzende Neubauten come up with their new industrial sound?"
] | {
"text": [
"avant-garde noise, homemade instruments and found objects"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102255 | 56f9e9128f12f3190062ffdf | High-definition_television | Early HDTV commercial experiments, such as NHK's MUSE, required over four times the bandwidth of a standard-definition broadcast. Despite efforts made to reduce analog HDTV to about twice the bandwidth of SDTV, these television formats were still distributable only by satellite. | How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast? | How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast? | [
"How much more bandwith was required from early HDTV commercial experiments than an SD broadcast?"
] | {
"text": [
"over four times"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11795 | 56fae79e8f12f3190063028d | Somalis | The FIBA Africa Championship 1981 was hosted by Somalia from 15–23 December 1981. The games were played in Mogadishu, and the Somali national team received the bronze prize. Abdi Bile won the 1500 m event at the World Championships in 1987, running the fastest final 800 m of any 1,500 meter race in history. He was a tw... | When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place? | When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place? | [
"When did the 1981 FIBA African Championship take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"15–23 December 1981"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60580 | 57277dfddd62a815002e9eae | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Several performing arts groups and facilities are on the University of Michigan's campus, as are museums dedicated to art, archaeology, and natural history and sciences. Founded in 1879, the University Musical Society is an independent performing arts organization that presents over 60 events each year, bringing intern... | When was the Ann Arbor civic Ballet established? | When was the Ann Arbor civic Ballet established? | [
"When was the Ann Arbor civic Ballet established?"
] | {
"text": [
"1954"
],
"answer_start": [
726
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49634 | 570d6ae3b3d812140066d8ae | Valencia | About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico. The Roman historian Florus says that Brutus transferred the soldiers who had fought under him to that province. This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic locat... | How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC? | How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC? | [
"How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC?"
] | {
"text": [
"two thousand"
],
"answer_start": [
6
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77022 | 5726822d5951b619008f750c | Dutch_language | Instead, he argues, this development has been artificially frozen in an "intermediate" state by the standardisation of Dutch pronunciation in the 16th century, where lowered diphthongs found in rural dialects were perceived as ugly by the educated classes and accordingly declared substandard. Now, however, in his opini... | What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century? | What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century? | [
"What phenomenon of Dutch pronunciation was brought about by the attitudes of the elite in the 16th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"standardisation"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30554 | 5ace343132bba1001ae49e21 | Appalachian_Mountains | Dryer and rockier uplands and ridges are occupied by oak-chestnut type forests dominated by a variety of oaks (Quercus spp.), hickories (Carya spp.) and, in the past, by the American chestnut (Castanea dentata). The American chestnut was virtually eliminated as a canopy species by the introduced fungal chestnut blight ... | Where does the fungus originate from? | Where does the fungus originate from? | [
"Where does the fungus originate from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54046 | 56de2b36cffd8e1900b4b605 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Land Forces during this period also deployed in support of peacekeeping operations within United Nations sanctioned conflicts. The nature of the Canadian Forces has continued to evolve. They have been deployed in Afghanistan until 2011, under the NATO-led United Nations International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), a... | Who requested the aid of the Canadians? | Who requested the aid of the Canadians? | [
"Who requested the aid of the Canadians?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Government of Afghanistan"
],
"answer_start": [
337
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83701 | 5acd8b8907355d001abf469d | Florida | The climate of Florida is tempered somewhat by the fact that no part of the state is distant from the ocean. North of Lake Okeechobee, the prevalent climate is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), while areas south of the lake (including the Florida Keys) have a true tropical climate (Köppen: Aw). Mean high temperatures fo... | What areas of Florida are north of the ocaen? | What areas of Florida are north of the ocaen? | [
"What areas of Florida are north of the ocaen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23316 | 5ad14149645df0001a2d13f1 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The Duke of York had required that every community in his new lands of New York and New Jersey support some church, but this was more often Dutch Reformed, Quaker or Presbyterian, than Anglican. Some chose to support more than one church. He also ordained that the tax-payers were free, having paid his local tax, to cho... | Why was the Duke a friend of Anglicanism? | Why was the Duke a friend of Anglicanism? | [
" Why was the Duke a friend of Anglicanism?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6109 | 57274a76708984140094dbcb | Late_Middle_Ages | With the financial expansion, trading rights became more jealously guarded by the commercial elite. Towns saw the growing power of guilds, while on a national level special companies would be granted monopolies on particular trades, like the English wool Staple. The beneficiaries of these developments would accumulate ... | What privilege was granted to companies on a national level? | What privilege was granted to companies on a national level? | [
"What privilege was granted to companies on a national level?"
] | {
"text": [
"monopolies"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19027 | 572fe03bb2c2fd140056853c | Premier_League | Television has played a major role in the history of the Premier League. The League's decision to assign broadcasting rights to BSkyB in 1992 was at the time a radical decision, but one that has paid off. At the time pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market, as was charging fans to watch live ... | Why was this a unique decision? | Why was this a unique decision? | [
"Why was this a unique decision?"
] | {
"text": [
"pay television was an almost untested proposition in the UK market,"
],
"answer_start": [
217
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9720 | 5725e80089a1e219009ac077 | Montevideo | The Uruguayan Basketball League is headquartered in Montevideo and most of its teams are from the city, including Defensor Sporting, Biguá, Aguada, Goes, Malvín, Unión Atlética, and Trouville. Montevideo is also a centre of rugby; equestrianism, which regained importance in Montevideo after the Maroñas Racecourse reope... | When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded? | When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded? | [
"When was the Golf Club of Punta Carretas founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1894"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105079 | 5a3ea4655a76c5001a3a8405 | Palermo | The so-called "Sack of Palermo" is one of the major visible faces of the problem. The term is used to indicate the speculative building practices that have filled the city with poor buildings. The reduced importance of agriculture in the Sicilian economy has led to a massive migration to the cities, especially Palermo,... | What has led to migration away from the cities? | What has led to migration away from the cities? | [
"What has led to migration away from the cities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25050 | 56d103ff17492d1400aab729 | New_York_City | The New York Public Library, which has the largest collection of any public library system in the United States, serves Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island. Queens is served by the Queens Borough Public Library, the nation's second largest public library system, while the Brooklyn Public Library serves Brooklyn. | What is Brooklyn's public library system called? | What is Brooklyn's public library system called? | [
"What is Brooklyn's public library system called?"
] | {
"text": [
"Brooklyn Public Library"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10202 | 56de0eadcffd8e1900b4b5a2 | Symbiosis | Endosymbiosis is any symbiotic relationship in which one symbiont lives within the tissues of the other, either within the cells or extracellularly. Examples include diverse microbiomes, rhizobia, nitrogen-fixing bacteria that live in root nodules on legume roots; actinomycete nitrogen-fixing bacteria called Frankia, w... | What endosymbionts live in coral? | What endosymbionts live in coral? | [
"What endosymbionts live in coral? "
] | {
"text": [
"algae"
],
"answer_start": [
372
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42072 | 57288c842ca10214002da467 | Karl_Popper | Popper is known for his rejection of the classical inductivist views on the scientific method, in favour of empirical falsification: A theory in the empirical sciences can never be proven, but it can be falsified, meaning that it can and should be scrutinized by decisive experiments. He used the black swan fallacy to d... | Which account of knowledge did Popper contest? | Which account of knowledge did Popper contest? | [
"Which account of knowledge did Popper contest?"
] | {
"text": [
"classical justificationist"
],
"answer_start": [
554
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17986 | 5a10d8b706e79900185c341b | Internet_service_provider | For users and small businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL, typically asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) (typically basic rate interface). Using fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names. | What modern options are available to users and small businesses? | What modern options are available to users and small businesses? | [
"What modern options are available to users and small businesses?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96036 | 5726c81ef1498d1400e8eb19 | Hokkien | Hokkien dialects are typically written using Chinese characters (漢字, Hàn-jī). However, the written script was and remains adapted to the literary form, which is based on classical Chinese, not the vernacular and spoken form. Furthermore, the character inventory used for Mandarin (standard written Chinese) does not corr... | Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character? | Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character? | [
"Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character?"
] | {
"text": [
"20 to 25%"
],
"answer_start": [
527
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100870 | 5a5e19bf5bc9f4001a75ae22 | Hindu_philosophy | Hindu philosophy refers to a group of darśanas (philosophies, world views, teachings) that emerged in ancient India. The mainstream Hindu philosophy includes six systems (ṣaḍdarśana) – Samkhya, Yoga, Nyaya, Vaisheshika, Mimamsa and Vedanta. These are also called the Astika (orthodox) philosophical traditions and are th... | What philosophy does Astika reject? | What philosophy does Astika reject? | [
"What philosophy does Astika reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112423 | 570d2b46b3d812140066d4dc | United_States_Army | By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four separate occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the "National Army" was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War ... | When was the National Army demobilized? | When was the National Army demobilized? | [
"When was the National Army demobilized?"
] | {
"text": [
"end of World War I"
],
"answer_start": [
303
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67082 | 5726d1f5f1498d1400e8ec49 | Nutrition | The EFSA panel also determined intakes for different populations. Recommended intake volumes in the elderly are the same as for adults as despite lower energy consumption, the water requirement of this group is increased due to a reduction in renal concentrating capacity. Pregnant and breastfeeding women require additi... | Why should lactating women increase their water consumption? | Why should lactating women increase their water consumption? | [
"Why should lactating women increase their water consumption?"
] | {
"text": [
"To compensate for additional fluid output"
],
"answer_start": [
543
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52071 | 5ad382fe604f3c001a3fe4ce | Miami | Beneath the plain lies the Biscayne Aquifer, a natural underground source of fresh water that extends from southern Palm Beach County to Florida Bay, with its highest point peaking around the cities of Miami Springs and Hialeah. Most of the Miami metropolitan area obtains its drinking water from this aquifer. As a resu... | After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running oil in Miami? | After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running oil in Miami? | [
"After digging how many meters is one sure to reach running oil in Miami?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50727 | 56e962d799e8941900975f7a | Bern | In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non... | What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education? | What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education? | [
"What percent of the population has completed additionaly higher education?"
] | {
"text": [
"18.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31556 | 570d3b05b3d812140066d59b | Anti-aircraft_warfare | On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the... | When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? | When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? | [
"When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? "
] | {
"text": [
"30 September 1915"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38460 | 5acd10f207355d001abf330b | Materialism | Ancient Greek philosophers like Thales, Anaxagoras (ca. 500 BC – 428 BC), Epicurus and Democritus prefigure later materialists. The Latin poem De Rerum Natura by Lucretius (ca. 99 BC – ca. 55 BC) reflects the mechanistic philosophy of Democritus and Epicurus. According to this view, all that exists is matter and void, ... | Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void? | Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void? | [
"Whose view believes that there is more than matter and void?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82229 | 5a710ea40efcfe001a8afd15 | Pesticide | The World Health Organization and the UN Environment Programme estimate that each year, 3 million workers in agriculture in the developing world experience severe poisoning from pesticides, about 18,000 of whom die. Owing to inadequate regulation and safety precautions, 99% of pesticide related deaths occur in developi... | What percentage of pet groomers always follow safety precautions when using clippers? | What percentage of pet groomers always follow safety precautions when using clippers? | [
"What percentage of pet groomers always follow safety precautions when using clippers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80356 | 572fbcc4947a6a140053cc0b | Bacteria | Bacteria are further divided into lithotrophs that use inorganic electron donors and organotrophs that use organic compounds as electron donors. Chemotrophic organisms use the respective electron donors for energy conservation (by aerobic/anaerobic respiration or fermentation) and biosynthetic reactions (e.g., carbon d... | What type of electron donors organotrophs use? | What type of electron donors organotrophs use? | [
"What type of electron donors organotrophs use?"
] | {
"text": [
"organic compounds"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27732 | 5729e5501d0469140077965d | Energy | Some types of energy are a varying mix of both potential and kinetic energy. An example is mechanical energy which is the sum of (usually macroscopic) kinetic and potential energy in a system. Elastic energy in materials is also dependent upon electrical potential energy (among atoms and molecules), as is chemical ener... | Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy? | Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy? | [
"Some types of energy are a varying mix of potential and what other kind of energy?"
] | {
"text": [
"kinetic"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79693 | 57314eb2e6313a140071cdfb | Kievan_Rus%27 | Kievan Rus' also played an important genealogical role in European politics. Yaroslav the Wise, whose stepmother belonged to the Macedonian dynasty, the greatest one to rule Byzantium, married the only legitimate daughter of the king who Christianized Sweden. His daughters became queens of Hungary, France and Norway, h... | Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of? | Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of? | [
"Which three countried did Yaroslav's daughters become queens of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hungary, France and Norway"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52221 | 572a7db5f75d5e190021fae5 | Miami | In the early 1970s, the Miami disco sound came to life with TK Records, featuring the music of KC and the Sunshine Band, with such hits as "Get Down Tonight", "(Shake, Shake, Shake) Shake Your Booty" and "That's the Way (I Like It)"; and the Latin-American disco group, Foxy (band), with their hit singles "Get Off" and ... | In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami? | In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami? | [
"In what year did the Bee Gees relocate to Miami?"
] | {
"text": [
"1975"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44903 | 56f8df189e9bad19000a0648 | Gene | Essential genes are the set of genes thought to be critical for an organism's survival. This definition assumes the abundant availability of all relevant nutrients and the absence of environmental stress. Only a small portion of an organism's genes are essential. In bacteria, an estimated 250–400 genes are essential fo... | What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism? | What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism? | [
"What are the set of genes which are thought to be crucial for the survival of an organism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Essential genes"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81593 | 5706109452bb891400689846 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | By 1878, because of the growing popularity of the city, one railroad line could no longer keep up with demand. Soon, the Philadelphia and Atlantic City Railway was also constructed to transport tourists to Atlantic City. At this point massive hotels like The United States and Surf House, as well as smaller rooming hous... | What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel? | What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel? | [
"What were the names of the four avenues that surrounded The United States Hotel?"
] | {
"text": [
"Atlantic, Pacific, Delaware, and Maryland Avenues"
],
"answer_start": [
411
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103139 | 5ad2b2c0d7d075001a429f88 | Multiracial_American | Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. A... | What kind of people assimilated into black society? | What kind of people assimilated into black society? | [
"What kind of people assimilated into black society?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39431 | 572733abf1498d1400e8f484 | FA_Cup | In 1863, the newly founded Football Association (the FA) published the Laws of the Game of Association Football, unifying the various different rules in use before then. On 20 July 1871, in the offices of The Sportsman newspaper, the FA Secretary C. W. Alcock proposed to the FA committee that "it is desirable that a Ch... | When did the inaugural FA cup tournament take place? | When did the inaugural FA cup tournament take place? | [
"When did the inaugural FA cup tournament take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 1871"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7911 | 5726d229708984140094d255 | Copyright_infringement | According to the same study, even though digital piracy inflicts additional costs on the production side of media, it also offers the main access to media goods in developing countries. The strong tradeoffs that favor using digital piracy in developing economies dictate the current neglected law enforcements toward dig... | In what country is the issue of digital infringement social? | In what country is the issue of digital infringement social? | [
"In what country is the issue of digital infringement social?"
] | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11091 | 5733cb994776f41900661260 | Anthropology | Political economy in anthropology is the application of the theories and methods of Historical Materialism to the traditional concerns of anthropology, including, but not limited to, non-capitalist societies. Political Economy introduced questions of history and colonialism to ahistorical anthropological theories of so... | What have Political Economists most recently focused on the issues of? | What have Political Economists most recently focused on the issues of? | [
"What have Political Economists most recently focused on the issues of?"
] | {
"text": [
"industrial (and post-industrial) capitalism"
],
"answer_start": [
991
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96578 | 57277c0add62a815002e9e4f | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | The consensus of modern scholarship is that the New Testament accounts represent a crucifixion occurring on a Friday, but a Thursday or Wednesday crucifixion have also been proposed. Some scholars explain a Thursday crucifixion based on a "double sabbath" caused by an extra Passover sabbath falling on Thursday dusk to ... | Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible? | Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible? | [
"Why do some scholars propose a Thursday is possible?"
] | {
"text": [
"a \"double sabbath\" caused by an extra Passover sabbath"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41676 | 56cec9e1aab44d1400b88a63 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | On May 16, rescue groups from South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Russia and Taiwan arrived to join the rescue effort. The United States shared some of its satellite images of the quake-stricken areas with Chinese authorities. During the weekend, the US sent into China two U.S. Air Force C-17's carrying supplies, which incl... | Who did the US share the satellite images with? | Who did the US share the satellite images with? | [
"Who did the US share the satellite images with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chinese authorities"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103654 | 572a2d163f37b3190047876f | East_Prussia | The population of the province in 1900 was 1,996,626 people, with a religious makeup of 1,698,465 Protestants, 269,196 Roman Catholics, and 13,877 Jews. The Low Prussian dialect predominated in East Prussia, although High Prussian was spoken in Warmia. The numbers of Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians decre... | Due to Germanization which three groups saw a decrease in Prussia? | Due to Germanization which three groups saw a decrease in Prussia? | [
"Due to Germanization which three groups saw a decrease in Prussia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Masurians, Kursenieki and Prussian Lithuanians"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32277 | 5ad24023d7d075001a42891a | Antarctica | During the Nimrod Expedition led by Ernest Shackleton in 1907, parties led by Edgeworth David became the first to climb Mount Erebus and to reach the South Magnetic Pole. Douglas Mawson, who assumed the leadership of the Magnetic Pole party on their perilous return, went on to lead several expeditions until retiring in... | What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole? | What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole? | [
"What expedition reached the North Magnetic Pole?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96766 | 5727a8684b864d19001639ae | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | John Calvin supported the "agent of God" Christology and argued that in his trial in Pilate's Court Jesus could have successfully argued for his innocence, but instead submitted to crucifixion in obedience to the Father. This Christological theme continued into the 20th century, both in the Eastern and Western Churches... | What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done? | What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done? | [
"What did John Calvin claim Jesus could have done?"
] | {
"text": [
"successfully argued for his innocence"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61387 | 5a3aee583ff257001ab84334 | Flowering_plant | The internal classification of this group has undergone considerable revision. The Cronquist system, proposed by Arthur Cronquist in 1968 and published in its full form in 1981, is still widely used but is no longer believed to accurately reflect phylogeny. A consensus about how the flowering plants should be arranged ... | When was the APG II system published fully? | When was the APG II system published fully? | [
"When was the APG II system published fully?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42494 | 570ff9f3b654c5140001f70c | Sexual_orientation | No major mental health professional organization has sanctioned efforts to change sexual orientation and virtually all of them have adopted policy statements cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation. These include the American Psychiatric Association, American ... | What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices? | What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices? | [
"What policy statement has almost all proffesionals applied to their practices?"
] | {
"text": [
"cautioning the profession and the public about treatments that purport to change sexual orientation."
],
"answer_start": [
158
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112883 | 570b2dfcec8fbc190045b8c5 | Xbox_360 | Since these problems surfaced, Microsoft has attempted to modify the console to improve its reliability. Modifications include a reduction in the number, size, and placement of components, the addition of dabs of epoxy on the corners and edges of the CPU and GPU as glue to prevent movement relative to the board during ... | How does the 360 S then react to an overheating situation? | How does the 360 S then react to an overheating situation? | [
"How does the 360 S then react to an overheating situation?"
] | {
"text": [
"imminent system shutdown until the system has cooled"
],
"answer_start": [
835
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13166 | 56dd1e8366d3e219004dabdb | Republic_of_the_Congo | According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers. | What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant? | What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant? | [
"What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?"
] | {
"text": [
"19.9%"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87071 | 5a1f24463de3f40018b2651c | Videoconferencing | It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o... | Where did the first compressed video transmission that was sold sold come from? | Where did the first compressed video transmission that was sold sold come from? | [
"Where did the first compressed video transmission that was sold sold come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51554 | 5705f31875f01819005e77bb | New_Delhi | On December 16, 2015, the Supreme Court of India mandated several restrictions on Delhi's transportation system to curb pollution. Among the measures, the court ordered to stop registrations of diesel cars and sport utility vehicles with an engine capacity of 2,000 cc and over until March 31, 2016. The court also order... | Which transportation vehicles were banned from entering New Delhi? | Which transportation vehicles were banned from entering New Delhi? | [
"Which transportation vehicles were banned from entering New Delhi?"
] | {
"text": [
"vehicles that are more than 10 years old"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63199 | 572ba75ff75d5e190021fe6e | Czech_language | Typical of Slavic languages, Czech marks its verbs for one of two grammatical aspects: perfective and imperfective. Most verbs are part of inflected aspect pairs—for example, koupit (perfective) and kupovat (imperfective). Although the verbs' meaning is similar, in perfective verbs the action is completed and in imperf... | What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs? | What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs? | [
"What do Slavic languages tend to do to their verbs?"
] | {
"text": [
"marks"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41062 | 5726f545708984140094d700 | Predation | Predators may be put to use in conservation efforts to control introduced species. Although the aim in this situation is to remove the introduced species entirely, keeping its abundance down is often the only possibility. Predators from its natural range may be introduced to control populations, though in some cases th... | Predators are used in conservation to reduce what type of species from the environment? | Predators are used in conservation to reduce what type of species from the environment? | [
"Predators are used in conservation to reduce what type of species from the environment?"
] | {
"text": [
"introduced species"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69726 | 57302668947a6a140053d192 | Windows_8 | New features and functionality in Windows 8 include a faster startup through UEFI integration and the new "Hybrid Boot" mode (which hibernates the Windows kernel on shutdown to speed up the subsequent boot), a new lock screen with a clock and notifications, and the ability for enterprise users to create live USB versio... | What are the benefits of USB 3.0? | What are the benefits of USB 3.0? | [
"What are the benefits of USB 3.0?"
] | {
"text": [
"faster data transfers and improved power management"
],
"answer_start": [
432
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36972 | 5725c2d6ec44d21400f3d4fb | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanit... | What did the foundation announce in 2011 | What did the foundation announce in 2011 | [
"What did the foundation announce in 2011"
] | {
"text": [
"In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new \"Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview\""
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29941 | 5a54faaf134fea001a0e1796 | CBC_Television | In addition to the mentioned late local newscasts, CBC stations in most markets fill early evenings with local news programs, generally from 5:00 p.m. to 6:30 p.m., while most stations also air a single local newscast on weekend evenings (comprising a supper hour broadcast on Saturdays and a late evening newscast on Su... | What documentary series did the CBC recently gain rights to in order to increase their ratings? | What documentary series did the CBC recently gain rights to in order to increase their ratings? | [
"What documentary series did the CBC recently gain rights to in order to increase their ratings?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79002 | 5a8da6c7df8bba001a0f9b3f | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | In 2003, Nintendo announced that a new The Legend of Zelda game was in the works for the GameCube by the same team that had created the cel-shaded The Wind Waker. At the following year's Game Developers Conference, director Eiji Aonuma unintentionally revealed that the game's sequel was in development under the working... | What region of the wold did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Shigeru game for? | What region of the wold did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Shigeru game for? | [
"What region of the wold did Nintendo want to design the next Legend of Shigeru game for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21021 | 5a750c9097ca42001a521e15 | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | The Spanish language has been present in what is now the United States since the 16th and 17th centuries, with the arrival of Spanish colonization in North America that would later become the states of Florida, Texas, Colorado, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, and California. The Spanish explorers explored areas of 4... | Which years was the Louisiana Territory under Spanish rule? | Which years was the Louisiana Territory under Spanish rule? | [
"Which years was the Louisiana Territory under Spanish rule?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80202 | 5a62915df8d794001af1c0e8 | Samoa | Albert Wendt is a significant Samoan writer whose novels and stories tell the Samoan experience. In 1989, his novel Flying Fox in a Freedom Tree was made into a feature film in New Zealand, directed by Martyn Sanderson. Another novel Sons for the Return Home had also been made into a feature film in 1979, directed by P... | What book of poetry was published by John Kneubuhl in 2004? | What book of poetry was published by John Kneubuhl in 2004? | [
"What book of poetry was published by John Kneubuhl in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46647 | 5726746a708984140094c6b8 | Department_store | In Puerto Rico, various department stores have operated, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macy's, Kmart, Wal-Mart, Marshalls, Burlington Coat Factory, T.J. Maxx, Costco, Sam's Club and others. La New York was a Puerto Rican department store. Topeka, Capri and Pitusa are competitors on the Puerto Rican market that also have hy... | When is the Mall of San Juan expected to open? | When is the Mall of San Juan expected to open? | [
"When is the Mall of San Juan expected to open? "
] | {
"text": [
"March 2015"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89668 | 5730271b04bcaa1900d77256 | The_Blitz | Luftwaffe policy at this point was primarily to continue progressive attacks on London, chiefly by night attack; second, to interfere with production in the vast industrial arms factories of the West Midlands, again chiefly by night attack; and third to disrupt plants and factories during the day by means of fighter-bo... | Who was in command of the Luftflotte 2? | Who was in command of the Luftflotte 2? | [
"Who was in command of the Luftflotte 2?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kesselring"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96934 | 5a21d5c18a6e4f001aa08f41 | Canon_law | The institutions and practices of canon law paralleled the legal development of much of Europe, and consequently both modern civil law and common law (legal system) bear the influences of canon law. Edson Luiz Sampel, a Brazilian expert in canon law, says that canon law is contained in the genesis of various institutes... | What was influenced by civil law and common law? | What was influenced by civil law and common law? | [
"What was influenced by civil law and common law?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64809 | 57342171d058e614000b69a4 | Portugal | Portuguese universities have existed since 1290. The oldest Portuguese university was first established in Lisbon before moving to Coimbra. Historically, within the scope of the Portuguese Empire, the Portuguese founded the oldest engineering school of the Americas (the Real Academia de Artilharia, Fortificação e Desen... | What is the oldest medical college in Asia? | What is the oldest medical college in Asia? | [
"What is the oldest medical college in Asia?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Escola Médico-Cirúrgica of Goa"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77903 | 5727f7313acd2414000df106 | Strasbourg | Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by c... | What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of? | What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of? | [
"What was the giant Phrygian cap made out of?"
] | {
"text": [
"tin"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29196 | 571af2219499d21900609bb7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly... | How many doctors have been paid by varies companies? | How many doctors have been paid by varies companies? | [
"How many doctors have been paid by varies companies?"
] | {
"text": [
"at least 21"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21295 | 56e6c4996fe0821900b8eb5e | Adult_contemporary_music | Another big impetus for the evolution of the AC radio format was the popularity of easy listening or "beautiful music" stations, stations with music specifically designed to be purely ambient. Whereas most easy listening music was instrumental, created by relatively unknown artists, and rarely purchased, AC was an atte... | What was another term for easy listening stations? | What was another term for easy listening stations? | [
"What was another term for easy listening stations?"
] | {
"text": [
"beautiful music"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104636 | 57332627d058e614000b5744 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Krugman's contention (that the growth of a commercial real estate bubble indicates that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis) is challenged by additional analysis. After researching the default of commercial loans during the financial crisis, Xudong An and Anthony B. Sanders reported (in December 2010): ... | Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? | Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis? | [
"Who believed that the growth of the commercial real estate bubble indicated that U.S. housing policy was not the cause of the crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Krugman"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112207 | 5729117aaf94a219006aa01d | Race_(human_categorization) | Another way to look at differences between populations is to measure genetic differences rather than physical differences between groups. The mid-20th-century anthropologist William C. Boyd defined race as: "A population which differs significantly from other populations in regard to the frequency of one or more of the... | What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences? | What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences? | [
"What can one use to look at differences between groups instead of physical differences?"
] | {
"text": [
"genetic differences"
],
"answer_start": [
69
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68284 | 5ad41dff604f3c001a400600 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | By 1840, the Market Hall and Sheds, where fresh meat and produce were brought daily, became a hub of commercial activity. The slave trade also depended on the port of Charleston, where ships could be unloaded and the slaves bought and sold. The legal importation of African slaves had ended in 1808, although smuggling w... | Where was fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1804? | Where was fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1804? | [
"Where was fresh food sold daily in Charleston in 1804?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103025 | 5acd431a07355d001abf3af0 | Unicode | In terms of the newline, Unicode introduced U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR. This was an attempt to provide a Unicode solution to encoding paragraphs and lines semantically, potentially replacing all of the various platform solutions. In doing so, Unicode does provide a way around the historical pl... | What widely adopted solution did Unicode provide? | What widely adopted solution did Unicode provide? | [
"What widely adopted solution did Unicode provide?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56848 | 5727d0992ca10214002d973f | Gramophone_record | In March 1949, as RCA released the 45, Columbia released several hundred 7 inch 33 1/3 rpm small spindle hole singles. This format was soon dropped as it became clear that the RCA 45 was the single of choice and the Columbia 12 inch LP would be the 'album' of choice. The first release of the 45 came in seven colors: bl... | How many colors were 45s available in when first released? | How many colors were 45s available in when first released? | [
"How many colors were 45s available in when first released?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven colors"
],
"answer_start": [
304
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8323 | 5a7cc770e8bc7e001a9e1fff | Thuringia | The Thuringian population has a significant sex ratio gap, caused by the emigration of young women, especially in rural areas. Overall, there are 115 to 120 men per 100 women in the 25–40 age group ("family founders") which has negative consequences for the birth ratio. Furthermore, the population is getting older and ... | How many citizens of Thuringia are dead before the age of 65? | How many citizens of Thuringia are dead before the age of 65? | [
"How many citizens of Thuringia are dead before the age of 65?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48347 | 56fa4e5e8f12f31900630111 | Wood | In buildings made of other materials, wood will still be found as a supporting material, especially in roof construction, in interior doors and their frames, and as exterior cladding. | What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials? | What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials? | [
"What might wood be used for in a building made from brick or other materials?"
] | {
"text": [
"supporting material"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54763 | 5ad548965b96ef001a10ac23 | Macintosh | In 1988, Apple sued Microsoft and Hewlett-Packard on the grounds that they infringed Apple's copyrighted GUI, citing (among other things) the use of rectangular, overlapping, and resizable windows. After four years, the case was decided against Apple, as were later appeals. Apple's actions were criticized by some in th... | How long did the FSF boycott GUN software for the Macintosh platform? | How long did the FSF boycott GUN software for the Macintosh platform? | [
"How long did the FSF boycott GUN software for the Macintosh platform?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17670 | 56cf4745aab44d1400b88f0c | Spectre_(2015_film) | Mendes revealed that production would begin on 8 December 2014 at Pinewood Studios, with filming taking seven months. Mendes also confirmed several filming locations, including London, Mexico City and Rome. Van Hoytema shot the film on Kodak 35 mm film stock. Early filming took place at Pinewood Studios, and around Lon... | What type of film was used? | What type of film was used? | [
"What type of film was used?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kodak 35 mm film stock"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71224 | 56e79d9037bdd419002c4242 | University_of_Kansas | Notable among a number of songs commonly played and sung at various events such as commencement and convocation, and athletic games are: "I’m a Jayhawk", "Fighting Jayhawk", "Kansas Song", "Sunflower Song", "Crimson and the Blue", "Red and Blue", the "Rock Chalk, Jayhawk" chant", "Home on the Range" and "Stand Up and C... | What is the name of a song that references the state that KU serves? | What is the name of a song that references the state that KU serves? | [
"What is the name of a song that references the state that KU serves?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Kansas Song\""
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93086 | 5aceed2432bba1001ae4b93c | Tajikistan | Relationships between religious groups are generally amicable, although there is some concern among mainstream Muslim leaders[who?] that minority religious groups undermine national unity. There is a concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (IRP), a major... | Friday prayers are available in many large what? | Friday prayers are available in many large what? | [
"Friday prayers are available in many large what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79243 | 57277029dd62a815002e9ce2 | Heian_period | Following Kammu's death in 806 and a succession struggle among his sons, two new offices were established in an effort to adjust the Taika-Taihō administrative structure. Through the new Emperor's Private Office, the emperor could issue administrative edicts more directly and with more self-assurance than before. The n... | In what year did Emperor Kanmu die? | In what year did Emperor Kanmu die? | [
"In what year did Emperor Kanmu die?"
] | {
"text": [
"806"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69516 | 5ad41e54604f3c001a400638 | Houston | The Houston area has over 150 active faults (estimated to be 300 active faults) with an aggregate length of up to 310 miles (500 km), including the Long Point–Eureka Heights fault system which runs through the center of the city. There have been no significant historically recorded earthquakes in Houston, but researche... | What is the total width of the Houston faults? | What is the total width of the Houston faults? | [
"What is the total width of the Houston faults?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61691 | 5a6283d6f8d794001af1c08d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is served by St. John's International Airport (YYT), located 10 minutes northwest of the downtown core. In 2011, roughly 1,400,000 passengers travelled through the airport making it the second busiest airport in Atlantic Canada in passenger volume. Regular destinations include Halifax, Montreal, Ottawa, Toro... | What is the 2nd busiest airport in Canada? | What is the 2nd busiest airport in Canada? | [
"What is the 2nd busiest airport in Canada?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56493 | 572ec835c246551400ce4661 | Geography_of_the_United_States | The Intermontane Plateaus come to an end at the Cascade Range and the Sierra Nevada. The Cascades consist of largely intermittent, volcanic mountains, many rising prominently from the surrounding landscape. The Sierra Nevada, further south, is a high, rugged, and dense mountain range. It contains the highest point in t... | What type of mountains compose the Cascades? | What type of mountains compose the Cascades? | [
"What type of mountains compose the Cascades?"
] | {
"text": [
"volcanic mountains"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32184 | 5729072e1d04691400778f99 | Myanmar | According to Pew Research, 7% of the population identifies as Christian; 4% as Muslim; 1% follows traditional animistic beliefs; and 2% follow other religions, including Mahayana Buddhism, Hinduism, and East Asian religions. However, according to a US State Department's 2010 international religious freedom report, offi... | How many dwelling are dedicated to the worship of the faith Jehovah's Witnesses ? | How many dwelling are dedicated to the worship of the faith Jehovah's Witnesses ? | [
"How many dwelling are dedicated to the worship of the faith Jehovah's Witnesses ?"
] | {
"text": [
"80 congregations around the country and a branch office in Yangon"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45080 | 5ace349132bba1001ae49e28 | Sony_Music_Entertainment | By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Recor... | CBA sold its record division to whom in 1979? | CBA sold its record division to whom in 1979? | [
"CBA sold its record division to whom in 1979?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58303 | 570aa9564103511400d598df | Federal_Aviation_Administration | On the eve of America's entry into World War II, CAA began to extend its ATC responsibilities to takeoff and landing operations at airports. This expanded role eventually became permanent after the war. The application of radar to ATC helped controllers in their drive to keep abreast of the postwar boom in commercial a... | What did the federal-aid airport program aim to help develop? | What did the federal-aid airport program aim to help develop? | [
"What did the federal-aid airport program aim to help develop?"
] | {
"text": [
"civil airports"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113700 | 572f59d8b2c2fd1400568063 | Central_Intelligence_Agency | US army general Hoyt Vandenberg, the CIG's second director, created the Office of Special Operations (OSO), as well as the Office of Reports and Estimates (ORE). Initially the OSO was tasked with spying and subversion overseas with a budget of $15 million, the largesse of a small number of patrons in congress. Vandenbe... | Who created the Office of Special Operations? | Who created the Office of Special Operations? | [
"Who created the Office of Special Operations?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hoyt Vandenberg"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22145 | 56e77d0137bdd419002c4035 | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | In March 2006, it was revealed by the Archivist of the United States in a public hearing that a memorandum of understanding between NARA and various government agencies existed to "reclassify", i.e., withdraw from public access, certain documents in the name of national security, and to do so in a manner such that rese... | How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed? | How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed? | [
"How was the reclassification of documents in '06 revealed?"
] | {
"text": [
"public hearing"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103519 | 5ad2cc20d7d075001a42a29c | Multiracial_American | Interracial relations between Indigenous Americans and African Americans is a part of American history that has been neglected. The earliest record of African and Indigenous American relations in the Americas occurred in April 1502, when the first Africans kidnapped were brought to Hispaniola to serve as slaves. Some e... | How many free Africans lived in San Miguel de Gualdape? | How many free Africans lived in San Miguel de Gualdape? | [
"How many free Africans lived in San Miguel de Gualdape?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38786 | 570c7c46b3d812140066d20c | FC_Barcelona | In 1980, when the stadium was in need of redesign to meet UEFA criteria, the club raised money by offering supporters the opportunity to inscribe their name on the bricks for a small fee. The idea was popular with supporters, and thousands of people paid the fee. Later this became the centre of controversy when media i... | What name inscription was a center of controversy? | What name inscription was a center of controversy? | [
"What name inscription was a center of controversy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santiago Bernabéu"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101966 | 5a473e445fd40d001a27dd8b | States_of_Germany | Federalism has a long tradition in German history. The Holy Roman Empire comprised many petty states numbering more than 300 around 1796. The number of territories was greatly reduced during the Napoleonic Wars (1796–1814). After the Congress of Vienna (1815), 39 states formed the German Confederation. The Confederatio... | After the Napoleonic Wars how many states formed the North German Federation? | After the Napoleonic Wars how many states formed the North German Federation? | [
"After the Napoleonic Wars how many states formed the North German Federation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114602 | 570a6f996d058f1900182e5c | Emotion | Western philosophy regarded emotion in varying ways. In stoic theories it was seen as a hindrance to reason and therefore a hindrance to virtue. Aristotle believed that emotions were an essential component of virtue. In the Aristotelian view all emotions (called passions) corresponded to appetites or capacities. During... | What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue? | What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue? | [
"What school of thought saw emotion as an impediment to virtue?"
] | {
"text": [
"stoic"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98512 | 57266134dd62a815002e8322 | Marvel_Comics | Martin Goodman founded the company later known as Marvel Comics under the name Timely Publications in 1939. Martin Goodman, a pulp magazine publisher who had started with a Western pulp in 1933, was expanding into the emerging—and by then already highly popular—new medium of comic books. Launching his new line from his... | When was Marvel founded? | When was Marvel founded? | [
"When was Marvel founded?"
] | {
"text": [
"1939"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72809 | 570fdcbb80d9841400ab36e5 | Dell | Dell sells personal computers (PCs), servers, data storage devices, network switches, software, computer peripherals, HDTVs, cameras, printers, MP3 players, and electronics built by other manufacturers. The company is well known for its innovations in supply chain management and electronic commerce, particularly its di... | For the majority of Dell's existence, what were they a vendor of? | For the majority of Dell's existence, what were they a vendor of? | [
"For the majority of Dell's existence, what were they a vendor of?"
] | {
"text": [
"hardware"
],
"answer_start": [
493
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96264 | 5728e29bff5b5019007da8cc | Paris | The Paris Region had 5.4 million salaried employees in 2010, of whom 2.2 million were concentrated in 39 pôles d'emplois or business districts. The largest of these, in terms of number of employees, is known in French as the QCA, or quartier central des affaires; it is in the western part of the City of Paris, in the 2... | How many salaried employees lived in the Paris Region in 2010? | How many salaried employees lived in the Paris Region in 2010? | [
"How many salaried employees lived in the Paris Region in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"5.4 million"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5471 | 5a11132706e79900185c3531 | Digimon | In 2011, Bandai posted a countdown on a teaser site. Once the countdown was finished, it revealed a reboot of the Digimon World series titled Digimon World Re:Digitize. An enhanced version of the game released on Nintendo 3DS as Digimon World Re:Digitize Decode in 2013. Another role-playing game by the name Digimon Sto... | What's been released in North America with Japanese subtitles? | What's been released in North America with Japanese subtitles? | [
"What's been released in North America with Japanese subtitles?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11367 | 57277bce5951b619008f8b01 | North_Carolina | North Carolina was hard hit by the Great Depression, but the New Deal programs of Franklin D. Roosevelt for cotton and tobacco significantly helped the farmers. After World War II, the state's economy grew rapidly, highlighted by the growth of such cities as Charlotte, Raleigh, and Durham in the Piedmont. Raleigh, Durh... | What crops was the New Deal Program made for? | What crops was the New Deal Program made for? | [
"What crops was the New Deal Program made for?"
] | {
"text": [
"cotton and tobacco"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
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