gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-11913 | 5ad12c1a645df0001a2d108a | Universal_Studios | The Universal Film Manufacturing Company was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1912. Laemmle, who emerged as president in July 1912, was the primary figure in the partnership with Dintenfass, Baumann, Kessel, Powers, Swanson, Horsley, and Brulatour. Eventually all would be bought out by Laemmle. The new Universal s... | What was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1921? | What was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1921? | [
"What was incorporated in New York on April 30, 1921?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88028 | 57283f072ca10214002da174 | God | Monotheists hold that there is only one god, and may claim that the one true god is worshiped in different religions under different names. The view that all theists actually worship the same god, whether they know it or not, is especially emphasized in Hinduism and Sikhism. In Christianity, the doctrine of the Trinity... | What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid? | What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid? | [
"What is the meaning behind the Muslim concept of tawhid?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"oneness\" or \"uniqueness\""
],
"answer_start": [
500
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42697 | 5710282db654c5140001f882 | Sexual_orientation | Some other cultures do not recognize a homosexual/heterosexual/bisexual distinction. It is common to distinguish a person's sexuality according to their sexual role (active/passive; insertive/penetrated). In this distinction, the passive role is typically associated with femininity and/or inferiority, while the active ... | How much is known about lesbians and bisexual women in these cultures? | How much is known about lesbians and bisexual women in these cultures? | [
"How much is known about lesbians and bisexual women in these cultures?"
] | {
"text": [
"Little"
],
"answer_start": [
868
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5158 | 56e15fabcd28a01900c67829 | Boston | Many older buildings in certain areas of Boston are supported by wooden piles driven into the area's fill; these piles remain sound if submerged in water, but are subject to dry rot if exposed to air for long periods. Groundwater levels have been dropping, to varying degrees, in many areas of the city, due in part to a... | The piles begin to rot if exposed to what? | The piles begin to rot if exposed to what? | [
"The piles begin to rot if exposed to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"air"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13435 | 56e7b0b737bdd419002c436a | Nanjing | Jiangsu Province Kun Opera is one of the best theatres for Kunqu, China's oldest stage art. It is considered a conservative and traditional troupe. Nanjing also has professional opera troupes for the Yang, Yue (shaoxing), Xi and Jing (Chinese opera varieties) as well as Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre... | What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing? | What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing? | [
"What other types of theater performance are seen in Nanjing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Suzhou pingtan, spoken theatre and puppet theatre"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3503 | 5a51c727b308da001a5a2398 | Southeast_Asia | Islam is the most widely practised religion in Southeast Asia, numbering approximately 240 million adherents which translate to about 40% of the entire population, with majorities in Indonesia, Brunei, Malaysia and in Southern Philippines with Indonesia as the largest and most populated Muslim country around the world.... | What religion is no longer predominant in East Timor? | What religion is no longer predominant in East Timor? | [
"What religion is no longer predominant in East Timor?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81341 | 5725231f0a492a190043570a | Queen_Victoria | By 1836, the Duchess's brother, Leopold, who had been King of the Belgians since 1831, hoped to marry his niece to his nephew, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold, Victoria's mother, and Albert's father (Ernest I, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha) were siblings. Leopold arranged for Victoria's mother to invite... | Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert? | Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert? | [
"Who disapproved of the proposed marriage between Victoria and Albert?"
] | {
"text": [
"William IV"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12749 | 5ad3102b604f3c001a3fdb24 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | At various times, there have been cardinals who had only received first tonsure and minor orders but not yet been ordained as deacons or priests. Though clerics, they were inaccurately called "lay cardinals" and were permitted to marry. Teodolfo Mertel was among the last of the lay cardinals. When he died in 1899 he wa... | Who was among the first lay cardinal? | Who was among the first lay cardinal? | [
"Who was among the first lay cardinal?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68896 | 572f427604bcaa1900d767f2 | Modern_history | Northern leaders agreed that victory would require more than the end of fighting. Secession and Confederate nationalism had to be totally repudiated and all forms of slavery or quasi-slavery had to be eliminated. Lincoln proved effective in mobilizing support for the war goals, raising large armies and supplying them, ... | What did Lincoln do well in the war? | What did Lincoln do well in the war? | [
"What did Lincoln do well in the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"mobilizing support for the war goals"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23565 | 5731dee2e17f3d14004224d0 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | J. Brent Walker, Executive Director of the Baptist Joint Committee, responded to Hamburger's claims noting; "The fact that the separation of church and state has been supported by some who exhibited an anti-Catholic animus or a secularist bent does not impugn the validity of the principle. Champions of religious libert... | Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what? | Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what? | [
"Separationists opposed the Catholic church when it sought to do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"tap into the public till to support its parochial schools"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92775 | 5a6fe5818abb0b001a676024 | Alsace | It was not until 9 June 1982, with the Circulaire sur la langue et la culture régionales en Alsace (Memorandum on regional language and culture in Alsace) issued by the Vice-Chancellor of the Académie Pierre Deyon, that the teaching of German in primary schools in Alsace really began to be given more official status. T... | How long did it take to introduce the Circulair Savary? | How long did it take to introduce the Circulair Savary? | [
"How long did it take to introduce the Circulair Savary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5132 | 56e15993cd28a01900c67805 | Boston | There are several major annual events such as First Night, which occurs on New Year's Eve, the Boston Early Music Festival, the annual Boston Arts Festival at Christopher Columbus Waterfront Park, and Italian summer feasts in the North End honoring Catholic saints. The city is the site of several events during the Four... | Where are Italian Summer feasts held? | Where are Italian Summer feasts held? | [
"Where are Italian Summer feasts held?"
] | {
"text": [
"the North End"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81693 | 57063e7075f01819005e7ab4 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | Unincorporated communities, localities and place names located partially or completely within the city include Chelsea, City Island, Great Island and Venice Park. | Besides Chelsea, Venice Park, and Great Island, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city? | Besides Chelsea, Venice Park, and Great Island, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city? | [
"Besides Chelsea, Venice Park, and Great Island, what other community, locality, or place name is included in the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"City Island"
],
"answer_start": [
120
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47163 | 5726d075dd62a815002e911a | Madonna_(entertainer) | Biographer J. Randy Taraborrelli described her ballad "I'll Remember" (1994) as an attempt to tone down her provocative image. The song was recorded for Alek Keshishian's film With Honors. She made a subdued appearance with Letterman at an awards show and appeared on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno after realizing that ... | Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with? | Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with? | [
"Who was the fitness trainer that Madonna was involved with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carlos Leon"
],
"answer_start": [
806
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4749 | 5a74beb142eae6001a389a59 | Green | In additive color devices such as computer displays and televisions, one of the primary light sources is typically a narrow-spectrum yellowish-green of dominant wavelength ~550 nm; this "green" primary is combined with an orangish-red "red" primary and a purplish-blue "blue" primary to produce any color in between – th... | How is a unique blue made? | How is a unique blue made? | [
"How is a unique blue made?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34955 | 5a8cce69fd22b3001a8d8ec0 | Memory | Short-term memory is also known as working memory. Short-term memory allows recall for a period of several seconds to a minute without rehearsal. Its capacity is also very limited: George A. Miller (1956), when working at Bell Laboratories, conducted experiments showing that the store of short-term memory was 7±2 items... | What is another name for extended memory? | What is another name for extended memory? | [
"What is another name for extended memory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76015 | 56e0ccb3231d4119001ac3b5 | Web_browser | The most recent major entrant to the browser market is Chrome, first released in September 2008. Chrome's take-up has increased significantly year by year, by doubling its usage share from 8% to 16% by August 2011. This increase seems largely to be at the expense of Internet Explorer, whose share has tended to decrease... | Which browser is the newest to enter the field? | Which browser is the newest to enter the field? | [
"Which browser is the newest to enter the field?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chrome"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42028 | 5a42ed244a4859001aac73a7 | Super_Nintendo_Entertainment_System | Japan saw the release of the Satellaview, a modem which attached to the Super Famicom's expansion port and connected to the St.GIGA satellite radio station. Users of the Satellaview could download gaming news and specially designed games, which were frequently either remakes of or sequels to older Famicom titles, relea... | When did dial-up stop broadcasting in the US? | When did dial-up stop broadcasting in the US? | [
"When did dial-up stop broadcasting in the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101680 | 56d5ff441c85041400946ea6 | Dog | Purebred dogs of one breed are genetically distinguishable from purebred dogs of other breeds, but the means by which kennel clubs classify dogs is unsystematic. Systematic analyses of the dog genome has revealed only four major types of dogs that can be said to be statistically distinct. These include the "old world d... | The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what? | The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what? | [
"The methods kennel clubs used to classify dogs is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"unsystematic."
],
"answer_start": [
148
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45186 | 5a60b098e9e1cc001a33cd68 | Sahara | The Sahara (Arabic: الصحراء الكبرى, aṣ-ṣaḥrāʾ al-kubrā , 'the Greatest Desert') is the largest hot desert in the world. It is the third largest desert after Antarctica and the Arctic. Its surface area of 9,400,000 square kilometres (3,600,000 sq mi)[citation needed]—including the Libyan Desert—is comparable to the res... | What desert is part of the United States? | What desert is part of the United States? | [
"What desert is part of the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44154 | 5a2ee726a83784001a7d253b | Bras%C3%ADlia | Juscelino Kubitschek, President of Brazil from 1956 to 1961, ordered the construction of Brasília, fulfilling the promise of the Constitution and his own political campaign promise. Building Brasília was part of Juscelino's "fifty years of prosperity in five" plan. Lúcio Costa won a contest and was the main urban plann... | What was Lucio Costa's plan to build Brasilia called? | What was Lucio Costa's plan to build Brasilia called? | [
"What was Lucio Costa's plan to build Brasilia called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45843 | 5731af89e17f3d14004222f9 | YouTube | Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. In January 2012, it was estimated that visit... | Youtube's financial records are not reported by who? | Youtube's financial records are not reported by who? | [
"Youtube's financial records are not reported by who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Google"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28529 | 572e7db403f98919007566bf | Canadian_football | The first attempt to establish a proper governing body and adopted the current set of Rugby rules was the Foot Ball Association of Canada, organized on March 24, 1873 followed by the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU) founded June 12, 1880, which included teams from Ontario and Quebec. Later both the Ontario and Queb... | On which date was the first governing body for Canadian football formed? | On which date was the first governing body for Canadian football formed? | [
"On which date was the first governing body for Canadian football formed?"
] | {
"text": [
"March 24, 1873"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57955 | 57273572dd62a815002e998f | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | NAACP had many problem's with JFK's "token" proposal. They wanted jobs. One day after the order took effect, NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill filed complaints against the hiring and promoting practices of Lockheed Aircraft Corporation. Lockheed was doing business with the Defense Department on the first billion-dolla... | Who filed complaints quickly after the Executive Order was implemented? | Who filed complaints quickly after the Executive Order was implemented? | [
"Who filed complaints quickly after the Executive Order was implemented?"
] | {
"text": [
"NAACP labor secretary Herbert Hill"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98370 | 56f8b34f9b226e1400dd0e57 | Alps | Some of the species of moths and insects show evidence of having been indigenous to the area from as long ago as the Alpine orogeny. In Emosson in Valais, Switzerland, dinosaur tracks were found in the 1970s, dating probably from the Triassic Period. | Where is Emosson located? | Where is Emosson located? | [
"Where is Emosson located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Valais, Switzerland"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99973 | 572b4c90111d821400f38e36 | Guam | Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670 until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000 to less than 5,000.:86 Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungso... | When did the Smallpox epidemic take place? | When did the Smallpox epidemic take place? | [
"When did the Smallpox epidemic take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"1688"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87781 | 5ad3bac0604f3c001a3feeb3 | Tristan_da_Cunha | The islands were first sighted in 1506 by Portuguese explorer Tristão da Cunha; rough seas prevented a landing. He named the main island after himself, Ilha de Tristão da Cunha, which was anglicised from its earliest mention on British Admiralty charts to Tristan da Cunha Island. Some sources state that the Portuguese ... | By who was the Las Gerritsz captained? | By who was the Las Gerritsz captained? | [
"By who was the Las Gerritsz captained?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107442 | 5726235c271a42140099d4d8 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | The name Shell is linked to The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company. In 1833, the founder's father, Marcus Samuel, founded an import business to sell seashells to London collectors. When collecting seashell specimens in the Caspian Sea area in 1892, the younger Samuel realised there was potential in exporting lamp oi... | What was the purpose of the created of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company? | What was the purpose of the created of The "Shell" Transport and Trading Company? | [
"What was the purpose of the created of The \"Shell\" Transport and Trading Company?"
] | {
"text": [
"to sell seashells to London collectors"
],
"answer_start": [
144
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114328 | 5726b4745951b619008f7b24 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | During the campaign for the United Kingdom general election, 2010, The Independent ran ads declaring that "Rupert Murdoch won't decide this election – you will." In response James Murdoch and Rebekah Wade "appeared unannounced and uninvited on the editorial floor" of the Independent, and had an energetic conversation w... | Who was the editor of the Independent? | Who was the editor of the Independent? | [
"Who was the editor of the Independent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Simon Kelner"
],
"answer_start": [
335
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92259 | 5728ccd02ca10214002da80c | Asthma | Asthma as a result of (or worsened by) workplace exposures, is a commonly reported occupational disease. Many cases however are not reported or recognized as such. It is estimated that 5–25% of asthma cases in adults are work–related. A few hundred different agents have been implicated with the most common being: isocy... | Asthma that is the result of or made worse by workplace exposure is reported as what? | Asthma that is the result of or made worse by workplace exposure is reported as what? | [
"Asthma that is the result of or made worse by workplace exposure is reported as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"occupational disease"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46762 | 5ad0c922645df0001a2d0348 | Department_store | In 1849, Horne's began operations and soon became a leading Pittsburgh department store. In 1879, it opened a seven-story landmark which was the first department store in the city's downtown. In 1972, Associated Dry Goods acquired Horne's, and ADG expanded operations of Horne's to several stores in suburban malls throu... | In what city did Horne cease their operations? | In what city did Horne cease their operations? | [
"In what city did Horne cease their operations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59740 | 56f92c369b226e1400dd1262 | Zhejiang | Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond whic... | Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang? | Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang? | [
"Which body of water is to the east of Zhejiang?"
] | {
"text": [
"East China Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45243 | 5a4c36e77a6c4c001a2bbbb9 | Sahara | The permanent dissolution of clouds allows unhindered light and thermal radiation. The stability of the atmosphere above the desert prevents any convective overturning, thus making rainfall virtually non-existent. As a consequence, the weather tends to be sunny, dry and stable with a minimal risk of rainfall. Subsiding... | What is strongest over the western desert? | What is strongest over the western desert? | [
"What is strongest over the western desert?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32154 | 5728fb4caf94a219006a9ebe | Myanmar | The provisional results of the 2014 Myanmar Census show that the total population is 51,419,420. This figure includes an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted. People who were out of the country at the time of the census are not included in the... | Who may have been left out of the 2014 census in Burma ? | Who may have been left out of the 2014 census in Burma ? | [
"Who may have been left out of the 2014 census in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"an estimated 1,206,353 persons in parts of northern Rakhine State, Kachin State and Kayin State who were not counted."
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67437 | 5a103c85decec900184755e4 | Hanover | Hanover was founded in medieval times on the east bank of the River Leine. Its original name Honovere may mean "high (river)bank", though this is debated (cf. das Hohe Ufer). Hanover was a small village of ferrymen and fishermen that became a comparatively large town in the 13th century due to its position at a natural... | Until when was hand over a comparatively large town? | Until when was hand over a comparatively large town? | [
"Until when was hand over a comparatively large town?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29420 | 57302d33947a6a140053d21c | Swaziland | Economic growth in Swaziland has lagged behind that of its neighbours. Real GDP growth since 2001 has averaged 2.8%, nearly 2 percentage points lower than growth in other Southern African Customs Union (SACU) member countries. Low agricultural productivity in the SNLs, repeated droughts, the devastating effect of HIV/A... | What has the Real growth in GDP since 2001 in Swaziland in percentage? | What has the Real growth in GDP since 2001 in Swaziland in percentage? | [
"What has the Real growth in GDP since 2001 in Swaziland in percentage?"
] | {
"text": [
"2.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89682 | 57302cf4b2c2fd14005689ed | The_Blitz | British night air defences were in a poor state. Few anti-aircraft guns had fire-control systems, and the underpowered searchlights were usually ineffective against aircraft at altitudes above 12,000 ft (3,700 m). In July 1940, only 1,200 heavy and 549 light guns were deployed in the whole of Britain. Of the "heavies",... | British night air defenses were effective to what height? | British night air defenses were effective to what height? | [
"British night air defenses were effective to what height?"
] | {
"text": [
"12,000 ft (3,700 m)"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26163 | 5ad0c966645df0001a2d0354 | Edmund_Burke | In January 1790, Burke read Dr. Richard Price's sermon of 4 November 1789 entitled, A Discourse on the Love of our Country, to the Revolution Society. That society had been founded to commemorate the Glorious Revolution of 1688. In this sermon Price espoused the philosophy of universal "Rights of Men". Price argued tha... | When did Price read Burke's sermon? | When did Price read Burke's sermon? | [
"When did Price read Burke's sermon?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67794 | 5a81ca0831013a001a334ec8 | Norfolk_Island | As of 2004[update], 2532 telephone main lines are in use, a mix of analog (2500) and digital (32) circuits. Satellite communications services are planned.[citation needed] There is one locally based radio station (Radio Norfolk 89.9FM), broadcasting on both AM and FM frequencies. There is also one TV station, Norfolk T... | How many analog telephone lines were being removed on Norfolk Island as of 2004? | How many analog telephone lines were being removed on Norfolk Island as of 2004? | [
"How many analog telephone lines were being removed on Norfolk Island as of 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69095 | 572faf0e04bcaa1900d76bea | Modern_history | The Space Age is a period encompassing the activities related to the Space Race, space exploration, space technology, and the cultural developments influenced by these events. The Space Age began with the development of several technologies that culminated with the launch of Sputnik 1 by the Soviet Union. This was the ... | What did Sputnik 1 usher in? | What did Sputnik 1 usher in? | [
"What did Sputnik 1 usher in?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Space Age"
],
"answer_start": [
693
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87418 | 56cf550faab44d1400b8901f | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | One of the first incidents of the book being challenged was in Hanover, Virginia, in 1966: a parent protested that the use of rape as a plot device was immoral. Johnson cites examples of letters to local newspapers, which ranged from amusement to fury; those letters expressing the most outrage, however, complained abou... | What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device? | What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device? | [
"What event in the novel was heavily criticized for being a plot device?"
] | {
"text": [
"rape"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20660 | 56cc92346d243a140015f03c | IPod | Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and... | What is another phrase meaning hidden feature? | What is another phrase meaning hidden feature? | [
"What is another phrase meaning hidden feature?"
] | {
"text": [
"easter egg"
],
"answer_start": [
165
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38307 | 572a270a1d046914007797e5 | Neolithic | Families and households were still largely independent economically, and the household was probably the center of life. However, excavations in Central Europe have revealed that early Neolithic Linear Ceramic cultures ("Linearbandkeramik") were building large arrangements of circular ditches between 4800 BC and 4600 BC... | What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life? | What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life? | [
"What was the cultural aspect was the major center of life?"
] | {
"text": [
"the household"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94882 | 571096f2a58dae1900cd6a90 | Age_of_Enlightenment | Several Americans, especially Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson, played a major role in bringing Enlightenment ideas to the New World and in influencing British and French thinkers. Franklin was influential for his political activism and for his advances in physics. The cultural exchange during the Age of Enlighte... | As diests, Americans were influenced by the ideas of which two Enlightenment followers? | As diests, Americans were influenced by the ideas of which two Enlightenment followers? | [
"As diests, Americans were influenced by the ideas of which two Enlightenment followers?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Toland (1670–1722) and Matthew Tindal (1656–1733)"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92445 | 5730e860b54a4f140068ccde | United_States_Air_Force | The act created the National Military Establishment (renamed Department of Defense in 1949), which was composed of three subordinate Military Departments, namely the Department of the Army, the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force. Prior to 1947, the responsibility for military avia... | What American broke the sound barrier in 1947? | What American broke the sound barrier in 1947? | [
"What American broke the sound barrier in 1947?"
] | {
"text": [
"Captain Chuck Yeager"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22601 | 5a123e6c6614be00188f24af | Exhibition_game | International teams also play friendlies, generally in preparation for the qualifying or final stages of major tournaments. This is essential, since national squads generally have much less time together in which to prepare. The biggest difference between friendlies at the club and international levels is that internat... | Internationals and what other Friendly's mostly take place during club league season | Internationals and what other Friendly's mostly take place during club league season | [
"Internationals and what other Friendly's mostly take place during club league season"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49808 | 56cd682162d2951400fa658c | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Laird writes that the Ming appointed titles to eastern Tibetan princes, and that "these alliances with eastern Tibetan principalities are the evidence China now produces for its assertion that the Ming ruled Tibet," despite the fact that the Ming did not send an army to replace the Mongols after they left Tibet. Yiu Yu... | Who did the Ming appoint titles to? | Who did the Ming appoint titles to? | [
"Who did the Ming appoint titles to?"
] | {
"text": [
"eastern Tibetan princes"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45486 | 571a6db910f8ca140030501d | Ashkenazi_Jews | Sometime in the early medieval period, the Jews of central and eastern Europe came to be called by this term. In conformity with the custom of designating areas of Jewish settlement with biblical names, Spain was denominated Sefarad (Obadiah 20), France was called Tsarefat (1 Kings 17:9), and Bohemia was called the Lan... | The reference to France as Tsarefat was taken from which biblical passage? | The reference to France as Tsarefat was taken from which biblical passage? | [
"The reference to France as Tsarefat was taken from which biblical passage?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 Kings 17:9"
],
"answer_start": [
275
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25658 | 5acfe8c677cf76001a686419 | Namibia | Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times. Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, Vision2030 Focus magazine[citation needed] and Prime FOCUS. Sister Namibia Magazine stands out as ... | Who owns the Namib Times? | Who owns the Namib Times? | [
"Who owns the Namib Times?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2627 | 56d28b0659d6e41400146064 | Buddhism | Formal membership varies between communities, but basic lay adherence is often defined in terms of a traditional formula in which the practitioner takes refuge in The Three Jewels: the Buddha, the Dharma (the teachings of the Buddha), and the Sangha (the Buddhist community). At the present time, the teachings of all th... | What is the Sangha? | What is the Sangha? | [
"What is the Sangha?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Buddhist community"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7285 | 5a1379ecc8eab200188dc995 | Georgian_architecture | Georgian architecture is characterized by its proportion and balance; simple mathematical ratios were used to determine the height of a window in relation to its width or the shape of a room as a double cube. Regularity, as with ashlar (uniformly cut) stonework, was strongly approved, imbuing symmetry and adherence to ... | What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture? | What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture? | [
"What kind of ratios were used in Gothic revival architecture?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110151 | 57102482b654c5140001f85b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death ro... | In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida? | In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida? | [
"In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?"
] | {
"text": [
"1979"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71778 | 56f9052e9e9bad19000a07e6 | Near_East | Parallel with the growth of specialized agencies for conducting or supporting statescraft in the second half of the 20th century has been the collection of resources for scholarship and research typically in university settings. Most universities teaching the liberal arts have library and museum collections. These are ... | What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century? | What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century? | [
"What has had parallel growth of in the 20th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"the collection of resources"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19257 | 5ad0ea66645df0001a2d0848 | Premier_League | The Golden Boot is awarded to the top Premier League scorer at the end of each season. Former Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United striker Alan Shearer holds the record for most Premier League goals with 260. Twenty-four players have reached the 100-goal mark. Since the first Premier League season in 1992–93, 14 diffe... | Who holds the record for most Premier League goals with 27? | Who holds the record for most Premier League goals with 27? | [
"Who holds the record for most Premier League goals with 27?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52218 | 5ad39274604f3c001a3fe6a4 | Miami | In addition to such annual festivals like Calle Ocho Festival and Carnaval Miami, Miami is home to many entertainment venues, theaters, museums, parks and performing arts centers. The newest addition to the Miami arts scene is the Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts, the second-largest performing arts center ... | Where is Lincoln Center not located? | Where is Lincoln Center not located? | [
"Where is Lincoln Center not located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98137 | 56e1a498e3433e1400423078 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen is not an energy resource, except in the hypothetical context of commercial nuclear fusion power plants using deuterium or tritium, a technology presently far from development. The Sun's energy comes from nuclear fusion of hydrogen, but this process is difficult to achieve controllably on Earth. Elemental hydr... | How does hydrogen function when it s burned? | How does hydrogen function when it s burned? | [
"How does hydrogen function when it s burned?"
] | {
"text": [
"energy carrier"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61814 | 5ace3f8932bba1001ae4a063 | Madrasa | Ibn Sīnā refers to the secondary education stage of maktab schooling as a period of specialisation when pupils should begin to acquire manual skills, regardless of their social status. He writes that children after the age of 14 should be allowed to choose and specialise in subjects they have an interest in, whether it... | According to Ibn Sina, what is needed to support transition at the primary stage of education? | According to Ibn Sina, what is needed to support transition at the primary stage of education? | [
"According to Ibn Sina, what is needed to support transition at the primary stage of education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7097 | 57314ebde6313a140071ce00 | Red | "So he carried me away in the spirit into the wilderness: and I saw a woman sit upon a scarlet coloured beast, full of names of blasphemy, having seven heads and ten horns. "And the woman was arrayed in purple and scarlet colour, and decked with gold and precious stones and pearls, having a golden cup in her hand full ... | How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have? | How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have? | [
"How many heads did the scarlet beast which a woman sat on have?"
] | {
"text": [
"seven heads"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88397 | 56d8e547dc89441400fdb3a0 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | French police were criticised for their handling of the events, and notably for confiscating Tibetan flags from demonstrators. The newspaper Libération commented: "The police did so much that only the Chinese were given freedom of expression. The Tibetan flag was forbidden everywhere except on the Trocadéro." Minister ... | What did French police take from demonstrators? | What did French police take from demonstrators? | [
"What did French police take from demonstrators?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tibetan flags"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56053 | 56e7a0e500c9c71400d77429 | Arena_Football_League | All assets of the Arena Football League were put up for auction. On November 11, 2009, the new league announced its intention to purchase the entire assets of the former AFL; the assets included the team names and logos of all but one of the former AFL and af2 teams. The lone exception was that of the Dallas Desperados... | When did the auction for the Arena Football League's assets take place? | When did the auction for the Arena Football League's assets take place? | [
"When did the auction for the Arena Football League's assets take place?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 25, 2009"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82580 | 56e78a2e00c9c71400d77272 | Daylight_saving_time | In Britain, Willett's 1907 proposal used the term daylight saving, but by 1911 the term summer time replaced daylight saving time in draft legislation. Continental Europe uses similar phrases, such as Sommerzeit in Germany, zomertijd in Dutch-speaking regions, kesäaika in Finland, horario de verano or hora de verano in... | What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as "legal time"? | What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as "legal time"? | [
"What term do Italians use for DST that literally translates as \"legal time\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"ora legale"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115197 | 5a39ee9e2f14dd001ac7265a | Mammal | Molecular studies based on DNA analysis have suggested new relationships among mammal families over the last few years. Most of these findings have been independently validated by retrotransposon presence/absence data. Classification systems based on molecular studies reveal three major groups or lineages of placental ... | Where did Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria come from? | Where did Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria come from? | [
"Where did Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30377 | 5acd633007355d001abf4046 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's b... | Where does women's wrestling compete? | Where does women's wrestling compete? | [
"Where does women's wrestling compete?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88741 | 5a220964819328001af389cd | Circadian_rhythm | Circadian rhythms allow organisms to anticipate and prepare for precise and regular environmental changes. They thus enable organisms to best capitalize on environmental resources (e.g. light and food) compared to those that cannot predict such availability. It has therefore been suggested that circadian rhythms put or... | What allows organisms to anticipate and prepare for unexpected environmental changes? | What allows organisms to anticipate and prepare for unexpected environmental changes? | [
"What allows organisms to anticipate and prepare for unexpected environmental changes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106358 | 5725f02bec44d21400f3d769 | Hellenistic_period | Several references in Indian literature praise the knowledge of the Yavanas or the Greeks. The Mahabharata compliments them as "the all-knowing Yavanas" (sarvajnaa yavanaa) i.e. "The Yavanas, O king, are all-knowing; the Suras are particularly so. The mlecchas are wedded to the creations of their own fancy." and the cr... | Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...." | Who said "The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others...." | [
"Who said \"The Greeks, though impure, must be honored since they were trained in sciences and therein, excelled others....\""
] | {
"text": [
"Varahamihira"
],
"answer_start": [
423
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35661 | 5a48730484b8a4001a7e7880 | Imperial_College_London | Imperial submitted a total of 1,257 staff across 14 units of assessment to the 2014 Research Excellence Framework (REF) assessment. In the REF results 46% of Imperial's submitted research was classified as 4*, 44% as 3*, 9% as 2* and 1% as 1*, giving an overall GPA of 3.36. In rankings produced by Times Higher Educatio... | How many staff were submitted over the 16 units of assessment? | How many staff were submitted over the 16 units of assessment? | [
"How many staff were submitted over the 16 units of assessment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87639 | 5729c937af94a219006aa61e | IBM | Other major campus installations include towers in Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta; software labs in Raleigh-Durham, Rome, Cracow and Toronto; Johannesburg, Seattle; and facilities in Hakozaki and Yamato. The company also operates the IBM Scientific Center, Hursley House, the Canada Head Office Building, IBM Rochester, an... | IBM has towers in which cities? | IBM has towers in which cities? | [
"IBM has towers in which cities?"
] | {
"text": [
"Montreal, Paris, and Atlanta"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45190 | 5727cb242ca10214002d9667 | Sahara | The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivision... | What does the Sahara have little to none of? | What does the Sahara have little to none of? | [
"What does the Sahara have little to none of?"
] | {
"text": [
"The northern and southern reaches of the desert"
],
"answer_start": [
75
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97142 | 56d20a6ae7d4791d00902618 | Frédéric_Chopin | Fryderyk may have had some piano instruction from his mother, but his first professional music tutor, from 1816 to 1821, was the Czech pianist Wojciech Żywny. His elder sister Ludwika also took lessons from Żywny, and occasionally played duets with her brother. It quickly became apparent that he was a child prodigy. By... | What is the name of Chopin's first music teacher that was not an amateur musician? | What is the name of Chopin's first music teacher that was not an amateur musician? | [
"What is the name of Chopin's first music teacher that was not an amateur musician?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wojciech Żywny"
],
"answer_start": [
143
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22945 | 5735c26adc94161900571fc5 | Kathmandu | The Taragaon Museum presents the modern history of the Kathmandu Valley. It seeks to document 50 years of research and cultural heritage conservation of the Kathmandu Valley, documenting what artists photographers architects anthropologists from abroad had contributed in the second half of the 20th century. The actual ... | Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum? | Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum? | [
"Who is the designer of the Taragaon Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carl Pruscha"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98278 | 56f8960c9b226e1400dd0c57 | Alps | Glaciers pick up rocks and sediment with them as they flow. This causes erosion and the formation of valleys over time. The Inn valley is an example of a valley carved by glaciers during the ice ages with a typical terraced structure caused by erosion. Eroded rocks from the most recent ice age lie at the bottom of the ... | Where have moraines accumulated? | Where have moraines accumulated? | [
"Where have moraines accumulated?"
] | {
"text": [
"at edges, center and the terminus of glaciers."
],
"answer_start": [
650
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71082 | 56e7906100c9c71400d772da | University_of_Kansas | The KU School of Engineering is an ABET accredited, public engineering school located on the main campus. The School of Engineering was officially founded in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873. | When did the University of Kansas start issuing degrees in engineering? | When did the University of Kansas start issuing degrees in engineering? | [
"When did the University of Kansas start issuing degrees in engineering?"
] | {
"text": [
"1873"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1187 | 573086f82461fd1900a9ce80 | Airport | Airports are divided into landside and airside areas. Landside areas include parking lots, public transportation train stations and access roads. Airside areas include all areas accessible to aircraft, including runways, taxiways and aprons. Access from landside areas to airside areas is tightly controlled at most airp... | Where can passengers purchase tickets? | Where can passengers purchase tickets? | [
"Where can passengers purchase tickets?"
] | {
"text": [
"terminals"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11131 | 5733dd4dd058e614000b6452 | Anthropology | Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interpla... | What division of anthropology concerns itself with food security? | What division of anthropology concerns itself with food security? | [
"What division of anthropology concerns itself with food security?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nutritional"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106591 | 5726572af1498d1400e8dc7d | East_India_Company | In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded t... | in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders? | in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders? | [
"in 1717 what made the region of Bengal so appealing to English traders?"
] | {
"text": [
"waived customs duties"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85916 | 57112c66a58dae1900cd6cf5 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | A thriving market of unlicensed NES hardware clones emerged during the climax of the console's popularity. Initially, such clones were popular in markets where Nintendo never issued a legitimate version of the console. In particular, the Dendy (Russian: Де́нди), an unlicensed hardware clone produced in Taiwan and sold ... | What was the name of the clone in Poland? | What was the name of the clone in Poland? | [
"What was the name of the clone in Poland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pegasus"
],
"answer_start": [
863
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111139 | 5a81feb231013a001a33507f | Group_(mathematics) | Lie groups are of fundamental importance in modern physics: Noether's theorem links continuous symmetries to conserved quantities. Rotation, as well as translations in space and time are basic symmetries of the laws of mechanics. They can, for instance, be used to construct simple models—imposing, say, axial symmetry o... | What are the translations in a group of Minkowski space called? | What are the translations in a group of Minkowski space called? | [
"What are the translations in a group of Minkowski space called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66044 | 570bce516b8089140040fa43 | ASCII | Originally based on the English alphabet, ASCII encodes 128 specified characters into seven-bit integers as shown by the ASCII chart on the right. The characters encoded are numbers 0 to 9, lowercase letters a to z, uppercase letters A to Z, basic punctuation symbols, control codes that originated with Teletype machine... | How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code? | How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code? | [
"How many specific characters are there in the ASCII code?"
] | {
"text": [
"128 specified characters"
],
"answer_start": [
56
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104796 | 5733612b4776f41900660933 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The financial crisis was not widely predicted by mainstream economists except Raghuram Rajan, who instead spoke of the Great Moderation. A number of heterodox economists predicted the crisis, with varying arguments. Dirk Bezemer in his research credits (with supporting argument and estimates of timing) 12 economists wi... | What did Raghuram Rajan speak of? | What did Raghuram Rajan speak of? | [
"What did Raghuram Rajan speak of?"
] | {
"text": [
"Great Moderation"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60327 | 572fe4fbb2c2fd1400568578 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | The Washington University School of Medicine, founded in 1891, is highly regarded as one of the world's leading centers for medical research and training. The School ranks first in the nation in student selectivity. Among its many recent initiatives, The Genome Center at Washington University (directed by Richard K. Wi... | Where does the Washington University School of Medicine rank in student selectivity? | Where does the Washington University School of Medicine rank in student selectivity? | [
"Where does the Washington University School of Medicine rank in student selectivity?"
] | {
"text": [
"first"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27608 | 5a62ba07f8d794001af1c1e9 | Liberia | The Central Bank of Liberia is responsible for printing and maintaining the Liberian dollar, which is the primary form of currency in Liberia. Liberia is one of the world's poorest countries, with a formal employment rate of 15%. GDP per capita peaked in 1980 at US$496, when it was comparable to Egypt's (at the time). ... | What is Liberia's rate of isolation? | What is Liberia's rate of isolation? | [
"What is Liberia's rate of isolation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16182 | 572e85b403f989190075671d | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Ga... | How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers? | How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers? | [
"How did Gaddafi feel about the British officers?"
] | {
"text": [
"claiming British Army officers racially insulted him"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110690 | 5730067f947a6a140053cf7d | Iran | Following the fracture of the Mongol Empire in 1256, Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan, established the Ilkhanate in Iran. In 1370, yet another conqueror, Timur, followed the example of Hulagu, establishing the Timurid Empire which lasted for another 156 years. In 1387, Timur ordered the complete massacre of Isfaha... | Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year? | Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year? | [
"Timur established the Timurid Empire in Iran in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1370"
],
"answer_start": [
130
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72343 | 5726593a5951b619008f7037 | Greece | Greece has universal compulsory military service for males, while females are exempted from conscription but may otherwise serve in the military. As of 2009[update], mandatory military service is nine months for male citizens between the ages of 19 and 45. Additionally, Greek males between the age of 18 and 60 who live... | What type of military service does Greece require? | What type of military service does Greece require? | [
"What type of military service does Greece require?"
] | {
"text": [
"universal compulsory"
],
"answer_start": [
11
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31862 | 570daef116d0071400510cd0 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | In the 1982 Falklands War, the Argentine armed forces deployed the newest west European weapons including the Oerlikon GDF-002 35 mm twin cannon and SAM Roland. The Rapier missile system was the primary GBAD system, used by both British artillery and RAF regiment, a few brand-new FIM-92 Stinger were used by British spe... | What two units used the Rapier missile system? | What two units used the Rapier missile system? | [
"What two units used the Rapier missile system?"
] | {
"text": [
"British artillery and RAF regiment"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3792 | 56be9add3aeaaa14008c9155 | Beyoncé | Her fourth studio album 4 was released on June 28, 2011 in the US. 4 sold 310,000 copies in its first week and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fourth consecutive number-one album in the US. The album was preceded by two of its singles "Run the World (Girls)" and "Best Thing I Never Had", which ... | Beyonce won an award for which activity in 2011? | Beyonce won an award for which activity in 2011? | [
"Beyonce won an award for which activity in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [
"writing"
],
"answer_start": [
617
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37933 | 572ffb1eb2c2fd14005686c2 | Roman_Republic | By the spring of 49 BC, the hardened legions of Caesar crossed the river Rubicon, the legal boundary of Roman Italy beyond which no commander might bring his army, and swept down the Italian peninsula towards Rome, while Pompey ordered the abandonment of Rome. Afterwards Caesar turned his attention to the Pompeian stro... | In what country did Pompey die in? | In what country did Pompey die in? | [
"In what country did Pompey die in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Egypt"
],
"answer_start": [
659
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32286 | 570da18bdf2f5219002ed079 | Antarctica | The passing of the Antarctic Conservation Act (1978) in the U.S. brought several restrictions to U.S. activity on Antarctica. The introduction of alien plants or animals can bring a criminal penalty, as can the extraction of any indigenous species. The overfishing of krill, which plays a large role in the Antarctic eco... | What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring? | What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring? | [
"What type of penalty can importing plants and animals into Antarctica bring?"
] | {
"text": [
"criminal"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8406 | 5a7cdfbae8bc7e001a9e2095 | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogenerati... | What is Thuringia's new energy supply? | What is Thuringia's new energy supply? | [
"What is Thuringia's new energy supply?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40081 | 572b8670be1ee31400cb83fc | New_Haven,_Connecticut | In addition to the Jazz Festival (described above), New Haven serves as the home city of the annual International Festival of Arts and Ideas. New Haven's Saint Patrick's Day parade, which began in 1842, is New England's oldest St. Patty's Day parade and draws the largest crowds of any one-day spectator event in Connect... | As one of the oldest and largest traditions, how long have the city been celebrating Saint Patrick's Day? | As one of the oldest and largest traditions, how long have the city been celebrating Saint Patrick's Day? | [
"As one of the oldest and largest traditions, how long have the city been celebrating Saint Patrick's Day?"
] | {
"text": [
"1842"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15444 | 5706bddb0eeca41400aa0dde | Black_people | The Negritos are believed to be the first inhabitants of Southeast Asia. Once inhabiting Taiwan, Vietnam, and various other parts of Asia, they are now confined primarily to Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Negrito means "little black people" in Spanish (negrito is the Spanish dimin... | Where do the Negritos reside currently? | Where do the Negritos reside currently? | [
"Where do the Negritos reside currently?"
] | {
"text": [
"Thailand, the Malay Archipelago, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands."
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71141 | 5acf5f8077cf76001a684cb0 | University_of_Kansas | Tuition at KU is 13 percent below the national average, according to the College Board, and the University remains a best buy in the region.[citation needed] | Who provides money for educational costs? | Who provides money for educational costs? | [
"Who provides money for educational costs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39591 | 57278af2dd62a815002e9fcf | FA_Cup | The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony. This means the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions, although time is saved by engraving ... | Is the trophy decorated? | Is the trophy decorated? | [
"Is the trophy decorated? "
] | {
"text": [
"the trophy wears is decorated with ribbons in the colours of both finalists, with the loser's ribbons being removed at the end of the game."
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98968 | 5a82325a31013a001a3352c5 | Turner_Classic_Movies | In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, Ted Turner acquired the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film studio for $1.5 billion. Concerns over Turner Entertainment's corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less th... | Who did Ted Turner sell UA to? | Who did Ted Turner sell UA to? | [
"Who did Ted Turner sell UA to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92806 | 5727acde3acd2414000de95f | Alsace | "Alsatia", the Latin form of Alsace's name, has long ago entered the English language with the specialized meaning of "a lawless place" or "a place under no jurisdiction" - since Alsace was conceived by English people to be such. It was used into the 20th century as a term for a ramshackle marketplace, "protected by an... | Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007? | Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace "ramshackle marketplace" as of 2007? | [
"Which nationalities still refer it to Alslace \"ramshackle marketplace\" as of 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"English and Australian"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38942 | 572998533f37b319004784d0 | Serbo-Croatian | Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovi... | Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants? | Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants? | [
"Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants?"
] | {
"text": [
"Enisa Kafadar"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111524 | 57323080e17f3d14004226ff | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | With the abatement of persecution, St. Jerome acknowledged the Empire as a bulwark against evil but insisted that "imperial honours" were contrary to Christian teaching. His was an authoritative but minority voice: most Christians showed no qualms in the veneration of even "pagan" emperors. The peace of the emperors wa... | Who said the imperial honors were against Christian teachings? | Who said the imperial honors were against Christian teachings? | [
"Who said the imperial honors were against Christian teachings?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. Jerome"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59993 | 5acfc36077cf76001a685d91 | Zhejiang | On Thursday, September 15, 2011, more than 500 people from Hongxiao Village protested over the large-scale death of fish in a nearby river. Angry protesters stormed the Zhejiang Jinko Solar Company factory compound, overturned eight company vehicles, and destroyed the offices before police came to disperse the crowd. P... | What did 50 people protest against? | What did 50 people protest against? | [
"What did 50 people protest against?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22420 | 57096446ed30961900e8406a | Himachal_Pradesh | Census-wise, the state is placed 21st on the population chart, followed by Tripura at 22nd place. Kangra district was top ranked with a population strength of 1,507,223 (21.98%), Mandi district 999,518 (14.58%), Shimla district 813,384 (11.86%), Solan district 576,670 (8.41%), Sirmaur district 530,164 (7.73%), Una dist... | Where did the state place on population chart? | Where did the state place on population chart? | [
"Where did the state place on population chart?"
] | {
"text": [
"21st"
],
"answer_start": [
33
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105141 | 572970446aef051400154eb4 | Palermo | The patron saint of Palermo is Santa Rosalia, who is widely revered. On 14 July, people in Palermo celebrate the annual Festino, the most important religious event of the year. The Festino is a procession which goes through the main street of Palermo to commemorate the miracle attributed to Santa Rosalia who, it is bel... | Who is said to have ended the Black Death in 1624? | Who is said to have ended the Black Death in 1624? | [
"Who is said to have ended the Black Death in 1624?"
] | {
"text": [
"Santa Rosalia"
],
"answer_start": [
292
]
} |
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