gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-11248 | 5733ec8ed058e614000b65f2 | Anthropology | Along with dividing up their project by theoretical emphasis, anthropologists typically divide the world up into relevant time periods and geographic regions. Human time on Earth is divided up into relevant cultural traditions based on material, such as the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, of particular use in archaeolog... | Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what? | Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what? | [
"Olduwan, Mousterian, and Levalloisian are all types of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"tool"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41470 | 56cde34662d2951400fa6972 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info] This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in l... | How many deaths were reported? | How many deaths were reported? | [
"How many deaths were reported?"
] | {
"text": [
"69,180"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104084 | 570baaabec8fbc190045baa7 | Infrared | In the semiconductor industry, infrared light can be used to characterize materials such as thin films and periodic trench structures. By measuring the reflectance of light from the surface of a semiconductor wafer, the index of refraction (n) and the extinction Coefficient (k) can be determined via the Forouhi-Bloomer... | What letter represents the extinction Coefficient? | What letter represents the extinction Coefficient? | [
"What letter represents the extinction Coefficient?"
] | {
"text": [
"k"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51704 | 5706af7575f01819005e7d35 | New_Delhi | Connaught Place, one of North India's largest commercial and financial centres, is located in the northern part of New Delhi. Adjoining areas such as Barakhamba Road, ITO are also major commercial centres. Government and quasi government sector was the primary employer in New Delhi. The city's service sector has expand... | New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language? | New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language? | [
"New Delhi's service sector has expanded largely due to skilled workers that speak what language?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87635 | 5a68f0288476ee001a58a8c8 | IBM | On January 21, 2014 IBM announced that company executives would forgo bonuses for fiscal year 2013. The move came as the firm reported a 5% drop in sales and 1% decline in net profit over 2012. It also committed to a $1.2bn plus expansion of its data center and cloud-storage business, including the development of 15 ne... | How many times did IBM have to reinvent itself in the past? | How many times did IBM have to reinvent itself in the past? | [
"How many times did IBM have to reinvent itself in the past?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110576 | 572676e75951b619008f7375 | Professional_wrestling | Some fans enjoy a pastime of collecting tapes of wrestling shows from specific companies, of certain wrestlers, or of specific genres. The Internet has given fans exposure to worldwide variations of wrestling they would be unable to see otherwise. Since the 1990s, many companies have been founded which deal primarily i... | What do some fans like to do? | What do some fans like to do? | [
"What do some fans like to do?"
] | {
"text": [
"collecting tapes of wrestling shows"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33061 | 5725eaf7271a42140099d31c | Incandescent_light_bulb | Luminous efficacy of a light source may be defined in two ways. The radiant luminous efficacy (LER) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths. The source luminous efficacy (LES) is the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) t... | What is the definition of radiant luminous efficacy? | What is the definition of radiant luminous efficacy? | [
"What is the definition of radiant luminous efficacy?"
] | {
"text": [
"the ratio of the visible light flux emitted (the luminous flux) to the total power radiated over all wavelengths"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46822 | 57277c05dd62a815002e9e45 | Textual_criticism | When comparing different documents, or "witnesses", of a single, original text, the observed differences are called variant readings, or simply variants or readings. It is not always apparent which single variant represents the author's original work. The process of textual criticism seeks to explain how each variant m... | What are the variations in the text of witnesses known as? | What are the variations in the text of witnesses known as? | [
"What are the variations in the text of witnesses known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"variant readings, or simply variants or readings."
],
"answer_start": [
116
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110529 | 572670f2708984140094c615 | Professional_wrestling | The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when Mildred Burke won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacat... | Who won the women's title in 1937? | Who won the women's title in 1937? | [
"Who won the women's title in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mildred Burke"
],
"answer_start": [
107
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55135 | 5a3978fb2f14dd001ac72374 | Everton_F.C. | Everton's biggest rivalry is with neighbours Liverpool, against whom they contest the Merseyside derby. The Merseyside derby is usually a sellout fixture, and has been known as the "friendly derby" because both sets of fans can often be seen side by side red and blue inside the stadium both at Anfield and Goodison Park... | In what year was Everton established? | In what year was Everton established? | [
"In what year was Everton established?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90727 | 57321d690fdd8d15006c67b3 | Pacific_War | While Japan had a large number of submarines, they did not make a significant impact on the war. In 1942, the Japanese fleet subs performed well, knocking out or damaging many Allied warships. However, Imperial Japanese Navy (and pre-war U.S.) doctrine stipulated that only fleet battles, not guerre de course (commerce ... | What did the Japanese submarine offensive against Austrailia achieve? | What did the Japanese submarine offensive against Austrailia achieve? | [
"What did the Japanese submarine offensive against Austrailia achieve?"
] | {
"text": [
"little"
],
"answer_start": [
692
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61095 | 5acec6d032bba1001ae4b3a5 | Police | As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d'état and therefore giving the superficia... | Which economic theory did Foucault say rejected the police? | Which economic theory did Foucault say rejected the police? | [
"Which economic theory did Foucault say rejected the police?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104111 | 57289b78ff5b5019007da331 | Mandolin | A mandolin (Italian: mandolino pronounced [mandoˈliːno]; literally "small mandola") is a musical instrument in the lute family and is usually plucked with a plectrum or "pick". It commonly has four courses of doubled metal strings tuned in unison (8 strings), although five (10 strings) and six (12 strings) course versi... | What does mandolin translate to? | What does mandolin translate to? | [
"What does mandolin translate to? "
] | {
"text": [
"small mandola"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26655 | 5731a21de17f3d1400422298 | University | The epistemological tensions between scientists and universities were also heightened by the economic realities of research during this time, as individual scientists, associations and universities were vying for limited resources. There was also competition from the formation of new colleges funded by private benefact... | What type of entity created competition with government created universities? | What type of entity created competition with government created universities? | [
"What type of entity created competition with government created universities?"
] | {
"text": [
"private benefactors"
],
"answer_start": [
719
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76639 | 572aa1b9f75d5e190021fbd8 | Philadelphia | The City Planning Commission, tasked with guiding growth and development of the city, has divided the city into 18 planning districts as part of the Philadelphia2035 physical development plan. Much of the city's 1980 zoning code was overhauled from 2007–2012 as part of a joint effort between former mayors John F. Stree... | How many planning districts make up Philadelphia? | How many planning districts make up Philadelphia? | [
"How many planning districts make up Philadelphia?"
] | {
"text": [
"18"
],
"answer_start": [
112
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6678 | 57283c272ca10214002da145 | PlayStation_3 | In January 2008, Kaz Hirai, CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment, suggested that the console may start making a profit by early 2009, stating that, "the next fiscal year starts in April and if we can try to achieve that in the next fiscal year that would be a great thing" and that "[profitability] is not a definite commi... | How many PS3 did Hirai set a public goal to sell by the time the product was nine? | How many PS3 did Hirai set a public goal to sell by the time the product was nine? | [
"How many PS3 did Hirai set a public goal to sell by the time the product was nine?"
] | {
"text": [
"150 million"
],
"answer_start": [
577
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12908 | 56dcddb066d3e219004dab49 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, ... | What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903? | What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903? | [
"What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903?"
] | {
"text": [
"Middle Congo"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59004 | 5a303a45f1f7c7001ab92cec | A_cappella | While worship in the Temple in Jerusalem included musical instruments (2 Chronicles 29:25–27), traditional Jewish religious services in the Synagogue, both before and after the last destruction of the Temple, did not include musical instruments given the practice of scriptural cantillation. The use of musical instrumen... | When do Jewish families use musical instruments when singing Sabbath songs? | When do Jewish families use musical instruments when singing Sabbath songs? | [
"When do Jewish families use musical instruments when singing Sabbath songs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96229 | 5728d7142ca10214002da919 | Paris | In 2012 the Paris agglomeration (urban area) counted 28,800 people without a fixed residence, an increase of 84 percent since 2001; it represents 43 percent of the homeless in all of France. Forty-one percent were women, and 29 percent were accompanied by children. Fifty-six percent of the homeless were born outside Fr... | What percentage of homelessness in France does Paris house? | What percentage of homelessness in France does Paris house? | [
"What percentage of homelessness in France does Paris house?"
] | {
"text": [
"43"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14398 | 572f6dde04bcaa1900d76940 | Han_dynasty | The early Western Han court simultaneously accepted the philosophical teachings of Legalism, Huang-Lao Daoism, and Confucianism in making state decisions and shaping government policy. However, the Han court under Emperor Wu gave Confucianism exclusive patronage. He abolished all academic chairs or erudites (bóshì 博士) ... | Who put an end to all erudites? | Who put an end to all erudites? | [
"Who put an end to all erudites?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emperor Wu"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64154 | 5728318bff5b5019007d9ed1 | Annelid | Earthworms make a significant contribution to soil fertility. The rear end of the Palolo worm, a marine polychaete that tunnels through coral, detaches in order to spawn at the surface, and the people of Samoa regard these spawning modules as a delicacy. Anglers sometimes find that worms are more effective bait than ar... | What do some polychaetes eat that has been causing problems? | What do some polychaetes eat that has been causing problems? | [
"What do some polychaetes eat that has been causing problems?"
] | {
"text": [
"molluscs"
],
"answer_start": [
630
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55967 | 56e7993000c9c71400d77351 | Arena_Football_League | The first game in Arena Football League history was played on June 19, 1987, between the Gladiators and Commandos at Pittsburgh Civic Arena in front of 12,117 fans. The game was deliberately not televised so that it could be analyzed and any follies and failures would not be subject to national public scrutiny. Followi... | On what date was the inaugural game of the AFL played? | On what date was the inaugural game of the AFL played? | [
"On what date was the inaugural game of the AFL played?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 19, 1987"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113925 | 5a56dd956349e2001acdcfb9 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | In April 2008, a £90m contract was signed with Boeing for a "quick fix" solution, so they can fly by 2010: QinetiQ will downgrade the Chinooks—stripping out some of their more advanced equipment. | When was a contract signed for more advanced equipment? | When was a contract signed for more advanced equipment? | [
"When was a contract signed for more advanced equipment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107153 | 57361c88012e2f140011a1ab | Hunting | Each year, nearly $200 million in hunters' federal excise taxes are distributed to state agencies to support wildlife management programs, the purchase of lands open to hunters, and hunter education and safety classes. Since 1934, the sale of Federal Duck Stamps, a required purchase for migratory waterfowl hunters over... | Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what? | Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what? | [
"Park rangers and game wardens enforce laws and regulations related to what?"
] | {
"text": [
"hunting"
],
"answer_start": [
802
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51020 | 572fae7a947a6a140053cb68 | Seven_Years%27_War | Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and militar... | What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war? | What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war? | [
"What happened to Austrian prestige due to the war?"
] | {
"text": [
"Austria's prestige was restored in great part"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20502 | 56ce750daab44d1400b887b2 | IPod | In mid-2015, a new model of the iPod Touch was announced by Apple, and was officially released on the Apple store on July 15, 2015. The sixth generation iPod Touch includes a wide variety of spec improvements such as the upgraded A8 processor and higher-quality screen. The core is over 5 times faster than previous mode... | In what year was the most recent iPod Touch released? | In what year was the most recent iPod Touch released? | [
"In what year was the most recent iPod Touch released?"
] | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46213 | 5ad3dbad604f3c001a3ff3d0 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Jehovah's Witnesses believe their highest allegiance belongs to God's kingdom, which is viewed as an actual government in heaven, with Christ as king. They remain politically neutral, do not seek public office, and are discouraged from voting, though individual members may participate in uncontroversial community impro... | What is one of the Protestant religions that thinks celebrating things other than Jesus are ok? | What is one of the Protestant religions that thinks celebrating things other than Jesus are ok? | [
"What is one of the Protestant religions that thinks celebrating things other than Jesus are ok?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6302 | 572805603acd2414000df27a | PlayStation_3 | Sony officially unveiled PlayStation 3 (then marketed as PLAYSTATION 3) to the public on May 16, 2005, at E3 2005, along with a 'boomerang' shaped prototype design of the Sixaxis controller. A functional version of the system was not present there, nor at the Tokyo Game Show in September 2005, although demonstrations (... | What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3? | What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3? | [
"What event did Sony take the PlayStation 3 to four months after E3?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tokyo Game Show"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8522 | 56df4fa496943c1400a5d36f | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't... | Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution? | Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution? | [
"Which government was overthrown during the October Revolution?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Russian Provisional Government"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71730 | 56f8fc749e9bad19000a07a5 | Near_East | Although racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East are no longer considered ideologically sound, the sentiment of unity persists. For much, but by no means all, of the Middle East, the predominance of Islam lends some unity, as does the transient accident of geographical continuity. Otherwise there is but litt... | What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered? | What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered? | [
"What are racial and colonial definitions of the Middle East considered?"
] | {
"text": [
"no longer considered ideologically sound"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67996 | 5ad41c52604f3c001a400576 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Clinton returned in 1780 with 14,000 soldiers. American General Benjamin Lincoln was trapped and surrendered his entire 5,400-man force after a long fight, and the Siege of Charles Towne was the greatest American defeat of the war. Several Americans who escaped the carnage joined other militias, including those of Fran... | Who was the leader of the American forces attacking Charles Towne? | Who was the leader of the American forces attacking Charles Towne? | [
"Who was the leader of the American forces attacking Charles Towne?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103163 | 571a441a10f8ca1400304f94 | Multiracial_American | Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater nu... | Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing? | Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing? | [
"Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing?"
] | {
"text": [
"white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them"
],
"answer_start": [
174
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43823 | 56d460ca2ccc5a1400d83103 | Kanye_West | 808s & Heartbreak, which features extensive use of the eponymous Roland TR-808 drum machine and contains themes of love, loneliness, and heartache, was released by Island Def Jam to capitalize on Thanksgiving weekend in November 2008. Reviews were positive, though slightly more mixed than his previous efforts. Despite ... | 808s & Heartbreak was released by what company? | 808s & Heartbreak was released by what company? | [
"808s & Heartbreak was released by what company? "
] | {
"text": [
"Island Def Jam"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99336 | 5a8a37a53b2508001a72a849 | 51st_state | In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense... | What was a consequence of adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty? | What was a consequence of adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty? | [
"What was a consequence of adopting proposals intended to resolve the issue of Quebec sovereignty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23545 | 5731dd32e17f3d14004224bc | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Jeffries and Ryan argue that no-aid position drew support from a coalition of separationist opinion. Most important was "the pervasive secularism that came to dominate American public life," which sought to confine religion to a private sphere. Further, the ban against government aid to religious schools was supported ... | What diminished after 1980? | What diminished after 1980? | [
"What diminished after 1980?"
] | {
"text": [
"anti-Catholic sentiment"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1084 | 5a848fe67cf838001a46a948 | Endangered_Species_Act | The "No Surprises" rule is meant to protect the landowner if "unforeseen circumstances" occur which make the landowner's efforts to prevent or mitigate harm to the species fall short. The "No Surprises" policy may be the most controversial of the recent reforms of the law, because once an Incidental Take Permit is gran... | What does the No Surprises rule requires landowners to put aside? | What does the No Surprises rule requires landowners to put aside? | [
"What does the No Surprises rule requires landowners to put aside?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2491 | 56d23d72b329da140004ec4e | Buddhism | Regarding the monastic rules, the Buddha constantly reminds his hearers that it is the spirit that counts. On the other hand, the rules themselves are designed to assure a satisfying life, and provide a perfect springboard for the higher attainments. Monastics are instructed by the Buddha to live as "islands unto thems... | The rules are a perfect springboard for what? | The rules are a perfect springboard for what? | [
"The rules are a perfect springboard for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"higher attainments"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84670 | 573019ca04bcaa1900d77198 | San_Diego | In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% o... | In 2000, what was the median salary for females in San Diego? | In 2000, what was the median salary for females in San Diego? | [
"In 2000, what was the median salary for females in San Diego?"
] | {
"text": [
"$31,076"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65287 | 5726eef8f1498d1400e8f056 | Crimean_War | In June 1854, the Allied expeditionary force landed at Varna, a city on the Black Sea's western coast (now in Bulgaria). They made little advance from their base there.:175–176 In July 1854, the Turks under Omar Pasha crossed the Danube into Wallachia and on 7 July 1854, engaged the Russians in the city of Giurgiu and ... | In what year did the Turks cross the Danube into Wallachia ? | In what year did the Turks cross the Danube into Wallachia ? | [
"In what year did the Turks cross the Danube into Wallachia ?"
] | {
"text": [
"1854"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99332 | 5a8a37a53b2508001a72a845 | 51st_state | In Canada, "the 51st state" is a phrase generally used in such a way as to imply that if a certain political course is taken, Canada's destiny will be as little more than a part of the United States. Examples include the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement in 1988, the debate over the creation of a common defense... | What is another connotation for the 1999 label? | What is another connotation for the 1999 label? | [
"What is another connotation for the 1999 label?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15077 | 572efe44dfa6aa1500f8d52b | Hyderabad | Hyderabad was historically known as a pearl and diamond trading centre, and it continues to be known as the City of Pearls. Many of the city's traditional bazaars, including Laad Bazaar, Begum Bazaar and Sultan Bazaar, have remained open for centuries. However, industrialisation throughout the 20th century attracted ma... | What items had been historically traded in Hyderabad? | What items had been historically traded in Hyderabad? | [
"What items had been historically traded in Hyderabad?"
] | {
"text": [
"pearl and diamond"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1552 | 57317859a5e9cc1400cdbf9b | Mosaic | Only scant remains prove that mosaics were still used in the Early Middle Ages. The Abbey of Saint-Martial in Limoges, originally an important place of pilgrimage, was totally demolished during the French Revolution except its crypt which was rediscovered in the 1960s. A mosaic panel was unearthed which was dated to th... | What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages? | What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages? | [
"What proves mosaics were used in the early middle ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"scant remains"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83586 | 5727ff4d2ca10214002d9af9 | Dominican_Order | Concerning humanity as the image of Christ, English Dominican spirituality concentrated on the moral implications of image-bearing rather than the philosophical foundations of the imago Dei. The process of Christ's life, and the process of image-bearing, amends humanity to God's image. The idea of the "image of God" de... | What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on? | What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on? | [
"What did the English Dominicans like to concentrate on?"
] | {
"text": [
"moral implications of image-bearing"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99887 | 56fb942cb28b3419009f1e54 | Middle_Ages | In agriculture, the increased usage of sheep with long-fibred wool allowed a stronger thread to be spun. In addition, the spinning wheel replaced the traditional distaff for spinning wool, tripling production.[AI] A less technological refinement that still greatly affected daily life was the use of buttons as closures ... | What new type of windmill was invented in this period? | What new type of windmill was invented in this period? | [
"What new type of windmill was invented in this period?"
] | {
"text": [
"the tower mill"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27835 | 5acd409f07355d001abf3a69 | Energy | Sunlight may be stored as gravitational potential energy after it strikes the Earth, as (for example) water evaporates from oceans and is deposited upon mountains (where, after being released at a hydroelectric dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce electricity). Sunlight also drives many weathe... | after being released at a wind powered dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce what? | after being released at a wind powered dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce what? | [
"after being released at a wind powered dam, it can be used to drive turbines or generators to produce what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47185 | 5726d525708984140094d2b8 | Madonna_(entertainer) | The 1998 edition of Guinness Book of World Records stated: "No female artist has sold more records than Madonna around the world". In 1999 Madonna signed to play a violin teacher in the film Music of the Heart but left the project, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven. She recorded the single "Beautif... | Which film did Madonna record the single Beautiful Stranger for? | Which film did Madonna record the single Beautiful Stranger for? | [
"Which film did Madonna record the single Beautiful Stranger for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beautiful Stranger"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51350 | 572b36debe1ee31400cb82ac | Empiricism | Hume maintained that all knowledge, even the most basic beliefs about the natural world, cannot be conclusively established by reason. Rather, he maintained, our beliefs are more a result of accumulated habits, developed in response to accumulated sense experiences. Among his many arguments Hume also added another impo... | What did Hume think our beliefs can't be established solely by? | What did Hume think our beliefs can't be established solely by? | [
"What did Hume think our beliefs can't be established solely by?"
] | {
"text": [
"reason"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9134 | 573258c4b9d445190005ea7b | The_Bronx | There are three primary shopping centers in the Bronx: The Hub, Gateway Center and Southern Boulevard. The Hub–Third Avenue Business Improvement District (B.I.D.), in The Hub, is the retail heart of the South Bronx, located where four roads converge: East 149th Street, Willis, Melrose and Third Avenues. It is primarily... | What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway? | What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway? | [
"What in the Bronx has been compared to Broadway?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Hub"
],
"answer_start": [
414
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7418 | 572f5bcfa23a5019007fc59b | Database | Formally, a "database" refers to a set of related data and the way it is organized. Access to these data is usually provided by a "database management system" (DBMS) consisting of an integrated set of computer software that allows users to interact with one or more databases and provides access to all of the data conta... | How is data accessed? | How is data accessed? | [
"How is data accessed?"
] | {
"text": [
"by a \"database management system\" (DBMS)"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52663 | 57297608af94a219006aa475 | Planck_constant | There are a number of proposals to redefine certain of the SI base units in terms of fundamental physical constants. This has already been done for the metre, which is defined in terms of a fixed value of the speed of light. The most urgent unit on the list for redefinition is the kilogram, whose value has been fixed f... | What alloy is the base unit of the kilogram made from? | What alloy is the base unit of the kilogram made from? | [
"What alloy is the base unit of the kilogram made from?"
] | {
"text": [
"platinum–iridium"
],
"answer_start": [
383
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37816 | 572fc41804bcaa1900d76cbd | Roman_Republic | This growing coalition expanded the potential enemies that Rome might face, and moved Rome closer to confrontation with major powers. The result was more alliance-seeking, on the part of both the Roman confederacy and city-states seeking membership (and protection) within that confederacy. While there were exceptions t... | What towns had chosen Hannibal's side? | What towns had chosen Hannibal's side? | [
"What towns had chosen Hannibal's side?"
] | {
"text": [
"southern Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42439 | 5ad27cb0d7d075001a429699 | Karl_Popper | Gray does not, however, give any indication of what available evidence these theories were at odds with, and his appeal to "crucial support" illustrates the very inductivist approach to science that Popper sought to show was logically illegitimate. For, according to Popper, Einstein's theory was at least equally as wel... | What was not deemed suitable for tentative acceptance? | What was not deemed suitable for tentative acceptance? | [
"What was not deemed suitable for tentative acceptance? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84449 | 572fd71ba23a5019007fca74 | San_Diego | In 1821, Mexico won its independence from Spain, and San Diego became part of the Mexican territory of Alta California. In 1822, Mexico began attempting to extend its authority over the coastal territory of Alta California. The fort on Presidio Hill was gradually abandoned, while the town of San Diego grew up on the le... | What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821? | What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821? | [
"What was the name of the Mexican territory San Diego became part of in 1821?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alta California"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40556 | 5ad690ae191832001aa7b220 | Paper | The density of paper ranges from 250 kg/m3 (16 lb/cu ft) for tissue paper to 1,500 kg/m3 (94 lb/cu ft) for some speciality paper. Printing paper is about 800 kg/m3 (50 lb/cu ft). | What is the uncommon density of printing paper? | What is the uncommon density of printing paper? | [
" What is the uncommon density of printing paper?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53663 | 56e82c3737bdd419002c448d | Dialect | The situation in Switzerland and Liechtenstein is different from the rest of the German-speaking countries. The Swiss German dialects are the default everyday language in virtually every situation, whereas standard German is seldom spoken. Some Swiss German speakers perceive standard German to be a foreign language. | What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland? | What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland? | [
"What dialect of German is rarely heard in Switzerland?"
] | {
"text": [
"standard German"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55733 | 5a0ce2a9f5590b0018dab62e | Clothing | Physically, clothing serves many purposes: it can serve as protection from the elements, and can enhance safety during hazardous activities such as hiking and cooking. It protects the wearer from rough surfaces, rash-causing plants, insect bites, splinters, thorns and prickles by providing a barrier between the skin an... | What helps keep you warm in hot conditions? | What helps keep you warm in hot conditions? | [
"What helps keep you warm in hot conditions?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55094 | 570a87566d058f1900182f55 | Everton_F.C. | Everton's second successful era started when Harry Catterick was made manager in 1961. In 1962–63, his second season in charge, Everton won the League title and in 1966 the FA Cup followed with a 3–2 win over Sheffield Wednesday. Everton again reached the final in 1968, but this time were unable to overcome West Bromwi... | In what year did Everton lose the FA cup final to West Bromwich Albion? | In what year did Everton lose the FA cup final to West Bromwich Albion? | [
"In what year did Everton lose the FA cup final to West Bromwich Albion?"
] | {
"text": [
"Wembley"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101628 | 56d5dcee1c85041400946e4a | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | What is gustatory communication include in dogs? | What is gustatory communication include in dogs? | [
"What is gustatory communication include in dogs?"
] | {
"text": [
"scents, pheromones and taste"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91115 | 572ac956be1ee31400cb824b | John_Kerry | Kerry and his second wife, Mozambican-born businesswoman and philanthropist Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira (known as Teresa), the widow of Kerry's late Pennsylvania Republican Senate colleague Henry John Heinz III, were introduced to each other by Heinz at an Earth Day rally in 1990. Early the following year, ... | Who is Kerry's 2nd wife? | Who is Kerry's 2nd wife? | [
"Who is Kerry's 2nd wife?"
] | {
"text": [
"Maria Teresa Thierstein Simões Ferreira"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2142 | 56d07602234ae51400d9c2f5 | Buddhism | Buddhist schools vary on the exact nature of the path to liberation, the importance and canonicity of various teachings and scriptures, and especially their respective practices. Buddhism denies a creator deity and posits that mundane deities such as Mahabrahma are misperceived to be a creator. The foundations of Buddh... | What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism? | What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism? | [
"What is one of the Ten Meritorious Deeds of Buddhism?"
] | {
"text": [
"cultivation of higher wisdom and discernment"
],
"answer_start": [
856
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14999 | 573384984776f41900660c72 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Process theology typically stresses God's relational nature. Rather than seeing God as impassive or emotionless, process theologians view God as "the fellow sufferer who understands", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events. Hartshorne points out that people would not praise a human ruler who was ... | How is God usually perceived by process theologians? | How is God usually perceived by process theologians? | [
"How is God usually perceived by process theologians?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"the fellow sufferer who understands\", and as the being who is supremely affected by temporal events"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22497 | 5a3636d5788daf001a5f878f | Himachal_Pradesh | Though situated in a remote part of the country, Himachal Pradesh has an active community of journalists and publishers. Several newspapers and magazines are published in more than one language, and their reach extends to almost all the Hindi-speaking states. Radio and TV have permeated significantly. Judging by the nu... | What has grown in a remote part of the country? | What has grown in a remote part of the country? | [
"What has grown in a remote part of the country?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79537 | 5ad00aa277cf76001a6867eb | Kievan_Rus%27 | The Chronicle provides a mythic tale of Oleg's death. A sorcerer prophesies that the death of the Grand Prince would be associated with a certain horse. Oleg has the horse sequestered, and it later dies. Oleg goes to visit the horse and stands over the carcass, gloating that he had outlived the threat, when a snake str... | What year did Oleg die? | What year did Oleg die? | [
"What year did Oleg die?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32329 | 5ad2d616d7d075001a42a3fe | Antarctica | On 6 September 2007, Belgian-based International Polar Foundation unveiled the Princess Elisabeth station, the world's first zero-emissions polar science station in Antarctica to research climate change. Costing $16.3 million, the prefabricated station, which is part of the International Polar Year, was shipped to the ... | Who is Alain Berte? | Who is Alain Berte? | [
"Who is Alain Berte?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81690 | 57063ba175f01819005e7aa6 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 17.037 square miles (44.125 km2), including 10.747 square miles (27.835 km2) of land and 6.290 square miles (16.290 km2) of water (36.92%). | What organization provided data detailing the size of the city? | What organization provided data detailing the size of the city? | [
"What organization provided data detailing the size of the city?"
] | {
"text": [
"United States Census Bureau"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104764 | 573357204776f41900660853 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | In a June 2008 speech, President and CEO of the New York Federal Reserve Bank Timothy Geithner—who in 2009 became Secretary of the United States Treasury—placed significant blame for the freezing of credit markets on a "run" on the entities in the "parallel" banking system, also called the shadow banking system. These ... | What is the "parallel" banking system also called? | What is the "parallel" banking system also called? | [
"What is the \"parallel\" banking system also called?"
] | {
"text": [
"shadow banking system"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110532 | 572670f2708984140094c618 | Professional_wrestling | The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when Mildred Burke won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacat... | What year did Mildred Burke retire? | What year did Mildred Burke retire? | [
"What year did Mildred Burke retire? "
] | {
"text": [
"1956"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2327 | 56d0a987234ae51400d9c408 | Buddhism | While he searched for enlightenment, Gautama combined the yoga practice of his teacher Kalama with what later became known as "the immeasurables".[dubious – discuss] Gautama thus invented a new kind of human, one without egotism.[dubious – discuss] What Thich Nhat Hanh calls the "Four Immeasurable Minds" of love, compa... | The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what? | The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what? | [
"The Four Immeasurables are taught as a form of meditation that cultivates what?"
] | {
"text": [
"wholesome attitudes towards all sentient beings"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85895 | 5ad2ad96d7d075001a429edb | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In response to these hardware flaws, "Nintendo Authorized Repair Centers" sprang up across the U.S. According to Nintendo, the authorization program was designed to ensure that the machines were properly repaired. Nintendo would ship the necessary replacement parts only to shops that had enrolled in the authorization p... | What did the repair centers not promise? | What did the repair centers not promise? | [
" What did the repair centers not promise?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98747 | 56de6f914396321400ee28c3 | Heresy | Heresy is any provocative belief or theory that is strongly at variance with established beliefs or customs. A heretic is a proponent of such claims or beliefs. Heresy is distinct from both apostasy, which is the explicit renunciation of one's religion, principles or cause, and blasphemy, which is an impious utterance ... | What is heresy mainly at odds with? | What is heresy mainly at odds with? | [
"What is heresy mainly at odds with?"
] | {
"text": [
"established beliefs or customs"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98692 | 57268cd2f1498d1400e8e372 | Marvel_Comics | With the new millennium, Marvel Comics emerged from bankruptcy and again began diversifying its offerings. In 2001, Marvel withdrew from the Comics Code Authority and established its own Marvel Rating System for comics. The first title from this era to not have the code was X-Force #119 (October 2001). Marvel also crea... | What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content? | What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content? | [
"What was the name of the adult themed comics imprint for Marvel with more explicit content?"
] | {
"text": [
"MAX"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35260 | 5ad0c3b4645df0001a2d0248 | Gothic_architecture | The greatest number of surviving Gothic buildings are churches. These range from tiny chapels to large cathedrals, and although many have been extended and altered in different styles, a large number remain either substantially intact or sympathetically restored, demonstrating the form, character and decoration of Goth... | What is the only region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? | What is the only region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with? | [
"What is the only region with which the Gothic style is distinctly connected with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8577 | 56df56bf8bc80c19004e4acc | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The Soviet regime first came to power on November 7, 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown in the October Revolution. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five mont... | Which government was in power before the Soviet regime? | Which government was in power before the Soviet regime? | [
"Which government was in power before the Soviet regime?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Russian Provisional Government"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27615 | 573029e904bcaa1900d77294 | Liberia | Following a peak in growth in 1979, the Liberian economy began a steady decline due to economic mismanagement following the 1980 coup. This decline was accelerated by the outbreak of civil war in 1989; GDP was reduced by an estimated 90% between 1989 and 1995, one of the fastest declines in history. Upon the end of the... | Why was Liberia's GDP growth stalled in 2007? | Why was Liberia's GDP growth stalled in 2007? | [
"Why was Liberia's GDP growth stalled in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"The global financial crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16299 | 5731773c497a881900248f29 | Muammar_Gaddafi | After the 1969 coup, representatives of the Four Powers – France, the United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union – were called to meet RCC representatives. The U.K. and U.S. quickly extended diplomatic recognition, hoping to secure the position of their military bases in Libya and fearing further instabilit... | Who removed their Libyan military bases in March of 1970? | Who removed their Libyan military bases in March of 1970? | [
"Who removed their Libyan military bases in March of 1970?"
] | {
"text": [
"British"
],
"answer_start": [
928
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15244 | 572fa7a8b2c2fd14005682c2 | Hyderabad | South Indian music and dances such as the Kuchipudi and Bharatanatyam styles are popular in the Deccan region. As a result of their culture policies, North Indian music and dance gained popularity during the rule of the Mughals and Nizams, and it was also during their reign that it became a tradition among the nobility... | What kind of music is dholak ke geet? | What kind of music is dholak ke geet? | [
"What kind of music is dholak ke geet?"
] | {
"text": [
"songs based on local Folklore"
],
"answer_start": [
761
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114023 | 5a42c1514a4859001aac72e4 | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Leibniz describes a space that exists only as a relation between objects, and which has no existence apart from the existence of those objects. Motion exists only as a relation between those objects. Newtonian space provided the absolute frame of reference within which objects can have motion. In Newton's system, the f... | What exists as a relationship between space and objects? | What exists as a relationship between space and objects? | [
"What exists as a relationship between space and objects?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11728 | 56fae1078f12f31900630225 | Somalis | There is a sizable Somali community in the United Arab Emirates. Somali-owned businesses line the streets of Deira, the Dubai city centre, with only Iranians exporting more products from the city at large. Internet cafés, hotels, coffee shops, restaurants and import-export businesses are all testimony to the Somalis' e... | People of what nationality export more products from Dubai than Somalis? | People of what nationality export more products from Dubai than Somalis? | [
"People of what nationality export more products from Dubai than Somalis?"
] | {
"text": [
"Iranians"
],
"answer_start": [
149
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6330 | 572807bb3acd2414000df2b4 | PlayStation_3 | On September 6, 2006, Sony announced that PAL region PlayStation 3 launch would be delayed until March 2007, because of a shortage of materials used in the Blu-ray drive. At the Tokyo Game Show on September 22, 2006, Sony announced that it would include an HDMI port on the 20 GB system, but a chrome trim, flash card re... | Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with an open pricing scheme? | Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with an open pricing scheme? | [
"Where did Sony offer the 60 GB model with an open pricing scheme?"
] | {
"text": [
"Japan"
],
"answer_start": [
512
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91880 | 57273abddd62a815002e99d0 | Cotton | The advent of the Industrial Revolution in Britain provided a great boost to cotton manufacture, as textiles emerged as Britain's leading export. In 1738, Lewis Paul and John Wyatt, of Birmingham, England, patented the roller spinning machine, as well as the flyer-and-bobbin system for drawing cotton to a more even thi... | Whic British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its cotton production? | Whic British city was nicknamed "Cottonopolis" because of its cotton production? | [
"Whic British city was nicknamed \"Cottonopolis\" because of its cotton production?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manchester"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84690 | 57301d1da23a5019007fcdaa | San_Diego | The city shares a 15-mile (24 km) border with Mexico that includes two border crossings. San Diego hosts the busiest international border crossing in the world, in the San Ysidro neighborhood at the San Ysidro Port of Entry. A second, primarily commercial border crossing operates in the Otay Mesa area; it is the larges... | What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing? | What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing? | [
"What is the volumte of trucks handled at the Otay Mesa crossing?"
] | {
"text": [
"the third-highest volume of trucks and dollar value of trade among all United States-Mexico land crossings."
],
"answer_start": [
395
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19239 | 5733fb0cd058e614000b66f9 | Premier_League | The record transfer fee for a Premier League player has risen steadily over the lifetime of the competition. Prior to the start of the first Premier League season Alan Shearer became the first British player to command a transfer fee of more than £3 million. The record rose steadily in the Premier League's first few se... | For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013? | For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013? | [
"For how much did Tottenham Hotspur sell Gareth Bale to Real Madrid for in 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"£85 million"
],
"answer_start": [
573
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15068 | 572efb57dfa6aa1500f8d518 | Hyderabad | Established in 1591 by Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah, Hyderabad remained under the rule of the Qutb Shahi dynasty for nearly a century before the Mughals captured the region. In 1724, Mughal viceroy Asif Jah I declared his sovereignty and created his own dynasty, known as the Nizams of Hyderabad. The Nizam's dominions became... | Who is the person that established Hyderabad? | Who is the person that established Hyderabad? | [
"Who is the person that established Hyderabad?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68992 | 572f74b6947a6a140053c97c | Modern_history | The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and then in other places. In the wake of the October Revolution, th... | What was Bolshevik's main military force? | What was Bolshevik's main military force? | [
"What was Bolshevik's main military force?"
] | {
"text": [
"volunteer-based Red Guard"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4305 | 56dda3d266d3e219004dac8f | Institute_of_technology | Institute of technology (also: university of technology, polytechnic university, technikon, and technical college) is a designation employed for a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system. It may be an institution of higher ... | What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology? | What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology? | [
"What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology?"
] | {
"text": [
"IT"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81127 | 5723ec9f0dadf01500fa1fa8 | Queen_Victoria | After the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the British East India Company, which had ruled much of India, was dissolved, and Britain's possessions and protectorates on the Indian subcontinent were formally incorporated into the British Empire. The Queen had a relatively balanced view of the conflict, and condemned atrocities ... | What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion? | What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion? | [
"What company was dissolved after the Indian Rebellion?"
] | {
"text": [
"British East India Company"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63081 | 572b8eb4111d821400f38f08 | Czech_language | During the revival, in 1809 linguist and historian Josef Dobrovský released a German-language grammar of Old Czech entitled Ausführliches Lehrgebäude der böhmischen Sprache (Comprehensive Doctrine of the Bohemian Language). Dobrovský had intended his book to be descriptive, and did not think Czech had a realistic chanc... | What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as? | What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as? | [
"What didn't Dobrovský think Czech had a chance of returning as?"
] | {
"text": [
"a major language"
],
"answer_start": [
338
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107984 | 5acd2d8207355d001abf3802 | Estonian_language | The domination of Estonia after the Northern Crusades, from the 13th century to 1918 by Denmark, Germany, Sweden, and Russia delayed indigenous literacy in Estonia.[citation needed] | What country was involved in the Eastern Crusades? | What country was involved in the Eastern Crusades? | [
"What country was involved in the Eastern Crusades?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84524 | 5ad4bdaa5b96ef001a109ecf | San_Diego | During World War II, San Diego became a major hub of military and defense activity, due to the presence of so many military installations and defense manufacturers. The city's population grew rapidly during and after World War II, more than doubling between 1930 (147,995) and 1950 (333,865). During the final months of ... | What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Francisco? | What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Francisco? | [
"What was the name of the attack the Japanese had planned against San Francisco?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38699 | 570c49c2fed7b91900d4583a | FC_Barcelona | Founded in 1899 by a group of Swiss, English and Catalan footballers led by Joan Gamper, the club has become a symbol of Catalan culture and Catalanism, hence the motto "Més que un club" (More than a club). Unlike many other football clubs, the supporters own and operate Barcelona. It is the second most valuable sports... | Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club? | Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club? | [
"Who led the founders of the Barcelona football club?"
] | {
"text": [
"Joan Gamper"
],
"answer_start": [
76
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-191 | 56f8e6839e9bad19000a06cb | Guinea-Bissau | Malaria kills more residents; 9% of the population have reported infection, It causes three times as many deaths as AIDS. In 2008, fewer than half of children younger than five slept under antimalaria nets or had access to antimalarial drugs. | What percentage of the population has Malaria? | What percentage of the population has Malaria? | [
"What percentage of the population has Malaria?"
] | {
"text": [
"9%"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16346 | 57317cc7a5e9cc1400cdbfcd | Muammar_Gaddafi | Following Anwar Sadat's ascension to the Egyptian presidency, Libya's relations with Egypt deteriorated. Sadat was perturbed by Gaddafi's unpredictability and insistence that Egypt required a cultural revolution. In February 1973, Israeli forces shot down Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114, which had strayed from Egyptian... | Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2? | Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2? | [
"Jews from what nation chartered the RMS Queen Elizabeth 2?"
] | {
"text": [
"American"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58328 | 5a2e0066f28ef0001a5266e1 | Federal_Aviation_Administration | The Air Commerce Act of May 20, 1926, is the cornerstone of the federal government's regulation of civil aviation. This landmark legislation was passed at the urging of the aviation industry, whose leaders believed the airplane could not reach its full commercial potential without federal action to improve and maintain... | What department did the Aeronautic Branch create? | What department did the Aeronautic Branch create? | [
"What department did the Aeronautic Branch create?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28337 | 5731c9b6e17f3d14004223ec | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg was scheduled to shoot a $200 million adaptation of Daniel H. Wilson's novel Robopocalypse, adapted for the screen by Drew Goddard. The film would follow a global human war against a robot uprising about 15–20 years in the future. Like Lincoln, it was to be released by Disney in the United States and Fox over... | Who was going to star in 'Robopocalypse'? | Who was going to star in 'Robopocalypse'? | [
"Who was going to star in 'Robopocalypse'?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anne Hathaway and Chris Hemsworth"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59951 | 56f98b129e9bad19000a0a85 | Zhejiang | Several political figures who served as Zhejiang's top political office of Communist Party Secretary have played key roles in various events in PRC history. Tan Zhenlin (term 1949-1952), the inaugural Party Secretary, was one of the leading voices against Mao's Cultural Revolution during the so-called February Counterc... | When was the case against the Gang of Four? | When was the case against the Gang of Four? | [
"When was the case against the Gang of Four?"
] | {
"text": [
"1980"
],
"answer_start": [
449
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85629 | 5711181cb654c5140001fb3e | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The system was originally targeted for release in the spring of 1985, but the release date was pushed back. After test-marketing in the New York City area in late fall, retailers had reportedly stated the system "failed miserably".[contradictory] While others stated that Nintendo had an excellent nine-week market test ... | When was the nationwide release of the NES? | When was the nationwide release of the NES? | [
"When was the nationwide release of the NES?"
] | {
"text": [
"September 1986"
],
"answer_start": [
531
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61778 | 5ace3c7932bba1001ae49fc6 | Madrasa | The first institute of madrasa education was at the estate of Hazrat Zaid bin Arkam near a hill called Safa, where Hazrat Muhammad was the teacher and the students were some of his followers.[citation needed] After Hijrah (migration) the madrasa of "Suffa" was established in Madina on the east side of the Al-Masjid an-... | What martial arts was taught in the early madaris? | What martial arts was taught in the early madaris? | [
"What martial arts was taught in the early madaris?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76135 | 5a4d7eb1755ab9001a10f411 | Web_browser | Web browsers consist of a user interface, layout engine, rendering engine, JavaScript interpreter, UI backend, networking component and data persistence component. These components achieve different functionalities of a web browser and together provide all capabilities of a web browser. | What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other? | What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other? | [
"What do a rendering engine and a user interface create when only used with each other?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77009 | 57267b49f1498d1400e8e14a | Dutch_language | Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phon... | What does the Dutch word "kroes" mean in English? | What does the Dutch word "kroes" mean in English? | [
"What does the Dutch word \"kroes\" mean in English?"
] | {
"text": [
"mug"
],
"answer_start": [
892
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91132 | 572aca63f75d5e190021fcd6 | John_Kerry | Kerry told Christianity Today in October 2004 "I'm a Catholic and I practice, but at the same time I have an open-mindedness to many other expressions of spirituality that come through different religions... I've spent some time reading and thinking about religion and trying to study it, and I've arrived at not so much... | What did Kerry say about major religious texts? | What did Kerry say about major religious texts? | [
"What did Kerry say about major religious texts?"
] | {
"text": [
"he believed that the Torah, the Qur'an, and the Bible all share a fundamental story"
],
"answer_start": [
412
]
} |
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