gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-36419 | 57302051947a6a140053d14f | Printed_circuit_board | The Austrian engineer Paul Eisler invented the printed circuit as part of a radio set while working in England around 1936. Around 1943 the USA began to use the technology on a large scale to make proximity fuses for use in World War II. After the war, in 1948, the USA released the invention for commercial use. Printed... | Who was working on the same type of large-scale application of printed circuits as the U.S. in Britain in the mid-1950s? | Who was working on the same type of large-scale application of printed circuits as the U.S. in Britain in the mid-1950s? | [
"Who was working on the same type of large-scale application of printed circuits as the U.S. in Britain in the mid-1950s?"
] | {
"text": [
"Geoffrey Dummer"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46181 | 57324d2ae99e3014001e6686 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | Divorce is discouraged, and remarriage is forbidden unless a divorce is obtained on the grounds of adultery, which they refer to as "a scriptural divorce". If a divorce is obtained for any other reason, remarriage is considered adulterous unless the prior spouse has died or is since considered to have committed sexual ... | What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery? | What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery? | [
"What do Jehovah Witnesses considered remarriage when the reason for divorce wasn't adultery?"
] | {
"text": [
"adulterous"
],
"answer_start": [
228
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106042 | 56e0fedde3433e1400422a74 | Space_Race | Meanwhile, the Soviet Union was having its own problems with Soyuz development. Engineers reported 200 design faults to party leaders, but their concerns "were overruled by political pressures for a series of space feats to mark the anniversary of Lenin's birthday."[citation needed] On April 24, 1967, the single pilot ... | Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death? | Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death? | [
"Who was the person credited with the first in-flight space death?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vladimir Komarov"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110114 | 5ad3fec3604f3c001a3ffc5f | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | In May 2014, Oklahoma Director of Corrections, Robert Patton, recommended an indefinite hold on executions in the state after the botched execution of African-American Clayton Lockett. The prisoner had to be tasered to restrain him prior to the execution, and the lethal injection missed a vein in his groin, resulting i... | As of May 2011, what was Robert Patton's job title? | As of May 2011, what was Robert Patton's job title? | [
"As of May 2011, what was Robert Patton's job title?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85548 | 571111f8a58dae1900cd6bc4 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The game pad controllers were more-or-less copied directly from the Game & Watch machines, although the Famicom design team originally wanted to use arcade-style joysticks, even taking apart ones from American game consoles to see how they worked. However, it was eventually decided that children might step on joysticks... | Who attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype? | Who attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype? | [
"Who attached a Game & Watch D-pad to the Famicom prototype?"
] | {
"text": [
"Katsuyah Nakawaka"
],
"answer_start": [
381
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67442 | 570a0ae44103511400d5951f | Hanover | After Napoleon imposed the Convention of Artlenburg (Convention of the Elbe) on July 5, 1803, about 30,000 French soldiers occupied Hanover. The Convention also required disbanding the army of Hanover. However, George III did not recognize the Convention of the Elbe. This resulted in a great number of soldiers from Han... | How many French soldiers occupied Hanover? | How many French soldiers occupied Hanover? | [
"How many French soldiers occupied Hanover?"
] | {
"text": [
"30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
100
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10248 | 5a7ffd938f0597001ac0012a | Symbiosis | Another non-obligate symbiosis is known from encrusting bryozoans and hermit crabs that live in a close relationship. The bryozoan colony (Acanthodesia commensale) develops a cirumrotatory growth and offers the crab (Pseudopagurus granulimanus) a helicospiral-tubular extension of its living chamber that initially was s... | What species of crab develops a cirumrotatory growth? | What species of crab develops a cirumrotatory growth? | [
"What species of crab develops a cirumrotatory growth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107076 | 57344fec879d6814001ca4ec | Hunting | Hunting is primarily regulated by state law; additional regulations are imposed through United States environmental law in the case of migratory birds and endangered species. Regulations vary widely from state to state and govern the areas, time periods, techniques and methods by which specific game animals may be hunt... | What do some states make a distinction between? | What do some states make a distinction between? | [
"What do some states make a distinction between?"
] | {
"text": [
"protected species and unprotected species"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75696 | 5727bc2a4b864d1900163be8 | Cubism | The original Cubist architecture is very rare. There is only one country in the world where Cubism was really applied to architecture – namely Bohemia (today Czech Republic) and especially its capital, Prague. Czech architects were the first and only ones in the world to ever design original Cubist buildings. Cubist ar... | Is original Cubist architecture rare? | Is original Cubist architecture rare? | [
"Is original Cubist architecture rare?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cubist architecture is very rare"
],
"answer_start": [
13
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52741 | 5a739ee142eae6001a38993a | Political_party | Although the Founding Fathers of the United States did not originally intend for American politics to be partisan, early political controversies in the 1790s over the extent of federal government powers saw the emergence of two proto-political parties- the Federalist Party and the Democratic-Republican Party, which wer... | How long was James Madison involved with the Federalist Party? | How long was James Madison involved with the Federalist Party? | [
"How long was James Madison involved with the Federalist Party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75441 | 5ad16905645df0001a2d1a28 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The party was a member of the Labour and Socialist International between 1923 and 1940. Since 1951 the party has been a member of the Socialist International, which was founded thanks to the efforts of the Clement Attlee leadership. However, in February 2013, the Labour Party NEC decided to downgrade participation to o... | When was the Progressive Alliance international disbanded? | When was the Progressive Alliance international disbanded? | [
"When was the Progressive Alliance international disbanded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16191 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf30 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Ga... | What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning? | What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning? | [
"What language did Gaddafi have difficulty learning?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27660 | 5730345ea23a5019007fcf7b | Liberia | In 2010, the literacy rate of Liberia was estimated at 60.8% (64.8% for males and 56.8% for females). In some areas primary and secondary education is free and compulsory from the ages of 6 to 16, though enforcement of attendance is lax. In other areas children are required to pay a tuition fee to attend school. On ave... | What was the literacy rate in Liberia in 2010? | What was the literacy rate in Liberia in 2010? | [
"What was the literacy rate in Liberia in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"60.8%"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86549 | 56e70bfcde9d371400068126 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | It was granted its Royal Charter in 1837 under King William IV. Supplemental Charters of 1887, 1909 and 1925 were replaced by a single Charter in 1971, and there have been minor amendments since then. | In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters? | In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters? | [
"In what years was the Royal Institute issued supplemental charters?"
] | {
"text": [
"1887, 1909 and 1925"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42881 | 570d604afed7b91900d45f75 | Franco-Prussian_War | French infantry were equipped with the breech-loading Chassepot rifle, one of the most modern mass-produced firearms in the world at the time. With a rubber ring seal and a smaller bullet, the Chassepot had a maximum effective range of some 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) with a short reloading time. French tactics emphasised ... | On what was the mitrailleuse mounted? | On what was the mitrailleuse mounted? | [
"On what was the mitrailleuse mounted?"
] | {
"text": [
"on an artillery gun carriage"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78716 | 573092c08ab72b1400f9c5a4 | Greeks | Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There a... | What is the religion of the Greek majority ? | What is the religion of the Greek majority ? | [
"What is the religion of the Greek majority ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christians"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46922 | 5a8c817cfd22b3001a8d897a | Textual_criticism | The bibliographer Ronald B. McKerrow introduced the term copy-text in his 1904 edition of the works of Thomas Nashe, defining it as "the text used in each particular case as the basis of mine." McKerrow was aware of the limitations of the stemmatic method, and believed it was more prudent to choose one particular text ... | When was Ronald B. McKerrow born? | When was Ronald B. McKerrow born? | [
"When was Ronald B. McKerrow born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47485 | 572fae41a23a5019007fc880 | Armenia | In 1920, Turkish nationalist forces invaded the fledgling Armenian republic from the east. Turkish forces under the command of Kazım Karabekir captured Armenian territories that Russia had annexed in the aftermath of the 1877–1878 Russo-Turkish War and occupied the old city of Alexandropol (present-day Gyumri). The vio... | When did the Armenian republic breakdown? | When did the Armenian republic breakdown? | [
"When did the Armenian republic breakdown?"
] | {
"text": [
"4 December"
],
"answer_start": [
780
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69713 | 5ad4956cba00c4001a268c93 | Windows_8 | Microsoft began an advertising campaign centered around Windows 8 and its Surface tablet in October 2012, starting with its first television advertisement premiering on October 14, 2012. Microsoft's advertising budget of US$1.5–1.8 billion was significantly larger than the US$200 million campaign used to promote Window... | When did Microsoft begin promoting Windows 9? | When did Microsoft begin promoting Windows 9? | [
"When did Microsoft begin promoting Windows 9?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37242 | 572798f7708984140094e1dd | Switzerland | Traditionally, Switzerland avoids alliances that might entail military, political, or direct economic action and has been neutral since the end of its expansion in 1515. Its policy of neutrality was internationally recognised at the Congress of Vienna in 1815. Only in 2002 did Switzerland become a full member of the Un... | When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized? | When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized? | [
"When was Switzerland's policy of neutrality internationally recognized?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress of Vienna in 1815"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112583 | 5aceb52432bba1001ae4b0f4 | United_States_Army | As a uniformed military service, the Army is part of the Department of the Army, which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the Secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer, the Chief of Staff of ... | At the end of 2016,how many women were in the Regular Army? | At the end of 2016,how many women were in the Regular Army? | [
"At the end of 2016,how many women were in the Regular Army?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106367 | 5725f37fec44d21400f3d781 | Hellenistic_period | In Arabia, Bahrain, which was referred to by the Greeks as Tylos, the centre of pearl trading, when Nearchus came to discover it serving under Alexander the Great. The Greek admiral Nearchus is believed to have been the first of Alexander's commanders to visit these islands. It is not known whether Bahrain was part of ... | What did the Greeks call Bahrain? | What did the Greeks call Bahrain? | [
"What did the Greeks call Bahrain?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tylos"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90 | 56f8d0389e9bad19000a057e | Guinea-Bissau | Guinea-Bissau is a republic. In the past, the government had been highly centralized. Multi-party governance was not established until mid-1991. The president is the head of state and the prime minister is the head of government. Since 1974, no president has successfully served a full five-year term. | What country is listed as a republic? | What country is listed as a republic? | [
"What country is listed as a republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Guinea-Bissau"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23374 | 5ad14342645df0001a2d1465 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The incorporation of the First Amendment establishment clause in the landmark case of Everson v. Board of Education has impacted the subsequent interpretation of the separation of church and state in regard to the state governments. Although upholding the state law in that case, which provided for public busing to priv... | What didn't the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education? | What didn't the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education? | [
"What didn't the Supreme Court uphold in Everson v. Board of Education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64208 | 572835282ca10214002da0c7 | Annelid | In addition to re-writing the classification of annelids and 3 previously independent phyla, the molecular phylogenetics analyses undermine the emphasis that decades of previous writings placed on the importance of segmentation in the classification of invertebrates. Polychaetes, which these analyses found to be the pa... | What did the 2007 study decide was the parent group for annelids? | What did the 2007 study decide was the parent group for annelids? | [
"What did the 2007 study decide was the parent group for annelids?"
] | {
"text": [
"Polychaetes"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12457 | 5a65e2dec2b11c001a425db4 | Antibiotics | There has been extensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. In the United States, the question of emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains due to use of antibiotics in livestock was raised by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1977. In March 2012, the United States District Court for the South... | What violated Natural Resources Defense Council regulations? | What violated Natural Resources Defense Council regulations? | [
"What violated Natural Resources Defense Council regulations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39123 | 5731ce3ab9d445190005e577 | Protestantism | In the course of this religious upheaval, the German Peasants' War of 1524–25 swept through the Bavarian, Thuringian and Swabian principalities. After the Eighty Years' War in the Low Countries and the French Wars of Religion, the confessional division of the states of the Holy Roman Empire eventually erupted in the Th... | How much was the German population reduced during the Thirty Years' War? | How much was the German population reduced during the Thirty Years' War? | [
"How much was the German population reduced during the Thirty Years' War?"
] | {
"text": [
"between 25% and 40%"
],
"answer_start": [
398
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111541 | 5732354ce17f3d140042272d | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The emperor Julian made a short-lived attempt to revive traditional and Hellenistic religion and to affirm the special status of Judaism, but in 380 under Theodosius I, Nicene Christianity became the official state religion of the Roman Empire. Pleas for religious tolerance from traditionalists such as the senator Symm... | What pleas were rejected by the empire? | What pleas were rejected by the empire? | [
"What pleas were rejected by the empire?"
] | {
"text": [
"religious tolerance"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109170 | 57277db4dd62a815002e9e96 | Carnival | Other regions host festivities of smaller extent, focused on the reenactment of traditional carnevalic customs, such as Tyrnavos (Thessaly), Kozani (West Macedonia), Rethymno (Crete) and in Xanthi (East Macedonia and Thrace). Tyrnavos holds an annual Phallus festival, a traditional "phallkloric" event in which giant, g... | In what square do the bands all play at once? | In what square do the bands all play at once? | [
"In what square do the bands all play at once?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ntoltso"
],
"answer_start": [
1075
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68349 | 5a369b8495360f001af1b2af | George_VI | In a time when royals were expected to marry fellow royals, it was unusual that Albert had a great deal of freedom in choosing a prospective wife. An infatuation with the already-married Australian socialite Sheila, Lady Loughborough, came to an end in April 1920 when the King, with the promise of the dukedom of York, ... | Who was the Australian socialite Sheila married to? | Who was the Australian socialite Sheila married to? | [
"Who was the Australian socialite Sheila married to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72858 | 5ad35e7b604f3c001a3fdedf | Dell | Dell's reputation for poor customer service, since 2002, which was exacerbated as it moved call centres offshore and as its growth outstripped its technical support infrastructure, came under increasing scrutiny on the Web. The original Dell model was known for high customer satisfaction when PCs sold for thousands but... | What did Dell have a good reputation for? | What did Dell have a good reputation for? | [
"What did Dell have a good reputation for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107269 | 5ace9fa132bba1001ae4ad9d | Hunting | A variety of industries benefit from hunting and support hunting on economic grounds. In Tanzania, it is estimated that a safari hunter spends fifty to one hundred times that of the average ecotourist. While the average photo tourist may seek luxury accommodation, the average safari hunter generally stays in tented cam... | What country has the most areas that are hard to reach by car? | What country has the most areas that are hard to reach by car? | [
"What country has the most areas that are hard to reach by car?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85757 | 5ad2abeed7d075001a429e81 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES can be emulated on many other systems, most notably the PC. The first emulator was the Japanese-only Pasofami. It was soon followed by iNES, which was available in English and was cross-platform, in 1996. It was described as being the first NES emulation software that could be used by a non-expert. NESticle, a ... | What platform was NESticle unavailable for use? | What platform was NESticle unavailable for use? | [
" What platform was NESticle unavailable for use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91252 | 5ace470832bba1001ae4a172 | Avicenna | Ibn Sina's first appointment was that of physician to the emir, Nuh II, who owed him his recovery from a dangerous illness (997). Ibn Sina's chief reward for this service was access to the royal library of the Samanids, well-known patrons of scholarship and scholars. When the library was destroyed by fire not long afte... | Why did Ibn Sina burn the library? | Why did Ibn Sina burn the library? | [
"Why did Ibn Sina burn the library?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61168 | 5acecd5132bba1001ae4b491 | Police | Perhaps the greatest question regarding the future development of transnational policing is: in whose interest is it? At a more practical level, the question translates into one about how to make transnational policing institutions democratically accountable (Sheptycki, 2004). For example, according to the Global Accou... | Who wrote the Local Accountability Report for 2007? | Who wrote the Local Accountability Report for 2007? | [
"Who wrote the Local Accountability Report for 2007?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78779 | 5730a1eb396df9190009622d | Greeks | The traditional Greek homelands have been the Greek peninsula and the Aegean Sea, the Southern Italy (Magna Graecia), the Black Sea, the Ionian coasts of Asia Minor and the islands of Cyprus and Sicily. In Plato's Phaidon, Socrates remarks, "we (Greeks) live around a sea like frogs around a pond" when describing to his... | When did changes of this ancient map become notable ? | When did changes of this ancient map become notable ? | [
"When did changes of this ancient map become notable ?"
] | {
"text": [
"corresponded to the Greek world until the creation of the Greek state in 183"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15086 | 572f6358a23a5019007fc5bd | Hyderabad | According to John Everett-Heath, the author of Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Place Names, Hyderabad means "Haydar's city" or "lion city", from haydar (lion) and ābād (city). It was named to honour the Caliph Ali Ibn Abi Talib, who was also known as Haydar because of his lion-like valour in battles. Andrew Petersen... | What person is Hyderabad said to have been renamed for? | What person is Hyderabad said to have been renamed for? | [
"What person is Hyderabad said to have been renamed for?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Bhagyanagar\" or \"Bhāgnagar\" after Bhagmati, a local nautch (dancing) girl"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110296 | 5728040b4b864d1900164235 | Culture | Cultural sociology first emerged in Weimar Germany (1918–1933), where sociologists such as Alfred Weber used the term Kultursoziologie (cultural sociology). Cultural sociology was then "reinvented" in the English-speaking world as a product of the "cultural turn" of the 1960s, which ushered in structuralist and postmod... | Who was the first to refer to culture as sociology? | Who was the first to refer to culture as sociology? | [
"Who was the first to refer to culture as sociology?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alfred Weber"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59597 | 5726bcf3f1498d1400e8e9a7 | Electric_motor | Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The... | When in operation, what do hysteresis synchronous motors poles do? | When in operation, what do hysteresis synchronous motors poles do? | [
"When in operation, what do hysteresis synchronous motors poles do?"
] | {
"text": [
"stay in place"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24318 | 5ad4272d604f3c001a40091a | Bermuda | Bermuda is an offshore financial centre, which results from its minimal standards of business regulation/laws and direct taxation on personal or corporate income. It has one of the highest consumption taxes in the world and taxes all imports in lieu of an income tax system. Bermudas's consumption tax is equivalent to l... | What is Bermuda's income tax used to fund? | What is Bermuda's income tax used to fund? | [
"What is Bermuda's income tax used to fund?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11845 | 56faebc18f12f319006302d2 | Somalis | Somali scholars have for centuries produced many notable examples of Islamic literature ranging from poetry to Hadith. With the adoption of the Latin alphabet in 1972 to transcribe the Somali language, numerous contemporary Somali authors have also released novels, some of which have gone on to receive worldwide acclai... | Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love? | Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love? | [
"Who wrote Ignorance is the enemy of love?"
] | {
"text": [
"Farah Mohamed Jama Awl"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106765 | 5a8478217cf838001a46a833 | East_India_Company | The aggressive policies of Lord Wellesley and the Marquis of Hastings led to the Company gaining control of all India (except for the Punjab and Sindh), and some part of the then kingdom of Nepal under the Sugauli Treaty. The Indian Princes had become vassals of the Company. But the expense of wars leading to the total... | Who lost all control over India? | Who lost all control over India? | [
"Who lost all control over India?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16645 | 572a630e7a1753140016aefc | Friedrich_Hayek | In 1991, US President George H. W. Bush awarded Hayek the Presidential Medal of Freedom, one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States, for a "lifetime of looking beyond the horizon". Hayek died on 23 March 1992 in Freiburg, Germany, and was buried on 4 April in the Neustift am Walde cemetery in the north... | Where was Hayek when he died? | Where was Hayek when he died? | [
"Where was Hayek when he died?"
] | {
"text": [
"Freiburg, Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38672 | 570c37b5ec8fbc190045bde6 | FC_Barcelona | In addition to membership, as of 2010[update] there are 1,335 officially registered fan clubs, called penyes, around the world. The fan clubs promote Barcelona in their locality and receive beneficial offers when visiting Barcelona. Among the best supported teams globally, Barcelona has the highest social media followi... | What is the only team that has a higher attendance rate than Club Barcelona? | What is the only team that has a higher attendance rate than Club Barcelona? | [
"What is the only team that has a higher attendance rate than Club Barcelona? "
] | {
"text": [
"Borussia Dortmund"
],
"answer_start": [
689
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42601 | 57100c2ea58dae1900cd6809 | Sexual_orientation | More recently, scientists have started to focus on measuring changes in brain activity related to sexual arousal, by using brain-scanning techniques. A study on how heterosexual and homosexual men's brains react to seeing pictures of naked men and women has found that both hetero- and homosexual men react positively to... | What was the only difference in the study between gay and straight men? | What was the only difference in the study between gay and straight men? | [
"What was the only difference in the study between gay and straight men?"
] | {
"text": [
"The only significant group difference between these orientations was found in the amygdala,"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92689 | 57278f23708984140094e0d8 | Alsace | By 1790, the Jewish population of Alsace was approximately 22,500, about 3% of the provincial population. They were highly segregated and subject to long-standing anti-Jewish regulations. They maintained their own customs, Yiddish language, and historic traditions within the tightly-knit ghettos; they adhered to Talmud... | Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle? | Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle? | [
"Jews were banned from cities in Alsace, where were they forced to settle?"
] | {
"text": [
"in villages"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45328 | 5a6103b1e9e1cc001a33ce3b | Sahara | The South Saharan steppe and woodlands ecoregion is a narrow band running east and west between the hyper-arid Sahara and the Sahel savannas to the south. Movements of the equatorial Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) bring summer rains during July and August which average 100 to 200 mm (3.9 to 7.9 in) but vary grea... | What months are the driest? | What months are the driest? | [
"What months are the driest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14001 | 5a837712e60761001a2eb743 | BBC_Television | The BBC domestic television channels do not broadcast advertisements; they are instead funded by a television licence fee which TV viewers are required to pay annually. This includes viewers who watch real-time streams of the BBC's channels online or via their mobile phone. The BBC's international television channels a... | How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels? | How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels? | [
"How often is a broadcast licence fee paid by viewers of BBC domestic channels?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24567 | 56ce3569aab44d1400b885ae | New_York_City | In 1609, English explorer Henry Hudson re-discovered the region when he sailed his ship the Halve Maen ("Half Moon" in Dutch) into New York Harbor while searching for the Northwest Passage to the Orient for his employer, the Dutch East India Company. He proceeded to sail up what he named the North River, also called th... | What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River? | What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River? | [
"What did Henry Hudson call the river that is now called the Hudson River?"
] | {
"text": [
"North River"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10598 | 5acf8e7077cf76001a68525a | Comics | Similar to the problems of defining literature and film, no consensus has been reached on a definition of the comics medium, and attempted definitions and descriptions have fallen prey to numerous exceptions. Theorists such as Töpffer, R. C. Harvey, Will Eisner, David Carrier, Alain Rey, and Lawrence Grove emphasize th... | What aren't there prominent examples of in comic history? | What aren't there prominent examples of in comic history? | [
"What aren't there prominent examples of in comic history?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15296 | 572fc34fb2c2fd1400568417 | Hyderabad | The most popular sports played in Hyderabad are cricket and association football. At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 National Games of India, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open women's tennis tournament, the 2007 Military W... | What is the home stadium of the Hyderabad cricket association? | What is the home stadium of the Hyderabad cricket association? | [
"What is the home stadium of the Hyderabad cricket association?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium"
],
"answer_start": [
679
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52720 | 5a7397c453a187001ae6325e | Political_party | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | How long did Edmund Burke remain a philosopher? | How long did Edmund Burke remain a philosopher? | [
"How long did Edmund Burke remain a philosopher?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70541 | 56dfe23b7aa994140058e217 | Pub | Organisations such as Wetherspoons, Punch Taverns and O'Neill's were formed in the UK in the wake of the Beer Orders. A PubCo is a company involved in the retailing but not the manufacture of beverages, while a Pub chain may be run either by a PubCo or by a brewery. | Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders? | Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders? | [
"Along with Punch Taverns and Weatherspoons, what was an organization formed as a result of the Beer Orders?"
] | {
"text": [
"O'Neill's"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44018 | 56cf818d234ae51400d9bdc6 | Kanye_West | On February 8, 2015, at the 57th Annual Grammy Awards, West walked on stage as Beck was accepting his award for Album of the Year and then walked off stage, making everyone think he was joking around. After the awards show, West stated in an interview that he was not joking and that "Beck needs to respect artistry, he ... | To who did Kanye state that Beck should hand his award over to? | To who did Kanye state that Beck should hand his award over to? | [
"To who did Kanye state that Beck should hand his award over to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beyoncé"
],
"answer_start": [
351
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31905 | 572690725951b619008f76ba | Myanmar | The Bronze Age arrived circa 1500 BC when people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice and domesticating poultry and pigs; they were among the first people in the world to do so. Human remains and artifacts from this era were discovered in Monywa District in the Sagaing Division. The Iron Age bega... | What events of significance to human development occurred during the Bronze Age ? | What events of significance to human development occurred during the Bronze Age ? | [
"What events of significance to human development occurred during the Bronze Age ?"
] | {
"text": [
"people in the region were turning copper into bronze, growing rice"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107936 | 56e3a636e375b8140053a3cd | Estonian_language | Estonian (eesti keel [ˈeːsti ˈkeːl] ( listen)) is the official language of Estonia, spoken natively by about 1.1 million people in Estonia and tens of thousands in various migrant communities. It belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family. | In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language | In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language | [
"In Estonia how many people speak Estonian as their native language"
] | {
"text": [
"1.1 million"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80962 | 5722d2bb0dadf01500fa1f16 | Queen_Victoria | Palmerston died in 1865, and after a brief ministry led by Russell, Derby returned to power. In 1866, Victoria attended the State Opening of Parliament for the first time since Albert's death. The following year she supported the passing of the Reform Act 1867 which doubled the electorate by extending the franchise to ... | Who resigned in 1868? | Who resigned in 1868? | [
"Who resigned in 1868?"
] | {
"text": [
"Derby"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97927 | 5a82119631013a001a33519f | Humanism | Humanists reacted against this utilitarian approach and the narrow pedantry associated with it. They sought to create a citizenry (frequently including women) able to speak and write with eloquence and clarity and thus capable of engaging the civic life of their communities and persuading others to virtuous and prudent... | Who was considered an isolated imbecile? | Who was considered an isolated imbecile? | [
"Who was considered an isolated imbecile?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25671 | 5acfe98a77cf76001a68644e | Namibia | Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom. Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country. The African Media... | When was Reporters Without Borders founded? | When was Reporters Without Borders founded? | [
"When was Reporters Without Borders founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45660 | 5ace125632bba1001ae49a39 | YouTube | YouTube offered the public a beta test of the site in May 2005. The first video to reach one million views was a Nike advertisement featuring Ronaldinho in September 2005. Following a $3.5 million investment from Sequoia Capital in November, the site launched officially on December 15, 2005, by which time the site was ... | What type of public test was offered in May 2006? | What type of public test was offered in May 2006? | [
"What type of public test was offered in May 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73269 | 56d3757559d6e4140014645a | American_Idol | Season six began on Tuesday, January 16, 2007. The premiere drew a massive audience of 37.3 million viewers, peaking in the last half hour with more than 41 million viewers. | How many people watched the season premiere of American Idol in 2007? | How many people watched the season premiere of American Idol in 2007? | [
"How many people watched the season premiere of American Idol in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"37.3 million"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66473 | 572897fe2ca10214002da4a3 | Brigham_Young_University | A few special additions enhance the language-learning experience. For example, BYU's International Cinema, featuring films in several languages, is the largest and longest-running university-run foreign film program in the country. As already noted, BYU also offers an intensive foreign language living experience, the F... | How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program? | How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program? | [
"How many native speakers are in each apartment building in the Foreign Language Student Residence program?"
] | {
"text": [
"at least one"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38089 | 57303b58947a6a140053d2e0 | Roman_Republic | After having declined in size following the subjugation of the Mediterranean, the Roman navy underwent short-term upgrading and revitalisation in the late Republic to meet several new demands. Under Caesar, an invasion fleet was assembled in the English Channel to allow the invasion of Britannia; under Pompey, a large ... | In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates? | In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates? | [
"In which sea was a large amount of naval vessels sent in order to remove Cilician pirates?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mediterranean Sea"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3864 | 56d4ceac2ccc5a1400d83242 | Beyoncé | At the 57th Annual Grammy Awards in February 2015, Beyoncé was nominated for six awards, ultimately winning three: Best R&B Performance and Best R&B Song for "Drunk in Love", and Best Surround Sound Album for Beyoncé. She was nominated for Album of the Year but the award was won by Beck for his Morning Phase album. In ... | Beyoncé lost the Album of the Year award to which entertainer? | Beyoncé lost the Album of the Year award to which entertainer? | [
"Beyoncé lost the Album of the Year award to which entertainer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Beck"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89184 | 5acd5e7b07355d001abf3f45 | Hunter-gatherer | Some of the theorists who advocate this "revisionist" critique imply that, because the "pure hunter-gatherer" disappeared not long after colonial (or even agricultural) contact began, nothing meaningful can be learned about prehistoric hunter-gatherers from studies of modern ones (Kelly, 24-29; see Wilmsen) | Who advocates this "reviled" critique? | Who advocates this "reviled" critique? | [
"Who advocates this \"reviled\" critique?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83372 | 5ad251e0d7d075001a428cf0 | Dominican_Order | The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning contin... | What is the spiritual tradition of Dominic's order not only punctuated by? | What is the spiritual tradition of Dominic's order not only punctuated by? | [
"What is the spiritual tradition of Dominic's order not only punctuated by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76542 | 5a39a1de2f14dd001ac724ef | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | Musée Territorial de St.-Barthélemy is a historical museum known as the "St. Barts Municipal Museum" also called the "Wall House" (musée – bibliothèque) in Gustavia, which is located on the far end of La Pointe. The museum is housed in an old stone house, a two-storey building which has been refurbished. The island’s h... | What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts? | What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts? | [
"What is the Swedish name for the historic museum in St. Barts?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57542 | 5ad219b0d7d075001a428410 | Quran | Respect for the written text of the Quran is an important element of religious faith by many Muslims, and the Quran is treated with reverence. Based on tradition and a literal interpretation of Quran 56:79 ("none shall touch but those who are clean"), some Muslims believe that they must perform a ritual cleansing with ... | Which section of the Quran inspires all Muslims to ritually wash themselves before touching their copy? | Which section of the Quran inspires all Muslims to ritually wash themselves before touching their copy? | [
"Which section of the Quran inspires all Muslims to ritually wash themselves before touching their copy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37328 | 5727abdfff5b5019007d9234 | Switzerland | The former ten-year moratorium on the construction of new nuclear power plants was the result of a citizens' initiative voted on in 1990 which had passed with 54.5% Yes vs. 45.5% No votes. Plans for a new nuclear plant in the Canton of Bern have been put on hold after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi power plant i... | What was the former 10-year moratorium on the construction of nuclear plants the result of? | What was the former 10-year moratorium on the construction of nuclear plants the result of? | [
"What was the former 10-year moratorium on the construction of nuclear plants the result of?"
] | {
"text": [
"a citizens' initiative"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35229 | 5ad0bf10645df0001a2d0195 | Gothic_architecture | Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Fr... | What style of architecture did Gothic architecture devolve from? | What style of architecture did Gothic architecture devolve from? | [
"What style of architecture did Gothic architecture devolve from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18928 | 5ad0cd6c645df0001a2d03e3 | Premier_League | The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester Cit... | During which season were there 100 Premier League representatives in the Association? | During which season were there 100 Premier League representatives in the Association? | [
"During which season were there 100 Premier League representatives in the Association?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5818 | 5706b81c0eeca41400aa0d98 | House_music | In England, one of the few licensed venues The Eclipse attracted people from up and down the country as it was open until the early hours. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 was a government attempt to ban large rave dance events featuring music with "repetitive beats". There were a number of abortive "Kill... | what was the nail in the coffin for illegal raves? | what was the nail in the coffin for illegal raves? | [
"what was the nail in the coffin for illegal raves?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Spiral Tribe at Castle Morten"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56783 | 5727bf733acd2414000deb62 | Gramophone_record | From the mid-1950s through the 1960s, in the U.S. the common home record player or "stereo" (after the introduction of stereo recording) would typically have had these features: a three- or four-speed player (78, 45, 33 1⁄3, and sometimes 16 2⁄3 rpm); with changer, a tall spindle that would hold several records and aut... | What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos? | What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos? | [
"What feature of 45s required an adapter in most home stereos?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger center hole."
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74797 | 570e719b0b85d914000d7f08 | Melbourne | Port Phillip is often warmer than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass, particularly in spring and autumn; this can set up a "bay effect" similar to the "lake effect" seen in colder climates where showers are intensified leeward of the bay. Relatively narrow streams of heavy showers can often affect the same pla... | Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass? | Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass? | [
"Is Port Phillip generally warmer or colder than the surrounding oceans and/or the land mass?"
] | {
"text": [
"warmer"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2926 | 5acd98a507355d001abf47cf | British_Isles | At the time of the Roman Empire, about two thousand years ago, various tribes, which spoke Celtic dialects of the Insular Celtic group, were inhabiting the islands. The Romans expanded their civilisation to control southern Great Britain but were impeded in advancing any further, building Hadrian's Wall to mark the nor... | Which empire expanded to control southern Spain? | Which empire expanded to control southern Spain? | [
"Which empire expanded to control southern Spain?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111370 | 5731ed92e99e3014001e63d9 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Roman camps followed a standard pattern for defense and religious ritual; in effect they were Rome in miniature. The commander's headquarters stood at the centre; he took the auspices on a dais in front. A small building behind housed the legionary standards, the divine images used in religious rites and in the Imperia... | For what purpose were Roman camps arranged? | For what purpose were Roman camps arranged? | [
"For what purpose were Roman camps arranged?"
] | {
"text": [
"defense and religious ritual"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100676 | 572e90dccb0c0d14000f12b2 | Post-punk | Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted M... | Who was responsible for disbanding the Sex Pistols? | Who was responsible for disbanding the Sex Pistols? | [
"Who was responsible for disbanding the Sex Pistols?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lydon"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59367 | 5726bf09f1498d1400e8e9fe | Alloy | In 1906, precipitation hardening alloys were discovered by Alfred Wilm. Precipitation hardening alloys, such as certain alloys of aluminium, titanium, and copper, are heat-treatable alloys that soften when quenched (cooled quickly), and then harden over time. After quenching a ternary alloy of aluminium, copper, and ma... | What was used in the construction of modern aircraft? | What was used in the construction of modern aircraft? | [
"What was used in the construction of modern aircraft?"
] | {
"text": [
"duralumin"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103302 | 5ad2bb34d7d075001a42a076 | Multiracial_American | Population testing is still being done. Some Native American groups that have been sampled may not have shared the pattern of markers being searched for. Geneticists acknowledge that DNA testing cannot yet distinguish among members of differing cultural Native American nations. There is genetic evidence for three major... | What can DNA testing distinguish between? | What can DNA testing distinguish between? | [
"What can DNA testing distinguish between?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27642 | 57302ebc04bcaa1900d772ec | Liberia | The Kpelle comprise more than 20% of the population and are the largest ethnic group in Liberia, residing mostly in Bong County and adjacent areas in central Liberia. Americo-Liberians, who are descendants of African American and West Indian, mostly Barbadian settlers, make up 2.5%. Congo people, descendants of repatri... | What percentage of the population are the Kpelle? | What percentage of the population are the Kpelle? | [
"What percentage of the population are the Kpelle?"
] | {
"text": [
"20%"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75246 | 5ad13467645df0001a2d1145 | Labour_Party_(UK) | As the economic situation worsened MacDonald agreed to form a "National Government" with the Conservatives and the Liberals. On 24 August 1931 MacDonald submitted the resignation of his ministers and led a small number of his senior colleagues in forming the National Government together with the other parties. This cau... | Who refused to form a National Government? | Who refused to form a National Government? | [
"Who refused to form a National Government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102950 | 5acd22b507355d001abf3646 | Unicode | Unicode includes a mechanism for modifying character shape that greatly extends the supported glyph repertoire. This covers the use of combining diacritical marks. They are inserted after the main character. Multiple combining diacritics may be stacked over the same character. Unicode also contains precomposed versions... | What do applications have to implement? | What do applications have to implement? | [
"What do applications have to implement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9392 | 5a6b8ce7a9e0c9001a4e9f6e | Myocardial_infarction | Atypical symptoms are more frequently reported by women, the elderly, and those with diabetes when compared to their male and younger counterparts. Women also report more numerous symptoms compared with men (2.6 on average vs. 1.8 symptoms in men). The most common symptoms of MI in women include dyspnea, weakness, and ... | How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest? | How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest? | [
"How long after the ischemic event do symptoms manifest?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5148 | 56e15da4cd28a01900c67815 | Boston | Some of the cleaner energy facilities in Boston include the Allston green district, with three ecologically compatible housing facilities. Boston is also breaking ground on multiple green affordable housing facilities to help reduce the carbon footprint of the city while simultaneously making these initiatives financia... | Allston Green District is an example of what? | Allston Green District is an example of what? | [
"Allston Green District is an example of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"cleaner energy facilities"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28721 | 571a6dbe4faf5e1900b8a9a0 | Pharmaceutical_industry | By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extra... | Who identified the active substance? | Who identified the active substance? | [
"Who identified the active substance?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Abel"
],
"answer_start": [
545
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74612 | 5ace7f2132bba1001ae4a840 | Asphalt | People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point wh... | What is the acronym for the International Agency for Research on Carcinogenic hazards? | What is the acronym for the International Agency for Research on Carcinogenic hazards? | [
"What is the acronym for the International Agency for Research on Carcinogenic hazards?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113433 | 572ec300c246551400ce4627 | Vacuum | Thermal conductivity gauges rely on the fact that the ability of a gas to conduct heat decreases with pressure. In this type of gauge, a wire filament is heated by running current through it. A thermocouple or Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD) can then be used to measure the temperature of the filament. This temper... | What is a RTD used for on a Thermal Conductivity gauge? | What is a RTD used for on a Thermal Conductivity gauge? | [
"What is a RTD used for on a Thermal Conductivity gauge?"
] | {
"text": [
"to measure the temperature of the filament"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8753 | 5ace063c32bba1001ae49995 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On April 17, 1946, the Kaliningrad Oblast — the northern portion of the former German province of East Prussia—was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR. | On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast trade away? | On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast trade away? | [
"On what date was Kaliningrad Oblast trade away?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26866 | 5a8ccbedfd22b3001a8d8e92 | United_States_dollar | The colloquialism "buck"(s) (much like the British word "quid"(s, pl) for the pound sterling) is often used to refer to dollars of various nations, including the U.S. dollar. This term, dating to the 18th century, may have originated with the colonial leather trade. It may also have originated from a poker term. "Green... | What color other than red was used on the backside of the original note? | What color other than red was used on the backside of the original note? | [
"What color other than red was used on the backside of the original note?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7322 | 5a1388bac8eab200188dc9ba | Georgian_architecture | Inside ornament was far more generous, and could sometimes be overwhelming. The chimneypiece continued to be the usual main focus of rooms, and was now given a classical treatment, and increasingly topped by a painting or a mirror. Plasterwork ceilings, carved wood, and bold schemes of wallpaint formed a backdrop to in... | What became the new main focus of rooms? | What became the new main focus of rooms? | [
"What became the new main focus of rooms?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107055 | 5ace6bea32bba1001ae4a64d | Hunting | Unarmed fox hunting on horseback with hounds is the type of hunting most closely associated with the United Kingdom; in fact, "hunting" without qualification implies fox hunting. What in other countries is called "hunting" is called "shooting" (birds) or "stalking" (deer) in Britain. Originally a form of vermin control... | In what time did deer stalking become popular? | In what time did deer stalking become popular? | [
"In what time did deer stalking become popular?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65501 | 5727bdea3acd2414000deb28 | Detroit | Jobs expanded so rapidly that 400,000 people were attracted to the city from 1941 to 1943, including 50,000 blacks in the second wave of the Great Migration, and 350,000 whites, many of them from the South. Some European immigrants and their descendants feared black competition for jobs and housing. The federal governm... | How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943? | How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943? | [
"How many people came to Detroit between 1941 and 1943?"
] | {
"text": [
"400,000"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55456 | 57266327f1498d1400e8dde5 | Presbyterianism | Ruling elders are usually laymen (and laywomen in some denominations) who are elected by the congregation and ordained to serve with the teaching elders, assuming responsibility for nurture and leadership of the congregation. Often, especially in larger congregations, the elders delegate the practicalities of buildings... | In very large congregations, what do the elders delegate? | In very large congregations, what do the elders delegate? | [
"In very large congregations, what do the elders delegate?"
] | {
"text": [
"practicalities of buildings, finance, and temporal ministry"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6176 | 5727657f708984140094dcf7 | Late_Middle_Ages | Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy, written in the early 14th century, merged a medieval world view with classical ideals. Another promoter of the Italian language was Boccaccio with his Decameron. The application of the vernacular did not entail a rejection of Latin, and both Dante and Boccaccio wrote prolifically in Lat... | Who wrote the Divine Comedy? | Who wrote the Divine Comedy? | [
"Who wrote the Divine Comedy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dante Alighieri"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34440 | 56f89bea9e9bad19000a01bf | Southampton | As with the rest of the UK, Southampton experiences an oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Its southerly, low lying and sheltered location ensures it is among the warmer, sunnier cities in the UK. It has held the record for the highest temperature in the UK for June at 35.6 °C (96.1 °F) since 1976. | What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Celsius? | What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Celsius? | [
"What was the record high temperature for June in degrees Celsius?"
] | {
"text": [
"35.6"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106459 | 572610b989a1e219009ac1c2 | Hellenistic_period | The Hellenistic period saw the rise of New Comedy, the only few surviving representative texts being those of Menander (born 342/1 BCE). Only one play, Dyskolos, survives in its entirety. The plots of this new Hellenistic comedy of manners were more domestic and formulaic, stereotypical low born characters such as slav... | Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work? | Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work? | [
"Menander is one of the few remaining pieces of what time of liteary work?"
] | {
"text": [
"New Comedy"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8249 | 5a7cbea9e8bc7e001a9e1fac | Thuringia | Some reordering of the Thuringian states occurred during the German Mediatisation from 1795 to 1814, and the territory was included within the Napoleonic Confederation of the Rhine organized in 1806. The 1815 Congress of Vienna confirmed these changes and the Thuringian states' inclusion in the German Confederation; th... | Who stopped the unification of Germany in 1871? | Who stopped the unification of Germany in 1871? | [
"Who stopped the unification of Germany in 1871?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79707 | 5ad01d1777cf76001a686a81 | Kievan_Rus%27 | From the 9th century, the Pecheneg nomads began an uneasy relationship with Kievan Rus′. For over two centuries they launched sporadic raids into the lands of Rus′, which sometimes escalated into full-scale wars (such as the 920 war on the Pechenegs by Igor of Kiev reported in the Primary Chronicle), but there were als... | What year did the Pecheneg war begin? | What year did the Pecheneg war begin? | [
"What year did the Pecheneg war begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62680 | 572f52dc947a6a140053c882 | Pain | Pain is a distressing feeling often caused by intense or damaging stimuli, such as stubbing a toe, burning a finger, putting alcohol on a cut, and bumping the "funny bone". Because it is a complex, subjective phenomenon, defining pain has been a challenge. The International Association for the Study of Pain's widely us... | Why has defining pain been a challenge? | Why has defining pain been a challenge? | [
"Why has defining pain been a challenge?"
] | {
"text": [
"complex, subjective phenomenon"
],
"answer_start": [
189
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69168 | 5ad41f4e604f3c001a40069a | Houston | In the 1960s, Downtown Houston consisted of a collection of mid-rise office structures. Downtown was on the threshold of an energy industry–led boom in 1970. A succession of skyscrapers were built throughout the 1970s—many by real estate developer Gerald D. Hines—culminating with Houston's tallest skyscraper, the 75-fl... | How tall is the PNC Bank Tower? | How tall is the PNC Bank Tower? | [
" How tall is the PNC Bank Tower?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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