gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-61434 | 572f4a5fb2c2fd1400567fe8 | Flowering_plant | The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepal... | What appearance are calyx of sepals typically? | What appearance are calyx of sepals typically? | [
"What appearance are calyx of sepals typically?"
] | {
"text": [
"green and leaf-like"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95973 | 5a1e0aaf3de3f40018b26472 | Hokkien | The Amoy dialect (Xiamen) is a hybrid of the Quanzhou and Zhangzhou dialects. Taiwanese is also a hybrid of these two dialects. Taiwanese in northern Taiwan tends to be based on the Quanzhou variety, whereas the Taiwanese spoken in southern Taiwan tends to be based on Zhangzhou speech. There are minor variations in pro... | What area is Teochew spoken, that also has loanwords from Malay? | What area is Teochew spoken, that also has loanwords from Malay? | [
"What area is Teochew spoken, that also has loanwords from Malay?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106331 | 5725e93b38643c19005ace6b | Hellenistic_period | Modern interpretations see this period as a civil war between Hellenized and orthodox forms of Judaism. Out of this revolt was formed an independent Jewish kingdom known as the Hasmonaean Dynasty, which lasted from 165 BCE to 63 BCE. The Hasmonean Dynasty eventually disintegrated in a civil war, which coincided with ci... | What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus? | [
"What independent kingdom was formed out of the Maccabean Revolt of Judas Maccabeus?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hasmonaean Dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78571 | 5ad29277d7d075001a429ab9 | Greeks | The relationship between ethnic Greek identity and Greek Orthodox religion continued after the creation of the Modern Greek state in 1830. According to the second article of the first Greek constitution of 1822, a Greek was defined as any Christian resident of the Kingdom of Greece, a clause removed by 1840. A century ... | When was the original Grecian constitution not formed? | When was the original Grecian constitution not formed? | [
" When was the original Grecian constitution not formed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57209 | 572fed4e04bcaa1900d76ed1 | Muslim_world | The Islamic Golden Age coincided with the Middle Ages in the Muslim world, starting with the rise of Islam and establishment of the first Islamic state in 622. The end of the age is variously given as 1258 with the Mongolian Sack of Baghdad, or 1492 with the completion of the Christian Reconquista of the Emirate of Gra... | Where was the House of Wisdom held? | Where was the House of Wisdom held? | [
"Where was the House of Wisdom held?"
] | {
"text": [
"Baghdad"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39050 | 5731ba0e0fdd8d15006c64a5 | Protestantism | Collectively encompassing more than 900 million adherents, or nearly forty percent of Christians worldwide, Protestantism is present on all populated continents.[t] The movement is more divided theologically and ecclesiastically than either Eastern Orthodoxy or Roman Catholicism, lacking both structural unity and centr... | How many people are considered Protestant? | How many people are considered Protestant? | [
"How many people are considered Protestant?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 900 million"
],
"answer_start": [
26
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83423 | 5ad259d1d7d075001a428e18 | Dominican_Order | Another who contributed significantly to the spirituality of the order is Albertus Magnus, the only person of the period to be given the appellation "Great". His influence on the brotherhood permeated nearly every aspect of Dominican life. Albert was a scientist, philosopher, astrologer, theologian, spiritual writer, e... | Who did Albert Magnus not introduce to Dominican Order students? | Who did Albert Magnus not introduce to Dominican Order students? | [
"Who did Albert Magnus not introduce to Dominican Order students?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57592 | 5ad21e56d7d075001a42847a | Quran | The doctrine of the last day and eschatology (the final fate of the universe) may be reckoned as the second great doctrine of the Quran. It is estimated that approximately one-third of the Quran is eschatological, dealing with the afterlife in the next world and with the day of judgment at the end of time. There is a r... | What topic do suras 44, 65, 75, and 101 have in common? | What topic do suras 44, 65, 75, and 101 have in common? | [
"What topic do suras 44, 65, 75, and 101 have in common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18109 | 5ad0a651645df0001a2cff8b | Eritrea | The creation of modern-day Eritrea is a result of the incorporation of independent, distinct kingdoms and sultanates (for example, Medri Bahri and the Sultanate of Aussa) eventually resulting in the formation of Italian Eritrea. In 1947 Eritrea became part of a federation with Ethiopia, the Federation of Ethiopia and E... | In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start? | In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start? | [
"In what year did the Eritrean War of Independence start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60216 | 5ace1c9032bba1001ae49b07 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates. "These one-of-a-kind events are great experien... | Who said "These common events are a great experience for our students..." in 2008? | Who said "These common events are a great experience for our students..." in 2008? | [
"Who said \"These common events are a great experience for our students...\" in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26270 | 5ad0d656645df0001a2d0658 | Edmund_Burke | Burke supported the war against revolutionary France, seeing Britain as fighting on the side of the royalists and émigres in a civil war, rather than fighting against the whole nation of France. Burke also supported the royalist uprising in La Vendée, describing it on 4 November 1793 in a letter to William Windham, as ... | Burke considered supporting the war against the revolution as being against which nation? | Burke considered supporting the war against the revolution as being against which nation? | [
"Burke considered supporting the war against the revolution as being against which nation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29279 | 5ad3a6d2604f3c001a3feac2 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Depending on a number of considerations, a company may apply for and be granted a patent for the drug, or the process of producing the drug, granting exclusivity rights typically for about 20 years. However, only after rigorous study and testing, which takes 10 to 15 years on average, will governmental authorities gran... | What kind of drug is produced by competitors once an industry expires? | What kind of drug is produced by competitors once an industry expires? | [
"What kind of drug is produced by competitors once an industry expires?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1268 | 5a4e914a755ab9001a10f4fb | Airport | The majority of the world's airports are non-towered, with no air traffic control presence. However, at particularly busy airports, or airports with other special requirements, there is an air traffic control (ATC) system whereby controllers (usually ground-based) direct aircraft movements via radio or other communicat... | What describes most clearance delivery systems? | What describes most clearance delivery systems? | [
"What describes most clearance delivery systems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79473 | 5acffeaa77cf76001a68672e | Kievan_Rus%27 | Rurik led the Rus' until his death in about 879, bequeathing his kingdom to his kinsman, Prince Oleg, as regent for his young son, Igor. In 880-82, Oleg led a military force south along the Dnieper river, capturing Smolensk and Lyubech before reaching Kiev, where he deposed and killed Askold and Dir, proclaimed himself... | Who peaceably asked the Drevlians for a fur tribute? | Who peaceably asked the Drevlians for a fur tribute? | [
"Who peaceably asked the Drevlians for a fur tribute?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110779 | 5730247fb2c2fd1400568946 | Iran | The political system of the Islamic Republic is based on the 1979 Constitution, and comprises several intricately connected governing bodies. The Leader of the Revolution ("Supreme Leader") is responsible for delineation and supervision of the general policies of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The Supreme Leader is Comm... | What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as? | What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as? | [
"What is the Leader of the Revolution also known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Supreme Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25733 | 57095defed30961900e84007 | Copper | Copper is biostatic, meaning bacteria will not grow on it. For this reason it has long been used to line parts of ships to protect against barnacles and mussels. It was originally used pure, but has since been superseded by Muntz metal. Similarly, as discussed in copper alloys in aquaculture, copper alloys have become ... | In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make? | In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make? | [
"In the aquaculture industry what is copper alloys commonly used to make?"
] | {
"text": [
"netting materials"
],
"answer_start": [
330
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51597 | 57068cda75f01819005e7bf4 | New_Delhi | In 2010, Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA) was conferred the fourth best airport award in the world in the 15–25 million category, and Best Improved Airport in the Asia-Pacific Region by Airports Council International. The airport was rated as the Best airport in the world in the 25–40 million passengers categ... | What year did Indira Gandhi International Airport win an award for Best airport in the world in the 25-40 million passenger category? | What year did Indira Gandhi International Airport win an award for Best airport in the world in the 25-40 million passenger category? | [
"What year did Indira Gandhi International Airport win an award for Best airport in the world in the 25-40 million passenger category?"
] | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
327
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38888 | 5a2c5f85bfd06b001a5aeb3d | Serbo-Croatian | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | On what basis was Shtokavian standardized? | On what basis was Shtokavian standardized? | [
"On what basis was Shtokavian standardized?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21835 | 5acd727e07355d001abf42a3 | Aircraft_carrier | Modern navies that operate such aircraft carriers treat them as the capital ship of the fleet, a role previously held by the battleship. This change took place during World War II in response to air power becoming a significant factor in warfare, driven by the superior range, flexibility and effectiveness of carrier-la... | When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet? | When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet? | [
"When did aircraft carriers begin being know as the minor ship of the fleet?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39386 | 573265980fdd8d15006c6a84 | Protestantism | There are more than 900 million Protestants worldwide,[ad] among approximately 2.4 billion Christians.[ae] In 2010, a total of more than 800 million included 300 million in Sub-Saharan Africa, 260 million in the Americas, 140 million in Asia-Pacific region, 100 million in Europe and 2 million in Middle East-North Afric... | What is the total population of Christians in the world? | What is the total population of Christians in the world? | [
"What is the total population of Christians in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"approximately 2.4 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12474 | 5a65e4c6c2b11c001a425dc6 | Antibiotics | The effects of some types of mold on infection had been noticed many times over the course of history (see: History of penicillin). In 1928, Alexander Fleming noticed the same effect in a Petri dish, where a number of disease-causing bacteria were killed by a fungus of the genus Penicillium. Fleming postulated that the... | Who noticed in a lab the development of chemists? | Who noticed in a lab the development of chemists? | [
"Who noticed in a lab the development of chemists?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90294 | 5727cc684b864d1900163d5a | Tibet | The Mongol Yuan dynasty, through the Bureau of Buddhist and Tibetan Affairs, or Xuanzheng Yuan, ruled Tibet through a top-level administrative department. One of the department's purposes was to select a dpon-chen ('great administrator'), usually appointed by the lama and confirmed by the Mongol emperor in Beijing. The... | Who confirmed the dpon-chen? | Who confirmed the dpon-chen? | [
"Who confirmed the dpon-chen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mongol emperor"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110013 | 5ad3fcf2604f3c001a3ffbc2 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The death penalty is sought and applied more often in some jurisdictions, not only between states but within states. A 2004 Cornell University study showed that while 2.5 percent of murderers convicted nationwide were sentenced to the death penalty, in Nevada 6 percent were given the death penalty. Texas gave 2 percent... | How many murderers in Nevada weren't given a capital sentence? | How many murderers in Nevada weren't given a capital sentence? | [
" How many murderers in Nevada weren't given a capital sentence?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23023 | 5735d1a86c16ec1900b92832 | Kathmandu | The main international airport serving Kathmandu and thus Nepal is the Tribhuvan International Airport, located about six kilometers (6 km (3.7 mi)) from the city centre. Operated by the Civil Aviation Authority of Nepal it has two terminals, one domestic and one international. At present, about 22 international airlin... | Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport? | Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport? | [
"Starting in the center of Kathmandu, how many kilometers must one travel to reach Tribhuvan International Airport?"
] | {
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
134
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68613 | 5a2f3f52a83784001a7d268b | Mesozoic | The era began in the wake of the Permian–Triassic extinction event, the largest well-documented mass extinction in Earth's history, and ended with the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, another mass extinction which is known for having killed off non-avian dinosaurs, as well as other plant and animal species. The M... | Birds devolved from what branch of dinosaurs? | Birds devolved from what branch of dinosaurs? | [
"Birds devolved from what branch of dinosaurs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92584 | 57314fe6497a881900248dba | United_States_Air_Force | Cultural and career issues in the U.S. Air Force have been cited as one of the reasons for the shortfall in needed UAV operators. In spite of an urgent need for UAVs or drones to provide round the clock coverage for American troops during the Iraq War, the USAF did not establish a new career field for piloting them unt... | What branch of the US Military does a cultural divide prevent the US Air Force from adopting their drone protocols? | What branch of the US Military does a cultural divide prevent the US Air Force from adopting their drone protocols? | [
"What branch of the US Military does a cultural divide prevent the US Air Force from adopting their drone protocols?"
] | {
"text": [
"US Army"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30145 | 5726addcdd62a815002e8cbc | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | After the Civil War began, Governor Zebulon Baird Vance ordered the construction of breastworks around the city as protection from Union troops. During General Sherman's Carolinas Campaign, Raleigh was captured by Union cavalry under the command of General Hugh Judson Kilpatrick on April 13, 1865. As the Confederate ca... | What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War? | What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War? | [
"What was Raleigh captured by in the Civil War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Union cavalry"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36702 | 5a848ca67cf838001a46a90c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | From an institutional perspective, the rules of the House assign a number of specific responsibilities to the minority leader. For example, Rule XII, clause 6, grant the minority leader (or his designee) the right to offer a motion to recommit with instructions; Rule II, clause 6, states the Inspector General shall be ... | What can the Inspector General do after consulting with the minority leader? | What can the Inspector General do after consulting with the minority leader? | [
"What can the Inspector General do after consulting with the minority leader?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43663 | 5726f173708984140094d696 | Korean_War | The Demilitarized Zone runs northeast of the 38th parallel; to the south, it travels west. The old Korean capital city of Kaesong, site of the armistice negotiations, originally was in pre-war South Korea, but now is part of North Korea. The United Nations Command, supported by the United States, the North Korean Peopl... | What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel? | What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel? | [
"What area is directly north and south of the 38th parallel?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Demilitarized Zone"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80157 | 5726c63ddd62a815002e8fef | Samoa | The staple products of Samoa are copra (dried coconut meat), cocoa bean (for chocolate), and bananas. The annual production of both bananas and copra has been in the range of 13,000 to 15,000 metric tons (about 14,500 to 16,500 short tons). If the rhinoceros beetle in Samoa were eradicated, Samoa could produce in exces... | Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality? | Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality? | [
"Are the cocoa beans grown in Samoa high or low quality?"
] | {
"text": [
"high quality"
],
"answer_start": [
405
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47098 | 57266c4add62a815002e8474 | Madonna_(entertainer) | While performing as a backup singer and dancer for the French disco artist Patrick Hernandez on his 1979 world tour, Madonna became romantically involved with musician Dan Gilroy. Together, they formed her first rock band, the Breakfast Club, for which Madonna sang and played drums and guitar. In 1980 or 1981 she left ... | After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with? | After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with? | [
"After leaving the Breakfast Club, who did she formed the band Emmy with?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stephen Bray"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40988 | 5a6bcfa54eec6b001a80a5c4 | Predation | Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly. Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas can kill large herbivores that single animals of the same species usually don't dispatch. Social predation allows so... | What did Harris realize that happens between humans and chimpanzees so they can work together? | What did Harris realize that happens between humans and chimpanzees so they can work together? | [
"What did Harris realize that happens between humans and chimpanzees so they can work together?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3483 | 5a51c418b308da001a5a2384 | Southeast_Asia | Southeast Asia has an area of approximately 4,000,000 km2 (1.6 million square miles). As of 2013, Around 625 million people lived in the region, more than a fifth of them (143 million) on the Indonesian island of Java, the most densely populated large island in the world. Indonesia is the most populous country with 255... | When did 143 million people live in Southeast Asia? | When did 143 million people live in Southeast Asia? | [
"When did 143 million people live in Southeast Asia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92871 | 573366944776f419006609f6 | Tajikistan | It was temporarily under the control of the Tibetan empire and Chinese from 650–680 and then under the control of the Umayyads in 710. The Samanid Empire, 819 to 999, restored Persian control of the region and enlarged the cities of Samarkand and Bukhara (both cities are today part of Uzbekistan) which became the cultu... | Who took control of the regin in 710? | Who took control of the regin in 710? | [
"Who took control of the regin in 710?"
] | {
"text": [
"Umayyads"
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28624 | 5a0f5627decec90018475575 | Canadian_football | Play stops when the ball carrier's knee, elbow, or any other body part aside from the feet and hands, is forced to the ground (a tackle); when a forward pass is not caught on the fly (during a scrimmage); when a touchdown (see below) or a field goal is scored; when the ball leaves the playing area by any means (being c... | If a player's knee is forced to the ground, what starts from scrimmage? | If a player's knee is forced to the ground, what starts from scrimmage? | [
"If a player's knee is forced to the ground, what starts from scrimmage?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112278 | 57292a336aef051400154b13 | Race_(human_categorization) | If a more consistent report with the genetic groups in the gradation of miscegenation is to be considered (e.g. that would not cluster people with a balanced degree of African and non-African ancestry in the black group instead of the multiracial one, unlike elsewhere in Latin America where people of high quantity of A... | What do people with a high quality of African descent classify themselves as? | What do people with a high quality of African descent classify themselves as? | [
"What do people with a high quality of African descent classify themselves as?"
] | {
"text": [
"mixed"
],
"answer_start": [
366
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11051 | 5ad2d810d7d075001a42a43f | Anthropology | Linguistic anthropology (also called anthropological linguistics) seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal, variation in language across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture. It is the branch of anthropology that brings li... | What is the analysis of of linguistic anthropology? | What is the analysis of of linguistic anthropology? | [
"What is the analysis of of linguistic anthropology?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32118 | 5728e91a4b864d1900165078 | Myanmar | Under British administration, Myanmar was the second-wealthiest country in South-East Asia. It had been the world's largest exporter of rice. Myanmar also had a wealth of natural and labour resources. British Burma began exporting crude oil in 1853, making it one of the earliest petroleum producers in the world. It pro... | What notable quality made Burma stand out from other South East Asian countries ? | What notable quality made Burma stand out from other South East Asian countries ? | [
"What notable quality made Burma stand out from other South East Asian countries ?"
] | {
"text": [
"a highly literate population"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5793 | 5ad29458d7d075001a429af1 | House_music | The early 1990s additionally saw the rise in mainstream US popularity for house music. Pop recording artist Madonna's 1990 single "Vogue" became an international hit single and topped the US charts. The single is credited as helping to bring house music to the US mainstream. | When was Madonna's hit single "House" released? | When was Madonna's hit single "House" released? | [
"When was Madonna's hit single \"House\" released?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75225 | 5ad1255c645df0001a2d0f46 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142... | How many seats did the Liberals win in 1922? | How many seats did the Liberals win in 1922? | [
"How many seats did the Liberals win in 1922?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113748 | 5a56b4176349e2001acdcefb | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence A... | When was the Secretary of State Act introduced? | When was the Secretary of State Act introduced? | [
"When was the Secretary of State Act introduced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90843 | 573242cf0fdd8d15006c6899 | Pacific_War | During April, Fourteenth Army advanced 300 miles (480 km) south towards Rangoon, the capital and principal port of Burma, but was delayed by Japanese rearguards 40 miles (64 km) north of Rangoon at the end of the month. Slim feared that the Japanese would defend Rangoon house-to-house during the monsoon, placing his ar... | When was Operation Dracula launched? | When was Operation Dracula launched? | [
"When was Operation Dracula launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"1 May"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110251 | 5a397fa12f14dd001ac723ed | Culture | In 1860, Adolf Bastian (1826–1905) argued for "the psychic unity of mankind". He proposed that a scientific comparison of all human societies would reveal that distinct worldviews consisted of the same basic elements. According to Bastian, all human societies share a set of "elementary ideas" (Elementargedanken); diffe... | What did Adolf Bastian believe all human societies ignored? | What did Adolf Bastian believe all human societies ignored? | [
"What did Adolf Bastian believe all human societies ignored?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43818 | 56d109f317492d1400aab7cc | Kanye_West | West's life took a different direction when his mother, Donda West, died of complications from cosmetic surgery involving abdominoplasty and breast reduction in November 2007. Months later, West and fiancée Alexis Phifer ended their engagement and their long-term intermittent relationship, which had begun in 2002. The ... | What was the name of Kanye's 2008 music tour? | What was the name of Kanye's 2008 music tour? | [
"What was the name of Kanye's 2008 music tour?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glow in the Dark Tour"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92567 | 57314737497a881900248d3d | United_States_Air_Force | The fighter aircraft of the USAF are small, fast, and maneuverable military aircraft primarily used for air-to-air combat. Many of these fighters have secondary ground-attack capabilities, and some are dual-roled as fighter-bombers (e.g., the F-16 Fighting Falcon); the term "fighter" is also sometimes used colloquially... | What aircraft is used by the US Air Demonstration group The Thunderbirds? | What aircraft is used by the US Air Demonstration group The Thunderbirds? | [
"What aircraft is used by the US Air Demonstration group The Thunderbirds?"
] | {
"text": [
"F-16"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41743 | 56d624261c85041400946f30 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | As a result of the magnitude 7.9 earthquake and the many strong aftershocks, many rivers became blocked by large landslides, which resulted in the formation of "quake lakes" behind the blockages; these massive amounts of water were pooling up at a very high rate behind the natural landslide dams and it was feared that ... | What had to be evacuated due to potential flooding? | What had to be evacuated due to potential flooding? | [
"What had to be evacuated due to potential flooding?"
] | {
"text": [
"Entire villages"
],
"answer_start": [
669
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52198 | 5ad3918c604f3c001a3fe680 | Miami | Tourism is also an important industry in Miami. Along with finance and business, the beaches, conventions, festivals and events draw over 38 million visitors annually into the city, from across the country and around the world, spending $17.1 billion. The Art Deco District in South Beach, is reputed as one of the most ... | Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction doesn't exist in the Art Deco District? | Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction doesn't exist in the Art Deco District? | [
"Along with nightclubs, beaches and shopping, what notable attraction doesn't exist in the Art Deco District?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59827 | 56f982999b226e1400dd14ec | Zhejiang | Zhejiang, as the heartland of the Jiangnan (Yangtze River Delta), remained the wealthiest area during the Six Dynasties (220 or 222–589), Sui, and Tang. After being incorporated into the Sui dynasty, its economic richness was used for the Sui dynasty's ambitions to expand north and south, particularly into Korea and Vi... | Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China? | Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China? | [
"Which dynasty restored and expanded the network that became the Grand Canal of China?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Sui dynasty"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112545 | 5aced57a32bba1001ae4b677 | United_States_Army | Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere fro... | What does ASUT stand for? | What does ASUT stand for? | [
"What does ASUT stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39009 | 5a2c8759bfd06b001a5aebc7 | Serbo-Croatian | On the other hand, the opinion of Jagić from 1864 is argued not to have firm grounds. When Jagić says "Croatian", he refers to a few cases referring to the Dubrovnik vernacular as ilirski (Illyrian). This was a common name for all Slavic vernaculars in Dalmatian cities among the Roman inhabitants. In the meantime, othe... | What does the opinion of Roman inhabitants not have? | What does the opinion of Roman inhabitants not have? | [
"What does the opinion of Roman inhabitants not have?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84146 | 5a7e3c0b70df9f001a8755e3 | Translation | Translation of sung texts is generally much more restrictive than translation of poetry, because in the former there is little or no freedom to choose between a versified translation and a translation that dispenses with verse structure. One might modify or omit rhyme in a singing translation, but the assignment of syl... | How is translation of sung texts the exact same as translations of poetry? | How is translation of sung texts the exact same as translations of poetry? | [
"How is translation of sung texts the exact same as translations of poetry?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90395 | 5727e0603acd2414000deebb | Tibet | Tibet has some of the world's tallest mountains, with several of them making the top ten list. Mount Everest, located on the border with Nepal, is, at 8,848 metres (29,029 ft), the highest mountain on earth. Several major rivers have their source in the Tibetan Plateau (mostly in present-day Qinghai Province). These in... | Where is the source of the Yangtze river? | Where is the source of the Yangtze river? | [
"Where is the source of the Yangtze river?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tibetan Plateau"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65009 | 5ad12a95645df0001a2d104c | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Solar thermal power stations include the 354 megawatt (MW) Solar Energy Generating Systems power plant in the USA, Solnova Solar Power Station (Spain, 150 MW), Andasol solar power station (Spain, 100 MW), Nevada Solar One (USA, 64 MW), PS20 solar power tower (Spain, 20 MW), and the PS10 solar power tower (Spain, 11 MW)... | Where is the XBX20 solar power tower located? | Where is the XBX20 solar power tower located? | [
" Where is the XBX20 solar power tower located?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84808 | 57302f1fa23a5019007fcf24 | San_Diego | Due to the ratio of U.S. and Mexican-licensed stations, San Diego is the largest media market in the United States that is legally unable to support a television station duopoly between two full-power stations under FCC regulations, which disallow duopolies in metropolitan areas with fewer than nine full-power televisi... | What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV? | What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV? | [
"What company owns XHDTV-TV and XHAS-TV?"
] | {
"text": [
"Entravision Communications"
],
"answer_start": [
927
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101097 | 5a5e63da5bc9f4001a75afba | Hindu_philosophy | Pāśupatas divided the created world into the insentient and the sentient. The insentient was the unconscious and thus dependent on the sentient or conscious. The insentient was further divided into effects and causes. The effects were of ten kinds, the earth, four elements and their qualities, colour etc. The causes we... | How many effects made up the sentient? | How many effects made up the sentient? | [
"How many effects made up the sentient?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75511 | 5726a47e5951b619008f78c8 | Cubism | In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision, and second his interest in the simplification of natura... | Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further explored by whom? | Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further explored by whom? | [
"Cubists exploration of the concept of the simplification of forms into cones cylinders and spheres was further explored by whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cézanne"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31808 | 570da2de16d0071400510c2f | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Most Western and Commonwealth militaries integrate air defence purely with the traditional services, of the military (i.e. army, navy and air force), as a separate arm or as part of artillery. In the United States Army for instance, air defence is part of the artillery arm, while in the Pakistan Army, it was split off ... | Who had a separate military force for controlling nuclear ICBMs? | Who had a separate military force for controlling nuclear ICBMs? | [
"Who had a separate military force for controlling nuclear ICBMs?"
] | {
"text": [
"USSR"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54356 | 56df20e5c65bf219000b3f79 | Christian | The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוּצְרי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel. Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in mo... | Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what? | Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what? | [
"Judaism does not believe that Jesus is the what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Messiah"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72556 | 5726918f5951b619008f76ef | Greece | Following the assassination of Phillip II, his son Alexander III ("The Great") assumed the leadership of the League of Corinth and launched an invasion of the Persian Empire with the combined forces of all Greek states in 334 BC. Undefeated in battle, Alexander had conquered the Persian Empire in its entirety by 330 BC... | In which year did Alexander III die? | In which year did Alexander III die? | [
"In which year did Alexander III die?"
] | {
"text": [
"323 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
350
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76998 | 57267681708984140094c70a | Dutch_language | Unlike other Germanic languages, Dutch doesn't have phonological aspiration of consonants. Like English, Dutch did not participate in the second consonant shift. Like most Germanic languages, the Dutch consonant system did not undergo the High German consonant shift and has a syllable structure that allows fairly compl... | How would you say "good" in Dutch? | How would you say "good" in Dutch? | [
"How would you say \"good\" in Dutch?"
] | {
"text": [
"goede"
],
"answer_start": [
639
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71859 | 5726e9badd62a815002e94e6 | Capacitor | A capacitor consists of two conductors separated by a non-conductive region. The non-conductive region is called the dielectric. In simpler terms, the dielectric is just an electrical insulator. Examples of dielectric media are glass, air, paper, vacuum, and even a semiconductor depletion region chemically identical to... | What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have? | What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have? | [
"What net electric charge are capacitors assumed to have?"
] | {
"text": [
"no net electric charge"
],
"answer_start": [
400
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82941 | 56e0840c231d4119001ac23a | Saint_Helena | Education is free and compulsory between the ages of 5 and 16 The island has three primary schools for students of age 4 to 11: Harford, Pilling, and St Paul’s. Prince Andrew School provides secondary education for students aged 11 to 18. At the beginning of the academic year 2009-10, 230 students were enrolled in pri... | How many primary schools does the island have? | How many primary schools does the island have? | [
"How many primary schools does the island have?"
] | {
"text": [
"3"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91624 | 57268a5d708984140094c957 | Botany | The discipline of plant ecology was pioneered in the late 19th century by botanists such as Eugenius Warming, who produced the hypothesis that plants form communities, and his mentor and successor Christen C. Raunkiær whose system for describing plant life forms is still in use today. The concept that the composition o... | What did Warming believe that plants can do? | What did Warming believe that plants can do? | [
"What did Warming believe that plants can do?"
] | {
"text": [
"form communities"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105799 | 5a569e7f6349e2001acdce98 | Compact_disc | The die is a negative image of the glass master: typically, several are made, depending on the number of pressing mills that are to make the CD. The die then goes into a press, and the physical image is transferred to the blank CD, leaving a final positive image on the disc. A small amount of lacquer is applied as a ri... | What is the name of the positive image? | What is the name of the positive image? | [
"What is the name of the positive image?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43729 | 56cf5f6daab44d1400b89164 | Kanye_West | West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old. His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade. Growing up in the city,[which?] West became deeply involved in its hip hop scene. He star... | What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13? | What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13? | [
"What was one of the first tracks written by Kanye when he was 13?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Green Eggs and Ham\""
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40611 | 5ad69176191832001aa7b23c | Paper | Worldwide consumption of paper has risen by 400% in the past 40 years leading to increase in deforestation, with 35% of harvested trees being used for paper manufacture. Most paper companies also plant trees to help regrow forests. Logging of old growth forests accounts for less than 10% of wood pulp, but is one of the... | What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees? | What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees? | [
" What percentage of wood pulp comes from new-growth trees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66448 | 5acea46832bba1001ae4aeaf | Brigham_Young_University | Scientists associated with BYU have created some notable inventions. Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of the electronic television, received his education at BYU, and later returned to do fusion research, receiving an honorary degree from the university. Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic so... | Who did Harvey Farnsworth carry out the oil-drop experiment with? | Who did Harvey Farnsworth carry out the oil-drop experiment with? | [
"Who did Harvey Farnsworth carry out the oil-drop experiment with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26770 | 5709b61eed30961900e84446 | United_States_dollar | When the Federal Reserve makes a purchase, it credits the seller's reserve account (with the Federal Reserve). This money is not transferred from any existing funds—it is at this point that the Federal Reserve has created new high-powered money. Commercial banks can freely withdraw in cash any excess reserves from thei... | Which organization stamps coins? | Which organization stamps coins? | [
"Which organization stamps coins?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bureau of the Mint"
],
"answer_start": [
607
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54180 | 56defc4bc65bf219000b3e87 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The RCAF and Joint Task Force (North) (JTFN) also maintain at various points throughout Canada's northern region a chain of forward operating locations, each capable of supporting fighter operations. Elements of CF-18 squadrons periodically deploy to these airports for short training exercises or Arctic sovereignty pat... | What can each forwarding operation location provide? | What can each forwarding operation location provide? | [
"What can each forwarding operation location provide?"
] | {
"text": [
"fighter operations"
],
"answer_start": [
180
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22059 | 570b0878ec8fbc190045b7f9 | Aircraft_carrier | One CATOBAR carrier: São Paulo is a Clemenceau-class aircraft carrier currently in service with the Brazilian Navy. São Paulo was first commissioned in 1963 by the French Navy as Foch and was transferred in 2000 to Brazil, where she became the new flagship of the Brazilian Navy. During the period from 2005–2010, São Pa... | What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010? | What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010? | [
"What did Sao Paulo undergo during the period from 2005-2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"extensive modernization"
],
"answer_start": [
334
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29193 | 571af2219499d21900609bb4 | Pharmaceutical_industry | An investigation by ProPublica found that at least 21 doctors have been paid more than $500,000 for speeches and consulting by drugs manufacturers since 2009, with half of the top earners working in psychiatry, and about $2 billion in total paid to doctors for such services. AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly... | Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies? | Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies? | [
"Billions of dollars have been paid by which companies?"
] | {
"text": [
"AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson and Eli Lilly"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-291 | 56f953f49b226e1400dd132a | Marshall_Islands | The majority of the citizens of the Marshall Islands are of Marshallese descent, though there are small numbers of immigrants from the United States, China, Philippines and other Pacific islands. The two official languages are Marshallese, which is a member of the Malayo-Polynesian languages, and English. Almost the en... | Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands? | Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands? | [
"Along with the United Church of Christ and the UCCCMI, what is a main religion of the Marshall Islands?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Assemblies of God"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8566 | 56df54f18bc80c19004e4abd | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The international borders of the RSFSR touched Poland on the west; Norway and Finland on the northwest; and to its southeast were the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Mongolian People's Republic, and the People's Republic of China. Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, L... | Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west? | Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west? | [
"Which Soviet countries did the RSFSR border on the west?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Ukrainian, Belarusian, Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian SSRs"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29177 | 5ad3b079604f3c001a3fecaa | Pharmaceutical_industry | Every major company selling the antipsychotics — Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson — has either settled recent government cases, under the False Claims Act, for hundreds of millions of dollars or is currently under investigation for possible health care fraud. Following charges ... | What companies have been involved with wrongdoing? | What companies have been involved with wrongdoing? | [
"What companies have been involved with wrongdoing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51067 | 570a83046d058f1900182ef8 | Old_English | Old English contained a certain number of loanwords from Latin, which was the scholarly and diplomatic lingua franca of Western Europe. It is sometimes possible to give approximate dates for the borrowing of individual Latin words based on which patterns of sound change they have undergone. Some Latin words had already... | In what year did the Norman Conquest occur? | In what year did the Norman Conquest occur? | [
"In what year did the Norman Conquest occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"1066"
],
"answer_start": [
859
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34020 | 5ad40cfc604f3c001a40009a | Alaska | Employment is primarily in government and industries such as natural resource extraction, shipping, and transportation. Military bases are a significant component of the economy in the Fairbanks North Star, Anchorage and Kodiak Island boroughs, as well as Kodiak. Federal subsidies are also an important part of the econ... | In which Alaskan areas are civilian bases prevalent as an important part of the local economy? | In which Alaskan areas are civilian bases prevalent as an important part of the local economy? | [
"In which Alaskan areas are civilian bases prevalent as an important part of the local economy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25977 | 57098edded30961900e84310 | Copper | Together with caesium and gold (both yellow), and osmium (bluish), copper is one of only four elemental metals with a natural color other than gray or silver. Pure copper is orange-red and acquires a reddish tarnish when exposed to air. The characteristic color of copper results from the electronic transitions between ... | What does copper aquire when exposed to air? | What does copper aquire when exposed to air? | [
"What does copper aquire when exposed to air?"
] | {
"text": [
"reddish tarnish"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52636 | 572973b56aef051400154f03 | Planck_constant | A further complication is that the measurement of γ′p involves the measurement of an electric current: this is invariably measured in conventional amperes rather than in SI amperes, so a conversion factor is required. The symbol Γ′p-90 is used for the measured gyromagnetic ratio using conventional electrical units. In ... | How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio? | How do conversion factors compare in "low-field" and "high-field" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio? | [
"How do conversion factors compare in \"low-field\" and \"high-field\" methods of measuring the gyromagnetic ratio?"
] | {
"text": [
"the conversion factors are different in the two cases"
],
"answer_start": [
428
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105678 | 5a551d22134fea001a0e193c | Communications_in_Somalia | In December 2012, Hormuud Telecom launched its Tri-Band 3G service for internet and mobile clients. The first of its kind in the country, this third generation mobile telecommunications technology offers users a faster and more secure connection. | What does Tri-Band stand for? | What does Tri-Band stand for? | [
"What does Tri-Band stand for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101493 | 56d4bc242ccc5a1400d8318c | Dog | The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both of the domesticated and feral varieties. The English word dog comes from Middle English dogge, from Old English docga, a "powerful dog breed". The term may possibly derive from Proto-Germanic *dukkōn, represented in Old English finger-docce ("finger-muscle"). The word ... | What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from? | What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word "dog" came from? | [
"What may be the earliest vocabulary that the word \"dog\" came from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Proto-Indo-European"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85195 | 57278aac708984140094e05b | Supreme_court | The titles of state supreme court vary, which can cause confusion between jurisdictions because one state may use a name for its highest court that another uses for a lower court. In New York, Maryland, and the District of Columbia the highest court is called the Court of Appeals, a name used by many states for their i... | Supreme Courts in New York serve what function? | Supreme Courts in New York serve what function? | [
"Supreme Courts in New York serve what function?"
] | {
"text": [
"trial courts of general jurisdiction"
],
"answer_start": [
359
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102973 | 57280b6b4b864d19001642ee | Unicode | Instructions are also embedded in fonts to tell the operating system how to properly output different character sequences. A simple solution to the placement of combining marks or diacritics is assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing (depending on th... | what is a solution to the placement of combining marks? | what is a solution to the placement of combining marks? | [
"what is a solution to the placement of combining marks? "
] | {
"text": [
"assigning the marks a width of zero and placing the glyph itself to the left or right of the left sidebearing"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65209 | 5726bf8b708984140094d04d | Crimean_War | Russia, as a member of the Holy Alliance, had operated as the "police of Europe", maintaining the balance of power that had been established in the Treaty of Vienna in 1815. Russia had assisted Austria's efforts in suppressing the Hungarian Revolution of 1848, and expected gratitude; it wanted a free hand in settling i... | Who operated as the "police of Europe"? | Who operated as the "police of Europe"? | [
"Who operated as the \"police of Europe\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russia"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4036 | 56d4e0e92ccc5a1400d832dd | Beyoncé | Beyoncé has stated that she is personally inspired by US First Lady Michelle Obama, saying "She proves you can do it all" and she has described Oprah Winfrey as "the definition of inspiration and a strong woman". She has also discussed how Jay Z is a continuing inspiration to her, both with what she describes as his ly... | Who inspired Beyoncé to take control of her career? | Who inspired Beyoncé to take control of her career? | [
"Who inspired Beyoncé to take control of her career?"
] | {
"text": [
"Madonna"
],
"answer_start": [
621
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32717 | 570e1bd10b85d914000d7cd0 | Antarctica | The Argentine, British and Chilean claims all overlap, and have caused friction. On 18 December 2012, the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office named a previously unnamed area Queen Elizabeth Land in tribute to Queen Elizabeth II's Diamond Jubilee. On 22 December 2012, the UK ambassador to Argentina, John Freeman, wa... | Of what war was 2012 the anniversary? | Of what war was 2012 the anniversary? | [
"Of what war was 2012 the anniversary?"
] | {
"text": [
"Falklands War"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1391 | 57313ec3497a881900248cc6 | Mosaic | Greek figural mosaics could have been copied or adapted paintings, a far more prestigious artform, and the style was enthusiastically adopted by the Romans so that large floor mosaics enriched the floors of Hellenistic villas and Roman dwellings from Britain to Dura-Europos. Most recorded names of Roman mosaic workers ... | Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas? | Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas? | [
"Which culture adapted the use of mosaics for large ground coverings in their villas?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
145
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10445 | 56e02b8d231d4119001abf78 | Comics | Illustrated magazines for Western expatriates introduced Western-style satirical cartoons to Japan in the late 19th century. New publications in both the Western and Japanese styles became popular, and at the end of the 1890s, American-style newspaper comics supplements began to appear in Japan, as well as some America... | Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times? | Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times? | [
"Who started the first Japanese comic strip in modern times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Rakuten Kitazawa"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111160 | 5731906a497a881900249040 | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | The Romans are known for the great number of deities they honored, a capacity that earned the mockery of early Christian polemicists. The presence of Greeks on the Italian peninsula from the beginning of the historical period influenced Roman culture, introducing some religious practices that became as fundamental as t... | What group was an influence to Roman culture? | What group was an influence to Roman culture? | [
"What group was an influence to Roman culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greeks"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100720 | 5a284f28d1a287001a6d0b44 | Post-punk | In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art t... | What elements were never combined with punk? | What elements were never combined with punk? | [
"What elements were never combined with punk?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92719 | 5a6fddda8abb0b001a675fdf | Alsace | Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned ... | How many men from Alsace alone were conscripted into the German army? | How many men from Alsace alone were conscripted into the German army? | [
"How many men from Alsace alone were conscripted into the German army?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14147 | 56f97eb89e9bad19000a09c5 | Brain | One of the primary functions of a brain is to extract biologically relevant information from sensory inputs. The human brain is provided with information about light, sound, the chemical composition of the atmosphere, temperature, head orientation, limb position, the chemical composition of the bloodstream, and more. I... | The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what? | The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what? | [
"The group of animals that can detect magnetic fields is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"birds"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81065 | 5ad16c46645df0001a2d1aa1 | Queen_Victoria | In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically we... | Who was annoyed that Victoria wasn't welcomed at each of her visits to central England? | Who was annoyed that Victoria wasn't welcomed at each of her visits to central England? | [
"Who was annoyed that Victoria wasn't welcomed at each of her visits to central England?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5352 | 5727a40bff5b5019007d91b1 | Digimon | "Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the ... | Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same? | Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same? | [
"Are the children who accompany the digimon always the same?"
] | {
"text": [
"The group of children who come in contact with the Digital World changes from series to series"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105513 | 5a54fc09134fea001a0e17a4 | Communications_in_Somalia | On March 22, 2012, the Somali Cabinet unanimously approved the National Communications Act, which paves the way for the establishment of a National Communications regulator in the broadcasting and telecommunications sectors. The bill was passed following consultations between government representatives and communicatio... | How many people approved the National Communications Act? | How many people approved the National Communications Act? | [
"How many people approved the National Communications Act?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30770 | 57267b3c708984140094c78e | Mexico_City | In 1941, the General Anaya borough was merged to the Central Department, which was then renamed "Mexico City" (thus reviving the name, but not the autonomous municipality). From 1941 to 1970, the Federal District comprised twelve delegaciones and Mexico City. In 1970 Mexico City was split into four different delegacion... | Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into? | Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into? | [
"Which boroughs was the Mexico City borough split into?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cuauhtémoc, Miguel Hidalgo, Venustiano Carranza and Benito Juárez"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4594 | 572804594b864d190016423d | Pope_John_XXIII | Maintaining continuity with his predecessors, John XXIII continued the gradual reform of the Roman liturgy, and published changes that resulted in the 1962 Roman Missal, the last typical edition containing the Tridentine Mass established in 1570 by Pope Pius V at the request of the Council of Trent and whose continued ... | Pope Benedict XVI authorized continued use of the Roman Missal in what year? | Pope Benedict XVI authorized continued use of the Roman Missal in what year? | [
"Pope Benedict XVI authorized continued use of the Roman Missal in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
356
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31434 | 5a63e3c77f3c80001a150b7c | Germans | The work of David Hilbert and Max Planck was crucial to the foundation of modern physics, which Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrödinger developed further. They were preceded by such key physicists as Hermann von Helmholtz, Joseph von Fraunhofer, and Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, among others. Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discov... | Who got a Nobel Prize in Physics in the 19th century for discovering the X-ray? | Who got a Nobel Prize in Physics in the 19th century for discovering the X-ray? | [
"Who got a Nobel Prize in Physics in the 19th century for discovering the X-ray?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26136 | 5726a8d25951b619008f7955 | Edmund_Burke | On 4 April 1786, Burke presented the Commons with the Article of Charge of High Crimes and Misdemeanors against Hastings. The impeachment in Westminster Hall, which did not begin until 14 February 1788, would be the "first major public discursive event of its kind in England", bringing the morality and duty of imperial... | When did Burke charge Hastings for impeachment? | When did Burke charge Hastings for impeachment? | [
"When did Burke charge Hastings for impeachment?"
] | {
"text": [
"4 April 1786"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61648 | 5728229d4b864d190016452f | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | Bannerman Park is a Victorian-style park located near the downtown. The park was officially opened in 1891 by Sir Alexander Bannerman, Governor of the Colony of Newfoundland who donated the land to create the park. Today the park contains a public swimming pool, playground, a baseball diamond and many large open grassy... | Where does the Tely 10 Mile Road Race end? | Where does the Tely 10 Mile Road Race end? | [
"Where does the Tely 10 Mile Road Race end?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bannerman Park"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95507 | 5ad3d580604f3c001a3ff2d3 | Yale_University | Expansion caused controversy about Yale's new roles. Noah Porter, moral philosopher, was president from 1871 to 1886. During an age of tremendous expansion in higher education, Porter resisted the rise of the new research university, claiming that an eager embrace of its ideals would corrupt undergraduate education. Ma... | What caused agreement about Yale's new position? | What caused agreement about Yale's new position? | [
"What caused agreement about Yale's new position?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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