gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-103688 | 5a3bfa41cc5d22001a521c93 | East_Prussia | Through publicly funded emergency relief programs concentrating on agricultural land-improvement projects and road construction, the "Erich Koch Plan" for East Prussia allegedly made the province free of unemployment; on August 16, 1933 Koch reported to Hitler that unemployment had been banished entirely from East Prus... | What religion was Erich Koch? | What religion was Erich Koch? | [
"What religion was Erich Koch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29745 | 570cda09b3d812140066d2c5 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | From the early stages of Christianity, belief in the virginity of Mary and the virgin conception of Jesus, as stated in the gospels, holy and supernatural, was used by detractors, both political and religious, as a topic for discussions, debates and writings, specifically aimed to challenge the divinity of Jesus and th... | Origen was a Church Father in which Egyptian city? | Origen was a Church Father in which Egyptian city? | [
"Origen was a Church Father in which Egyptian city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alexandria"
],
"answer_start": [
584
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23755 | 5acfafea77cf76001a685870 | Federalism | The post-Imperial nature of Russian subdivision of government changed towards a generally autonomous model which began with the establishment of the USSR (of which Russia was governed as part). It was liberalized in the aftermath of the Soviet Union, with the reforms under Boris Yeltsin preserving much of the Soviet st... | What happened to Prussia's subdivision of government? | What happened to Prussia's subdivision of government? | [
"What happened to Prussia's subdivision of government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14175 | 56f9859b9e9bad19000a0a1f | Brain | Sleep involves great changes in brain activity. Until the 1950s it was generally believed that the brain essentially shuts off during sleep, but this is now known to be far from true; activity continues, but patterns become very different. There are two types of sleep: REM sleep (with dreaming) and NREM (non-REM, usual... | The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what? | The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what? | [
"The three types of brain activity that can be measured are what?"
] | {
"text": [
"REM, light NREM and deep NREM"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52139 | 5ad38cdf604f3c001a3fe5dc | Miami | In 1960, non-Hispanic whites represented 80% of Miami-Dade county's population. In 1970, the Census Bureau reported Miami's population as 45.3% Hispanic, 32.9% non-Hispanic White, and 22.7% Black. Miami's explosive population growth has been driven by internal migration from other parts of the country, primarily up unt... | What percentage of the Miami population in 1907 was black? | What percentage of the Miami population in 1907 was black? | [
"What percentage of the Miami population in 1907 was black?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15105 | 572f6da8a23a5019007fc61a | Hyderabad | In 1713 Farrukhsiyar, the Mughal emperor, appointed Asif Jah I to be Viceroy of the Deccan, with the title Nizam-ul-Mulk (Administrator of the Realm). In 1724, Asif Jah I defeated Mubariz Khan to establish autonomy over the Deccan Suba, named the region Hyderabad Deccan, and started what came to be known as the Asif Ja... | In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I? | In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I? | [
"In what year was Mubariz Khan defeated by Asif Jah I?"
] | {
"text": [
"1724"
],
"answer_start": [
154
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24158 | 57294a001d0469140077925e | Bermuda | The end of the war, however, was to cause profound change in Bermuda, though some of those changes would take decades to crystallise. Following the war, with the buildup of Naval and military forces in Bermuda, the primary leg of the Bermudian economy became defence infrastructure. Even after tourism began later in the... | What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons? | What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons? | [
"What happened to Bermuda's independance due to British importance on them for military reasons?"
] | {
"text": [
"the colony's independence on the world stage was diminished"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70075 | 59d2a07b2763a60018284130 | Great_Plains | Much of the Great Plains became open range, or rangeland where cattle roamed free, hosting ranching operations where anyone was theoretically free to run cattle. In the spring and fall, ranchers held roundups where their cowboys branded new calves, treated animals and sorted the cattle for sale. Such ranching began in ... | Where were the cattle shipped eastward to during the late 1800s? | Where were the cattle shipped eastward to during the late 1800s? | [
"Where were the cattle shipped eastward to during the late 1800s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92720 | 5a6fddda8abb0b001a675fe0 | Alsace | Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned ... | 130,000 men were involved in what massacre? | 130,000 men were involved in what massacre? | [
"130,000 men were involved in what massacre?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43358 | 57260a8fec44d21400f3d82f | Korean_War | Korea was ruled by Japan from 1910 until the closing days of World War II. In August 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and—by agreement with the United States—occupied Korea north of the 38th parallel. U.S. forces subsequently occupied the south and Japan surrendered. By 1948, two separate governments had be... | How many countries assisted in the defense of South Korea? | How many countries assisted in the defense of South Korea? | [
"How many countries assisted in the defense of South Korea?"
] | {
"text": [
"Twenty-one"
],
"answer_start": [
893
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100716 | 572f64e9947a6a140053c91f | Post-punk | In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art t... | What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from? | What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from? | [
"What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from?"
] | {
"text": [
"derelict industrial environments"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39159 | 5731ddf6e99e3014001e636f | Protestantism | Protestants reject the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine that it is the one true church, believing in the invisible church, which consists of all who profess faith in Jesus Christ. Some Protestant denominations are less accepting of other denominations, and the basic orthodoxy of some is questioned by most of the others... | Who comprises the invisible church? | Who comprises the invisible church? | [
"Who comprises the invisible church?"
] | {
"text": [
"all who profess faith in Jesus Christ"
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91771 | 57278345708984140094dfae | Botany | Plant anatomy is the study of the structure of plant cells and tissues, whereas plant morphology is the study of their external form. All plants are multicellular eukaryotes, their DNA stored in nuclei. The characteristic features of plant cells that distinguish them from those of animals and fungi include a primary ce... | What is the study of the outside of plants? | What is the study of the outside of plants? | [
"What is the study of the outside of plants?"
] | {
"text": [
"plant morphology"
],
"answer_start": [
80
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11314 | 57276d2ff1498d1400e8f7da | North_Carolina | North Carolina averages fewer than 20 tornadoes per year, many of them produced by hurricanes or tropical storms along the coastal plain. Tornadoes from thunderstorms are a risk, especially in the eastern part of the state. The western Piedmont is often protected by the mountains, which tend to break up storms as they ... | What weather phenomenom can weaken storms but cause major ice events in NW North Carolina? | What weather phenomenom can weaken storms but cause major ice events in NW North Carolina? | [
"What weather phenomenom can weaken storms but cause major ice events in NW North Carolina?"
] | {
"text": [
"cold air damming"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-365 | 56f959be9b226e1400dd137e | Marshall_Islands | Catholic missionary Father A. Erdland, from the Sacred Heart Jesu Society based in Hiltrup, Germany, lived on Jaluit from around 1904 to 1914. He was very interested in the islands and conducted considerable research on the Marshallese culture and language. He published a 376-page monograph on the islands in 1914. Fath... | What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of? | What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of? | [
"What Catholic group was Father Erdland a part of?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Sacred Heart Jesu Society"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37596 | 57282cb83acd2414000df647 | London | Other mammals found in Greater London are hedgehogs, rats, mice, rabbit, shrew, vole, and squirrels, In wilder areas of Outer London, such as Epping Forest, a wide variety of mammals are found including hare, badger, field, bank and water vole, wood mouse, yellow-necked mouse, mole, shrew, and weasel, in addition to fo... | Epping Forest is home for how many species of bats? | Epping Forest is home for how many species of bats? | [
"Epping Forest is home for how many species of bats?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ten"
],
"answer_start": [
537
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44271 | 5731e2a6e99e3014001e63b6 | Bras%C3%ADlia | The Palácio da Alvorada is the official residence of the President of Brazil. The palace was designed, along with the rest of the city of Brasília, by Oscar Niemeyer and inaugurated in 1958. One of the first structures built in the republic's new capital city, the "Alvorada" lies on a peninsula at the margins of Lake P... | What principles of architecture was the Alvorada designed with? | What principles of architecture was the Alvorada designed with? | [
"What principles of architecture was the Alvorada designed with?"
] | {
"text": [
"simplicity and modernity"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102200 | 5ad3aa61604f3c001a3feb3f | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | 525 and 625-line systems are not considered what? | 525 and 625-line systems are not considered what? | [
" 525 and 625-line systems are not considered what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40102 | 572b8ba1be1ee31400cb842e | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second hal... | In modern day which of the stadiums have continue to host minor sport leagues? | In modern day which of the stadiums have continue to host minor sport leagues? | [
"In modern day which of the stadiums have continue to host minor sport leagues?"
] | {
"text": [
"Yale Field"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46676 | 5726768b5951b619008f7366 | Department_store | In the 21st century the most famous department store in Russia is GUM in Moscow, followed by TsUM and the Petrovsky Passage. Other popular stores are Mega (shopping malls), Stockmann, and Marks & Spencer. Media Markt, M-video, Technosila, and White Wind (Beliy Veter) sell large number of electronic devices. In St. Pete... | When was the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed? | When was the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed? | [
"When was the movie depicting soviet department stores filmed? "
] | {
"text": [
"1956"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88110 | 5a3c7fdccc5d22001a521de3 | God | Stephen Hawking and co-author Leonard Mlodinow state in their book, The Grand Design, that it is reasonable to ask who or what created the universe, but if the answer is God, then the question has merely been deflected to that of who created God. Both authors claim however, that it is possible to answer these questions... | What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God? | What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God? | [
"What does Stephen Hawking think we can know about God?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80180 | 5a628da1f8d794001af1c0d2 | Samoa | Some Samoans are spiritual and religious, and have subtly adapted the dominant religion of Christianity to 'fit in' with fa'a Samoa and vice versa. As such, ancient beliefs continue to co-exist side-by-side with Christianity, particularly in regard to the traditional customs and rituals of fa'a Samoa. The Samoan cultur... | How much of the population believe in fa'a Samoa? | How much of the population believe in fa'a Samoa? | [
"How much of the population believe in fa'a Samoa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5108 | 56e153fee3433e1400422dc4 | Boston | Like many major American cities, Boston has seen a great reduction in violent crime since the early 1990s. Boston's low crime rate since the 1990s has been credited to the Boston Police Department's collaboration with neighborhood groups and church parishes to prevent youths from joining gangs, as well as involvement f... | Since the early 1990's, Boston has had less of what type of crime? | Since the early 1990's, Boston has had less of what type of crime? | [
"Since the early 1990's, Boston has had less of what type of crime?"
] | {
"text": [
"violent crime"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18055 | 5a10e4ae06e79900185c345d | Internet_service_provider | A wireless Internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a network based on wireless networking. Technology may include commonplace Wi-Fi wireless mesh networking, or proprietary equipment designed to operate over open 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz, 4.9, 5.2, 5.4, 5.7, and 5.8 GHz bands or licensed frequenci... | What operates unlicensed frequencies? | What operates unlicensed frequencies? | [
"What operates unlicensed frequencies?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68576 | 570ad7b26d058f190018311a | Mesozoic | The Early Jurassic spans from 200 million years to 175 million years ago. The climate was much more humid than the Triassic, and as a result, the world was very tropical. In the oceans, Plesiosaurs, Ichthyosaurs and Ammonites fill waters as the dominant races of the seas. On land, dinosaurs and other reptiles stake the... | What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic? | What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic? | [
"What is the span of years for the Early Jurassic?"
] | {
"text": [
"200 million years to 175 million"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108722 | 5a7cfbcee8bc7e001a9e20fd | Literature | Definitions of literature have varied over time; it is a "culturally relative definition". In Western Europe prior to the eighteenth century, literature as a term indicated all books and writing. A more restricted sense of the term emerged during the Romantic period, in which it began to demarcate "imaginative" literat... | What period brought a term that was more unrestricted to describe literature? | What period brought a term that was more unrestricted to describe literature? | [
"What period brought a term that was more unrestricted to describe literature?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98826 | 5a5ac2cd9c0277001abe7181 | Heresy | In the Roman Catholic Church, obstinate and willful manifest heresy is considered to spiritually cut one off from the Church, even before excommunication is incurred. The Codex Justinianus (1:5:12) defines "everyone who is not devoted to the Catholic Church and to our Orthodox holy Faith" a heretic. The Church had alwa... | When did the Church stop dealing harshly with heritics? | When did the Church stop dealing harshly with heritics? | [
"When did the Church stop dealing harshly with heritics?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18157 | 5ad0b728645df0001a2d0139 | Eritrea | In 1888, the Italian administration launched its first development projects in the new colony. The Eritrean Railway was completed to Saati in 1888, and reached Asmara in the highlands in 1911. The Asmara–Massawa Cableway was the longest line in the world during its time, but was later dismantled by the British in World... | In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start? | In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start? | [
"In what year did the Italo-Turkish War start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69281 | 570a059c6d058f1900182c75 | Houston | Though Houston is the largest city in the United States without formal zoning regulations, it has developed similarly to other Sun Belt cities because the city's land use regulations and legal covenants have played a similar role. Regulations include mandatory lot size for single-family houses and requirements that par... | What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared? | What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared? | [
"What serious situation of 2008 was Houston spared?"
] | {
"text": [
"real estate crisis"
],
"answer_start": [
656
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33937 | 5ad40a07604f3c001a3fff70 | Alaska | The Aleutian Islands are still home to the Aleut people's seafaring society, although they were the first Native Alaskans to be exploited by Russians. Western and Southwestern Alaska are home to the Yup'ik, while their cousins the Alutiiq ~ Sugpiaq lived in what is now Southcentral Alaska. The Gwich'in people of the no... | Which indigenous group is controversially known for hunting caribou on unprotected land? | Which indigenous group is controversially known for hunting caribou on unprotected land? | [
"Which indigenous group is controversially known for hunting caribou on unprotected land?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62570 | 5a7b8bc121c2de001afea134 | Software_testing | There are generally four recognized levels of tests: unit testing, integration testing, component interface testing, and system testing. Tests are frequently grouped by where they are added in the software development process, or by the level of specificity of the test. The main levels during the development process as... | What are the four unrecognized levels of tests? | What are the four unrecognized levels of tests? | [
"What are the four unrecognized levels of tests?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87891 | 5ad3d675604f3c001a3ff2fb | Tristan_da_Cunha | The archipelago has a wet oceanic climate with pleasant temperatures but consistent moderate to heavy rainfall and very limited sunshine, due to the persistent westerly winds. The number of rainy days is comparable to the Aleutian Islands at a much higher latitude in the northern hemisphere, while sunshine hours are co... | To where can moonlight hours be compared? | To where can moonlight hours be compared? | [
"To where can moonlight hours be compared?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64120 | 5ace899432bba1001ae4a9bd | Annelid | Some polychaetes breed only once in their lives, while others breed almost continuously or through several breeding seasons. While most polychaetes remain of one sex all their lives, a significant percentage of species are full hermaphrodites or change sex during their lives. Most polychaetes whose reproduction has bee... | What do all non-single-sex polychaetes do? | What do all non-single-sex polychaetes do? | [
"What do all non-single-sex polychaetes do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-609 | 56df5a2b96943c1400a5d3f4 | Plymouth | In 1919 Nancy Astor was elected the first ever female member of parliament to take office in the British Houses of Parliament for the constituency of Plymouth Sutton. Taking over office from her husband Waldorf Astor, Lady Astor was a vibrantly active campaigner for her resident constituents . Plymouth was granted city... | In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor? | In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor? | [
"In what year did Plymouth receive its first Lord Mayor?"
] | {
"text": [
"1935"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32044 | 5726fc4f708984140094d7bd | Myanmar | Myanmar's armed forces are known as the Tatmadaw, which numbers 488,000. The Tatmadaw comprises the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force. The country ranked twelfth in the world for its number of active troops in service. The military is very influential in Myanmar, with all top cabinet and ministry posts usually held by ... | What is the name of the military in Burma ? | What is the name of the military in Burma ? | [
"What is the name of the military in Burma ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tatmadaw"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28781 | 5ad35897604f3c001a3fde31 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1903 Hermann Emil Fischer and Joseph von Mering disclosed their discovery that diethylbarbituric acid, formed from the reaction of diethylmalonic acid, phosphorus oxychloride and urea, induces sleep in dogs. The discovery was patented and licensed to Bayer pharmaceuticals, which marketed the compound under the trade... | What is acid used for today? | What is acid used for today? | [
"What is acid used for today?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37712 | 5728be124b864d1900164d30 | London | There are a number of business schools in London, including the London School of Business and Finance, Cass Business School (part of City University London), Hult International Business School, ESCP Europe, European Business School London, Imperial College Business School and the London Business School. London is also ... | City University London is related to what specialized business school? | City University London is related to what specialized business school? | [
"City University London is related to what specialized business school?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cass Business School"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72226 | 572630b389a1e219009ac526 | Greece | While most of mainland Greece and the Aegean islands was under Ottoman control by the end of the 15th century, Cyprus and Crete remained Venetian territory and did not fall to the Ottomans until 1571 and 1670 respectively. The only part of the Greek-speaking world that escaped long-term Ottoman rule was the Ionian Isla... | The Ottomans controlled what islands b y the end of the 15th century? | The Ottomans controlled what islands b y the end of the 15th century? | [
"The Ottomans controlled what islands b y the end of the 15th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aegean islands"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95244 | 56df983d38dc4217001520ab | Alexander_Graham_Bell | In January 1915, Bell made the first ceremonial transcontinental telephone call. Calling from the AT&T head office at 15 Dey Street in New York City, Bell was heard by Thomas Watson at 333 Grant Avenue in San Francisco. The New York Times reported: | What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from? | What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from? | [
"What company office did Bell make the original cross country phone call from?"
] | {
"text": [
"AT&T"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85009 | 5a284cb7d1a287001a6d0b23 | Mali | The president serves as a chief of state and commander in chief of the armed forces. A prime minister appointed by the president serves as head of government and in turn appoints the Council of Ministers. The unicameral National Assembly is Mali's sole legislative body, consisting of deputies elected to five-year terms... | Who held 160 seats in the assembly after the 2007 elections? | Who held 160 seats in the assembly after the 2007 elections? | [
"Who held 160 seats in the assembly after the 2007 elections?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75935 | 5706131752bb891400689860 | The_Times | In the dystopian future world of George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, The Times has been transformed into the organ of the totalitarian ruling party, its editorials—of which several are quoted in the book—reflecting Big Brother's pronouncements. | What kind of future world did George Orwell create in his novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four? | What kind of future world did George Orwell create in his novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four? | [
"What kind of future world did George Orwell create in his novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four?"
] | {
"text": [
"dystopian"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32944 | 572821484b864d190016451e | Central_African_Republic | Agriculture is dominated by the cultivation and sale of food crops such as cassava, peanuts, maize, sorghum, millet, sesame, and plantain. The annual real GDP growth rate is just above 3%. The importance of food crops over exported cash crops is indicated by the fact that the total production of cassava, the staple foo... | Which insect hinders livestock development? | Which insect hinders livestock development? | [
"Which insect hinders livestock development?"
] | {
"text": [
"tsetse fly"
],
"answer_start": [
905
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81977 | 572aa35334ae481900deabed | Royal_assent | In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage ... | Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent? | Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent? | [
"Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent?"
] | {
"text": [
"the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11113 | 5ad2ee84604f3c001a3fd9f2 | Anthropology | Anthropology of development tends to view development from a critical perspective. The kind of issues addressed and implications for the approach simply involve pondering why, if a key development goal is to alleviate poverty, is poverty increasing? Why is there such a gap between plans and outcomes? Why are those work... | What type of development rarely fails? | What type of development rarely fails? | [
"What type of development rarely fails?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40297 | 572bcf17be1ee31400cb849c | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven was the location of one of Jim Morrison's infamous arrests while he fronted the rock group The Doors. The near-riotous concert and arrest in 1967 at the New Haven Arena was commemorated by Morrison in the lyrics to "Peace Frog" which include the line "...blood in the streets in the town of New Haven..." This ... | The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment? | The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment? | [
"The movie The Doors however did not film at New Haven, instead where did they film the reenactment? "
] | {
"text": [
"Los Angeles"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115443 | 56eaab375a205f1900d6d3e8 | Political_corruption | Snyder and Strömberg found "that a poor fit between newspaper markets and political districts reduces press coverage of politics. ... Congressmen who are less covered by the local press work less for their constituencies: they are less likely to stand witness before congressional hearings ... . Federal spending is lowe... | Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing? | Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing? | [
"Campaign spending and what fell after the Post stopped publishing?"
] | {
"text": [
"voter turnout"
],
"answer_start": [
637
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8403 | 57268bbfdd62a815002e88fa | Thuringia | The traditional energy supply of Thuringia is lignite, mined in the bordering Leipzig region. Since 2000, the importance of environmentally unfriendly lignite combustion has declined in favour of renewable energies, which reached an amount of 40% (in 2013), and more clean gas combustion, often carried out as Cogenerati... | How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out? | How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out? | [
"How is most of Thuringia's clean gas consumption carried out?"
] | {
"text": [
"carried out as Cogeneration in the municipal power stations"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9800 | 5727f23f2ca10214002d9a1b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In May 1948, following the British withdrawal, King Farouk sent the Egyptian army into Palestine, with Nasser serving in the 6th Infantry Battalion. During the war, he wrote of the Egyptian army's unpreparedness, saying "our soldiers were dashed against fortifications". Nasser was deputy commander of the Egyptian force... | What army surrounded Nasser's brigade? | What army surrounded Nasser's brigade? | [
"What army surrounded Nasser's brigade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Israeli"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28003 | 572e8213c246551400ce427c | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindler's List (1993) and Saving Private Ryan (1998). Three of Spielberg's films—Jaws (1975), E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982), and Jurassic Park (1993)—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of al... | How much money is Steven Spielberg worth? | How much money is Steven Spielberg worth? | [
"How much money is Steven Spielberg worth?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than $3 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
472
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27502 | 573018a5947a6a140053d0da | Liberia | In 1822, the American Colonization Society began sending African-American volunteers to the Pepper Coast to establish a colony for freed African Americans. By 1867, the ACS (and state-related chapters) had assisted in the migration of more than 13,000 African Americans to Liberia. These free African Americans and their... | African Americans were sent to the pepper coast to do what? | African Americans were sent to the pepper coast to do what? | [
"African Americans were sent to the pepper coast to do what?"
] | {
"text": [
"establish a colony for freed African Americans."
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31985 | 5726e7a1dd62a815002e9499 | Myanmar | Opinions differ whether the transition to liberal democracy is underway. According to some reports, the military's presence continues as the label 'disciplined democracy' suggests. This label asserts that the Burmese military is allowing certain civil liberties while clandestinely institutionalising itself further into... | Does the military presence interfere with the day to day running of the government ? | Does the military presence interfere with the day to day running of the government ? | [
"Does the military presence interfere with the day to day running of the government ?"
] | {
"text": [
"reforms only occurred when the military was able to safeguard its own interests"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80328 | 572fb096a23a5019007fc8a4 | Bacteria | Gram-positive bacteria possess a thick cell wall containing many layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acids. In contrast, gram-negative bacteria have a relatively thin cell wall consisting of a few layers of peptidoglycan surrounded by a second lipid membrane containing lipopolysaccharides and lipoproteins. Lipopolysac... | What can different structure of the cell walls of bacteria effect? | What can different structure of the cell walls of bacteria effect? | [
"What can different structure of the cell walls of bacteria effect?"
] | {
"text": [
"differences in antibiotic susceptibility"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45434 | 5728ca834b864d1900164e36 | Sahara | Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja l... | What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs? | What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs? | [
"What was the traditional language of Bureaucratic affairs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Arabic"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47156 | 5726cf30f1498d1400e8ebe4 | Madonna_(entertainer) | In September 1993, Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show World Tour, in which she dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix surrounded by topless dancers. In Puerto Rico she rubbed the island's flag between her legs on stage, resulting in outrage among the audience. In March 1994, she appeared as a guest on the Late Show wit... | In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public? | In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public? | [
"In which country did Madonna rubbed the country's flag between her thighs that anger the public?"
] | {
"text": [
"Puerto Rico"
],
"answer_start": [
152
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75223 | 5ad1255c645df0001a2d0f44 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The Communist Party of Great Britain was refused affiliation to the Labour Party between 1921 and 1923. Meanwhile, the Liberal Party declined rapidly, and the party also suffered a catastrophic split which allowed the Labour Party to gain much of the Liberals' support. With the Liberals thus in disarray, Labour won 142... | When did the Communist Party refuse affiliation to the Labour Party? | When did the Communist Party refuse affiliation to the Labour Party? | [
"When did the Communist Party refuse affiliation to the Labour Party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76577 | 57338b11d058e614000b5d02 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | St. Barthélemy has a small airport known as Gustaf III Airport on the north coast of the island that is served by small regional commercial aircraft and charters. The nearest airport with a runway length sufficient to land a typical commercial jet airliner is on the neighboring island of Sint Maarten: Princess Juliana ... | What Island is the nearest major airport located on? | What Island is the nearest major airport located on? | [
"What Island is the nearest major airport located on?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sint Maarten"
],
"answer_start": [
289
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67960 | 573021c8a23a5019007fce02 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charles Town was a hub of the deerskin trade, the basis of its early economy. Trade alliances with the Cherokee and Creek nations insured a steady supply of deer hides. Between 1699 and 1715, colonists exported an average of 54,000 deer skins annually to Europe through Charles Town. Between 1739 and 1761, the height of... | What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761? | What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761? | [
"What is the estimation of deer slaughtered in Charles Town from 1739 to 1761?"
] | {
"text": [
"500,000 to 1,250,000"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97756 | 5a81dffd31013a001a334f33 | Humanism | In 1808 Bavarian educational commissioner Friedrich Immanuel Niethammer coined the term Humanismus to describe the new classical curriculum he planned to offer in German secondary schools, and by 1836 the word "humanism" had been absorbed into the English language in this sense. The coinage gained universal acceptance ... | What year did the term humanism remove yet another layer of meaning? | What year did the term humanism remove yet another layer of meaning? | [
"What year did the term humanism remove yet another layer of meaning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6612 | 5ad346a8604f3c001a3fdc6b | PlayStation_3 | What's New was announced at Gamescom 2009 and was released on September 1, 2009, with PlayStation 3 system software 3.0. The feature was to replace the existing [Information Board], which displayed news from the PlayStation website associated with the user's region. The concept was developed further into a major PlaySt... | What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2008? | What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2008? | [
"What new feature for PS3 was released in September of 2008?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113316 | 5a8774dd1d3cee001a6a11ce | Vacuum | In his Physics, book IV, Aristotle offered numerous arguments against the void: for example, that motion through a medium which offered no impediment could continue ad infinitum, there being no reason that something would come to rest anywhere in particular. Although Lucretius argued for the existence of vacuum in the ... | What belief about a void was accepted by most in the first cenury AD? | What belief about a void was accepted by most in the first cenury AD? | [
"What belief about a void was accepted by most in the first cenury AD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12730 | 5ad31566604f3c001a3fdb43 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | When in choir dress, a Latin-rite cardinal wears scarlet garments — the blood-like red symbolizes a cardinal's willingness to die for his faith. Excluding the rochet — which is always white — the scarlet garments include the cassock, mozzetta, and biretta (over the usual scarlet zucchetto). The biretta of a cardinal is... | What color is worn by popes when in choir dress? | What color is worn by popes when in choir dress? | [
"What color is worn by popes when in choir dress?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80550 | 5a668e9df038b7001ab0bfd2 | Data_compression | Audio data compression, not to be confused with dynamic range compression, has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of audio data. Audio compression algorithms are implemented in software as audio codecs. Lossy audio compression algorithms provide higher compression at the cost of... | What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of software? | What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of software? | [
"What has the potential to reduce the transmission bandwidth and storage requirements of software?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15529 | 570708619e06ca38007e92c5 | Black_people | By that time, the majority of black people in the United States were native-born, so the use of the term "African" became problematic. Though initially a source of pride, many blacks feared that the use of African as an identity would be a hindrance to their fight for full citizenship in the US. They also felt that it ... | Why did the use of "African" become an issue? | Why did the use of "African" become an issue? | [
"Why did the use of \"African\" become an issue?"
] | {
"text": [
"the majority of black people in the United States were native-born"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26755 | 5a8cdd89fd22b3001a8d8f6c | United_States_dollar | In 1862, paper money was issued without the backing of precious metals, due to the Civil War. Silver and gold coins continued to be issued and in 1878 the link between paper money and coins was reinstated. This disconnection from gold and silver backing also occurred during the War of 1812. The use of paper money not b... | Which other war also caused a disconnect between the United States Constitution? | Which other war also caused a disconnect between the United States Constitution? | [
"Which other war also caused a disconnect between the United States Constitution?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52291 | 5ad3959c604f3c001a3fe75f | Miami | The government of the City of Miami (proper) uses the mayor-commissioner type of system. The city commission consists of five commissioners which are elected from single member districts. The city commission constitutes the governing body with powers to pass ordinances, adopt regulations, and exercise all powers confer... | Under what government system doesn't Miami operate? | Under what government system doesn't Miami operate? | [
"Under what government system doesn't Miami operate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79077 | 56cda41362d2951400fa679a | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Media requests at the trade show prompted Kondo to consider using orchestral music for the other tracks in the game as well, a notion reinforced by his preference for live instruments. He originally envisioned a full 50-person orchestra for action sequences and a string quartet for more "lyrical moments", though the fi... | What kind of instruments are favored by Kondo? | What kind of instruments are favored by Kondo? | [
"What kind of instruments are favored by Kondo?"
] | {
"text": [
"live"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43028 | 570d7c8bb3d812140066d9ec | Franco-Prussian_War | At the outset of the Franco-Prussian War, 462,000 German soldiers concentrated on the French frontier while only 270,000 French soldiers could be moved to face them, the French army having lost 100,000 stragglers before a shot was fired through poor planning and administration. This was partly due to the peacetime orga... | What did the French military numbers suffer from the most? | What did the French military numbers suffer from the most? | [
"What did the French military numbers suffer from the most?"
] | {
"text": [
"having lost 100,000 stragglers"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51167 | 570a8ed26d058f1900182fa8 | Old_English | Some of the most important surviving works of Old English literature are Beowulf, an epic poem; the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a record of early English history; the Franks Casket, an inscribed early whalebone artefact; and Cædmon's Hymn, a Christian religious poem. There are also a number of extant prose works, such as se... | What type of literary work is Beowulf? | What type of literary work is Beowulf? | [
"What type of literary work is Beowulf?"
] | {
"text": [
"an epic poem"
],
"answer_start": [
82
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35409 | 5ad0de78645df0001a2d073c | Gothic_architecture | The eastern arm shows considerable diversity. In England it is generally long and may have two distinct sections, both choir and presbytery. It is often square ended or has a projecting Lady Chapel, dedicated to the Virgin Mary. In France the eastern end is often polygonal and surrounded by a walkway called an ambulato... | What shape does the eastern end rarely exhibit in France? | What shape does the eastern end rarely exhibit in France? | [
"What shape does the eastern end rarely exhibit in France?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31726 | 570d9187b3d812140066da4b | Anti-aircraft_warfare | The Treaty of Versailles prevented Germany having AA weapons, and for example, the Krupps designers joined Bofors in Sweden. Some World War I guns were retained and some covert AA training started in the late 1920s. Germany introduced the 8.8 cm FlaK 18 in 1933, 36 and 37 models followed with various improvements but b... | What did the FlaK 39 have? | What did the FlaK 39 have? | [
"What did the FlaK 39 have?"
] | {
"text": [
"220v 24 kW generators"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60217 | 5ace1c9032bba1001ae49b08 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Although Chancellor Wrighton had noted after the 2004 debate that it would be "improbable" that the university will host another debate and was not eager to commit to the possibility, he subsequently changed his view and the university submitted a bid for the 2008 debates. "These one-of-a-kind events are great experien... | What type of events bring local attention to the St. Louis region? | What type of events bring local attention to the St. Louis region? | [
"What type of events bring local attention to the St. Louis region?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86291 | 5734453aacc1501500babd59 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson's Sun Tran bus system serves greater Tucson with standard, express, regional shuttle, and on-demand shuttle bus service. It was awarded Best Transit System in 1988 and 2005. A 3.9-mile streetcar line, Sun Link, connects the University of Arizona campus with 4th Avenue, downtown, and the Mercado District west of ... | How long is the Sun Link? | How long is the Sun Link? | [
"How long is the Sun Link?"
] | {
"text": [
"3.9-mile"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52860 | 5727a7852ca10214002d9301 | Political_party | In the United Kingdom, it has been alleged that peerages have been awarded to contributors to party funds, the benefactors becoming members of the House of Lords and thus being in a position to participate in legislating. Famously, Lloyd George was found to have been selling peerages. To prevent such corruption in the ... | What did the Honours act do? | What did the Honours act do? | [
"What did the Honours act do?"
] | {
"text": [
"outright sale of peerages and similar honours became a criminal act"
],
"answer_start": [
409
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57399 | 5a5452c3134fea001a0e1721 | Muslim_world | No Islamic visual images or depictions of God are meant to exist because it is believed that such artistic depictions may lead to idolatry. Moreover, Muslims believe that God is incorporeal, making any two- or three- dimensional depictions impossible. Instead, Muslims describe God by the names and attributes that, acco... | What does one of the Sura in the Quran begin with? | What does one of the Sura in the Quran begin with? | [
"What does one of the Sura in the Quran begin with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24462 | 56df9b7338dc4217001520d1 | Lighting | Specification of illumination requirements is the basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task. Clearly, much less light is required to illuminate a hallway compared to that needed for a word processing work station. Generally speaking, the energy expended is proportional to the design i... | What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? | What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? | [
"What is a basic concept of deciding how much illumination is required for a given task? "
] | {
"text": [
"Specification of illumination requirements"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88716 | 56d98a32dc89441400fdb523 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | In response to the demonstrations, the Chinese government attempted to calm the situation, possibly fearing the protests may spiral out of control as has happened in recent years, including the anti-Japanese protests in 2005. State media and commentaries began to call for calm, such as an editorial in the People's Dail... | Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully? | Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully? | [
"Which newspaper urged citizens to protest peacefully?"
] | {
"text": [
"People's Daily"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77064 | 5726925ef1498d1400e8e423 | Dutch_language | Dutch vocabulary is predominantly Germanic in origin, with an additional share of loanwords of 20%. The main foreign influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century and culminating in the French period has been French and (northern) French, accounting for an estimated 6.8%, or more than a third of all loanwords. L... | What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century? | What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century? | [
"What language has exerted the most influence on Dutch vocabulary since the 12th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"French"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61440 | 5a3afa3c3ff257001ab84385 | Flowering_plant | The flower may consist only of these parts, as in willow, where each flower comprises only a few stamens or two carpels. Usually, other structures are present and serve to protect the sporophylls and to form an envelope attractive to pollinators. The individual members of these surrounding structures are known as sepal... | What characteristics of the flower attract sporophylls? | What characteristics of the flower attract sporophylls? | [
"What characteristics of the flower attract sporophylls?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27079 | 57098503200fba140036811d | Orthodox_Judaism | Haredi Judaism advocates segregation from non-Jewish culture, although not from non-Jewish society entirely. It is characterised by its focus on community-wide Torah study. Haredi Orthodoxy's differences with Modern Orthodoxy usually lie in interpretation of the nature of traditional halakhic concepts and in acceptable... | Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society? | Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society? | [
"Attending secular institution of higher education is viewed as necessary but inferior in what society?"
] | {
"text": [
"Haredi"
],
"answer_start": [
646
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60988 | 5aceb8d732bba1001ae4b1a7 | Police | The word "police" was borrowed from French into the English language in the 18th century, but for a long time it applied only to French and continental European police forces. The word, and the concept of police itself, were "disliked as a symbol of foreign oppression" (according to Britannica 1911). Before the 19th ce... | Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of local oppression'? | Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of local oppression'? | [
"Which dictionary said police were 'a symbol of local oppression'?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30812 | 57268645dd62a815002e8820 | Mexico_City | The south of the city is home to some other high-income neighborhoods such as Colonia del Valle and Jardines del Pedregal, and the formerly separate colonial towns of Coyoacán, San Ángel, and San Jerónimo. Along Avenida Insurgentes from Paseo de la Reforma, near the center, south past the World Trade Center and UNAM un... | Where is the World Trade Center? | Where is the World Trade Center? | [
"Where is the World Trade Center?"
] | {
"text": [
"Along Avenida Insurgentes"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88051 | 572857772ca10214002da2a4 | God | Deism holds that God is wholly transcendent: God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it. In this view, God is not anthropomorphic, and neither answers prayers nor produces miracles. Common in Deism is a belief that God has no interest in humanity and may not even be aware of ... | What is a deistic view of God? | What is a deistic view of God? | [
"What is a deistic view of God?"
] | {
"text": [
"God exists, but does not intervene in the world beyond what was necessary to create it"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13266 | 56e78cab00c9c71400d77294 | Nanjing | Over two centuries after the removal of the capital to Beijing, Nanjing was destined to become the capital of a Ming emperor one more time. After the fall of Beijing to Li Zicheng's rebel forces and then to the Manchu-led Qing dynasty in the spring of 1644, the Ming prince Zhu Yousong was enthroned in Nanjing in June 1... | What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing? | What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing? | [
"What Ming prince was enthroned in Nanjing?"
] | {
"text": [
"Zhu Yousong"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42949 | 570d7002b3d812140066d935 | Franco-Prussian_War | A series of swift Prussian and German victories in eastern France, culminating in the Siege of Metz and the Battle of Sedan, saw the army of the Second Empire decisively defeated (Napoleon III had been captured at Sedan on 2 September). A Government of National Defence declared the Third Republic in Paris on 4 Septembe... | On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris? | On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris? | [
"On what date did the Government of National Defence declare the the Third Republic in Paris?"
] | {
"text": [
"4 September"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109384 | 5a1cba7b4ea40d0018b06ed7 | Dutch_Republic | In 1582 the United Provinces invited Francis, Duke of Anjou to lead them; but after a failed attempt to take Antwerp in 1583, the duke left the Netherlands again. After the assassination of William of Orange (10 July 1584), both Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England declined the offer of sovereignty. However, ... | When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty? | When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty? | [
"When did the Duke of Anjou decline an offer of soverignty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43055 | 5725c085ec44d21400f3d4c4 | Poultry | The domestication of poultry took place several thousand years ago. This may have originally been as a result of people hatching and rearing young birds from eggs collected from the wild, but later involved keeping the birds permanently in captivity. Domesticated chickens may have been used for cockfighting at first an... | What have people use domesticated poultry for besides food ? | What have people use domesticated poultry for besides food ? | [
"What have people use domesticated poultry for besides food ?"
] | {
"text": [
"cockfighting at first and quail kept for their songs"
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90193 | 5acfcff977cf76001a686159 | Tibet | Tibet (i/tᵻˈbɛt/; Wylie: Bod, pronounced [pʰø̀ʔ]; Chinese: 西藏; pinyin: Xīzàng) is a region on the Tibetan Plateau in Asia. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpa, Qiang and Lhoba peoples and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han Chinese and ... | What rises 8,848 ft above sea level? | What rises 8,848 ft above sea level? | [
"What rises 8,848 ft above sea level?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62033 | 5ace84b232bba1001ae4a94b | Madrasa | Western commentators post-9/11 often perceive madaris as places of radical revivalism with a connotation of anti-Americanism and radical extremism, frequently associated in the Western press with Wahhabi attitudes toward non-Muslims. In Arabic the word madrasa simply means "school" and does not imply a political or rel... | What type of teaching is rejected at Indian madaris? | What type of teaching is rejected at Indian madaris? | [
" What type of teaching is rejected at Indian madaris?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113402 | 5a87817f1d3cee001a6a1200 | Vacuum | While outer space provides the most rarefied example of a naturally occurring partial vacuum, the heavens were originally thought to be seamlessly filled by a rigid indestructible material called aether. Borrowing somewhat from the pneuma of Stoic physics, aether came to be regarded as the rarefied air from which it to... | What did experiments with molecules attempt to detect on the Earths orbit? | What did experiments with molecules attempt to detect on the Earths orbit? | [
"What did experiments with molecules attempt to detect on the Earths orbit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54376 | 56df6a148bc80c19004e4bed | Christian | Where there is a distinction, Nasrani refers to people from a Christian culture and Masihi means those with a religious faith in Jesus. In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. "blond people." | What description is used for Western people who do not follow the Muslim faith? | What description is used for Western people who do not follow the Muslim faith? | [
"What description is used for Western people who do not follow the Muslim faith?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nasrani"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69388 | 570a898d4103511400d59836 | Houston | Houston was founded in 1836 on land near the banks of Buffalo Bayou (now known as Allen's Landing) and incorporated as a city on June 5, 1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded and won at the Battle of San Jacinto 25 miles (40 km) east of w... | When was the City of Houston incorporated? | When was the City of Houston incorporated? | [
"When was the City of Houston incorporated?"
] | {
"text": [
"June 5, 1837"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46993 | 5a8c8d2cfd22b3001a8d8aa7 | Textual_criticism | Cladistics is a technique borrowed from biology, where it was originally named phylogenetic systematics by Willi Hennig. In biology, the technique is used to determine the evolutionary relationships between different species. In its application in textual criticism, the text of a number of different manuscripts is ente... | Phylogenetic systematics was originally called what? | Phylogenetic systematics was originally called what? | [
"Phylogenetic systematics was originally called what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75990 | 56e0cb867aa994140058e6fd | Web_browser | Opera debuted in 1996; it has never achieved widespread use, having less than 2% browser usage share as of February 2012 according to Net Applications. Its Opera-mini version has an additive share, in April 2011 amounting to 1.1% of overall browser use, but focused on the fast-growing mobile phone web browser market, b... | Opera was introduced in what year? | Opera was introduced in what year? | [
"Opera was introduced in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1996"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72321 | 572651b3dd62a815002e8164 | Greece | Greece is a unitary parliamentary republic. The nominal head of state is the President of the Republic, who is elected by the Parliament for a five-year term. The current Constitution was drawn up and adopted by the Fifth Revisionary Parliament of the Hellenes and entered into force in 1975 after the fall of the milita... | What type of republic is Greece? | What type of republic is Greece? | [
"What type of republic is Greece?"
] | {
"text": [
"unitary parliamentary"
],
"answer_start": [
12
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36558 | 5730f375a5e9cc1400cdbb33 | Immaculate_Conception | Popular opinion remained firmly behind the celebration of Mary's conception. In 1439, the Council of Basel, which is not reckoned an ecumenical council, stated that belief in the immaculate conception of Mary is in accord with the Catholic faith. By the end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught... | Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ? | Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ? | [
"Was the practce behind the meaning of the Mary inception festivals taught at Universities of theology ?"
] | {
"text": [
"end of the 15th century the belief was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties"
],
"answer_start": [
254
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35902 | 5a732fdf53a187001ae63153 | Comcast | The company is often criticized by both the media and its own staff for its less upstanding policies regarding employee relations. A 2012 Reddit post written by an anonymous Comcast call center employee eager to share their negative experiences with the public received attention from publications including The Huffingt... | What has Comcast replaced its obsession with sales with? | What has Comcast replaced its obsession with sales with? | [
"What has Comcast replaced its obsession with sales with?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27591 | 5a62b6eff8d794001af1c1d8 | Liberia | Liberia's highest judicial authority is the Supreme Court, made up of five members and headed by the Chief Justice of Liberia. Members are nominated to the court by the president and are confirmed by the Senate, serving until the age of 70. The judiciary is further divided into circuit and speciality courts, magistrate... | To what age are Senators guaranteed salary? | To what age are Senators guaranteed salary? | [
"To what age are Senators guaranteed salary?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18021 | 5a10dee906e79900185c343b | Internet_service_provider | Just as their customers pay them for Internet access, ISPs themselves pay upstream ISPs for Internet access. An upstream ISP usually has a larger network than the contracting ISP or is able to provide the contracting ISP with access to parts of the Internet the contracting ISP by itself has no access to. | What do ISPs pay customers for? | What do ISPs pay customers for? | [
"What do ISPs pay customers for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56566 | 572ece1adfa6aa1500f8d3ef | Geography_of_the_United_States | On average, the mountains of the western states receive the highest levels of snowfall on Earth. The greatest annual snowfall level is at Mount Rainier in Washington, at 692 inches (1,758 cm); the record there was 1,122 inches (2,850 cm) in the winter of 1971–72. This record was broken by the Mt. Baker Ski Area in nort... | Which mountainous region receives the highest snowfall on Earth? | Which mountainous region receives the highest snowfall on Earth? | [
"Which mountainous region receives the highest snowfall on Earth?"
] | {
"text": [
"mountains of the western states"
],
"answer_start": [
16
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35053 | 571a479b10f8ca1400304faf | Memory | In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revea... | What set of skills is reliant on procedural memory? | What set of skills is reliant on procedural memory? | [
"What set of skills is reliant on procedural memory?"
] | {
"text": [
"motor skills"
],
"answer_start": [
242
]
} |
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