gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-69004 | 572f78e104bcaa1900d769cb | Modern_history | The May Fourth Movement helped to rekindle the then-fading cause of republican revolution. In 1917 Sun Yat-sen had become commander-in-chief of a rival military government in Guangzhou in collaboration with southern warlords. Sun's efforts to obtain aid from the Western democracies were ignored, however, and in 1920 he... | How did the Soviets try to befriend the Chinese Revolutionist? | How did the Soviets try to befriend the Chinese Revolutionist? | [
"How did the Soviets try to befriend the Chinese Revolutionist?"
] | {
"text": [
"by offering scathing attacks on Western imperialism."
],
"answer_start": [
455
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8232 | 57265c815951b619008f7098 | Thuringia | Thuringia generally accepted the Protestant Reformation, and Roman Catholicism was suppressed as early as 1520[citation needed]; priests who remained loyal to it were driven away and churches and monasteries were largely destroyed, especially during the German Peasants' War of 1525. In Mühlhausen and elsewhere, the Ana... | What happened to loyal Roman Catholicism priests? | What happened to loyal Roman Catholicism priests? | [
"What happened to loyal Roman Catholicism priests?"
] | {
"text": [
"were driven away"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71872 | 5acf5a1477cf76001a684c04 | Capacitor | The current I(t) through any component in an electric circuit is defined as the rate of flow of a charge Q(t) passing through it, but actual charges—electrons—cannot pass through the dielectric layer of a capacitor. Rather, one electron accumulates on the negative plate for each one that leaves the positive plate, resu... | What is the definition of the current P(t) through any component in an electric circuit? | What is the definition of the current P(t) through any component in an electric circuit? | [
"What is the definition of the current P(t) through any component in an electric circuit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74114 | 5acf9e6477cf76001a68556b | Architecture | Nunzia Rondanini stated, "Through its aesthetic dimension architecture goes beyond the functional aspects that it has in common with other human sciences. Through its own particular way of expressing values, architecture can stimulate and influence social life without presuming that, in and of itself, it will promote s... | What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini? | What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini? | [
"What should architecture be assumed to promote, according to Rondanini?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34745 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26424 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | What mean city of mankind? | What mean city of mankind? | [
"What mean city of mankind?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65114 | 572972deaf94a219006aa444 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | New government spending, regulation, and policies helped the industry weather the 2009 economic crisis better than many other sectors. Most notably, U.S. President Barack Obama's American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 included more than $70 billion in direct spending and tax credits for clean energy and associa... | What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy? | What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy? | [
"What company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy?"
] | {
"text": [
"Solyndra"
],
"answer_start": [
783
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35959 | 5a73551253a187001ae6318c | Comcast | In 1994, Comcast became the third largest cable operator in the United States with around 3.5 million subscribers following its purchase of Maclean-Hunter's American division for $1.27 billion. The company's UK branch, Comcast UK Cable Partners, goes public while constructing a cable telecommunications network. With fi... | How much was the Comcast UK branch purchased for? | How much was the Comcast UK branch purchased for? | [
"How much was the Comcast UK branch purchased for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8521 | 56df4fa496943c1400a5d36e | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | Under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks established the Soviet state on 7 November [O.S. 25 October] 1917, immediately after the Russian Provisional Government, which governed the Russian Republic, was overthrown during the October Revolution. Initially, the state did not have an official name and wasn't... | Who led the group which created the Soviet state? | Who led the group which created the Soviet state? | [
"Who led the group which created the Soviet state?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vladimir Lenin"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3570 | 56bf6e823aeaaa14008c9627 | Beyoncé | Following the disbandment of Destiny's Child in June 2005, she released her second solo album, B'Day (2006), which contained hits "Déjà Vu", "Irreplaceable", and "Beautiful Liar". Beyoncé also ventured into acting, with a Golden Globe-nominated performance in Dreamgirls (2006), and starring roles in The Pink Panther (2... | For what movie did Beyonce receive her first Golden Globe nomination? | For what movie did Beyonce receive her first Golden Globe nomination? | [
"For what movie did Beyonce receive her first Golden Globe nomination?"
] | {
"text": [
"Dreamgirls"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34340 | 56f86358aef237190062603a | Southampton | Southampton became a spa town in 1740. It had also become a popular site for sea bathing by the 1760s, despite the lack of a good quality beach. Innovative buildings specifically for this purpose were built at West Quay, with baths that were filled and emptied by the flow of the tide. | What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay? | What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay? | [
"What change in flow of the sea controlled the innovative baths at West Quay?"
] | {
"text": [
"the tide"
],
"answer_start": [
276
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10766 | 56fde82419033b140034cda5 | Computer | Early computing machines had fixed programs. Changing its function required the re-wiring and re-structuring of the machine. With the proposal of the stored-program computer this changed. A stored-program computer includes by design an instruction set and can store in memory a set of instructions (a program) that detai... | The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom? | The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom? | [
"The basis for the stored-program computer was written by whom?"
] | {
"text": [
"Alan Turing"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11510 | 5727acd3ff5b5019007d925a | North_Carolina | College sports are also popular in North Carolina, with 18 schools competing at the Division I level. The Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC) is headquartered in Greensboro, and both the ACC Football Championship Game (Charlotte) and the ACC Men's Basketball Tournament (Greensboro) were most recently held in North Carolina... | How many times has North Carolina hosted the NCAA final four? | How many times has North Carolina hosted the NCAA final four? | [
"How many times has North Carolina hosted the NCAA final four?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
717
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68793 | 572f1534c246551400ce4893 | Modern_history | The American Revolution begun with fighting at Lexington and Concord. On July 4, 1776, they issued the Declaration of Independence, which proclaimed their independence from Great Britain and their formation of a cooperative union. In June 1776, Benjamin Franklin was appointed a member of the Committee of Five that draf... | What was issued on July 4, 1776? | What was issued on July 4, 1776? | [
"What was issued on July 4, 1776?"
] | {
"text": [
"Declaration of Independence"
],
"answer_start": [
103
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17293 | 5ad11963645df0001a2d0d64 | Uranium | Two major types of atomic bombs were developed by the United States during World War II: a uranium-based device (codenamed "Little Boy") whose fissile material was highly enriched uranium, and a plutonium-based device (see Trinity test and "Fat Man") whose plutonium was derived from uranium-238. The uranium-based Littl... | On what date wasn't Little Boy detonated? | On what date wasn't Little Boy detonated? | [
"On what date wasn't Little Boy detonated?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26005 | 57269f33dd62a815002e8b3b | Edmund_Burke | In 1744, Burke started at Trinity College Dublin, a Protestant establishment, which up until 1793, did not permit Catholics to take degrees. In 1747, he set up a debating society, "Edmund Burke's Club", which, in 1770, merged with TCD's Historical Club to form the College Historical Society; it is the oldest undergradu... | What type of people did Trinity College Dublin not allow to earn degrees there? | What type of people did Trinity College Dublin not allow to earn degrees there? | [
"What type of people did Trinity College Dublin not allow to earn degrees there?"
] | {
"text": [
"Catholics"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55946 | 56e7974337bdd419002c41c3 | Arena_Football_League | From 2000 to 2009, the AFL had its own developmental league, the af2. The AFL played 22 seasons from 1987 to 2008; internal issues caused the league to cancel its 2009 season, though the af2 did play. Later that year both the AFL and af2 were dissolved and reorganized as a new corporation comprising teams from both lea... | In what city and state is the Arena Football League based? | In what city and state is the Arena Football League based? | [
"In what city and state is the Arena Football League based?"
] | {
"text": [
"Chicago, Illinois"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116380 | 5707044d90286e26004fc7f4 | Letter_case | Most Western languages (particularly those with writing systems based on the Latin, Cyrillic, Greek, Coptic, and Armenian alphabets) use letter cases in their written form as an aid to clarity. Scripts using two separate cases are also called bicameral scripts. Many other writing systems make no distinction between maj... | What are writing systems which make no distinction between majuscales and minuscules often referred to as? | What are writing systems which make no distinction between majuscales and minuscules often referred to as? | [
"What are writing systems which make no distinction between majuscales and minuscules often referred to as?"
] | {
"text": [
"unicameral script"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113275 | 570df9a50dc6ce1900204d7f | Adolescence | Peer acceptance and social norms gain a significantly greater hand in directing behavior at the onset of adolescence; as such, the alcohol and illegal drug habits of teens tend to be shaped largely by the substance use of friends and other classmates. In fact, studies suggest that more significantly than actual drug no... | Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence? | Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence? | [
"Do peer acceptance and social norms have a greater or lesser effect on behavior at the onset of adolescence?"
] | {
"text": [
"significantly greater"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108375 | 5acd29d707355d001abf376a | Aspirated_consonant | Standard Chinese (Mandarin) has stops and affricates distinguished by aspiration: for instance, /t tʰ/, /t͡s t͡sʰ/. In pinyin, tenuis stops are written with letters that represent voiced consonants in English, and aspirated stops with letters that represent voiceless consonants. Thus d represents /t/, and t represents ... | In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how? | In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how? | [
"In pinyin, unaspirated stops are written how?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37434 | 5728b9464b864d1900164ce1 | Switzerland | The cuisine of Switzerland is multifaceted. While some dishes such as fondue, raclette or rösti are omnipresent through the country, each region developed its own gastronomy according to the differences of climate and languages. Traditional Swiss cuisine uses ingredients similar to those in other European countries, a... | How do the ingredients of traditional Swiss cuisine compare to that of other European countries? | How do the ingredients of traditional Swiss cuisine compare to that of other European countries? | [
"How do the ingredients of traditional Swiss cuisine compare to that of other European countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"similar"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53534 | 5ad2586ad7d075001a428dbd | Dialect | A dialect is distinguished by its vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation (phonology, including prosody). Where a distinction can be made only in terms of pronunciation (including prosody, or just prosody itself), the term accent may be preferred over dialect. Other types of speech varieties include jargons, which are c... | Along with jargon and pronunciation, how is a dialect distinguished? | Along with jargon and pronunciation, how is a dialect distinguished? | [
"Along with jargon and pronunciation, how is a dialect distinguished?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24347 | 57295a761d04691400779303 | Bermuda | Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. Their most famous player is a 130 kilograms (290 lb) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. But India defeated Bermuda and set a record of 413 runs in a One-Day International (ODI). Bermuda were knocked out of the World Cup. A... | Who defeated Bermuda? | Who defeated Bermuda? | [
"Who defeated Bermuda?"
] | {
"text": [
"India"
],
"answer_start": [
190
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33036 | 5ad18b83645df0001a2d1ee4 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Albon Man, a New York lawyer, started Electro-Dynamic Light Company in 1878 to exploit his patents and those of William Sawyer. Weeks later the United States Electric Lighting Company was organized. This company didn't made their first commercial installation of incandescent lamps until the fall of 1880 at the Mercanti... | Where was the first installation of incandescent lamps in 1890? | Where was the first installation of incandescent lamps in 1890? | [
"Where was the first installation of incandescent lamps in 1890?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40984 | 5a6bcfa54eec6b001a80a5c0 | Predation | Social predation offers the possibility of predators to kill creatures larger than those that members of the species could overpower singly. Lions, hyenas, wolves, dholes, African wild dogs, and piranhas can kill large herbivores that single animals of the same species usually don't dispatch. Social predation allows so... | What method does a rabbit use to evade a group of predators? | What method does a rabbit use to evade a group of predators? | [
"What method does a rabbit use to evade a group of predators?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51990 | 572a6fc47a1753140016af5b | Miami | Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Group's inventory. In 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, enter... | What is a nickname given to Miami? | What is a nickname given to Miami? | [
"What is a nickname given to Miami?"
] | {
"text": [
"Capital of Latin America"
],
"answer_start": [
795
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63723 | 5727bb19ff5b5019007d9396 | USB | Full-featured USB Type-C cables are active, electronically marked cables that contain a chip with an ID function based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Power Delivery 2.0 specification. USB Type-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and 3.0 A over the 5 V power ... | What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain? | What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain? | [
"What kind of cables does the fully featured USB Type-C contain?"
] | {
"text": [
"active, electronically marked cables"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21800 | 570aae5d4103511400d5991f | Aircraft_carrier | Another deck structure that can be seen is a ski-jump ramp at the forward end of the flight deck. This was first developed to help launch STOVL aircraft take off at far higher weights than is possible with a vertical or rolling takeoff on flat decks. Originally developed by the Royal Navy, it since has been adopted by ... | What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck?? | What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck?? | [
"What did ski-jump ramps allow STOVL aircraft to do that they couldn't do with a flat deck??"
] | {
"text": [
"take off at far higher weights"
],
"answer_start": [
153
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21415 | 56e6de2cde9d3714000680b2 | Adult_contemporary_music | Hot adult contemporary radio stations play a variety of classic hits and contemporary mainstream music aimed at an adult audience. Some Hot AC stations concentrate slightly more on pop music and alternative rock to target the Generation Z audience, though they include the more youth-oriented teen pop, urban and rhythmi... | Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature? | Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature? | [
"Along with classic hits, what type of music do hot adult contemporary stations feature?"
] | {
"text": [
"contemporary mainstream music"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71650 | 56f8ed819b226e1400dd11d4 | Near_East | In the last years of the 19th century the term "Near East" acquired considerable disrepute in eyes of the English-speaking public as did the Ottoman Empire itself. The cause of the onus was the Hamidian Massacres of Armenians because they were Christians, but it seemed to spill over into the protracted conflicts of the... | When was Robert Hickens' book wrote? | When was Robert Hickens' book wrote? | [
"When was Robert Hickens' book wrote?"
] | {
"text": [
"1913)"
],
"answer_start": [
419
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44865 | 56f8d3619b226e1400dd109c | Gene | Most mutations within genes are neutral, having no effect on the organism's phenotype (silent mutations). Some mutations do not change the amino acid sequence because multiple codons encode the same amino acid (synonymous mutations). Other mutations can be neutral if they lead to amino acid sequence changes, but the pr... | What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called? | What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called? | [
"What are mutations that do not change the amino acid sequence called?"
] | {
"text": [
"synonymous mutations"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56751 | 5727b0292ca10214002d93d9 | Gramophone_record | The older 78 format continued to be mass-produced alongside the newer formats using new materials until about 1960 in the U.S., and in a few countries, such as India (where some Beatles recordings were issued on 78), into the 1960s. For example, Columbia Records' last reissue of Frank Sinatra songs on 78 rpm records wa... | On which date did Columbia release it's last 78? | On which date did Columbia release it's last 78? | [
"On which date did Columbia release it's last 78?"
] | {
"text": [
"November 1, 1954."
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52935 | 5705e9bf52bb891400689694 | Bird_migration | The Arctic tern holds the long-distance migration record for birds, travelling between Arctic breeding grounds and the Antarctic each year. Some species of tubenoses (Procellariiformes) such as albatrosses circle the earth, flying over the southern oceans, while others such as Manx shearwaters migrate 14,000 km (8,700 ... | which bird migrates by circling the earth? | which bird migrates by circling the earth? | [
"which bird migrates by circling the earth?"
] | {
"text": [
"albatrosses"
],
"answer_start": [
194
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107605 | 5a62972ef8d794001af1c12d | Royal_Dutch_Shell | On 16 March 2012, 52 Greenpeace activists from five different countries boarded Fennica and Nordica, multipurpose icebreakers chartered to support Shell's drilling rigs near Alaska. Around the same time period, a reporter for Fortune magazine spoke with Edward Itta, an Inupiat Eskimo leader and the former mayor of the ... | Who was the mayor of North Slope Borough in March 2012? | Who was the mayor of North Slope Borough in March 2012? | [
"Who was the mayor of North Slope Borough in March 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107278 | 573632886c16ec1900b9299a | Hunting | Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultura... | How much did hunters spend in 2001? | How much did hunters spend in 2001? | [
"How much did hunters spend in 2001?"
] | {
"text": [
"over $20.5 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21633 | 5730b5b4069b531400832298 | Sumer | Sumerian religion seems to have been founded upon two separate cosmogenic myths. The first saw creation as the result of a series of hieros gami or sacred marriages, involving the reconciliation of opposites, postulated as a coming together of male and female divine beings; the gods. This continued to influence the who... | What were the titles given to the gate keeps of the E-Abzu temple of Enki? | What were the titles given to the gate keeps of the E-Abzu temple of Enki? | [
"What were the titles given to the gate keeps of the E-Abzu temple of Enki?"
] | {
"text": [
"the muddy ones"
],
"answer_start": [
505
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77254 | 56df787656340a1900b29bfc | United_Nations_Population_Fund | In America, nonprofit organizations like Friends of UNFPA (formerly Americans for UNFPA) worked to compensate for the loss of United States federal funding by raising private donations. | Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money? | Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money? | [
"Through what sort of donations does Friends of UNFPA raise money?"
] | {
"text": [
"private donations"
],
"answer_start": [
167
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63689 | 5727ad6a3acd2414000de964 | USB | Unlike other data cables (e.g., Ethernet, HDMI), each end of a USB cable uses a different kind of connector; a Type-A or a Type-B. This kind of design was chosen to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment, as only the Type-A socket provides power. There are cables with Type-A connectors on both ends, but the... | Why were the designs for different USB connectors made? | Why were the designs for different USB connectors made? | [
"Why were the designs for different USB connectors made?"
] | {
"text": [
"to prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62835 | 5acd149907355d001abf33b8 | Pain | The pain signal travels from the periphery to the spinal cord along an A-delta or C fiber. Because the A-delta fiber is thicker than the C fiber, and is thinly sheathed in an electrically insulating material (myelin), it carries its signal faster (5–30 m/s) than the unmyelinated C fiber (0.5–2 m/s). Pain evoked by the ... | What travels along a C-delta or A fiber? | What travels along a C-delta or A fiber? | [
"What travels along a C-delta or A fiber?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12895 | 5acff76f77cf76001a686698 | Republic_of_the_Congo | Bantu-speaking peoples who founded tribes during the Bantu expansions largely displaced and absorbed the earliest inhabitants of the region, the Pygmy people, about 1500 BC. The Bakongo, a Bantu ethnic group that also occupied parts of present-day Angola, Gabon, and Democratic Republic of the Congo, formed the basis fo... | What Pygmy kingdom built trade links with the Congo River basin? | What Pygmy kingdom built trade links with the Congo River basin? | [
"What Pygmy kingdom built trade links with the Congo River basin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114957 | 5a6b036ba9e0c9001a4e9e63 | Wayback_Machine | Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. | Where was the event launching the digital tape held? | Where was the event launching the digital tape held? | [
"Where was the event launching the digital tape held?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55351 | 5a31797be4dcb1001abb2349 | Baptists | Baptists have faced many controversies in their 400-year history, controversies of the level of crises. Baptist historian Walter Shurden says the word "crisis" comes from the Greek word meaning "to decide." Shurden writes that contrary to the presumed negative view of crises, some controversies that reach a crisis leve... | Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "negative and least productive?" | Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be "negative and least productive?" | [
"Who wrote that some controversies reach a crisis level may actually be \"negative and least productive?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100238 | 56e0f2db231d4119001ac4c3 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In-mid 2015, China started the build-up of the third generation BeiDou system (BDS-3) in the global coverage constellation. The first BDS-3 satellite was launched 30 September 2015. As of March 2016, 4 BDS-3 in-orbit validation satellites have been launched. | How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched? | How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched? | [
"How many BDS-3 satellites have been launched?"
] | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
200
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32574 | 570e08690dc6ce1900204d99 | Antarctica | The Antarctic fur seal was very heavily hunted in the 18th and 19th centuries for its pelt by sealers from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Weddell seal, a "true seal", is named after Sir James Weddell, commander of British sealing expeditions in the Weddell Sea. Antarctic krill, which congregate in large ... | What did Sir James Weddell command? | What did Sir James Weddell command? | [
"What did Sir James Weddell command?"
] | {
"text": [
"British sealing expeditions"
],
"answer_start": [
229
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62993 | 572b701cbe1ee31400cb8391 | Czech_language | One study showed that Czech and Slovak lexicons differed by 80 percent, but this high percentage was found to stem primarily from differing orthographies and slight inconsistencies in morphological formation; Slovak morphology is more regular (when changing from the nominative to the locative case, Praha becomes Praze ... | What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech? | What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech? | [
"What does Slovak have slightly more of than Czech?"
] | {
"text": [
"borrowed words"
],
"answer_start": [
507
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5632 | 5ad27d08d7d075001a4296ae | House_music | Larry Heard, a.k.a. "Mr. Fingers", claims that the term "house" became popular due to many of the early DJs creating music in their own homes using synthesizers and drum machines such as the Roland TR-808, TR-909, and the TB 303.[citation needed] These synthesizers were used to create a house subgenre called acid house... | What was the real name of Mr. Roland? | What was the real name of Mr. Roland? | [
"What was the real name of Mr. Roland?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34548 | 56f8bfd99e9bad19000a0410 | Southampton | Commercial radio stations broadcasting to the city include The Breeze, previously The Saint and currently broadcasting Hot adult contemporary music, Capital, previously Power FM and Galaxy and broadcasting popular music, Wave 105 and Heart Hampshire, the latter previously Ocean FM and both broadcasting adult contempora... | What's the new name of the station formerly known as The Saint? | What's the new name of the station formerly known as The Saint? | [
"What's the new name of the station formerly known as The Saint?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Breeze"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35882 | 5a732e8753a187001ae6313f | Comcast | Comcast has been criticized for multiple reasons. The company's customer satisfaction often ranks among the lowest in the cable industry. Comcast has violated net neutrality practices in the past; and, despite Comcast's commitment to a narrow definition of net neutrality, critics advocate a definition of which preclude... | What type of definition does The Consumerist use? | What type of definition does The Consumerist use? | [
"What type of definition does The Consumerist use?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22480 | 57096955ed30961900e840c5 | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal Pradesh is famous for its abundant natural beauty. After the war between Nepal and Britain, also known as the Anglo-Gorkha War (1814–1816), the British colonial government came into power and the land now comprising Himachal Pradesh became part of the Punjab Province of British India. In 1950, Himachal was dec... | What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War? | What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War? | [
"What years was the Anglo-Gorkha War?"
] | {
"text": [
"1814–1816"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39235 | 57320ae60fdd8d15006c6701 | Protestantism | Pentecostalism eventually spawned hundreds of new denominations, including large groups such as the Assemblies of God and the Church of God in Christ, both in the United States and elsewhere. There are over 279 million Pentecostals worldwide, and the movement is growing in many parts of the world, especially the global... | What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs? | What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs? | [
"What movement has caused non-Pentecostal churches to accept some Pentecostal beliefs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Charismatic"
],
"answer_start": [
595
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21828 | 5acd6eb107355d001abf41da | Aircraft_carrier | The 1903 advent of heavier-than-air fixed-wing aircraft was closely followed in 1910 by the first experimental take-off of an airplane, made from the deck of a United States Navy vessel (cruiser USS Birmingham), and the first experimental landings were conducted in 1911. On 9 May 1912 the first airplane take-off from a... | What was the first carrier-launched seastrike? | What was the first carrier-launched seastrike? | [
"What was the first carrier-launched seastrike?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66954 | 572841874b864d190016481c | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On the night of December 25, 1991, at 7:32 p.m. Moscow time, after Gorbachev left the Kremlin, the Soviet flag was lowered for the last time, and the Russian tricolor was raised in its place, symbolically marking the end of the Soviet Union. The next day, December 26, 1991, the Council of Republics, the upper chamber o... | What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself? | What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself? | [
"What body also stopped existing following a vote by itself to end itself?"
] | {
"text": [
"upper chamber of the Union's Supreme Soviet,"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98738 | 5726943c708984140094cac4 | Marvel_Comics | Walt Disney Parks and Resorts plans on creating original Marvel attractions at their theme parks, with Hong Kong Disneyland becoming the first Disney theme park to feature a Marvel attraction. Due to the licensing agreement with Universal Studios, signed prior to Disney's purchase of Marvel, Walt Disney World and Tokyo... | Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters? | Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters? | [
"Because of a prior contract, what two Disney parks are barred from featuring Marvel characters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Walt Disney World and Tokyo Disney"
],
"answer_start": [
293
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43152 | 5a85dfeeb4e223001a8e7246 | Poultry | Clay models of ducks found in China dating back to 4000 BC may indicate the domestication of ducks took place there during the Yangshao culture. Even if this is not the case, domestication of the duck took place in the Far East at least 1500 years earlier than in the West. Lucius Columella, writing in the first century... | How far behind the east society was the western culture in banning ducks? | How far behind the east society was the western culture in banning ducks? | [
"How far behind the east society was the western culture in banning ducks?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29502 | 5a569d8d6349e2001acdce92 | Swaziland | The main centre for technical training in Swaziland is the Swaziland College of Technology which is slated to become a full university. It aims to provide and facilitating high quality training and learning in technology and business studies in collaboration with the Commercial, Industrial and Public Sectors. Other tec... | What is the name of the commercial trainning institute in Manzini? | What is the name of the commercial trainning institute in Manzini? | [
"What is the name of the commercial trainning institute in Manzini?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1277 | 5a4e9377755ab9001a10f505 | Airport | Ground Control is responsible for directing all ground traffic in designated "movement areas", except the traffic on runways. This includes planes, baggage trains, snowplows, grass cutters, fuel trucks, stair trucks, airline food trucks, conveyor belt vehicles and other vehicles. Ground Control will instruct these vehi... | What are stair trucks responsible for? | What are stair trucks responsible for? | [
"What are stair trucks responsible for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6671 | 5ad34c0b604f3c001a3fdca8 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation 3's initial production cost is estimated by iSuppli to have been US$805.85 for the 20 GB model and US$840.35 for the 60 GB model. However, they were priced at US$499 and US$599 respectively, meaning that units may have been sold at an estimated loss of $306 or $241 depending on model, if the cost estimates ... | In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 2? | In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 2? | [
"In contrast to the production cost, what was the retail price for a 20 GB PlayStation 2?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66441 | 57288d3b3acd2414000dfae3 | Brigham_Young_University | Scientists associated with BYU have created some notable inventions. Philo T. Farnsworth, inventor of the electronic television, received his education at BYU, and later returned to do fusion research, receiving an honorary degree from the university. Harvey Fletcher, also an alumnus of BYU, inventor of stereophonic so... | Which BYU college was founded by former alumnus Harvey Fletcher? | Which BYU college was founded by former alumnus Harvey Fletcher? | [
"Which BYU college was founded by former alumnus Harvey Fletcher?"
] | {
"text": [
"College of Engineering"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61939 | 572a8196be1ee31400cb805a | Madrasa | According to the Sunni scholar Ibn ʻAsākir in the 12th century, there were opportunities for female education in the medieval Islamic world, writing that women could study, earn ijazahs (academic degrees), and qualify as scholars and teachers. This was especially the case for learned and scholarly families, who wanted ... | Who created a pathway for education for women in the Islamic world? | Who created a pathway for education for women in the Islamic world? | [
"Who created a pathway for education for women in the Islamic world?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muhammad's wives"
],
"answer_start": [
530
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27985 | 5ad4a653ba00c4001a268ec4 | Steven_Spielberg | In a career spanning more than four decades, Spielberg's films have covered many themes and genres. Spielberg's early science-fiction and adventure films were seen as archetypes of modern Hollywood blockbuster filmmaking. In later years, his films began addressing humanistic issues such as the Holocaust (in Schindler's... | What was Spielberg's first science-fiction movie? | What was Spielberg's first science-fiction movie? | [
"What was Spielberg's first science-fiction movie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78021 | 5acd6b8107355d001abf416b | Strasbourg | The German Renaissance has bequeathed the city some noteworthy buildings (especially the current Chambre de commerce et d'industrie, former town hall, on Place Gutenberg), as did the French Baroque and Classicism with several hôtels particuliers (i.e. palaces), among which the Palais Rohan (1742, now housing three muse... | How tall is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie? | How tall is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie? | [
"How tall is the Chambre de commerce et d'industrie?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92093 | 5a81a71031013a001a334d29 | Cotton | In addition to concerns over subsidies, the cotton industries of some countries are criticized for employing child labor and damaging workers' health by exposure to pesticides used in production. The Environmental Justice Foundation has campaigned against the prevalent use of forced child and adult labor in cotton prod... | What country has been accused of fair fashion? | What country has been accused of fair fashion? | [
"What country has been accused of fair fashion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5213 | 56e16bf1cd28a01900c678ed | Boston | The Boston Globe and the Boston Herald are two of the city's major daily newspapers. The city is also served by other publications such as Boston magazine, The Improper Bostonian, DigBoston, and the Boston edition of Metro. The Christian Science Monitor, headquartered in Boston, was formerly a worldwide daily newspaper... | The Boston Globe and the Boston herals are two of Bostons what? | The Boston Globe and the Boston herals are two of Bostons what? | [
"The Boston Globe and the Boston herals are two of Bostons what?"
] | {
"text": [
"daily newspapers"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110736 | 573014cc04bcaa1900d77147 | Iran | Due to the 1973 spike in oil prices, the economy of Iran was flooded with foreign currency, which caused inflation. By 1974, the economy of Iran was experiencing double digit inflation, and despite many large projects to modernize the country, corruption was rampant and caused large amounts of waste. By 1975 and 1976, ... | Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime? | Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime? | [
"Due to increased unemployment, who mainly opposed the Shah's regime?"
] | {
"text": [
"millions of youth who had migrated to the cities"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69217 | 5709517c9928a8140047152b | Houston | The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, ... | What does Houston's mayor also serve as? | What does Houston's mayor also serve as? | [
"What does Houston's mayor also serve as?"
] | {
"text": [
"the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative"
],
"answer_start": [
390
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46738 | 57267be6708984140094c79c | Department_store | After World War II Hudson's realized that the limited parking space at its downtown skyscraper would increasingly be a problem for its customers. The solution in 1954 was to open the Northland Center in nearby Southfield, just beyond the city limits. It was the largest suburban shopping center in the world, and quickly... | What was the store called in Southfield? | What was the store called in Southfield? | [
"What was the store called in Southfield? "
] | {
"text": [
"Northland Center"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27341 | 5a7b728721c2de001afea01f | Transistor | Providing sufficient base drive current is a key problem in the use of bipolar transistors as switches. The transistor provides current gain, allowing a relatively large current in the collector to be switched by a much smaller current into the base terminal. The ratio of these currents varies depending on the type of ... | How much current is needed to saturate a light-switch? | How much current is needed to saturate a light-switch? | [
"How much current is needed to saturate a light-switch?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54776 | 570d1ef7fed7b91900d45c2a | Macintosh | In early 2001, Apple began shipping computers with CD-RW drives and emphasized the Mac's ability to play DVDs by including DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives as standard. Steve Jobs admitted that Apple had been "late to the party" on writable CD technology, but felt that Macs could become a "digital hub" that linked and enable... | What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's? | What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's? | [
"What did Apple begin offering as standard features meant for playing DVD's?"
] | {
"text": [
"DVD-ROM and DVD-RAM drives"
],
"answer_start": [
123
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86242 | 57343c494776f41900661ac9 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tracks include Tucson Raceway Park and Rillito Downs. Tucson Raceway Park hosts NASCAR-sanctioned auto racing events and is one of only two asphalt short tracks in Arizona. Rillito Downs is an in-town destination on weekends in January and February each year. This historic track held the first organized quarter horse r... | How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona? | How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona? | [
"How many asphalt short tracks are in Arizona?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107271 | 57351665acc1501500bac3f8 | Hunting | Hunting also has a significant financial impact in the United States, with many companies specialising in hunting equipment or speciality tourism. Many different technologies have been created to assist hunters, even including iPhone applications. Today's hunters come from a broad range of economic, social, and cultura... | What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting? | What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting? | [
"What do many companies specialize in apropos to hunting?"
] | {
"text": [
"equipment or speciality tourism"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8045 | 5726d8a5708984140094d356 | Copyright_infringement | Nevertheless, whether and to what degree any of these types of intermediaries have secondary liability is the subject of ongoing litigation. The decentralised structure of peer-to-peer networks, in particular, does not sit easily with existing laws on online intermediaries' liability. The BitTorrent protocol establishe... | What are the reasons for more complex network configurations in peer-to-peer software development? | What are the reasons for more complex network configurations in peer-to-peer software development? | [
"What are the reasons for more complex network configurations in peer-to-peer software development?"
] | {
"text": [
"to avoid liability as intermediaries"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18515 | 5726d4895951b619008f7f61 | Nigeria | Christian missions established Western educational institutions in the Protectorates. Under Britain's policy of indirect rule and validation of Islamic tradition, the Crown did not encourage the operation of Christian missions in the northern, Islamic part of the country. Some children of the southern elite went to Gre... | What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria? | What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria? | [
"What religion was the majority in the northern part of Nigeria?"
] | {
"text": [
"Islamic"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77311 | 5a53cf00bdaabd001a386745 | Armenians | The first geographical entity that was called Armenia by neighboring peoples (such as by Hecataeus of Miletus and on the Achaemenid Behistun Inscription) was established in the late 6th century BC under the Orontid dynasty within the Achaemenid Persian Empire as part of the latters' territories, and which later became ... | Within what empire was Caucasus created? | Within what empire was Caucasus created? | [
"Within what empire was Caucasus created?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68193 | 5ad423d8604f3c001a40085e | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston is the primary medical center for the eastern portion of the state. The city has several major hospitals located in the downtown area: Medical University of South Carolina Medical Center (MUSC), Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, and Roper Hospital. MUSC is the state's first school of medicine, the largest ... | Where is West Cooper Regional Medical Center? | Where is West Cooper Regional Medical Center? | [
"Where is West Cooper Regional Medical Center?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14721 | 573338734776f419006607a3 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | Perhaps foremost among what Whitehead considered faulty metaphysical assumptions was the Cartesian idea that reality is fundamentally constructed of bits of matter that exist totally independently of one another, which he rejected in favor of an event-based or "process" ontology in which events are primary and are fund... | What theory did Whitehead prefer to the Cartesian concept? | What theory did Whitehead prefer to the Cartesian concept? | [
"What theory did Whitehead prefer to the Cartesian concept?"
] | {
"text": [
"event-based or \"process\" ontology in which events are primary and are fundamentally interrelated and dependent on one another"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29338 | 57302226947a6a140053d16c | Swaziland | In 1903, after British victory in the Anglo-Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its early administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and... | In what year was Swaziland given self governance? | In what year was Swaziland given self governance? | [
"In what year was Swaziland given self governance? "
] | {
"text": [
"1906"
],
"answer_start": [
201
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25793 | 5a836de2e60761001a2eb6c5 | Copper | Copper's greater conductivity versus other metals enhances the electrical energy efficiency of motors. This is important because motors and motor-driven systems account for 43%-46% of all global electricity consumption and 69% of all electricity used by industry. Increasing the mass and cross section of copper in a coi... | What property of copper ruins the efficiency of electrical motors? | What property of copper ruins the efficiency of electrical motors? | [
"What property of copper ruins the efficiency of electrical motors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74233 | 5acfb20d77cf76001a68591c | Architecture | Beginning in the late 1950s and 1960s, architectural phenomenology emerged as an important movement in the early reaction against modernism, with architects like Charles Moore in the USA, Christian Norberg-Schulz in Norway, and Ernesto Nathan Rogers and Vittorio Gregotti in Italy, who collectively popularized an intere... | What was architectural phenomenology not reacting to? | What was architectural phenomenology not reacting to? | [
" What was architectural phenomenology not reacting to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44888 | 56f8dbb99e9bad19000a0606 | Gene | Horizontal gene transfer refers to the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction. This mechanism is a common source of new genes in prokaryotes, sometimes thought to contribute more to genetic variation than gene duplication. It is a common means of spreading antibiotic resistance, virule... | What is the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as? | What is the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as? | [
"What is the transfer of genetic material through a mechanism other than reproduction known as?"
] | {
"text": [
"Horizontal gene transfer"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67816 | 5ad41708604f3c001a400365 | Charleston,_South_Carolina | Charleston is the oldest and second-largest city in the U.S. state of South Carolina, the county seat of Charleston County, and the principal city in the Charleston–North Charleston–Summerville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city lies just south of the geographical midpoint of South Carolina's coastline and is loca... | What is the newest city in South Carolina? | What is the newest city in South Carolina? | [
"What is the newest city in South Carolina?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78223 | 57278262dd62a815002e9f1d | Child_labour | Child labour has been a consistent struggle for children in Brazil ever since the country was colonized on April 22, 1550 by Pedro Álvares Cabral. Work that many children took part in was not always visible, legal, or paid. Free or slave labour was a common occurrence for many youths and was a part of their everyday li... | Who colonized Brazil? | Who colonized Brazil? | [
"Who colonized Brazil?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pedro Álvares Cabral"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109429 | 5a1cc2cd4ea40d0018b06f09 | Dutch_Republic | Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific. | What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient? | What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient? | [
"What was broken by Africa on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4908 | 5a74f28397ca42001a521d88 | Green | In the 1980s green became the color of a number of new European political parties organized around an agenda of environmentalism. Green was chosen for its association with nature, health, and growth. The largest green party in Europe is Alliance '90/The Greens (German: Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) in Germany, which was forme... | What percentage of the votes did The Greens win in 1993? | What percentage of the votes did The Greens win in 1993? | [
"What percentage of the votes did The Greens win in 1993?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1604 | 57318186a5e9cc1400cdbff3 | Mosaic | Mosaic art also flourished in Christian Petra where three Byzantine churches were discovered. The most important one was uncovered in 1990. It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual. The mosaic of the seasons in the southern aisle is from this fir... | The scenes depicted on the mosaics were both native and what kind of mythological animals? | The scenes depicted on the mosaics were both native and what kind of mythological animals? | [
"The scenes depicted on the mosaics were both native and what kind of mythological animals?"
] | {
"text": [
"exotic"
],
"answer_start": [
534
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28264 | 5ad4ca4c5b96ef001a10a0c2 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg directed 2015's Bridge of Spies, a Cold War thriller based on the 1960 U-2 incident, and focusing on James B. Donovan's negotiations with the Soviets for the release of pilot Gary Powers after his aircraft was shot down over Soviet territory. The film starred Tom Hanks as Donovan, as well as Mark Rylance, Amy... | How many times has Spielberg won Best Director? | How many times has Spielberg won Best Director? | [
"How many times has Spielberg won Best Director?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22136 | 56e77ae437bdd419002c400f | National_Archives_and_Records_Administration | The first Archivist, R.D.W. Connor, began serving in 1934, when the National Archives was established by Congress. As a result of a first Hoover Commission recommendation, in 1949 the National Archives was placed within the newly formed General Services Administration (GSA). The Archivist served as a subordinate offici... | What branch of the US government established the National Archives? | What branch of the US government established the National Archives? | [
"What branch of the US government established the National Archives?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72495 | 5726843b708984140094c8a7 | Greece | Along with the Byzantine (Church) chant and music, the Greek people also cultivated the Greek folk song which is divided into two cycles, the akritic and klephtic. The akritic was created between the 9th and 10th centuries and expressed the life and struggles of the akrites (frontier guards) of the Byzantine empire, th... | Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks? | Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks? | [
"Which Greek song cycle expresses the life of the Greeks?"
] | {
"text": [
"klephtic"
],
"answer_start": [
510
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4744 | 5a74bc1342eae6001a389a48 | Green | In the subtractive color system, used in painting and color printing, green is created by a combination of yellow and blue, or yellow and cyan; in the RGB color model, used on television and computer screens, it is one of the additive primary colors, along with red and blue, which are mixed in different combinations to... | What is the complementary color to blue? | What is the complementary color to blue? | [
"What is the complementary color to blue?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7393 | 5730219bb2c2fd1400568902 | Georgian_architecture | In the early decades of the twentieth century when there was a growing nostalgia for its sense of order, the style was revived and adapted and in the United States came to be known as the Colonial Revival. In Canada the United Empire Loyalists embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of their fealty to Britain, and the... | Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain? | Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain? | [
"Which Canadian group embraced Georgian architecture as a sign of fealty to Britain?"
] | {
"text": [
"United Empire Loyalists"
],
"answer_start": [
220
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23491 | 5ad147a6645df0001a2d152c | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some scholars and organizations disagree with the notion of "separation of church and state", or the way the Supreme Court has interpreted the constitutional limitation on religious establishment. Such critics generally argue that the phrase misrepresents the textual requirements of the Constitution, while noting that ... | What do some organizations agree with the notion of? | What do some organizations agree with the notion of? | [
"What do some organizations agree with the notion of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51980 | 572a6f367a1753140016af51 | Miami | Miami (/maɪˈæmi/; Spanish pronunciation: [maiˈami]) is a city located on the Atlantic coast in southeastern Florida and the seat of Miami-Dade County. The 44th-most populated city proper in the United States, with a population of 430,332, it is the principal, central, and most populous city of the Miami metropolitan ar... | Where does Miami rank among American cities by population? | Where does Miami rank among American cities by population? | [
"Where does Miami rank among American cities by population?"
] | {
"text": [
"44th"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27716 | 5729e46baf94a219006aa6b1 | Energy | Examples of energy transformation include generating electric energy from heat energy via a steam turbine, or lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor. Lifting against gravity performs mechanical work on the object and stores gravitational potential energy in the object. If the ob... | What is another example of energy transformation? | What is another example of energy transformation? | [
"What is another example of energy transformation?"
] | {
"text": [
"lifting an object against gravity using electrical energy driving a crane motor"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53673 | 5ad26f1dd7d075001a42940f | Dialect | The Low German varieties spoken in Germany are often counted among the German dialects. This reflects the modern situation where they are roofed by standard German. This is different from the situation in the Middle Ages when Low German had strong tendencies towards an ausbau language. | In which country are the Middle Age varieties spoken? | In which country are the Middle Age varieties spoken? | [
"In which country are the Middle Age varieties spoken?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88191 | 572871812ca10214002da367 | God | The gender of God may be viewed as either a literal or an allegorical aspect of a deity who, in classical western philosophy, transcends bodily form. Polytheistic religions commonly attribute to each of the gods a gender, allowing each to interact with any of the others, and perhaps with humans, sexually. In most monot... | In what ways can the gender of God be viewed? | In what ways can the gender of God be viewed? | [
"In what ways can the gender of God be viewed?"
] | {
"text": [
"literal or an allegorical aspect"
],
"answer_start": [
44
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37298 | 5727a452ff5b5019007d91c1 | Switzerland | There are 12 universities in Switzerland, ten of which are maintained at cantonal level and usually offer a range of non-technical subjects. The first university in Switzerland was founded in 1460 in Basel (with a faculty of medicine) and has a tradition of chemical and medical research in Switzerland. The biggest univ... | How many of the 12 Swiss universities are maintained at the cantonal level? | How many of the 12 Swiss universities are maintained at the cantonal level? | [
"How many of the 12 Swiss universities are maintained at the cantonal level?"
] | {
"text": [
"ten"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31957 | 5726a6b4f1498d1400e8e625 | Myanmar | In 1988, unrest over economic mismanagement and political oppression by the government led to widespread pro-democracy demonstrations throughout the country known as the 8888 Uprising. Security forces killed thousands of demonstrators, and General Saw Maung staged a coup d'état and formed the State Law and Order Restor... | What was the official name of Burma changed to by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) | What was the official name of Burma changed to by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC) | [
"What was the official name of Burma changed to by the State Law and Order Restoration Council (SLORC)"
] | {
"text": [
"Union of Myanmar"
],
"answer_start": [
604
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26102 | 5ad0c060645df0001a2d01c6 | Edmund_Burke | The administration of Lord North (1770–1782) tried to defeat the colonist rebellion by military force. British and American forces clashed in 1775 and, in 1776, came the American Declaration of Independence. Burke was appalled by celebrations in Britain of the defeat of the Americans at New York and Pennsylvania. He cl... | When was Lord North born? | When was Lord North born? | [
"When was Lord North born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14776 | 5ad3ccb6604f3c001a3ff156 | Alfred_North_Whitehead | In Whitehead's view, then, concepts such as "quality", "matter", and "form" are problematic. These "classical" concepts fail to adequately account for change, and overlook the active and experiential nature of the most basic elements of the world. They are useful abstractions, but are not the world's basic building blo... | Why did he believe those concepts were accurate? | Why did he believe those concepts were accurate? | [
" Why did he believe those concepts were accurate?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49846 | 56cd7c1962d2951400fa6622 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Tibetan sources say Deshin Shekpa also persuaded the Yongle Emperor not to impose his military might on Tibet as the Mongols had previously done. Thinley writes that before the Karmapa returned to Tibet, the Yongle Emperor began planning to send a military force into Tibet to forcibly give the Karmapa authority over al... | Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet? | Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet? | [
"Who convinced the Yongle emperor not to send military forces into Tibet?"
] | {
"text": [
"Deshin Shekpa"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5332 | 5a10fb8c06e79900185c34a8 | Digimon | The first Digimon anime introduced the Digimon life cycle: They age in a similar fashion to real organisms, but do not die under normal circumstances because they are made of reconfigurable data, which can be seen throughout the show. Any Digimon that receives a fatal wound will dissolve into infinitesimal bits of data... | What happens when a Digimon receives a nonfatal wound? | What happens when a Digimon receives a nonfatal wound? | [
"What happens when a Digimon receives a nonfatal wound?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89714 | 57303a86a23a5019007fcfbd | The_Blitz | Probably the most devastating strike occurred on the evening of 29 December, when German aircraft attacked the City of London itself with incendiary and high explosive bombs, causing a firestorm that has been called the Second Great Fire of London. The first group to use these incendiaries was Kampfgruppe 100 which des... | On what day was London itself attacked? | On what day was London itself attacked? | [
"On what day was London itself attacked?"
] | {
"text": [
"the evening of 29 December"
],
"answer_start": [
49
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.