gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-79559 | 57312584497a881900248bc5 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Following the death of Grand Prince Igor in 945, his wife Olga ruled as regent in Kiev until their son Sviatoslav reached maturity (ca. 963). His decade-long reign over Rus' was marked by rapid expansion through the conquest of the Khazars of the Pontic steppe and the invasion of the Balkans. By the end of his short li... | In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader? | In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader? | [
"In what year did Sviatoslav take over as leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"963"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110527 | 57267077dd62a815002e84e8 | Professional_wrestling | All notable wrestlers now enter the ring accompanied by music, and regularly add other elements to their entrance. The music played during the ring entrance will usually mirror the wrestler's personality. Many wrestlers, particularly in America, have music and lyrics specially written for their ring entrance. While inv... | What typically happens when a match is won? | What typically happens when a match is won? | [
"What typically happens when a match is won?"
] | {
"text": [
"victor's theme music is usually also played"
],
"answer_start": [
564
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61097 | 5acec6d032bba1001ae4b3a7 | Police | As conceptualized by the Polizeiwissenschaft,according to Foucault the police had an administrative,economic and social duty ("procuring abundance"). It was in charge of demographic concerns and needed to be incorporated within the western political philosophy system of raison d'état and therefore giving the superficia... | Why didn't the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning? | Why didn't the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning? | [
"Why didn't the functions of police grow beyond law enforcement to urban planning?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77241 | 56df76205ca0a614008f9aa4 | United_Nations_Population_Fund | In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark,... | Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008? | Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008? | [
"Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Netherlands"
],
"answer_start": [
252
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37888 | 572fec5d947a6a140053cdfe | Roman_Republic | Convinced now that the Greeks (and therefore the rest of the region) would not have peace if left alone, Rome decided to establish its first permanent foothold in the Greek world, and divided the Kingdom of Macedonia into four client republics. Yet, Macedonian agitation continued. The Fourth Macedonian War, 150 to 148 ... | Who did Rome fight in the Fourth Macedonian War? | Who did Rome fight in the Fourth Macedonian War? | [
"Who did Rome fight in the Fourth Macedonian War?"
] | {
"text": [
"a Macedonian pretender to the throne"
],
"answer_start": [
343
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80703 | 57257a9769ff041400e58df4 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria married her first cousin, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, in 1840. Their nine children married into royal and noble families across the continent, tying them together and earning her the sobriquet "the grandmother of Europe". After Albert's death in 1861, Victoria plunged into deep mourning and avoided... | Who did Victoria marry? | Who did Victoria marry? | [
"Who did Victoria marry?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha"
],
"answer_start": [
35
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111780 | 572bbe72be1ee31400cb848f | Education | Some theories propose that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities, while others suggest that individuals may have preferred learning styles, learning more easily through visual or kinesthetic experiences. A consequence of the latter theory is that effective teaching should present a variety of te... | What do some theories believe? | What do some theories believe? | [
"What do some theories believe?"
] | {
"text": [
"that all individuals benefit from a variety of learning modalities"
],
"answer_start": [
22
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74278 | 5ace5e3b32bba1001ae4a42e | Asphalt | The first use of asphalt/bitumen in the New World was by indigenous peoples. On the west coast, as early as the 13th century, the Tongva, Luiseño and Chumash peoples collected the naturally occurring asphalt/bitumen that seeped to the surface above underlying petroleum deposits. All three used the substance as an adhes... | What was used on turtle shells to provide decorations? | What was used on turtle shells to provide decorations? | [
"What was used on turtle shells to provide decorations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80352 | 572fbb81947a6a140053cbf8 | Bacteria | Carbon metabolism in bacteria is either heterotrophic, where organic carbon compounds are used as carbon sources, or autotrophic, meaning that cellular carbon is obtained by fixing carbon dioxide. Heterotrophic bacteria include parasitic types. Typical autotrophic bacteria are phototrophic cyanobacteria, green sulfur-b... | What category do parasitic bacteria fall into? | What category do parasitic bacteria fall into? | [
"What category do parasitic bacteria fall into?"
] | {
"text": [
"Heterotrophic bacteria"
],
"answer_start": [
197
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31342 | 572691045951b619008f76d8 | Germans | In 1870, after France attacked Prussia, Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany (among them Bavaria) were victorious in the Franco-Prussian War. It created the German Empire in 1871 as a German nation-state, effectively excluding the multi-ethnic Austrian Habsburg monarchy and Liechtenstein. Integrating the Aust... | Who won the Franco-Prussian War? | Who won the Franco-Prussian War? | [
"Who won the Franco-Prussian War?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prussia and its new allies in Southern Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93384 | 57313c12a5e9cc1400cdbd6d | Light-emitting_diode | Alphanumeric LEDs are available in seven-segment, starburst and dot-matrix format. Seven-segment displays handle all numbers and a limited set of letters. Starburst displays can display all letters. Dot-matrix displays typically use 5x7 pixels per character. Seven-segment LED displays were in widespread use in the 1970... | Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters? | Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters? | [
"Which alphanumeric LED display can display all letters?"
] | {
"text": [
"Starburst"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35736 | 5a4870e084b8a4001a7e7875 | Imperial_College_London | Furthermore, in terms of job prospects, as of 2014 the average starting salary of an Imperial graduate was the highest of any UK university. In terms of specific course salaries, the Sunday Times ranked Computing graduates from Imperial as earning the second highest average starting salary in the UK after graduation, o... | Who ranks Imperial as 1st in quality of graduates? | Who ranks Imperial as 1st in quality of graduates? | [
"Who ranks Imperial as 1st in quality of graduates?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109475 | 5a1cd1454ea40d0018b06f43 | Dutch_Republic | The States General of the United Provinces were in control of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and the Dutch West India Company (WIC), but some shipping expeditions were initiated by some of the provinces, mostly Holland and/or Zeeland. | What companies were the shipping expedition in control of? | What companies were the shipping expedition in control of? | [
"What companies were the shipping expedition in control of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19634 | 5ad5ff435b96ef001a10aff4 | Comprehensive_school | In 1970 Margaret Thatcher became Secretary of State for Education of the new Conservative government. She ended the compulsion on local authorities to convert, however, many local authorities were so far down the path that it would have been prohibitively expensive to attempt to reverse the process, and more comprehens... | What party wasn't in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education? | What party wasn't in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education? | [
"What party wasn't in power when Margaret Thatcher was made Secretary of State for Education?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84025 | 5a7e2cf070df9f001a875522 | Translation | Mark Twain provided humorously telling evidence for the frequent unreliability of back-translation when he issued his own back-translation of a French translation of his short story, "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County". He published his back-translation in a 1903 volume together with his English-language ... | What language did Twain remove a back-translation? | What language did Twain remove a back-translation? | [
"What language did Twain remove a back-translation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30266 | 5acd5bb107355d001abf3eb7 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | Raleigh receives an average of 6.0 inches (15.2 cm) of snow in winter. Freezing rain and sleet also occur most winters, and occasionally the area experiences a major damaging ice storm. On January 24–25, 2000, Raleigh received its greatest snowfall from a single storm – 20.3 inches (52 cm) – the Winter Storm of January... | How much snow fell on January 18 2001? | How much snow fell on January 18 2001? | [
"How much snow fell on January 18 2001? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43565 | 5726d01c5951b619008f7eb8 | Korean_War | UN aerial reconnaissance had difficulty sighting PVA units in daytime, because their march and bivouac discipline minimized aerial detection. The PVA marched "dark-to-dark" (19:00–03:00), and aerial camouflage (concealing soldiers, pack animals, and equipment) was deployed by 05:30. Meanwhile, daylight advance parties ... | What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by? | What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by? | [
"What were PVA troops told to do when planes flew by?"
] | {
"text": [
"remain motionless"
],
"answer_start": [
410
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1435 | 5731525ca5e9cc1400cdbe77 | Mosaic | The mosaic pavement of the Vrina Plain basilica of Butrint, Albania appear to pre-date that of the Baptistery by almost a generation, dating to the last quarter of the 5th or the first years of the 6th century. The mosaic displays a variety of motifs including sea-creatures, birds, terrestrial beasts, fruits, flowers, ... | The floor mosaic in Butrint is how much older than that of the Baptistry? | The floor mosaic in Butrint is how much older than that of the Baptistry? | [
"The floor mosaic in Butrint is how much older than that of the Baptistry?"
] | {
"text": [
"almost a generation"
],
"answer_start": [
113
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66883 | 57282a062ca10214002d9faf | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In Kazakhstan on June 19, 1989, young men carrying guns, firebombs, iron bars and stones rioted in Zhanaozen, causing a number of deaths. The youths tried to seize a police station and a water-supply station. They brought public transportation to a halt and shut down various shops and industries. By June 25, the riotin... | How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots? | How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots? | [
"How many towns had riots of their own following the initial riots?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3036 | 57303fedb2c2fd1400568af3 | British_Isles | The Council does not have executive powers but meets biannually to discuss issues of mutual importance. Similarly, the Parliamentary Assembly has no legislative powers but investigates and collects witness evidence from the public on matters of mutual concern to its members. Reports on its findings are presented to the... | Does the Parliamentary Assembly had any kinds of legislative authority? | Does the Parliamentary Assembly had any kinds of legislative authority? | [
"Does the Parliamentary Assembly had any kinds of legislative authority?"
] | {
"text": [
"no"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82374 | 56e6fca46fe0821900b8ec7f | Daylight_saving_time | Daylight saving time (DST) or summer time is the practice of advancing clocks during summer months by one hour so that in the evening daylight is experienced an hour longer, while sacrificing normal sunrise times. Typically, regions with summer time adjust clocks forward one hour close to the start of spring and adjust... | What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST? | What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST? | [
"What period of time do we set our clocks forward in DST?"
] | {
"text": [
"one hour"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46303 | 573258d2e17f3d14004228d4 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | In the United States, their persistent legal challenges prompted a series of state and federal court rulings that reinforced judicial protections for civil liberties. Among the rights strengthened by Witness court victories in the United States are the protection of religious conduct from federal and state interference... | What do patients have the right to refuse? | What do patients have the right to refuse? | [
"What do patients have the right to refuse?"
] | {
"text": [
"medical treatment"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94848 | 57108f32a58dae1900cd6a26 | Age_of_Enlightenment | In France, the established men of letters (gens de lettres) had fused with the elites (les grands) of French society by the mid-18th century. This led to the creation of an oppositional literary sphere, Grub Street, the domain of a "multitude of versifiers and would-be authors". These men came to London to become autho... | Could the London market support the large numbers of writers that were emerging? | Could the London market support the large numbers of writers that were emerging? | [
"Could the London market support the large numbers of writers that were emerging?"
] | {
"text": [
"not"
],
"answer_start": [
379
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36732 | 5a8493017cf838001a46a962 | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | Internal party disunity compounded the difficulty of identifying lawmakers who might have informally functioned as a minority leader. For instance, "seven of the fourteen speakership elections from 1834 through 1859 had at least twenty different candidates in the field. Thirty-six competed in 1839, ninety-seven in 1849... | What atmosphere was most prevalent in congress from 1834 through 1859? | What atmosphere was most prevalent in congress from 1834 through 1859? | [
"What atmosphere was most prevalent in congress from 1834 through 1859?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93688 | 5728c1f53acd2414000dfdbb | Estonia | The Ministry of Defence and the Defence Forces have been working on a cyberwarfare and defence formation for some years now. In 2007, a military doctrine of an e-military of Estonia was officially introduced as the country was under massive cyberattacks in 2007. The proposed aim of the e-military is to secure the vital... | What event in 2007 led to a need for e-military action? | What event in 2007 led to a need for e-military action? | [
"What event in 2007 led to a need for e-military action?"
] | {
"text": [
"massive cyberattacks"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84771 | 573027d5947a6a140053d1c2 | San_Diego | In 2005 two city council members, Ralph Inzunza and Deputy Mayor Michael Zucchet – who briefly took over as acting mayor when Murphy resigned – were convicted of extortion, wire fraud, and conspiracy to commit wire fraud for taking campaign contributions from a strip club owner and his associates, allegedly in exchange... | Who did Inzunza and Zucche accept money from? | Who did Inzunza and Zucche accept money from? | [
"Who did Inzunza and Zucche accept money from?"
] | {
"text": [
"a strip club owner and his associates"
],
"answer_start": [
260
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109932 | 5ad3f096604f3c001a3ff84a | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | In what year was there a successful Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty? | In what year was there a successful Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty? | [
"In what year was there a successful Michigan constitutional amendment to allow the death penalty?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59471 | 5ad15db0645df0001a2d18d0 | Electric_motor | A commutated DC motor has a set of rotating windings wound on an armature mounted on a rotating shaft. The shaft also carries the commutator, a long-lasting rotary electrical switch that periodically reverses the flow of current in the rotor windings as the shaft rotates. Thus, every brushed DC motor has AC flowing thr... | What does the excommunicator do? | What does the excommunicator do? | [
"What does the excommunicator do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70433 | 56dfbeed7aa994140058e0f5 | Pub | Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, a... | On what day were beer houses closed? | On what day were beer houses closed? | [
"On what day were beer houses closed?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sundays"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23945 | 572907353f37b31900477fa2 | Bermuda | The first known European explorer to reach Bermuda was Spanish sea captain Juan de Bermúdez in 1503, after whom the islands are named. He claimed the apparently uninhabited islands for the Spanish Empire. Paying two visits to the archipelago, Bermúdez never landed on the islands, but did create a recognisable map of th... | In what year did Jaun de Bermudez first reach Bermuda? | In what year did Jaun de Bermudez first reach Bermuda? | [
"In what year did Jaun de Bermudez first reach Bermuda?"
] | {
"text": [
"1503"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12449 | 5a65e1c2c2b11c001a425daa | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | Name two AMA bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production. | Name two AMA bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production. | [
"Name two AMA bills that want to ban antibiotics in food production."
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16658 | 572a6ceb7a1753140016af34 | Friedrich_Hayek | Also in 1931, Hayek critiqued Keynes's Treatise on Money (1930) in his "Reflections on the pure theory of Mr. J. M. Keynes" and published his lectures at the LSE in book form as Prices and Production. Unemployment and idle resources are, for Keynes, caused by a lack of effective demand; for Hayek, they stem from a prev... | Hayek's critical analysis of Keyne's work was published under what title? | Hayek's critical analysis of Keyne's work was published under what title? | [
"Hayek's critical analysis of Keyne's work was published under what title?"
] | {
"text": [
"Prices and Production"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106644 | 5726635ddd62a815002e8364 | East_India_Company | In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status ... | Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company | Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company | [
"Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company"
] | {
"text": [
"company lobby"
],
"answer_start": [
65
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79052 | 5a8dae8adf8bba001a0f9b70 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The team worked on a Wii control scheme, adapting camera control and the fighting mechanics to the new interface. A prototype was created that used a swinging gesture to control the sword from a first-person viewpoint, but was unable to show the variety of Link's movements. When the third-person view was restored, Aonu... | Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2006? | Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2006? | [
"Who provided information about the game's controls in December of 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11589 | 56f9fb6e8f12f31900630042 | Somalis | Inscriptions have been found beneath many of the rock paintings, but archaeologists have so far been unable to decipher this form of ancient writing. During the Stone age, the Doian culture and the Hargeisan culture flourished here with their respective industries and factories. | What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings? | What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings? | [
"What undeciphered writings were found alongside the rock paintings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Inscriptions"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80839 | 57258041cc50291900b28543 | Queen_Victoria | Gladstone returned to power after the 1892 general election; he was 82 years old. Victoria objected when Gladstone proposed appointing the Radical MP Henry Labouchere to the Cabinet, so Gladstone agreed not to appoint him. In 1894, Gladstone retired and, without consulting the outgoing prime minister, Victoria appointe... | How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister? | How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister? | [
"How long was Lord Sailsbury Prime Minister?"
] | {
"text": [
"the remainder of Victoria's reign"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18137 | 5ad0cde4645df0001a2d0407 | Eritrea | Eritrea is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, and is an observing member of the Arab League. The nation holds a seat on the United Nations' Advisory Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions (ACABQ). Eritrea also holds memberships in the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, I... | What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons? | What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons? | [
"What is the acronym for the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105830 | 5a56ac736349e2001acdced4 | Compact_disc | The ReWritable Audio CD is designed to be used in a consumer audio CD recorder, which will not (without modification) accept standard CD-RW discs. These consumer audio CD recorders use the Serial Copy Management System (SCMS), an early form of digital rights management (DRM), to conform to the United States' Audio Home... | Why is the CD-RW more expensive than the ReWritable CD? | Why is the CD-RW more expensive than the ReWritable CD? | [
"Why is the CD-RW more expensive than the ReWritable CD?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108912 | 5a7e45c470df9f001a875668 | Literature | In ancient Greece, the epics of Homer, who wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey, and Hesiod, who wrote Works and Days and Theogony, are some of the earliest, and most influential, of Ancient Greek literature. Classical Greek genres included philosophy, poetry, historiography, comedies and dramas. Plato and Aristotle authore... | What still exists written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Plato? | What still exists written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Plato? | [
"What still exists written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Plato?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-851 | 56df7f4056340a1900b29c3c | Plymouth | The early port settlement of Plymouth, called "Sutton", approximates to the area now referred to as the Barbican and has 100 listed buildings and the largest concentration of cobbled streets in Britain. The Pilgrim Fathers left for the New World in 1620 near the commemorative Mayflower Steps in Sutton Pool. Also on Sut... | What monument commemorates the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers? | What monument commemorates the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers? | [
"What monument commemorates the departure of the Pilgrim Fathers?"
] | {
"text": [
"Mayflower Steps"
],
"answer_start": [
277
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65456 | 5727b338ff5b5019007d92f3 | Detroit | Detroit (/dᵻˈtrɔɪt/) is the most populous city in the U.S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state. Detroit's metropolitan area, known as Metro Detroit, is home to 5.3 million... | What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit? | What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit? | [
"What is the name of the river that runs through Detroit?"
] | {
"text": [
"Detroit River"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-622 | 56df5a5d96943c1400a5d407 | Plymouth | In the Parliament of the United Kingdom, Plymouth is represented by the three constituencies of Plymouth Moor View, Plymouth Sutton and Devonport and South West Devon and within the European Parliament as South West England. In the 2015 general election all three constituencies returned Conservative MPs, who were Olive... | Who was elected for the Sutton and Devonport constitutency in 2015? | Who was elected for the Sutton and Devonport constitutency in 2015? | [
"Who was elected for the Sutton and Devonport constitutency in 2015?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gary Streeter"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33123 | 57261826271a42140099d473 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Prompted by legislation in various countries mandating increased bulb efficiency, new "hybrid" incandescent bulbs have been introduced by Philips. The "Halogena Energy Saver" incandescents can produce about 23 lm/W; about 30 percent more efficient than traditional incandescents, by using a reflective capsule to reflect... | Which company introduced hybrid incandescent bulbs? | Which company introduced hybrid incandescent bulbs? | [
"Which company introduced hybrid incandescent bulbs?"
] | {
"text": [
"Philips"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95019 | 5710faaeb654c5140001fa5e | Age_of_Enlightenment | One of the primary elements of the culture of the Enlightenment was the rise of the public sphere, a "realm of communication marked by new arenas of debate, more open and accessible forms of urban public space and sociability, and an explosion of print culture," in the late 17th century and 18th century. Elements of th... | During what centuries was the rise of the public sphere? | During what centuries was the rise of the public sphere? | [
"During what centuries was the rise of the public sphere?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 17th century and 18th century"
],
"answer_start": [
270
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33273 | 5ad1a496645df0001a2d216c | Incandescent_light_bulb | The halogen lamp reduces uneven evaporation of the filament and eliminates darkening of the envelope by filling the lamp with a halogen gas at low pressure, rather than an inert gas. The halogen cycle increases the lifetime of the bulb and prevents its darkening by redepositing tungsten from the inside of the bulb back... | Where are halogen bulbs not widely used? | Where are halogen bulbs not widely used? | [
"Where are halogen bulbs not widely used?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73054 | 56daf26ae7c41114004b4b5c | American_Idol | Guest judges may occasionally be introduced. In season two, guest judges such as Lionel Richie and Robin Gibb were used, and in season three Donna Summer, Quentin Tarantino and some of the mentors also joined as judges to critique the performances in the final rounds. Guest judges were used in the audition rounds for s... | When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions? | When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions? | [
"When was Shania Twain a guest judge for auditions?"
] | {
"text": [
"season eight"
],
"answer_start": [
468
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26483 | 5a779d9a2d6d7f001a4aa015 | University | Many scholars (including Makdisi) have argued that early medieval universities were influenced by the religious madrasahs in Al-Andalus, the Emirate of Sicily, and the Middle East (during the Crusades). Other scholars see this argument as overstated. Lowe and Yasuhara have recently drawn on the well-documented influenc... | Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of the islamic world? | Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of the islamic world? | [
"Madrasas in which specific location are said to have guided the formation of the islamic world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48789 | 5aceb7d932bba1001ae4b168 | Athanasius_of_Alexandria | T. Gilmartin, (Professor of History, Maynooth, 1890), writes in Church History, Vol. 1, Ch XVII: On the death of Alexander, five months after the termination of the Council of Nice, Athanasius was unanimously elected to fill the vacant see. He was most unwilling to accept the dignity, for he clearly foresaw the difficu... | How old was Athanasius when he became the Pope of Alexandria? | How old was Athanasius when he became the Pope of Alexandria? | [
"How old was Athanasius when he became the Pope of Alexandria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40092 | 572b881ebe1ee31400cb8411 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | New Haven is served by the daily New Haven Register, the weekly "alternative" New Haven Advocate (which is run by Tribune, the corporation owning the Hartford Courant), the online daily New Haven Independent, and the monthly Grand News Community Newspaper. Downtown New Haven is covered by an in-depth civic news forum, ... | There is newspaper company within the city that runs monthly, it's name ? | There is newspaper company within the city that runs monthly, it's name ? | [
"There is newspaper company within the city that runs monthly, it's name ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Grand News Community Newspaper"
],
"answer_start": [
225
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98131 | 56e1a3b2cd28a01900c67a43 | Hydrogen | Hydrogen's rarer isotopes also each have specific applications. Deuterium (hydrogen-2) is used in nuclear fission applications as a moderator to slow neutrons, and in nuclear fusion reactions. Deuterium compounds have applications in chemistry and biology in studies of reaction isotope effects. Tritium (hydrogen-3), pr... | What is tritium used for? | What is tritium used for? | [
"What is tritium used for?"
] | {
"text": [
"production of hydrogen bombs, as an isotopic label in the biosciences, and as a radiation source in luminous paints"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114228 | 57268c78708984140094c9bc | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | According to Max Clifford: Read All About It, written by Clifford and Angela Levin, La Salle invented the story out of frustration with Starr who had been working on a book with McCaffrey. She contacted an acquaintance who worked for The Sun in Manchester. The story reportedly delighted MacKenzie, who was keen to run i... | Who was writing a book with McCaffrey? | Who was writing a book with McCaffrey? | [
"Who was writing a book with McCaffrey?"
] | {
"text": [
"Starr"
],
"answer_start": [
136
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110928 | 5a81b9e531013a001a334df7 | Group_(mathematics) | These symmetries are represented by functions. Each of these functions sends a point in the square to the corresponding point under the symmetry. For example, r1 sends a point to its rotation 90° clockwise around the square's center, and fh sends a point to its reflection across the square's vertical middle line. Compo... | Both symmetries are applied to what? | Both symmetries are applied to what? | [
"Both symmetries are applied to what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38656 | 570c33b8ec8fbc190045bd99 | FC_Barcelona | Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year'... | Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana? | Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana? | [
"Which Spanish team did Barcelona defeat to win the Supercopa de Espana?"
] | {
"text": [
"Athletic Bilbao"
],
"answer_start": [
562
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70941 | 57321a39e99e3014001e651e | Bird | Birds have featured in culture and art since prehistoric times, when they were represented in early cave paintings. Some birds have been perceived as monsters, including the mythological Roc and the Māori's legendary Pouākai, a giant bird capable of snatching humans. Birds were later used as symbols of power, as in the... | John James Audubon later lent his name to which group? | John James Audubon later lent his name to which group? | [
"John James Audubon later lent his name to which group?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Audubon Society"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84668 | 573019ca04bcaa1900d77196 | San_Diego | In 2000, the median income for a household in the city was $45,733, and the median income for a family was $53,060. Males had a median income of $36,984 versus $31,076 for females. The per capita income for the city was $23,609. According to Forbes in 2005, San Diego was the fifth wealthiest U.S. city but about 10.6% o... | What did Money magazine rate San Diego as being in 2006? | What did Money magazine rate San Diego as being in 2006? | [
"What did Money magazine rate San Diego as being in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"fifth-best place to live in the United States"
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71534 | 5727e60bff5b5019007d97e8 | Oklahoma | Thirty-nine Native American tribal governments are based in Oklahoma, each holding limited powers within designated areas. While Indian reservations typical in most of the United States are not present in Oklahoma, tribal governments hold land granted during the Indian Territory era, but with limited jurisdiction and n... | Who must approve tribal constitutions? | Who must approve tribal constitutions? | [
"Who must approve tribal constitutions?"
] | {
"text": [
"the United States Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
757
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22668 | 5a12520e6614be00188f24f1 | Exhibition_game | It also used to be commonplace to have a team play an exhibition against Minor League affiliates during the regular season, but worries of injuries to players, along with travel issues, have made this very rare. Exhibitions between inter-city teams in different leagues, like Chicago's Crosstown Classic and New York's S... | What kind of play is now for bragging rights only | What kind of play is now for bragging rights only | [
"What kind of play is now for bragging rights only"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108919 | 5a7a4d6417ab25001a8a04a5 | Literature | Roman histories and biographies anticipated the extensive mediaeval literature of lives of saints and miraculous chronicles, but the most characteristic form of the Middle Ages was the romance, an adventurous and sometimes magical narrative with strong popular appeal. Controversial, religious, political and instruction... | What genre was the most characteristic form of the Bronze Ages? | What genre was the most characteristic form of the Bronze Ages? | [
"What genre was the most characteristic form of the Bronze Ages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47264 | 5726ea905951b619008f8259 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna released the Material Girl clothing line, which she designed with her daughter, Lourdes. The 1980s inspired clothing line, borrowed from Madonna's punk-girl style when she rose to fame in the 1980s, was released under the Macy's label. Madonna also opened a series of fitness centers around the world named Hard ... | What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened? | What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened? | [
"What is the name of the fitness gyms that Madonna opened?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hard Candy Fitness"
],
"answer_start": [
315
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81016 | 5724e9730a492a190043565f | Queen_Victoria | Victoria visited mainland Europe regularly for holidays. In 1889, during a stay in Biarritz, she became the first reigning monarch from Britain to set foot in Spain when she crossed the border for a brief visit. By April 1900, the Boer War was so unpopular in mainland Europe that her annual trip to France seemed inadvi... | What war prevented Queen Victoria from taking her annual trip to France in 1900? | What war prevented Queen Victoria from taking her annual trip to France in 1900? | [
"What war prevented Queen Victoria from taking her annual trip to France in 1900?"
] | {
"text": [
"Boer War"
],
"answer_start": [
231
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12146 | 5ad15431645df0001a2d17ab | Universal_Studios | The long-awaited takeover of Universal Pictures by MCA, Inc. happened in mid-1962 as part of the MCA-Decca Records merger. The company reverted in name to Universal Pictures. As a final gesture before leaving the talent agency business, virtually every MCA client was signed to a Universal contract. In 1964 MCA formed U... | What was Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions renamed in 1966? | What was Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions renamed in 1966? | [
"What was Universal Pictures Company and Revue Productions renamed in 1966?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8712 | 5acdfd2f32bba1001ae49959 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. | What was Soviet Russia not called as of 1937? | What was Soviet Russia not called as of 1937? | [
"What was Soviet Russia not called as of 1937?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78335 | 5727a3013acd2414000de885 | Child_labour | In 2008, the BBC reported that the company Primark was using child labor in the manufacture of clothing. In particular, a £4 hand-embroidered shirt was the starting point of a documentary produced by BBC's Panorama programme. The programme asks consumers to ask themselves, "Why am I only paying £4 for a hand embroidere... | Who did the BBC in 2008 report as using child labor? | Who did the BBC in 2008 report as using child labor? | [
"Who did the BBC in 2008 report as using child labor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Primark"
],
"answer_start": [
43
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82598 | 56e793ad00c9c71400d772fa | Daylight_saving_time | Some applications standardize on UTC to avoid problems with clock shifts and time zone differences. Likewise, most modern operating systems internally handle and store all times as UTC and only convert to local time for display. | Where do computers usually use UTC? | Where do computers usually use UTC? | [
"Where do computers usually use UTC?"
] | {
"text": [
"internally"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25450 | 5730f379497a881900248a93 | Namibia | Since independence Namibia has successfully completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy. Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly. Several registered political parties are active and represented in ... | Who succeeded Sam Nujoma? | Who succeeded Sam Nujoma? | [
"Who succeeded Sam Nujoma?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hifikepunye Pohamba"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39196 | 5731e59ee17f3d1400422512 | Protestantism | The Church of England declared its independence from the Catholic Church at the time of the Elizabethan Religious Settlement. Many of the new Anglican formularies of the mid-16th century corresponded closely to those of contemporary Reformed tradition. These reforms were understood by one of those most responsible for ... | The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions? | The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions? | [
"The Church of England's reforms put it in the middle of what two traditions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lutheranism and Calvinism"
],
"answer_start": [
461
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36996 | 5a0cbf1df5590b0018dab539 | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In 2011, the foundation launched a program called "Reinvent the Toilet Challenge" with the aim to promote the development of innovations in toilet design to benefit the 2.5 billion people that do not have access to safe and effective sanitation. This program has generated significant interest of the mainstream media. I... | What program generated interest by Grand Challenges Explorations? | What program generated interest by Grand Challenges Explorations? | [
"What program generated interest by Grand Challenges Explorations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65728 | 5728d743ff5b5019007da7ec | Detroit | Beginning with its incorporation in 1802, Detroit has had a total of 74 mayors. Detroit's last mayor from the Republican Party was Louis Miriani, who served from 1957 to 1962. In 1973, the city elected its first black mayor, Coleman Young. Despite development efforts, his combative style during his five terms in office... | Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor? | Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor? | [
"Who was Detroit's last Republican mayor?"
] | {
"text": [
"Louis Miriani"
],
"answer_start": [
131
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2562 | 56d2606959d6e41400145f20 | Buddhism | Although "Nibbāna" (Sanskrit: Nirvāna) is the common term for the desired goal of this practice, many other terms can be found throughout the Nikayas, which are not specified.[note 35] | The desired goal for buddhism is what? | The desired goal for buddhism is what? | [
"The desired goal for buddhism is what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nirvāna"
],
"answer_start": [
30
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17281 | 5ad11e5a645df0001a2d0e20 | Uranium | Uranium ore is mined in several ways: by open pit, underground, in-situ leaching, and borehole mining (see uranium mining). Low-grade uranium ore mined typically contains 0.01 to 0.25% uranium oxides. Extensive measures must be employed to extract the metal from its ore. High-grade ores found in Athabasca Basin deposit... | What percentage range of uranium dioxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore? | What percentage range of uranium dioxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore? | [
"What percentage range of uranium dioxide is usually contained in low-grade uranium ore?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78721 | 5ad29d55d7d075001a429c1c | Greeks | Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There a... | What is the religion of the Greek minority? | What is the religion of the Greek minority? | [
"What is the religion of the Greek minority?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96841 | 5a21c9378a6e4f001aa08ec2 | Canon_law | Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by ecclesiastical authority (Church leadership), for the government of a Christian organization or church and its members. It is the internal ecclesiastical law governing the Catholic Church (both Latin Church and Eastern Catholic Churches), the Eastern and Oriental Or... | Throughout what three bodies is canon law interpreted the same way? | Throughout what three bodies is canon law interpreted the same way? | [
"Throughout what three bodies is canon law interpreted the same way?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2376 | 56d1e851e7d4791d00902443 | Buddhism | The Twelve Nidānas describe a causal connection between the subsequent characteristics or conditions of cyclic existence, each one giving rise to the next: | What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance? | What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance? | [
"What describes the causal connection between the subsequent conditions of cyclic existance?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Twelve Nidānas"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83108 | 56dec9fa3277331400b4d734 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | On September 27, 2006 Schwarzenegger signed a bill creating the nation's first cap on greenhouse gas emissions. The law set new regulations on the amount of emissions utilities, refineries and manufacturing plants are allowed to release into the atmosphere. Schwarzenegger also signed a second global warming bill that p... | The regulations pertain to emissions from utilities, manufacturing plants, and what other entity? | The regulations pertain to emissions from utilities, manufacturing plants, and what other entity? | [
"The regulations pertain to emissions from utilities, manufacturing plants, and what other entity?"
] | {
"text": [
"refineries"
],
"answer_start": [
178
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1745 | 570b3d5fec8fbc190045b90a | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. The lead up to the war began with the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in August 1990 which was met with immediate economic sanctions by the United Nations against Iraq. The coalition commenced hostilities in January ... | How many US veterans of the Persian Gulf War have been classed as permanently disabled? | How many US veterans of the Persian Gulf War have been classed as permanently disabled? | [
"How many US veterans of the Persian Gulf War have been classed as permanently disabled?"
] | {
"text": [
"180,000"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50585 | 56e860fd00c9c71400d77674 | Bern | In 1983 the historic old town in the centre of Bern became a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bern is ranked among the world’s top ten cities for the best quality of life (2010). | Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site? | Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site? | [
"Where is the UNESCO World Heritage Site?"
] | {
"text": [
"centre of Bern"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56290 | 57277a635951b619008f8ad7 | Nonprofit_organization | After a nonprofit organization has been formed at the state level, the organization may seek recognition of tax exempt status with respect to U.S. federal income tax. That is done typically by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), although statutory exemptions exist for limited types of nonprofit organization... | Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status? | Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status? | [
"Who has the final say on whether or not an NPO is granted tax exempt status?"
] | {
"text": [
"Internal Revenue Service (IRS)"
],
"answer_start": [
209
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58079 | 57274387f1498d1400e8f563 | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | There are a multitude of supporters as well as opponents to the policy of affirmative action. Many presidents throughout the last century have failed to take a very firm stance on the policy, and the public has had to discern the president's opinion for themselves. Bill Clinton, however, made his stance on affirmative ... | What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality? | What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality? | [
"What did President Clinton claim would not be enough to give everyone in American equality?"
] | {
"text": [
"just outlawing discrimination"
],
"answer_start": [
678
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76874 | 572646f6f1498d1400e8daee | Dutch_language | A Frankish identity emerged and so did their Frankish or Franconian language. The language itself is poorly attested. A notable exception is the Bergakker inscription, found near the Dutch city of Tiel, which may represent a primary record of 5th-century Frankish. Although some placenames recorded in Roman texts could ... | To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription? | To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription? | [
"To which century do some researchers attribute the Bergakker inscription?"
] | {
"text": [
"5th"
],
"answer_start": [
243
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110702 | 57300950a23a5019007fcc87 | Iran | The centuries-long geopolitical and ideological rivalry between Safavid Iran and the neighboring Ottoman Empire, led to numerous Ottoman–Persian Wars. The Safavid Era peaked in the reign of Abbas the Great, 1587–1629, surpassing their Ottoman arch rivals in strength, and making the empire a leading hub in Western Euras... | Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan? | Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan? | [
"Who was the last Safavid ruler who was defeated in 1722 by the Pashtuns in Isfahan?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soltan Hosein"
],
"answer_start": [
903
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74288 | 5ace62f532bba1001ae4a51a | Asphalt | When maintenance is performed on asphalt pavements, such as milling to remove a worn or damaged surface, the removed material can be returned to a facility for processing into new pavement mixtures. The asphalt/bitumen in the removed material can be reactivated and put back to use in new pavement mixes. With some 95% o... | How often does the Federal Asphalt Administration conduct surveys? | How often does the Federal Asphalt Administration conduct surveys? | [
"How often does the Federal Asphalt Administration conduct surveys?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78075 | 57281d803acd2414000df4d4 | Strasbourg | The Bibliothèque nationale et universitaire (BNU) is, with its collection of more than 3,000,000 titles, the second largest library in France after the Bibliothèque nationale de France. It was founded by the German administration after the complete destruction of the previous municipal library in 1871 and holds the uni... | When was the previous library destroyed? | When was the previous library destroyed? | [
"When was the previous library destroyed?"
] | {
"text": [
"1871"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68488 | 5a36b92a95360f001af1b33d | George_VI | From 9 February for two days his coffin rested in St. Mary Magdalene Church, Sandringham, before lying in state at Westminster Hall from 11 February. His funeral took place at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, on the 15th. He was interred initially in the Royal Vault until he was transferred to the King George VI Me... | Where was Queen Elizabeth crowned? | Where was Queen Elizabeth crowned? | [
"Where was Queen Elizabeth crowned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64554 | 5733afe1d058e614000b6052 | Portugal | Following the Távora affair, the new Count of Oeiras knew no opposition. Made "Marquis of Pombal" in 1770, he effectively ruled Portugal until Joseph I's death in 1779. However, historians also argue that Pombal’s "enlightenment," while far-reaching, was primarily a mechanism for enhancing autocracy at the expense of i... | What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty? | What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty? | [
"What did Pombal's enlightenment promote at the expense of individual liberty?"
] | {
"text": [
"autocracy"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83100 | 56dec6913277331400b4d725 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger admitted that he has "behaved badly sometimes" and apologized, but also stated that "a lot of [what] you see in the stories is not true". This came after an interview in adult magazine Oui from 1977 surfaced, in which Schwarzenegger discussed attending sexual orgies and using substances such as marijuana... | What magazine published an interview quoting Schwarzenegger calling marijuana a "leaf"? | What magazine published an interview quoting Schwarzenegger calling marijuana a "leaf"? | [
"What magazine published an interview quoting Schwarzenegger calling marijuana a \"leaf\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"GQ"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34747 | 5a1dea453de3f40018b26426 | Political_philosophy | The early Christian philosophy of Augustine of Hippo was heavily influenced by Plato. A key change brought about by Christian thought was the moderatation of the Stoicism and theory of justice of the Roman world, as well emphasis on the role of the state in applying mercy as a moral example. Augustine also preached tha... | Who taught that one was a member of their city? | Who taught that one was a member of their city? | [
"Who taught that one was a member of their city?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83937 | 5a7e146a70df9f001a875488 | Translation | Generally, the greater the contact and exchange that have existed between two languages, or between those languages and a third one, the greater is the ratio of metaphrase to paraphrase that may be used in translating among them. However, due to shifts in ecological niches of words, a common etymology is sometimes misl... | What does the German "actuel" mean in English? | What does the German "actuel" mean in English? | [
"What does the German \"actuel\" mean in English?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3062 | 573043eeb2c2fd1400568b39 | British_Isles | The idea of building a tunnel under the Irish Sea has been raised since 1895, when it was first investigated. Several potential Irish Sea tunnel projects have been proposed, most recently the Tusker Tunnel between the ports of Rosslare and Fishguard proposed by The Institute of Engineers of Ireland in 2004. A rail tunn... | The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year? | The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year? | [
"The Irish Sea tunnel was first purposed in what year?"
] | {
"text": [
"1895"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13142 | 56dd1cf99a695914005b94da | Republic_of_the_Congo | The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Br... | How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire? | How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire? | [
"How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?"
] | {
"text": [
"534-kilometre (332 mi)"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80906 | 57262ed2271a42140099d71b | Queen_Victoria | In 1839, Melbourne resigned after Radicals and Tories (both of whom Victoria detested) voted against a bill to suspend the constitution of Jamaica. The bill removed political power from plantation owners who were resisting measures associated with the abolition of slavery. The Queen commissioned a Tory, Sir Robert Peel... | Who returned to office after Peel resigned? | Who returned to office after Peel resigned? | [
"Who returned to office after Peel resigned?"
] | {
"text": [
"Melbourne"
],
"answer_start": [
846
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40652 | 56e76bdd00c9c71400d77107 | Paper | With increasing environmental concerns about synthetic coatings (such as PFOA) and the higher prices of hydrocarbon based petrochemicals, there is a focus on zein (corn protein) as a coating for paper in high grease applications such as popcorn bags. | PFOA is what type of coating? | PFOA is what type of coating? | [
"PFOA is what type of coating?"
] | {
"text": [
"synthetic"
],
"answer_start": [
45
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35059 | 5a8cdae5fd22b3001a8d8f50 | Memory | In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revea... | What type of memory is secondarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory | What type of memory is secondarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory | [
"What type of memory is secondarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48642 | 5728499a2ca10214002da252 | War_on_Terror | In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the ... | Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured? | Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured? | [
"Which third-highest-ranking al-Qaeda officer was captured?"
] | {
"text": [
"Khalid Sheikh Mohammed"
],
"answer_start": [
822
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104332 | 5728abdeff5b5019007da424 | Mandolin | In the early 20th century several mandolin orchestras (Estudiantinas) were active in Belgium. Today only a few groups remain: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen). Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belg... | What is an Etsudiantinas? | What is an Etsudiantinas? | [
"What is an Etsudiantinas? "
] | {
"text": [
"mandolin orchestras"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101918 | 572912746aef051400154a28 | States_of_Germany | Federalism is one of the entrenched constitutional principles of Germany. According to the German constitution (called Grundgesetz or in English Basic Law), some topics, such as foreign affairs and defense, are the exclusive responsibility of the federation (i.e., the federal level), while others fall under the shared ... | What is an example of what states retain authority over? | What is an example of what states retain authority over? | [
"What is an example of what states retain authority over?"
] | {
"text": [
"culture"
],
"answer_start": [
445
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23420 | 5731cb92e99e3014001e6290 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | The court noted that it "is a matter of history that this very practice of establishing governmentally composed prayers for religious services was one of the reasons which caused many of our early colonists to leave England and seek religious freedom in America." The lone dissenter, Justice Potter Stewart, objected to ... | Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what? | Stewart pointed out that the phrase "Wall of separation" was nowhere to be found in what? | [
"Stewart pointed out that the phrase \"Wall of separation\" was nowhere to be found in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Constitution"
],
"answer_start": [
596
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2472 | 56d2207ee7d4791d0090268d | Buddhism | Śīla is the foundation of Samādhi/Bhāvana (Meditative cultivation) or mind cultivation. Keeping the precepts promotes not only the peace of mind of the cultivator, which is internal, but also peace in the community, which is external. According to the Law of Karma, keeping the precepts is meritorious and it acts as cau... | What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance? | What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance? | [
"What keeps the cultivator from rebirth in the four realms of existance?"
] | {
"text": [
"keeping the precepts"
],
"answer_start": [
266
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71384 | 5727d4703acd2414000ded87 | Oklahoma | The English language has been official in the state of Oklahoma since 2010. The variety of North American English spoken is called Oklahoma English, and this dialect is quite diverse with its uneven blending of features of North Midland, South Midland, and Southern dialects. In 2000, 2,977,187 Oklahomans—92.6% of the r... | What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000? | What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000? | [
"What percent of Oklahomans speak only English at home, as of 2000?"
] | {
"text": [
"92.6%"
],
"answer_start": [
306
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50849 | 572eb4c8cb0c0d14000f149c | Seven_Years%27_War | The British Prime Minister, the Duke of Newcastle, was optimistic that the new series of alliances could prevent war from breaking out in Europe. However, a large French force was assembled at Toulon, and the French opened the campaign against the British by an attack on Minorca in the Mediterranean. A British attempt ... | What was the result for Admiral Byng? | What was the result for Admiral Byng? | [
"What was the result for Admiral Byng?"
] | {
"text": [
"Admiral Byng was court-martialed and executed"
],
"answer_start": [
417
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109902 | 571001dab654c5140001f738 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | After a death sentence is affirmed in state collateral review, the prisoner may file for federal habeas corpus, which is a unique type of lawsuit that can be brought in federal courts. Federal habeas corpus is a species of collateral review, and it is the only way that state prisoners may attack a death sentence in fed... | If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be? | If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be? | [
"If prisoners use federal habeas corpus to present evidence that they're innocent, what must the evidence be?"
] | {
"text": [
"truly compelling"
],
"answer_start": [
1059
]
} |
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