gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-71995 | 572711cff1498d1400e8f30d | Capacitor | Several solid dielectrics are available, including paper, plastic, glass, mica and ceramic materials. Paper was used extensively in older devices and offers relatively high voltage performance. However, it is susceptible to water absorption, and has been largely replaced by plastic film capacitors. Plastics offer bette... | What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes? | What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes? | [
"What is one type of reliable capacitor that is resistant to temperature and voltage changes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Glass"
],
"answer_start": [
821
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28817 | 571aaa3310f8ca14003052b1 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Ehrlich’s approach of systematically varying the chemical structure of synthetic compounds and measuring the effects of these changes on biological activity was pursued broadly by industrial scientists, including Bayer scientists Josef Klarer, Fritz Mietzsch, and Gerhard Domagk. This work, also based in the testing of ... | Prontosil is in what drug class? | Prontosil is in what drug class? | [
"Prontosil is in what drug class?"
] | {
"text": [
"antibiotics"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90392 | 5acff43f77cf76001a686605 | Tibet | In 1980, General Secretary and reformist Hu Yaobang visited Tibet and ushered in a period of social, political, and economic liberalization. At the end of the decade, however, analogously to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, monks in the Drepung and Sera monasteries started protesting for independence, and so the ... | What protests are the 1980 independence protests compared to? | What protests are the 1980 independence protests compared to? | [
"What protests are the 1980 independence protests compared to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66500 | 57289c54ff5b5019007da33d | Brigham_Young_University | The university operates under 11 colleges or schools, which collectively offer 194 bachelor's degree programs, 68 master's degree programs, 25 PhD programs, and a Juris Doctor program. BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college depa... | What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU? | What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU? | [
"What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU?"
] | {
"text": [
"Juris"
],
"answer_start": [
163
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44208 | 5a2eefa5a83784001a7d2599 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Both low-cost and luxury housing were built by the government in the Brasília. The residential zones of the inner city are arranged into superquadras ("superblocks"): groups of apartment buildings along with a prescribed number and type of schools, retail stores, and open spaces. At the northern end of Lake Paranoá, se... | What type of private clubs were built by the Brasilian government? | What type of private clubs were built by the Brasilian government? | [
"What type of private clubs were built by the Brasilian government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28854 | 5ad36fee604f3c001a3fe236 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | Who manufactured "Cosmetic Elixir"? | Who manufactured "Cosmetic Elixir"? | [
"Who manufactured \"Cosmetic Elixir\"?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36639 | 5a276497d1a287001a6d0a56 | Immaculate_Conception | The popularity of this particular representation of The Immaculate Conception spread across the rest of Europe, and has since remained the best known artistic depiction of the concept: in a heavenly realm, moments after her creation, the spirit of Mary (in the form of a young woman) looks up in awe at (or bows her head... | What is under the feet of the Cherubs? | What is under the feet of the Cherubs? | [
"What is under the feet of the Cherubs?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110962 | 5a81bf4631013a001a334e38 | Group_(mathematics) | To understand groups beyond the level of mere symbolic manipulations as above, more structural concepts have to be employed.c[›] There is a conceptual principle underlying all of the following notions: to take advantage of the structure offered by groups (which sets, being "structureless", do not have), constructions r... | Both groups and sets have what? | Both groups and sets have what? | [
"Both groups and sets have what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1739 | 5ad1763d645df0001a2d1d05 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | Memories and lessons from the war are still a major factor in American politics. One side views the war as a necessary part of the Containment policy, which allowed the enemy to choose the time and place of warfare. Others note the U.S. made major strategic gains as the Communists were defeated in Indonesia, and by 197... | When did the draft begin? | When did the draft begin? | [
" When did the draft begin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50567 | 5acee61232bba1001ae4b8f7 | Neptune | Voyager 2 is the only spacecraft that has visited Neptune. The spacecraft's closest approach to the planet occurred on 25 August 1989. Because this was the last major planet the spacecraft could visit, it was decided to make a close flyby of the moon Triton, regardless of the consequences to the trajectory, similarly t... | What near Neptune did a spacecraft land on? | What near Neptune did a spacecraft land on? | [
" What near Neptune did a spacecraft land on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92289 | 5728cf512ca10214002da862 | Asthma | The evidence for the effectiveness of measures to prevent the development of asthma is weak. Some show promise including: limiting smoke exposure both in utero and after delivery, breastfeeding, and increased exposure to daycare or large families but none are well supported enough to be recommended for this indication.... | What has been determined about dietry restrictions during pregnancy and when breast feeding? | What has been determined about dietry restrictions during pregnancy and when breast feeding? | [
"What has been determined about dietry restrictions during pregnancy and when breast feeding?"
] | {
"text": [
"have not been found to be effective and thus are not recommended"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3238 | 56dc63f014d3a41400c2684d | Genome | Retrotransposons can be transcribed into RNA, which are then duplicated at another site into the genome. Retrotransposons can be divided into Long terminal repeats (LTRs) and Non-Long Terminal Repeats (Non-LTR). | What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons? | What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons? | [
"What kind of genetic material can be produced from retrotransposons?"
] | {
"text": [
"RNA"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65098 | 572970e9af94a219006aa41e | Renewable_energy_commercialization | The driving force behind voluntary green electricity within the EU are the liberalized electricity markets and the RES Directive. According to the directive the EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed and therefore a "guarantee of origin" must be issued (ar... | What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed? | What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed? | [
"What states that EU Member States must ensure that the origin of electricity produced from renewables can be guaranteed?"
] | {
"text": [
"RES Directive"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99892 | 56fb94f4b28b3419009f1e5e | Middle_Ages | The Late Middle Ages in Europe as a whole correspond to the Trecento and Early Renaissance cultural periods in Italy. Northern Europe and Spain continued to use Gothic styles, which became increasingly elaborate in the 15th century, until almost the end of the period. International Gothic was a courtly style that reach... | Along with the Trecento, what period occurred in Italy during the Late Middle Ages? | Along with the Trecento, what period occurred in Italy during the Late Middle Ages? | [
"Along with the Trecento, what period occurred in Italy during the Late Middle Ages?"
] | {
"text": [
"Early Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111131 | 57283e51ff5b5019007d9fd9 | Group_(mathematics) | Lie groups are of fundamental importance in modern physics: Noether's theorem links continuous symmetries to conserved quantities. Rotation, as well as translations in space and time are basic symmetries of the laws of mechanics. They can, for instance, be used to construct simple models—imposing, say, axial symmetry o... | What connects continuous symmetries to conserved quantities? | What connects continuous symmetries to conserved quantities? | [
"What connects continuous symmetries to conserved quantities?"
] | {
"text": [
"Noether's theorem"
],
"answer_start": [
60
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82828 | 56e07007231d4119001ac12b | Saint_Helena | St Helena has long been known for its high proportion of endemic birds and vascular plants. The highland areas contain most of the 400 endemic species recognised to date. Much of the island has been identified by BirdLife International as being important for bird conservation, especially the endemic Saint Helena plover... | Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what? | Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what? | [
" Saint Helena is on the United Kingdom's list for future what?"
] | {
"text": [
"UNESCO World Heritage Sites"
],
"answer_start": [
589
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70929 | 573218720fdd8d15006c6795 | Bird | Domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs, called poultry, are the largest source of animal protein eaten by humans; in 2003, 76 million tons of poultry and 61 million tons of eggs were produced worldwide. Chickens account for much of human poultry consumption, though domesticated turkeys, ducks, and geese are also r... | What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs? | What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs? | [
"What are domesticated birds raised for meat and eggs?"
] | {
"text": [
"poultry"
],
"answer_start": [
52
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94623 | 5726c667f1498d1400e8eaf2 | Queen_(band) | At the end of 2004, May and Taylor announced that they would reunite and return to touring in 2005 with Paul Rodgers (founder and former lead singer of Free and Bad Company). Brian May's website also stated that Rodgers would be "featured with" Queen as "Queen + Paul Rodgers", not replacing Mercury. The retired John De... | Which retired Queen member did not join the reunion? | Which retired Queen member did not join the reunion? | [
"Which retired Queen member did not join the reunion?"
] | {
"text": [
"John Deacon"
],
"answer_start": [
313
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94173 | 5a7e522270df9f001a875712 | Cork_(city) | The Cork accent, part of the Southwest dialect of Hiberno-English, displays various features which set it apart from other accents in Ireland. Patterns of tone and intonation often rise and fall, with the overall tone tending to be more high-pitched than other Irish accents. English spoken in Cork has a number of diale... | Where did languages from overseas get some of their words from? | Where did languages from overseas get some of their words from? | [
"Where did languages from overseas get some of their words from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78938 | 5a8d914edf8bba001a0f9b0f | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | There is very little voice acting in the game, as is the case in most Zelda titles to date. Link remains silent in conversation, but grunts when attacking or injured and gasps when surprised. His emotions and responses are largely indicated visually by nods and facial expressions. Other characters have similar language... | What does Zelda say when attacking? | What does Zelda say when attacking? | [
"What does Zelda say when attacking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43979 | 56d123f217492d1400aaba4f | Kanye_West | Myers spoke next and continued to read the script. Once it was West's turn to speak again, he said, "George Bush doesn't care about black people." At this point, telethon producer Rick Kaplan cut off the microphone and then cut away to Chris Tucker, who was unaware of the cut for a few seconds. Still, West's comment re... | Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people? | Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people? | [
"Who did Kanye West say doesn't care about black people?"
] | {
"text": [
"George Bush"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104467 | 5ad23238d7d075001a42875a | Mandolin | The instrument was primarily used in an ensemble setting well into the 1930s, and although the fad died out at the beginning of the 1930s, the instruments that were developed for the orchestra found a new home in bluegrass. The famous Lloyd Loar Master Model from Gibson (1923) was designed to boost the flagging interes... | What mandolin wasn't designed to boost interest in the mandolin? | What mandolin wasn't designed to boost interest in the mandolin? | [
" What mandolin wasn't designed to boost interest in the mandolin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73393 | 56db2664e7c41114004b4e18 | American_Idol | Crystal Bowersox, who has Type-I diabetes, fell ill due to diabetic ketoacidosis on the morning of the girls performance night for the top 20 week and was hospitalized. The schedule was rearranged so the boys performed first and she could perform the following night instead; she later revealed that Ken Warwick, the sho... | When was Crystal hospitalized? | When was Crystal hospitalized? | [
"When was Crystal hospitalized?"
] | {
"text": [
"top 20 week"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46469 | 5ad0a85e645df0001a2cffc6 | Department_store | In New York City in 1846, Alexander Turney Stewart established the "Marble Palace" on Broadway, between Chambers and Reade streets. He offered European retail merchandise at fixed prices on a variety of dry goods, and advertised a policy of providing "free entrance" to all potential customers. Though it was clad in whi... | Where was the "Marble Palace" built in 1864? | Where was the "Marble Palace" built in 1864? | [
"Where was the \"Marble Palace\" built in 1864?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2850 | 5acd8cac07355d001abf46da | British_Isles | The islands enjoy a mild climate and varied soils, giving rise to a diverse pattern of vegetation. Animal and plant life is similar to that of the northwestern European continent. There are however, fewer numbers of species, with Ireland having even less. All native flora and fauna in Ireland is made up of species that... | The land bridge connecting two European continents was flooded by see about how many years ago? | The land bridge connecting two European continents was flooded by see about how many years ago? | [
"The land bridge connecting two European continents was flooded by see about how many years ago?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113740 | 56f95b969b226e1400dd1398 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | Winston Churchill, on forming his government in 1940, created the office of Minister of Defence to exercise ministerial control over the Chiefs of Staff Committee and to co-ordinate defence matters. The post was held by the Prime Minister of the day until Clement Attlee's government introduced the Ministry of Defence A... | Who created the office of Minister of Defence? | Who created the office of Minister of Defence? | [
"Who created the office of Minister of Defence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Winston Churchill"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28736 | 5ad35451604f3c001a3fdd77 | Pharmaceutical_industry | By the 1890s the profound effect of adrenal extracts on many different tissue types had been discovered, setting off a search both for the mechanism of chemical signalling and efforts to exploit these observations for the development of new drugs. The blood pressure raising and vasoconstrictive effects of adrenal extra... | What trade name was Primatene marketed under? | What trade name was Primatene marketed under? | [
"What trade name was Primatene marketed under?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27011 | 57097eaced30961900e8421c | Orthodox_Judaism | Orthodox Judaism is the approach to religious Judaism which subscribes to a tradition of mass revelation and adheres to the interpretation and application of the laws and ethics of the Torah as legislated in the Talmudic texts by the Tanaim and Amoraim. These texts were subsequently developed and applied by later autho... | Orthodox Judaism is a self-identification that distinguishes it from what? | Orthodox Judaism is a self-identification that distinguishes it from what? | [
"Orthodox Judaism is a self-identification that distinguishes it from what?"
] | {
"text": [
"pre-modern Judaism"
],
"answer_start": [
777
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53593 | 5ad26431d7d075001a429147 | Dialect | A framework was developed in 1967 by Heinz Kloss, abstand and ausbau languages, to describe speech communities, that while unified politically and/or culturally, include multiple dialects which though closely related genetically may be divergent to the point of inter-dialect unintelligibility. | Who developed a framework for describing dialects genetically? | Who developed a framework for describing dialects genetically? | [
"Who developed a framework for describing dialects genetically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88941 | 5acd3c4f07355d001abf39c2 | Hunter-gatherer | A hunter-gatherer is a human living in a society in which most or all food is obtained by foraging (collecting wild plants and pursuing wild animals), in contrast to agricultural societies, which rely mainly on domesticated species. | A hunter-gatherer is an animal who obtains food by what? | A hunter-gatherer is an animal who obtains food by what? | [
"A hunter-gatherer is an animal who obtains food by what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25155 | 56d00638234ae51400d9c292 | New_York_City | The city's National Basketball Association teams are the Brooklyn Nets and the New York Knicks, while the New York Liberty is the city's Women's National Basketball Association. The first national college-level basketball championship, the National Invitation Tournament, was held in New York in 1938 and remains in the ... | New York City's women's basketball team is called what? | New York City's women's basketball team is called what? | [
"New York City's women's basketball team is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"New York Liberty"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75182 | 5ad120fc645df0001a2d0e89 | Labour_Party_(UK) | In 1899, a Doncaster member of the Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants, Thomas R. Steels, proposed in his union branch that the Trade Union Congress call a special conference to bring together all left-wing organisations and form them into a single body that would sponsor Parliamentary candidates. The motion was pa... | What group did not pass the motion? | What group did not pass the motion? | [
"What group did not pass the motion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106959 | 57344a29879d6814001ca4a4 | Hunting | Hindu scriptures describe hunting as an acceptable occupation, as well as a sport of the kingly. Even figures considered godly are described to have engaged in hunting. One of the names of the god Shiva is Mrigavyadha, which translates as "the deer hunter" (mriga means deer; vyadha means hunter). The word Mriga, in man... | What does Shiva destroy in human beings? | What does Shiva destroy in human beings? | [
"What does Shiva destroy in human beings?"
] | {
"text": [
"animal instincts"
],
"answer_start": [
496
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113674 | 572f51a8a23a5019007fc52d | Central_Intelligence_Agency | There were numerous previous attempts to obtain general information about the budget. As a result, it was revealed that CIA's annual budget in Fiscal Year 1963 was US $550 million (inflation-adjusted US$ 4.3 billion in 2016), and the overall intelligence budget in FY 1997 was US $26.6 billion (inflation-adjusted US$ 39... | What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994? | What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994? | [
"What group accidentally published the non CIA budget in 1994?"
] | {
"text": [
"Congress"
],
"answer_start": [
578
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30897 | 5726a2b75951b619008f7879 | Mexico_City | Street parking in urban neighborhoods is mostly controlled by the franeleros a.k.a. "viene vienes" (lit. "come on, come on"), who ask drivers for a fee to park, in theory to guard the car, but with the implicit threat that the franelero will damage the car if the fee is not paid. Double parking is common (with franeler... | How many parking meters were installed as of October 2013? | How many parking meters were installed as of October 2013? | [
"How many parking meters were installed as of October 2013?"
] | {
"text": [
"721"
],
"answer_start": [
473
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15307 | 572fc58204bcaa1900d76cdf | Hyderabad | The most commonly used forms of medium distance transport in Hyderabad include government owned services such as light railways and buses, as well as privately operated taxis and auto rickshaws. Bus services operate from the Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station in the city centre and carry over 130 million passengers daily acros... | What type of transport that is not government owned is commonly used in Hyderabad? | What type of transport that is not government owned is commonly used in Hyderabad? | [
"What type of transport that is not government owned is commonly used in Hyderabad?"
] | {
"text": [
"taxis and auto rickshaws"
],
"answer_start": [
169
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89464 | 572f58c5b2c2fd1400568056 | The_Blitz | Wever argued that the Luftwaffe General Staff should not be solely educated in tactical and operational matters. He argued they should be educated in grand strategy, war economics, armament production, and the mentality of potential opponents (also known as mirror imaging). Wever's vision was not realised; the General ... | What army does the general staff belong to? | What army does the general staff belong to? | [
"What army does the general staff belong to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Luftwaffe"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33650 | 57264675dd62a815002e803c | Film_speed | Before the advent of the ASA system, the system of Weston film speed ratings was introduced by Edward Faraday Weston (1878–1971) and his father Dr. Edward Weston (1850–1936), a British-born electrical engineer, industrialist and founder of the US-based Weston Electrical Instrument Corporation, with the Weston model 617... | Who is credited with creating the film and meter system? | Who is credited with creating the film and meter system? | [
"Who is credited with creating the film and meter system?"
] | {
"text": [
"William Nelson Goodwin, Jr."
],
"answer_start": [
440
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24588 | 56cedc10aab44d1400b88b1b | New_York_City | In 1664, Peter Stuyvesant, the Director-General of the colony of New Netherland, surrendered New Amsterdam to the English without bloodshed. The English promptly renamed the fledgling city "New York" after the Duke of York (later King James II). | What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English? | What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English? | [
"What person gave up New Amsterdam to the English?"
] | {
"text": [
"Peter Stuyvesant"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17750 | 56cedc9caab44d1400b88b2c | Spectre_(2015_film) | Whilst filming in Mexico City, speculation in the media claimed that the script had been altered to accommodate the demands of Mexican authorities—reportedly influencing details of the scene and characters, casting choices, and modifying the script in order to portray the country in a "positive light"—in order to secur... | Which Bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate Mexican authorities? | Which Bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate Mexican authorities? | [
"Which Bond producer would not confirm that the film had been changed to accommodate Mexican authorities?"
] | {
"text": [
"Michael G. Wilson"
],
"answer_start": [
426
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32402 | 570de9330b85d914000d7bb8 | Antarctica | Antarctica (US English i/æntˈɑːrktɪkə/, UK English /ænˈtɑːktɪkə/ or /ænˈtɑːtɪkə/ or /ænˈɑːtɪkə/)[Note 1] is Earth's southernmost continent, containing the geographic South Pole. It is situated in the Antarctic region of the Southern Hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Sou... | Which pole is located in Antarctica? | Which pole is located in Antarctica? | [
"Which pole is located in Antarctica?"
] | {
"text": [
"South Pole"
],
"answer_start": [
166
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51420 | 572b42f9be1ee31400cb82d5 | Empiricism | In the late 19th and early 20th century several forms of pragmatic philosophy arose. The ideas of pragmatism, in its various forms, developed mainly from discussions between Charles Sanders Peirce and William James when both men were at Harvard in the 1870s. James popularized the term "pragmatism", giving Peirce full c... | What did Peirce later call his ideas instead of pragmatism? | What did Peirce later call his ideas instead of pragmatism? | [
"What did Peirce later call his ideas instead of pragmatism?"
] | {
"text": [
"pragmaticism"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91494 | 5726f4315951b619008f8353 | Avicenna | Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the... | The body and soul's interaction takes place where? | The body and soul's interaction takes place where? | [
"The body and soul's interaction takes place where?"
] | {
"text": [
"the physical body"
],
"answer_start": [
1221
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15563 | 57070e8590286e26004fc863 | Black_people | Approximately 12 million Africans were shipped to the Americas during the Atlantic slave trade from 1492 to 1888, with 11.5 million of those shipped to South America and the Caribbean. Brazil was the largest importer in the Americas, with 5.5 million African slaves imported, followed by the British Caribbean with 2.76 ... | How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888? | How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888? | [
"How many Africans were shipped to the US between 1492 to 1888?"
] | {
"text": [
"12 million"
],
"answer_start": [
14
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67899 | 57300f27b2c2fd14005687bb | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The community was established by several shiploads of settlers from Bermuda (which lies due east of South Carolina, although at 1,030 km or 640 mi, it is closest to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina), under the leadership of governor William Sayle, on the west bank of the Ashley River, a few miles northwest of the present-... | Where did Charleston's original settlers come from? | Where did Charleston's original settlers come from? | [
"Where did Charleston's original settlers come from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bermuda"
],
"answer_start": [
68
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96142 | 5728c3cf2ca10214002da73d | Paris | On 14 June 1940, the German army marched into Paris, which had been declared an "open city". On 16–17 July 1942, following German orders, the French police and gendarmes arrested 12,884 Jews, including 4,115 children, and confined them during five days at the Vel d'Hiv (Vélodrome d'Hiver), from which they were transpor... | How many children came back from Auschwitz? | How many children came back from Auschwitz? | [
"How many children came back from Auschwitz?"
] | {
"text": [
"None"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92163 | 57280f752ca10214002d9ce2 | Asthma | The hygiene hypothesis attempts to explain the increased rates of asthma worldwide as a direct and unintended result of reduced exposure, during childhood, to non-pathogenic bacteria and viruses. It has been proposed that the reduced exposure to bacteria and viruses is due, in part, to increased cleanliness and decreas... | What hypothesis tries to explain the increased amount of asthma world wide? | What hypothesis tries to explain the increased amount of asthma world wide? | [
"What hypothesis tries to explain the increased amount of asthma world wide?"
] | {
"text": [
"The hygiene hypothesis"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94239 | 5727c0314b864d1900163c78 | Cork_(city) | Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland... | What is Atkin's Hall? | What is Atkin's Hall? | [
"What is Atkin's Hall?"
] | {
"text": [
"a residential housing complex"
],
"answer_start": [
441
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75512 | 5726a47e5951b619008f78c9 | Cubism | In addition to Seurat, the roots of cubism are to be found in the two distinct tendencies of Cézanne's later work: first his breaking of the painted surface into small multifaceted areas of paint, thereby emphasizing the plural viewpoint given by binocular vision, and second his interest in the simplification of natura... | Cubism revolutionized the way things could be seen in art how? | Cubism revolutionized the way things could be seen in art how? | [
"Cubism revolutionized the way things could be seen in art how? "
] | {
"text": [
"all the surfaces of depicted objects in a single picture plane, as if the objects had all their faces visible at the same time."
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40218 | 5727dee74b864d1900163eef | New_Haven,_Connecticut | The city also has several major surface arteries. U.S. Route 1 (Columbus Avenue, Union Avenue, Water Street, Forbes Avenue) runs in an east-west direction south of downtown serving Union Station and leading out of the city to Milford, West Haven, East Haven and Branford. The main road from downtown heading northwest is... | What road leading northwest from downtown New Haven comprises both Route 10 and Route 63 at various points? | What road leading northwest from downtown New Haven comprises both Route 10 and Route 63 at various points? | [
"What road leading northwest from downtown New Haven comprises both Route 10 and Route 63 at various points?"
] | {
"text": [
"Whalley Avenue"
],
"answer_start": [
321
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55776 | 57260df5ec44d21400f3d864 | Clothing | Humans have shown extreme inventiveness in devising clothing solutions to environmental hazards. Examples include: space suits, air conditioned clothing, armor, diving suits, swimsuits, bee-keeper gear, motorcycle leathers, high-visibility clothing, and other pieces of protective clothing. Meanwhile, the distinction be... | What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have? | What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have? | [
"What value may clothing designed to be fashionable also have?"
] | {
"text": [
"protective"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63125 | 5a7a1c7c17ab25001a8a033f | Czech_language | The Czech dialects spoken in Moravia and Silesia are known as Moravian (moravština). In the Austro-Hungarian Empire, "Bohemian-Moravian-Slovak" was a language citizens could register as speaking (with German, Polish and several others). Of the Czech dialects, only Moravian is distinguished in nationwide surveys by the ... | How many people spoke German and Hungarian as first languages in 2011? | How many people spoke German and Hungarian as first languages in 2011? | [
"How many people spoke German and Hungarian as first languages in 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69332 | 570a811e4103511400d597a4 | Houston | Several private institutions of higher learning—ranging from liberal arts colleges, such as The University of St. Thomas, Houston's only Catholic university, to Rice University, the nationally recognized research university—are located within the city. Rice, with a total enrollment of slightly more than 6,000 students,... | What area in Houston is the home of the Houston Baptist University? | What area in Houston is the home of the Houston Baptist University? | [
"What area in Houston is the home of the Houston Baptist University?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sharpstown"
],
"answer_start": [
620
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62841 | 572f8a4904bcaa1900d76a6b | Pain | Spinal cord fibers dedicated to carrying A-delta fiber pain signals, and others that carry both A-delta and C fiber pain signals up the spinal cord to the thalamus in the brain have been identified. Other spinal cord fibers, known as wide dynamic range neurons, respond to A-delta and C fibers, but also to the large A-b... | What are dynamic range neurons? | What are dynamic range neurons? | [
"What are dynamic range neurons?"
] | {
"text": [
"spinal cord fibers"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103161 | 5ad293c4d7d075001a429aea | Multiracial_American | After a lengthy period of formal racial segregation in the former Confederacy following the Reconstruction Era, and bans on interracial marriage in various parts of the country, more people are openly forming interracial unions. In addition, social conditions have changed and many multiracial people do not believe it i... | Who was the last multiracial President of the United States? | Who was the last multiracial President of the United States? | [
"Who was the last multiracial President of the United States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17056 | 5725d2cc271a42140099d251 | Israel | Israel is home to many Palestinian musicians, including internationally acclaimed oud and violin virtuoso Taiseer Elias, singer Amal Murkus, and brothers Samir and Wissam Joubran. Israeli Arab musicians have achieved fame beyond Israel's borders: Elias and Murkus frequently play to audiences in Europe and America, and ... | Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music? | Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music? | [
"Who is the head of the advanced degree program in Arabic music?"
] | {
"text": [
"Taiseer Elias"
],
"answer_start": [
524
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2369 | 56d0bc53234ae51400d9c42d | Buddhism | The doctrine of pratītyasamutpāda, (Sanskrit; Pali: paticcasamuppāda; Tibetan Wylie: rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba; Chinese: 緣起) is an important part of Buddhist metaphysics. It states that phenomena arise together in a mutually interdependent web of cause and effect. It is variously rendered into English as "dependent... | Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean? | Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean? | [
"Translated into English, what does pratītyasamutpāda mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"dependent origination\", \"conditioned genesis\", \"dependent relationship\", \"dependent co-arising\", \"interdependent arising\", or \"contingency\""
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107776 | 5acfa43477cf76001a6856c4 | Umayyad_Caliphate | Yazid died while the siege was still in progress, and the Umayyad army returned to Damascus, leaving Ibn al-Zubayr in control of Mecca. Yazid's son Muawiya II (683–84) initially succeeded him but seems to have never been recognized as caliph outside of Syria. Two factions developed within Syria: the Confederation of Qa... | What city did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle near? | What city did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle near? | [
"What city did the partisans of Marwan lose a battle near?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49414 | 5a873f7f1d3cee001a6a113b | Tuberculosis | The BCG vaccine has limitations, and research to develop new TB vaccines is ongoing. A number of potential candidates are currently in phase I and II clinical trials. Two main approaches are being used to attempt to improve the efficacy of available vaccines. One approach involves adding a subunit vaccine to BCG, while... | What is added to a subunit vaccine? | What is added to a subunit vaccine? | [
"What is added to a subunit vaccine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43370 | 57260ea838643c19005acf8c | Korean_War | Korea was considered to be part of the Empire of Japan as an industrialized colony along with Taiwan, and both were part of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. In 1937, the colonial Governor-General, General Jirō Minami, commanded the attempted cultural assimilation of Korea's 23.5 million people by banning the... | What policy forced Koreans to change their names to Japanese names? | What policy forced Koreans to change their names to Japanese names? | [
"What policy forced Koreans to change their names to Japanese names?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sōshi-kaimei policy"
],
"answer_start": [
540
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3362 | 572648da5951b619008f6efa | Southeast_Asia | The Jawa Dwipa Hindu kingdom in Java and Sumatra existed around 200 BCE. The history of the Malay-speaking world began with the advent of Indian influence, which dates back to at least the 3rd century BCE. Indian traders came to the archipelago both for its abundant forest and maritime products and to trade with mercha... | Which traders came to the archipelago for trade? | Which traders came to the archipelago for trade? | [
"Which traders came to the archipelago for trade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Indian traders"
],
"answer_start": [
206
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71116 | 5acf5e5777cf76001a684c80 | University_of_Kansas | The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media when they graduate. The school offers two tracts of study: News and Information and Strategic Communication. This professional school teaches its students reporting for pr... | Who sponsors a contest for creative writing? | Who sponsors a contest for creative writing? | [
"Who sponsors a contest for creative writing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90892 | 57329efbcc179a14009dab7c | Pacific_War | Australia had been shocked by the speedy collapse of British Malaya and Fall of Singapore in which around 15,000 Australian soldiers became prisoners of war. Curtin predicted that the "battle for Australia" would now follow. The Japanese established a major base in the Australian Territory of New Guinea in early 1942. ... | About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya? | About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya? | [
"About how many Australians were taken prisoner after the fall of Singapore and British Malaya?"
] | {
"text": [
"15,000"
],
"answer_start": [
106
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49626 | 570d67b0fed7b91900d46004 | Valencia | Valencia stands on the banks of the Turia River, located on the eastern coast of the Iberian Peninsula and the western part of the Mediterranean Sea, fronting the Gulf of Valencia. At its founding by the Romans, it stood on a river island in the Turia, 6.4 km (4 mi) from the sea. The Albufera, a freshwater lagoon and e... | Who founded Valencia? | Who founded Valencia? | [
"Who founded Valencia?"
] | {
"text": [
"Romans"
],
"answer_start": [
204
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48505 | 572844774b864d190016486e | War_on_Terror | Subsequently, in October 2001, U.S. forces (with UK and coalition allies) invaded Afghanistan to oust the Taliban regime. On 7 October 2001, the official invasion began with British and U.S. forces conducting airstrike campaigns over enemy targets. Kabul, the capital city of Afghanistan, fell by mid-November. The remai... | Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001? | Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001? | [
"Where did bin Laden escape to in Dec 2001?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pakistan"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76173 | 5a57b523770dc0001aeefceb | Utrecht | When the Frankish rulers established the system of feudalism, the Bishops of Utrecht came to exercise worldly power as prince-bishops. The territory of the bishopric not only included the modern province of Utrecht (Nedersticht, 'lower Sticht'), but also extended to the northeast. The feudal conflict of the Middle Ages... | Who were the allies of the prince-bishopric? | Who were the allies of the prince-bishopric? | [
"Who were the allies of the prince-bishopric?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32679 | 570e16ea0b85d914000d7cbc | Antarctica | Antarctica is colder than the Arctic for three reasons. First, much of the continent is more than 3,000 m (9,800 ft) above sea level, and temperature decreases with elevation in the troposphere. Second, the Arctic Ocean covers the north polar zone: the ocean's relative warmth is transferred through the icepack and prev... | What contributes to the Antarctic cold? | What contributes to the Antarctic cold? | [
"What contributes to the Antarctic cold?"
] | {
"text": [
"orbital distance"
],
"answer_start": [
649
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28889 | 571ab82810f8ca140030531a | Pharmaceutical_industry | On 2 July 2012, GlaxoSmithKline pleaded guilty to criminal charges and agreed to a $3 billion settlement of the largest health-care fraud case in the U.S. and the largest payment by a drug company. The settlement is related to the company's illegal promotion of prescription drugs, its failure to report safety data, bri... | What was one of the causes of the health-care fraud case? | What was one of the causes of the health-care fraud case? | [
"What was one of the causes of the health-care fraud case?"
] | {
"text": [
"illegal promotion of prescription drugs"
],
"answer_start": [
241
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96281 | 5728e5f64b864d1900165050 | Paris | Paris' manufacturing is mostly focused in its suburbs, and the city itself has only around 75,000 manufacturing workers, most of which are in the textile, clothing, leather goods and shoe trades. Paris region manufacturing specialises in transportation, mainly automobiles, aircraft and trains, but this is in a sharp de... | How many manufacturing workers does Paris have? | How many manufacturing workers does Paris have? | [
"How many manufacturing workers does Paris have?"
] | {
"text": [
"75,000"
],
"answer_start": [
91
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93194 | 5730f4c0497a881900248aaf | Light-emitting_diode | The attainment of high efficiency in blue LEDs was quickly followed by the development of the first white LED. In this device a Y
3Al
5O
12:Ce (known as "YAG") phosphor coating on the emitter absorbs some of the blue emission and produces yellow light through fluorescence. The combination of that yellow with remaining ... | What does the YAG phosphor coating produce? | What does the YAG phosphor coating produce? | [
"What does the YAG phosphor coating produce?"
] | {
"text": [
"yellow light"
],
"answer_start": [
239
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24213 | 57294f071d0469140077927c | Bermuda | There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda, comprising both the United States Consulate and the US Customs and Border Protection Services at the L.F. Wade International Airport. The current US Consul General is Robert Settje, who took office in A... | Who is the current US Consul General? | Who is the current US Consul General? | [
"Who is the current US Consul General?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert Settje"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4005 | 56d4df312ccc5a1400d832ba | Beyoncé | In 2001, she became the first African-American woman and second woman songwriter to win the Pop Songwriter of the Year award at the American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers Pop Music Awards. Beyoncé was the third woman to have writing credits on three number one songs ("Irreplaceable", "Grillz" and "Check... | What number was Beyoncé on the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters list? | What number was Beyoncé on the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters list? | [
"What number was Beyoncé on the Top 20 Hot 100 Songwriters list?"
] | {
"text": [
"17"
],
"answer_start": [
631
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109940 | 5ad3f9bc604f3c001a3ffad8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The method of execution of federal prisoners for offenses under the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is that of the state in which the conviction took place. If the state has no death penalty, the judge must choose a state with the death penalty for carrying out the execution. For offenses under th... | According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were freed? | According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were freed? | [
"According to what law are federal prisoners executed according to the procedures in place in the state in which they were freed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56509 | 5a0f2f51decec900184754a1 | Geography_of_the_United_States | These areas contain some spectacular scenery as well, as evidenced by such national parks as Yosemite and Mount Rainier. West of the Cascades and Sierra Nevada is a series of valleys, such as the Central Valley in California and the Willamette Valley in Oregon. Along the coast is a series of low mountain ranges known a... | What is the name of the high mountain range along the coast? | What is the name of the high mountain range along the coast? | [
"What is the name of the high mountain range along the coast?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63587 | 5a7a48f817ab25001a8a046c | Buckingham_Palace | Investitures, which include the conferring of knighthoods by dubbing with a sword, and other awards take place in the palace's Ballroom, built in 1854. At 36.6 m (120 ft) long, 18 m (59 ft) wide and 13.5 m (44 ft) high, it is the largest room in the palace. It has replaced the throne room in importance and use. During ... | What does the Queen sit on during Investitures? | What does the Queen sit on during Investitures? | [
"What does the Queen sit on during Investitures?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50390 | 5acee16332bba1001ae4b846 | Neptune | High-altitude clouds on Neptune have been observed casting shadows on the opaque cloud deck below. There are also high-altitude cloud bands that wrap around the planet at constant latitude. These circumferential bands have widths of 50–150 km and lie about 50–110 km above the cloud deck. These altitudes are in the laye... | Where on Neptune does weather always occur? | Where on Neptune does weather always occur? | [
" Where on Neptune does weather always occur?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93839 | 572e7fd1cb0c0d14000f11cf | Cyprus | In 1570, a full-scale Ottoman assault with 60,000 troops brought the island under Ottoman control, despite stiff resistance by the inhabitants of Nicosia and Famagusta. Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus massacred many Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants. The previous Latin elite were destroyed and the first signific... | Ottoman forces massacred which types of people? | Ottoman forces massacred which types of people? | [
"Ottoman forces massacred which types of people?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46110 | 5ad3c9e3604f3c001a3ff0b5 | Jehovah%27s_Witnesses | The entire Protestant canon of scripture is considered the inspired, inerrant word of God. Jehovah's Witnesses consider the Bible to be scientifically and historically accurate and reliable and interpret much of it literally, but accept parts of it as symbolic. They consider the Bible to be the final authority for all ... | What religion gives their adherents a lot of leeway in regards to abiding by its doctrines? | What religion gives their adherents a lot of leeway in regards to abiding by its doctrines? | [
"What religion gives their adherents a lot of leeway in regards to abiding by its doctrines?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99222 | 5a8a24f73b2508001a72a6a0 | 51st_state | Residents of Puerto Rico pay U.S. federal taxes: import/export taxes, federal commodity taxes, social security taxes, therefore contributing to the American Government. Most Puerto Rico residents do not pay federal income tax but do pay federal payroll taxes (Social Security and Medicare). However, federal employees, t... | What do most Afghanistan residents pay? | What do most Afghanistan residents pay? | [
"What do most Afghanistan residents pay?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105043 | 5a3ea0cb5a76c5001a3a83d4 | Palermo | Sicily fell under the control of the Holy Roman Empire in 1194. Palermo was the preferred city of the Emperor Frederick II. Muslims of Palermo emigrated or were expelled during Holy Roman rule. After an interval of Angevin rule (1266–1282), Sicily came under control of the Aragon and Barcelona dynasties. By 1330, Paler... | Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century? | Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century? | [
"Who controlled Sicily in the 11th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43320 | 5a8614aeb4e223001a8e7466 | Poultry | A 2011 study by the Translational Genomics Research Institute showed that 47% of the meat and poultry sold in United States grocery stores was contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, and 52% of the bacteria concerned showed resistance to at least three groups of antibiotics. Thorough cooking of the product would kill ... | What is a common myth about poultry and bacteria? | What is a common myth about poultry and bacteria? | [
"What is a common myth about poultry and bacteria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45924 | 5731bb78b9d445190005e4dc | YouTube | Most videos enable users to leave comments, and these have attracted attention for the negative aspects of both their form and content. In 2006, Time praised Web 2.0 for enabling "community and collaboration on a scale never seen before", and added that YouTube "harnesses the stupidity of crowds as well as its wisdom. ... | Which magazine wrote about youtube in a 2009 article on user comments? | Which magazine wrote about youtube in a 2009 article on user comments? | [
"Which magazine wrote about youtube in a 2009 article on user comments?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Guardian"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49877 | 56cd8f8962d2951400fa6718 | Sino-Tibetan_relations_during_the_Ming_dynasty | Patricia Ebrey writes that Tibet, like Joseon Korea and other neighboring states to the Ming, settled for its tributary status while there were no troops or governors of Ming China stationed in its territory. Laird writes that "after the Mongol troops left Tibet, no Ming troops replaced them." Wang and Nyima state that... | How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture? | How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture? | [
"How many Tibetan prisoners did Mu Ying capture?"
] | {
"text": [
"30,000"
],
"answer_start": [
955
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58724 | 5a46b9705fd40d001a27dc9a | Rajasthan | Over the years, the Mughals began to have internal disputes which greatly distracted them at times. The Mughal Empire continued to weaken, and with the decline of the Mughal Empire in the 18th century, Rajputana came under the suzerainty of the Marathas. The Marathas, who were Hindus from the state of what is now Mahar... | When did the Mughal Empire replace the British Empire? | When did the Mughal Empire replace the British Empire? | [
"When did the Mughal Empire replace the British Empire?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1778 | 5ad16f84645df0001a2d1b40 | Military_history_of_the_United_States | The British, for their part, lacked both a unified command and a clear strategy for winning. With the use of the Royal Navy, the British were able to capture coastal cities, but control of the countryside eluded them. A British sortie from Canada in 1777 ended with the disastrous surrender of a British army at Saratoga... | What Prussian expatriate helped not train the Continental army? | What Prussian expatriate helped not train the Continental army? | [
" What Prussian expatriate helped not train the Continental army?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53704 | 5ad2745dd7d075001a4294e1 | Dialect | Modern standard Italian itself is heavily based on the Latin-derived Florentine Tuscan language. The Tuscan-based language that would eventually become modern standard Italian had been used in poetry and literature since at least the 12th century, and it first became widely known in Italy through the works of authors s... | Since when has Niccolo Machiavelli been used in poetry and literature? | Since when has Niccolo Machiavelli been used in poetry and literature? | [
"Since when has Niccolo Machiavelli been used in poetry and literature? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74775 | 570e6d560b85d914000d7ed5 | Melbourne | Another recent environmental issue in Melbourne was the Victorian government project of channel deepening Melbourne Ports by dredging Port Phillip Bay—the Port Phillip Channel Deepening Project. It was subject to controversy and strict regulations among fears that beaches and marine wildlife could be affected by the di... | Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne? | Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne? | [
"Up to how many cigarette butts enter the storm water runoff every day in Melbourne?"
] | {
"text": [
"350,000"
],
"answer_start": [
557
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7214 | 57316494e6313a140071ced2 | Red | After the Communist Party of China took power in 1949, the flag of China became a red flag with a large star symbolizing the Communist Party, and smaller stars symbolizing workers, peasants, the urban middle class and rural middle class. The flag of the Communist Party of China became a red banner with a hammer and sic... | What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent? | What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent? | [
"What does the red color in the Nepalese flag represent?"
] | {
"text": [
"the national flower"
],
"answer_start": [
665
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75504 | 57269edadd62a815002e8b2e | Cubism | The most serious objection to regarding the Demoiselles as the origin of Cubism, with its evident influence of primitive art, is that "such deductions are unhistorical", wrote the art historian Daniel Robbins. This familiar explanation "fails to give adequate consideration to the complexities of a flourishing art that ... | Which impressionist movements were also influenced by Cubism? | Which impressionist movements were also influenced by Cubism? | [
"Which impressionist movements were also influenced by Cubism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Les Nabis and the Symbolists"
],
"answer_start": [
601
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35355 | 5ad0d4f1645df0001a2d0626 | Gothic_architecture | The characteristic forms that were to define Gothic architecture grew out of Romanesque architecture and developed at several different geographic locations, as the result of different influences and structural requirements. While barrel vaults and groin vaults are typical of Romanesque architecture, ribbed vaults were... | When was Durham Cathedral abandoned? | When was Durham Cathedral abandoned? | [
"When was Durham Cathedral abandoned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25308 | 56d11d3317492d1400aab9c3 | New_York_City | The city government was a petitioner in the landmark Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency Supreme Court case forcing the EPA to regulate greenhouse gases as pollutants. The city is also a leader in the construction of energy-efficient green office buildings, including the Hearst Tower among others. Mayor Bi... | What percent reduction of greenhouse gases does Mayor de Blasio want to see by 2050? | What percent reduction of greenhouse gases does Mayor de Blasio want to see by 2050? | [
"What percent reduction of greenhouse gases does Mayor de Blasio want to see by 2050?"
] | {
"text": [
"80%"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36856 | 5a84bb9a7cf838001a46aa7c | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | House minority leaders also hold joint news conferences and consult with their counterparts in the Senate—and with the president if their party controls the White House. The overall objectives are to develop a coordinated communications strategy, to share ideas and information, and to present a united front on issues. ... | What kind of news conferences are held by the White House? | What kind of news conferences are held by the White House? | [
"What kind of news conferences are held by the White House?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20127 | 5733b496d058e614000b60cf | University_of_Notre_Dame | The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated... | From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame? | From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame? | [
"From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germany"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57465 | 572e9f6ddfa6aa1500f8d20d | Quran | The word qurʼān appears about 70 times in the Quran itself, assuming various meanings. It is a verbal noun (maṣdar) of the Arabic verb qaraʼa (قرأ), meaning "he read" or "he recited". The Syriac equivalent is (ܩܪܝܢܐ) qeryānā, which refers to "scripture reading" or "lesson". While some Western scholars consider the word... | From which Arabic verb might "Quran" be derived? | From which Arabic verb might "Quran" be derived? | [
"From which Arabic verb might \"Quran\" be derived?"
] | {
"text": [
"qaraʼa"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16663 | 572a6eae7a1753140016af45 | Friedrich_Hayek | Hayek continued his research on monetary and capital theory, revising his theories of the relations between credit cycles and capital structure in Profits, Interest and Investment (1939) and The Pure Theory of Capital (1941), but his reputation as an economic theorist had by then fallen so much that those works were la... | What is the name of the first book Hayek released to revise his stances from Prices and Production? | What is the name of the first book Hayek released to revise his stances from Prices and Production? | [
"What is the name of the first book Hayek released to revise his stances from Prices and Production?"
] | {
"text": [
"Profits, Interest and Investment"
],
"answer_start": [
147
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43955 | 56cf7bf44df3c31400b0d82c | Kanye_West | On March 30, 2015, it was announced that West is a co-owner, with various other music artists, in the music streaming service Tidal. The service specialises in lossless audio and high definition music videos. Jay Z acquired the parent company of Tidal, Aspiro, in the first quarter of 2015. Including Beyoncé and Jay-Z, ... | What criticisms of other streaming platforms does Tidal stand to challenge? | What criticisms of other streaming platforms does Tidal stand to challenge? | [
"What criticisms of other streaming platforms does Tidal stand to challenge?"
] | {
"text": [
"low payout of royalties"
],
"answer_start": [
739
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72736 | 570fd1ed5ab6b8190039104e | Dell | From 1997 to 2004, Dell enjoyed steady growth and it gained market share from competitors even during industry slumps. During the same period, rival PC vendors such as Compaq, Gateway, IBM, Packard Bell, and AST Research struggled and eventually left the market or were bought out. Dell surpassed Compaq to become the la... | What company did Compaq merge with in 2002? | What company did Compaq merge with in 2002? | [
"What company did Compaq merge with in 2002?"
] | {
"text": [
"Hewlett Packard"
],
"answer_start": [
570
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5353 | 5727a40bff5b5019007d91b2 | Digimon | "Digimon" are "Digital Monsters". According to the stories, they are inhabitants of the "DigiWorld", a manifestation of Earth's communication network. The stories tell of a group of mostly pre-teens, who accompany special Digimon born to defend their world (and ours) from various evil forces. To help them surmount the ... | What is the world of the digimon called? | What is the world of the digimon called? | [
"What is the world of the digimon called?"
] | {
"text": [
"DigiWorld"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18644 | 5726ebfc708984140094d619 | Nigeria | Even though most ethnic groups prefer to communicate in their own languages, English as the official language is widely used for education, business transactions and for official purposes. English as a first language is used only by a small minority of the country's urban elite, and it is not spoken at all in some rura... | What is the official language of Nigeria? | What is the official language of Nigeria? | [
"What is the official language of Nigeria?"
] | {
"text": [
"English"
],
"answer_start": [
77
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30771 | 57267bf95951b619008f7447 | Mexico_City | Mexico City, being the seat of the powers of the Union, did not belong to any particular state but to all. Therefore, it was the president, representing the federation, who used to designate the head of government of the Federal District, a position which is sometimes presented outside Mexico as the "Mayor" of Mexico C... | If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation? | If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation? | [
"If Mexico City was declared a state, how many states would be in the federation?"
] | {
"text": [
"32"
],
"answer_start": [
787
]
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.