gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-1359 | 5a4ea835af0d07001ae8cb9e | Airport | An airbase, sometimes referred to as an air station or airfield, provides basing and support of military aircraft. Some airbases, known as military airports, provide facilities similar to their civilian counterparts. For example, RAF Brize Norton in the UK has a terminal which caters to passengers for the Royal Air For... | What is a terminal also referred to as? | What is a terminal also referred to as? | [
"What is a terminal also referred to as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9166 | 57325b800fdd8d15006c6a27 | The_Bronx | At the 2009 American Community Survey, Black Americans made the second largest group in the Bronx after Hispanics and Latinos. Blacks of both Hispanic and non-Hispanic origin represented over one-third (35.4%) of the Bronx's population. Blacks of non-Hispanic origin made up 30.8% of the population. Over 495,200 blacks ... | How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)? | How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)? | [
"How many people in the Bronx are black (not including Hispanic)?"
] | {
"text": [
"430,600"
],
"answer_start": [
353
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50980 | 572f7f37b2c2fd1400568191 | Seven_Years%27_War | In 1756 and 1757 the French captured forts Oswego and William Henry from the British. The latter victory was marred when France's native allies broke the terms of capitulation and attacked the retreating British column, which was under French guard, slaughtering and scalping soldiers and taking captive many men, women ... | Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry? | Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry? | [
"Who assisted the French in taking forts Oswego and William Henry?"
] | {
"text": [
"France's native allies"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16277 | 5731735ba5e9cc1400cdbf79 | Muammar_Gaddafi | The RCC attempted to suppress regional and tribal affiliation, replacing it with a unified pan-Libyan identity. In doing so, they tried discrediting tribal leaders as agents of the old regime, and in August 1971 a Sabha military court tried many of them for counter-revolutionary activity. Long-standing administrative b... | What were tribal leaders accused of in 1971? | What were tribal leaders accused of in 1971? | [
"What were tribal leaders accused of in 1971?"
] | {
"text": [
"counter-revolutionary activity"
],
"answer_start": [
258
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31742 | 570d972b16d0071400510b91 | Anti-aircraft_warfare | Service trials demonstrated another problem however: that ranging and tracking the new high-speed targets was almost impossible. At short range, the apparent target area is relatively large, the trajectory is flat and the time of flight is short, allowing to correct lead by watching the tracers. At long range, the airc... | What was shown to be practically not possible during service trials? | What was shown to be practically not possible during service trials? | [
"What was shown to be practically not possible during service trials?"
] | {
"text": [
"ranging and tracking the new high-speed targets"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86001 | 572ff6f7a23a5019007fcbc4 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in t... | How many miles is Tuscon from the US - Mexico border? | How many miles is Tuscon from the US - Mexico border? | [
"How many miles is Tuscon from the US - Mexico border?"
] | {
"text": [
"60"
],
"answer_start": [
59
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-202 | 56f8edb59e9bad19000a0710 | Guinea-Bissau | The 2010 maternal mortality rate per 100,000 births for Guinea Bissau was 1000. This compares with 804.3 in 2008 and 966 in 1990. The under 5 mortality rate, per 1,000 births, was 195 and the neonatal mortality as a percentage of under 5's mortality was 24. The number of midwives per 1,000 live births was 3; one out of... | How many midwives are listed per 1,000 live births? | How many midwives are listed per 1,000 live births? | [
"How many midwives are listed per 1,000 live births?"
] | {
"text": [
"3"
],
"answer_start": [
307
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92722 | 5727a11cff5b5019007d9154 | Alsace | Alsace is one of the most conservative régions of France. It is one of just two régions in metropolitan France where the conservative right won the 2004 région elections and thus controls the Alsace Regional Council. Conservative leader Nicolas Sarkozy got his best score in Alsace (over 65%) in the second round of the ... | Which conservative leader in 2007 received the best score during the second round of elections? | Which conservative leader in 2007 received the best score during the second round of elections? | [
"Which conservative leader in 2007 received the best score during the second round of elections?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nicolas Sarkozy"
],
"answer_start": [
237
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73795 | 5ad550815b96ef001a10ac9b | Warsaw_Pact | On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance wh... | Which country held the 1 July 1991 meeting to dissolve the Warsaw Pact? | Which country held the 1 July 1991 meeting to dissolve the Warsaw Pact? | [
"Which country held the 1 July 1991 meeting to dissolve the Warsaw Pact?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84794 | 5ad4d86e5b96ef001a10a33c | San_Diego | San Diego was ranked as the 20th-safest city in America in 2013 by Business Insider. According to Forbes magazine, San Diego was the ninth-safest city in the top 10 list of safest cities in the U.S. in 2010. Like most major cities, San Diego had a declining crime rate from 1990 to 2000. Crime in San Diego increased in ... | In what place did Forbes rank San Diego on it's top 5 list? | In what place did Forbes rank San Diego on it's top 5 list? | [
"In what place did Forbes rank San Diego on it's top 5 list?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90238 | 5727bf403acd2414000deb5d | Tibet | The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor ... | Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century? | Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century? | [
"Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"William H. Baxter"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73298 | 56db19b5e7c41114004b4d05 | American_Idol | Season four premiered on January 18, 2005; this was the first season of the series to be aired in high definition, although the finale of season three was also aired in high definition. The number of those attending the auditions by now had increased to over 100,000 from the 10,000 of the first season. The age limit wa... | When did season four premiere? | When did season four premiere? | [
"When did season four premiere?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 18, 2005"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100474 | 56e11d89e3433e1400422c23 | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In December 2011, Xinhua stated that "[t]he basic structure of the Beidou system has now been established, and engineers are now conducting comprehensive system test and evaluation. The system will provide test-run services of positioning, navigation and time for China and the neighboring areas before the end of this y... | Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational? | Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational? | [
"Of the 16 satellites launched for the BeiDou-2 system, how many are operational?"
] | {
"text": [
"14"
],
"answer_start": [
548
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9699 | 5725e35889a1e219009ac030 | Montevideo | The largest private university in Uruguay, is also located in Montevideo. ORT Uruguay was first established as a non-profit organization in 1942, and was officially certified as a private university in September 1996, becoming the second private educational institution in the country to achieve that status.[citation ne... | What is the largest private university in Uruguay? | What is the largest private university in Uruguay? | [
"What is the largest private university in Uruguay?"
] | {
"text": [
"ORT Uruguay"
],
"answer_start": [
74
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-49172 | 57270f27708984140094d92d | Tuberculosis | In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapu... | What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"? | What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"? | [
"What's the other name for \"disseminated tuberculosis\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"miliary tuberculosis"
],
"answer_start": [
1034
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75298 | 5ad149f5645df0001a2d1594 | Labour_Party_(UK) | Labour improved its performance in 1987, gaining 20 seats and so reducing the Conservative majority from 143 to 102. They were now firmly re-established as the second political party in Britain as the Alliance had once again failed to make a breakthrough with seats. A merger of the SDP and Liberals formed the Liberal D... | When did Labour worsen its performance? | When did Labour worsen its performance? | [
"When did Labour worsen its performance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64426 | 57284cb1ff5b5019007da128 | John_von_Neumann | Stochastic computing was first introduced in a pioneering paper by von Neumann in 1953. However, the theory could not be implemented until advances in computing of the 1960s. He also created the field of cellular automata without the aid of computers, constructing the first self-replicating automata with pencil and gra... | When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program? | When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program? | [
"When did von NEumann develop first self reproducing computer program?"
] | {
"text": [
"1949"
],
"answer_start": [
904
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28845 | 571aaeda10f8ca14003052d7 | Pharmaceutical_industry | In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only u... | What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? | What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act? | [
"What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?"
] | {
"text": [
"1938"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30713 | 572672d9708984140094c66e | Mexico_City | On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party gover... | How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985? | How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985? | [
"How strong was the powerful earthquake that hit Mexico City in 1985?"
] | {
"text": [
"8.1 on the Richter scale"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79445 | 5acffb4b77cf76001a6866df | Kievan_Rus%27 | According to the Primary Chronicle, the territories of the East Slavs in the 9th century were divided between the Varangians and the Khazars. The Varangians are first mentioned imposing tribute from Slavic and Finnic tribes in 859. In 862, the Finnic and Slavic tribes in the area of Novgorod rebelled against the Varang... | What was written in the 9th century? | What was written in the 9th century? | [
"What was written in the 9th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38759 | 570c73d8b3d812140066d1f6 | FC_Barcelona | In 1918 Espanyol started a counter-petition against autonomy, which at that time had become a pertinent issue. Later on, an Espanyol supporter group would join the Falangists in the Spanish Civil War, siding with the fascists. Despite these differences in ideology, the derbi has always been more relevant to Espanyol su... | Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join? | Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join? | [
"Which civil war group did some Espanyol supporters join?"
] | {
"text": [
"Falangists"
],
"answer_start": [
164
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56722 | 5727a6242ca10214002d92db | Gramophone_record | In 1931, RCA Victor launched the first commercially available vinyl long-playing record, marketed as program-transcription discs. These revolutionary discs were designed for playback at 33 1⁄3 rpm and pressed on a 30 cm diameter flexible plastic disc, with a duration of about ten minutes playing time per side. RCA Vict... | How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs? | How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs? | [
"How successful was RCA Victor's program-transcription discs?"
] | {
"text": [
"commercial failure"
],
"answer_start": [
370
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32524 | 5ad252ddd7d075001a428d07 | Antarctica | As a result of continued warming, the polar ice caps melted and much of Gondwana became a desert. In Eastern Antarctica, seed ferns or pteridosperms became abundant and large amounts of sandstone and shale were laid down at this time. Synapsids, commonly known as "mammal-like reptiles", were common in Antarctica during... | What penninsula formed during the Triassic period? | What penninsula formed during the Triassic period? | [
"What penninsula formed during the Triassic period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53680 | 56e82d0100c9c71400d775ee | Dialect | Italy is home to a vast array of native regional minority languages, most of which are Romance-based and have their own local variants. These regional languages are often referred to colloquially or in non-linguistic circles as Italian "dialects," or dialetti (standard Italian for "dialects"). However, the majority of ... | Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian? | Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian? | [
"Why might Italian dialects be regarded as independent languages rather than dialects of standard Italian?"
] | {
"text": [
"they are not derived from modern standard Italian"
],
"answer_start": [
443
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38304 | 5a7d237a70df9f001a874fcf | Neolithic | The domestication of large animals (c. 8000 BC) resulted in a dramatic increase in social inequality in most of the areas where it occurred; New Guinea being a notable exception. Possession of livestock allowed competition between households and resulted in inherited inequalities of wealth. Neolithic pastoralists who c... | Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more wealth? | Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more wealth? | [
"Who was in possession of large herds that would produce more wealth?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37819 | 572fc931947a6a140053ccb9 | Roman_Republic | In contrast, Roman expansion into Spain and Gaul occurred as a mix of alliance-seeking and military occupation. In the 2nd century BC, Roman involvement in the Greek east remained a matter of alliance-seeking, but this time in the face of major powers that could rival Rome. According to Polybius, who sought to trace ho... | Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east? | Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east? | [
"Who attempted to find out how Rome dominated the Greek east?"
] | {
"text": [
"Polybius"
],
"answer_start": [
288
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80095 | 5726bce2f1498d1400e8e99d | Samoa | The unicameral legislature (the Fono) consists of 49 members serving 5-year terms. Forty-seven are matai title-holders elected from territorial districts by Samoans; the other two are chosen by non-Samoans with no chiefly affiliation on separate electoral rolls. Universal suffrage was adopted in 1990, but only chiefs (... | How many Fono members are there? | How many Fono members are there? | [
"How many Fono members are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"49"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1603 | 57318186a5e9cc1400cdbff2 | Mosaic | Mosaic art also flourished in Christian Petra where three Byzantine churches were discovered. The most important one was uncovered in 1990. It is known that the walls were also covered with golden glass mosaics but only the floor panels survived as usual. The mosaic of the seasons in the southern aisle is from this fir... | What century was the oldest known mosaic at the church discovered in 1990? | What century was the oldest known mosaic at the church discovered in 1990? | [
"What century was the oldest known mosaic at the church discovered in 1990?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 5th"
],
"answer_start": [
358
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75678 | 5acfd22577cf76001a6861d3 | Cubism | Architectural interest in Cubism centered on the dissolution and reconstitution of three-dimensional form, using simple geometric shapes, juxtaposed without the illusions of classical perspective. Diverse elements could be superimposed, made transparent or penetrate one another, while retaining their spatial relationsh... | Who said that Cubism was not becoming an influetial aspect in modern architecture ? | Who said that Cubism was not becoming an influetial aspect in modern architecture ? | [
"Who said that Cubism was not becoming an influetial aspect in modern architecture ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105322 | 5727f92b4b864d19001640fa | History_of_science | The scientific revolution is a convenient boundary between ancient thought and classical physics. Nicolaus Copernicus revived the heliocentric model of the solar system described by Aristarchus of Samos. This was followed by the first known model of planetary motion given by Johannes Kepler in the early 17th century, w... | Johannes Kepler created a model of what? | Johannes Kepler created a model of what? | [
"Johannes Kepler created a model of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"planetary motion"
],
"answer_start": [
250
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45533 | 571a830810f8ca14003050c4 | Ashkenazi_Jews | They established communities throughout Central and Eastern Europe, which had been their primary region of concentration and residence until recent times, evolving their own distinctive characteristics and diasporic identities. In the late Middle Ages the center of gravity of the Ashkenazi population, and its tradition... | In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location? | In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location? | [
"In the late Middle Ages, as the Ashkenazi population shifted it moved from what location?"
] | {
"text": [
"German lands"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59017 | 5a303d02f1f7c7001ab92cf4 | A_cappella | The popularization of the Jewish chant may be found in the writings of the Jewish philosopher Philo, born 20 BCE. Weaving together Jewish and Greek thought, Philo promoted praise without instruments, and taught that "silent singing" (without even vocal chords) was better still. This view parted with the Jewish scriptur... | When was the Greek philosopher Philo born? | When was the Greek philosopher Philo born? | [
"When was the Greek philosopher Philo born?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71904 | 5acf5ce077cf76001a684c42 | Capacitor | Capacitors deviate from the ideal capacitor equation in a number of ways. Some of these, such as leakage current and parasitic effects are linear, or can be assumed to be linear, and can be dealt with by adding virtual components to the equivalent circuit of the capacitor. The usual methods of network analysis can the... | Upon dealing with leakage current and parasitic effects in a realistic model of a capacitor, what sort of methods will never be applied? | Upon dealing with leakage current and parasitic effects in a realistic model of a capacitor, what sort of methods will never be applied? | [
"Upon dealing with leakage current and parasitic effects in a realistic model of a capacitor, what sort of methods will never be applied?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115004 | 5a6b0e56a9e0c9001a4e9e9f | Wayback_Machine | In March 2011, it was said on the Wayback Machine forum that "The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010, and will continue to be updated regularly. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past 2008, and no furt... | When did the Wayback Forum talk about the predecessor to the Wayback Machine? | When did the Wayback Forum talk about the predecessor to the Wayback Machine? | [
"When did the Wayback Forum talk about the predecessor to the Wayback Machine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108136 | 5acd412607355d001abf3a8c | Estonian_language | Typologically, Estonian represents a transitional form from an agglutinating language to a fusional language. The canonical word order is SVO (subject–verb–object). | What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? | What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into? | [
" What sort of form is Estonian moving away from into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96566 | 5a8c7850fd22b3001a8d8877 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | In Mark, Jesus is crucified along with two rebels, and the day goes dark for three hours. Jesus calls out to God, then gives a shout and dies. The curtain of the Temple is torn in two. Matthew follows Mark, adding an earthquake and the resurrection of saints. Luke also follows Mark, though he describes the rebels as co... | How did the criminals react to their own crucifixion? | How did the criminals react to their own crucifixion? | [
"How did the criminals react to their own crucifixion?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24337 | 572959aaaf94a219006aa300 | Bermuda | The professionals soon displaced the amateur ex-Public schoolboys. Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere, with an army garrison to match, ensured that the naval and military officers quickly introduced the newly formalised sports to Bermuda, including cricket, football, Rugby football,... | How were sports introduced in Bermuda? | How were sports introduced in Bermuda? | [
"How were sports introduced in Bermuda?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bermuda's role as the primary Royal Navy base in the Western Hemisphere,"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-597 | 56de7cefcffd8e1900b4b988 | Plymouth | The redevelopment of the city was planned by Sir Patrick Abercrombie in his 1943 Plan for Plymouth whilst simultaneously working on the reconstruction plan for London. Between 1951 and 1957 over 1000 homes were completed every year mostly using innovative prefabricated systems of just three main types; by 1964 over 20,... | What English Heritage status does the Civic Centre possess? | What English Heritage status does the Civic Centre possess? | [
"What English Heritage status does the Civic Centre possess?"
] | {
"text": [
"grade II"
],
"answer_start": [
850
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72634 | 5ad36d16604f3c001a3fe1e2 | Dell | On August 17, 2007, Dell Inc. announced that after an internal investigation into its accounting practices it would restate and reduce earnings from 2003 through to the first quarter of 2007 by a total amount of between $50 million and $150 million, or 2 cents to 7 cents per share. The investigation, begun in November ... | How much didn't Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it? | How much didn't Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it? | [
"How much didn't Dell pay in fines to settle fraud charges against it?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35058 | 5a8cdae5fd22b3001a8d8f4f | Memory | In contrast, procedural memory (or implicit memory) is not based on the conscious recall of information, but on implicit learning. It can best be summarized as remember how to do something. Procedural memory is primarily employed in learning motor skills and should be considered a subset of implicit memory. It is revea... | What type of memory does not depend on the cerebellum and basal ganglia? | What type of memory does not depend on the cerebellum and basal ganglia? | [
"What type of memory does not depend on the cerebellum and basal ganglia?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51196 | 570a9aba4103511400d59874 | Old_English | Each of these four dialects was associated with an independent kingdom on the island. Of these, Northumbria south of the Tyne, and most of Mercia, were overrun by the Vikings during the 9th century. The portion of Mercia that was successfully defended, and all of Kent, were then integrated into Wessex under Alfred the ... | North of what river in Northumbria was the kingdom not overrun by the Vikings? | North of what river in Northumbria was the kingdom not overrun by the Vikings? | [
"North of what river in Northumbria was the kingdom not overrun by the Vikings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Tyne"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20263 | 5a66fd56f038b7001ab0c151 | Glass | Following the glass batch preparation and mixing, the raw materials are transported to the furnace. Soda-lime glass for mass production is melted in gas fired units. Smaller scale furnaces for specialty glasses include electric melters, pot furnaces, and day tanks. After melting, homogenization and refining (removal of... | What is added to the glass of windows to improve water resistance? | What is added to the glass of windows to improve water resistance? | [
"What is added to the glass of windows to improve water resistance?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109647 | 5728f5716aef0514001548cc | Samurai | In December 1547, Francis was in Malacca (Malaysia) waiting to return to Goa (India) when he met a low-ranked samurai named Anjiro (possibly spelled "Yajiro"). Anjiro was not an intellectual, but he impressed Xavier because he took careful notes of everything he said in church. Xavier made the decision to go to Japan i... | Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church? | Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church? | [
"Who impressed Xavier by taking notes in church?"
] | {
"text": [
"Anjiro"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37036 | 5725ca1589a1e219009abeae | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In 1997, the charity introduced a U.S. Libraries initiative with a goal of "ensuring that if you can get to a public library, you can reach the internet". Only 35% of the world's population has access to the Internet. The foundation has given grants, installed computers and software, and provided training and technical... | what have the grants provided public libraries | what have the grants provided public libraries | [
"what have the grants provided public libraries"
] | {
"text": [
"The foundation has given grants, installed computers and software, and provided training and technical support in partnership with public libraries nationwide"
],
"answer_start": [
218
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111649 | 5acd78ce07355d001abf43c7 | Education | Indigenous education refers to the inclusion of indigenous knowledge, models, methods, and content within formal and non-formal educational systems. Often in a post-colonial context, the growing recognition and use of indigenous education methods can be a response to the erosion and loss of indigenous knowledge and lan... | What education is only a formal educational system? | What education is only a formal educational system? | [
"What education is only a formal educational system?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51005 | 572f9a52b2c2fd1400568239 | Seven_Years%27_War | The Anglo-French hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris, which involved a complex series of land exchanges, the most important being France's cession to Spain of Louisiana, and to Great Britain the rest of New France except for the islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. Faced with the choice of retrieving e... | How were the British-French hostilities concluded? | How were the British-French hostilities concluded? | [
"How were the British-French hostilities concluded?"
] | {
"text": [
"hostilities were ended in 1763 by the Treaty of Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
17
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17431 | 5ad11c58645df0001a2d0dcb | Uranium | Uranium's average concentration in the Earth's crust is (depending on the reference) 2 to 4 parts per million, or about 40 times as abundant as silver. The Earth's crust from the surface to 25 km (15 mi) down is calculated to contain 1017 kg (2×1017 lb) of uranium while the oceans may contain 1013 kg (2×1013 lb). The c... | How many pounds of uranium may be contained in the oceans? | How many pounds of uranium may be contained in the oceans? | [
"How many pounds of uranium may be contained in the oceans?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44776 | 56f8b9549e9bad19000a03b7 | Gene | A broad operational definition is sometimes used to encompass the complexity of these diverse phenomena, where a gene is defined as a union of genomic sequences encoding a coherent set of potentially overlapping functional products. This definition categorizes genes by their functional products (proteins or RNA) rather... | What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by? | What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by? | [
"What does the typical definition of a gene categorize genes by?"
] | {
"text": [
"their specific DNA loci"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58389 | 570e22010dc6ce1900204dde | Sanskrit | Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardi... | Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used? | Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used? | [
"Besides its uses as language of religions, for what other application can Sanskrit be used?"
] | {
"text": [
"lingua franca"
],
"answer_start": [
271
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115934 | 572e86b8dfa6aa1500f8d0ac | Richard_Feynman | Feynman has been called the "Great Explainer". He gained a reputation for taking great care when giving explanations to his students and for making it a moral duty to make the topic accessible. His guiding principle was that, if a topic could not be explained in a freshman lecture, it was not yet fully understood. Feyn... | Antiparticles had to exist because if particles only were of positive energy, they would not be in what? | Antiparticles had to exist because if particles only were of positive energy, they would not be in what? | [
"Antiparticles had to exist because if particles only were of positive energy, they would not be in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"light cone"
],
"answer_start": [
1082
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55796 | 57261162271a42140099d424 | Clothing | In Western societies, skirts, dresses and high-heeled shoes are usually seen as women's clothing, while neckties are usually seen as men's clothing. Trousers were once seen as exclusively male clothing, but are nowadays worn by both genders. Male clothes are often more practical (that is, they can function well under a... | What would be unlikely to raise eyebrows if a woman were to wear it? | What would be unlikely to raise eyebrows if a woman were to wear it? | [
"What would be unlikely to raise eyebrows if a woman were to wear it?"
] | {
"text": [
"male clothing"
],
"answer_start": [
563
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109086 | 57275eab5951b619008f88df | Carnival | Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the ... | What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period? | What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period? | [
"What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period?"
] | {
"text": [
"sexual"
],
"answer_start": [
40
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88392 | 56d8e49edc89441400fdb39b | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | French members of Parliament and other French politicians also organised a protest. All political parties in Parliament—UMP, Socialists, New Centre, Communists, Democratic Movement (centre) and Greens—jointly requested a pause in the National Assembly's session, which was granted, so that MPs could step outside and unf... | What did MPs yell when the torch passed them? | What did MPs yell when the torch passed them? | [
"What did MPs yell when the torch passed them?"
] | {
"text": [
"Freedom for Tibet!"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86837 | 5a8cbf23fd22b3001a8d8dea | Biodiversity | The forests play a vital role in harbouring more than 45,000 floral and 81,000 faunal species of which 5150 floral and 1837 faunal species are endemic. Plant and animal species confined to a specific geographical area are called endemic species. In reserved forests, rights to activities like hunting and grazing are som... | What types of activities are granted rights in reserved species? | What types of activities are granted rights in reserved species? | [
"What types of activities are granted rights in reserved species?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62209 | 57268a4a708984140094c952 | Chicago_Cubs | Caray had lively discussions with commentator Steve Stone, who was hand-picked by Harry himself, and producer Arne Harris. Caray often playfully quarreled with Stone over Stone's cigar and why Stone was single, while Stone would counter with poking fun at Harry being "under the influence." Stone disclosed in his book "... | What does the crowd sing during the 7th inning to honor Caray's memory? | What does the crowd sing during the 7th inning to honor Caray's memory? | [
"What does the crowd sing during the 7th inning to honor Caray's memory?"
] | {
"text": [
"Take me out to the ballgame"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91901 | 5a8181e831013a001a334c69 | Cotton | By the 1840s, India was no longer capable of supplying the vast quantities of cotton fibers needed by mechanized British factories, while shipping bulky, low-price cotton from India to Britain was time-consuming and expensive. This, coupled with the emergence of American cotton as a superior type (due to the longer, st... | What was the difference that made Indian cotton preferred over British cotton? | What was the difference that made Indian cotton preferred over British cotton? | [
"What was the difference that made Indian cotton preferred over British cotton?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87950 | 572bf75fdfb02c14005c6b11 | God | In monotheism and henotheism, God is conceived of as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. The concept of God as described by theologians commonly includes the attributes of omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), omnibenevolence (perfect goodness),... | What is a God in monotheism? | What is a God in monotheism? | [
"What is a God in monotheism?"
] | {
"text": [
"Supreme Being and principal object of faith"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30761 | 572679945951b619008f73cd | Mexico_City | In 1854 president Antonio López de Santa Anna enlarged the area of the Federal District almost eightfold from the original 220 to 1,700 km2 (80 to 660 sq mi), annexing the rural and mountainous areas to secure the strategic mountain passes to the south and southwest to protect the city in event of a foreign invasion. (... | Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest? | Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest? | [
"Who increased the size of Mexico City to it's largest?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antonio López de Santa Anna"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99720 | 56fb7ee6b28b3419009f1d91 | Middle_Ages | The crusaders consolidated their conquests into crusader states. During the 12th and 13th centuries, there were a series of conflicts between those states and the surrounding Islamic states. Appeals from those states to the papacy led to further crusades, such as the Third Crusade, called to try to regain Jerusalem, wh... | What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade? | What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade? | [
"What state was founded following the Fourth Crusade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Latin Empire of Constantinople"
],
"answer_start": [
498
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26639 | 5a77b3a4b73996001af5a519 | University | Until the 19th century, religion played a significant role in university curriculum; however, the role of religion in research universities decreased in the 19th century, and by the end of the 19th century, the German university model had spread around the world. Universities concentrated on science in the 19th and 20t... | What were the focus of grants in the 19th century? | What were the focus of grants in the 19th century? | [
"What were the focus of grants in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53380 | 5a515044ce860b001aa3fcf4 | Sichuan | According to the Sichuan Department of Commerce, the province's total foreign trade was US$22.04 billion in 2008, with an annual increase of 53.3 percent. Exports were US$13.1 billion, an annual increase of 52.3 percent, while imports were US$8.93 billion, an annual increase of 54.7 percent. These achievements were acc... | What has a decrease in production costs contributed to? | What has a decrease in production costs contributed to? | [
"What has a decrease in production costs contributed to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77048 | 57268e0ff1498d1400e8e3a6 | Dutch_language | Some nouns have two different diminutives, each with a different meaning: bloem (flower) → bloempje (lit. "small flower"), but bloemetje (lit. also "small flower", meaning bouquet). A few nouns exist solely in a diminutive form, e.g. zeepaardje (seahorse), while many, e.g. meisje (girl), originally a diminutive of meid... | Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"? | Which diminutive of "bloem" means a "bouquet"? | [
"Which diminutive of \"bloem\" means a \"bouquet\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"bloemetje"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38036 | 5730239eb2c2fd1400568934 | Roman_Republic | Beginning in the summer of 54 BC, a wave of political corruption and violence swept Rome. This chaos reached a climax in January of 52 BC, when Clodius was murdered in a gang war by Milo. On 1 January 49 BC, an agent of Caesar presented an ultimatum to the senate. The ultimatum was rejected, and the senate then passed ... | What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate? | What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate? | [
"What type of powers were granted to Pompey by the senate?"
] | {
"text": [
"dictatorial"
],
"answer_start": [
632
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111004 | 5a81cbef31013a001a334ee8 | Group_(mathematics) | Quotient groups and subgroups together form a way of describing every group by its presentation: any group is the quotient of the free group over the generators of the group, quotiented by the subgroup of relations. The dihedral group D4, for example, can be generated by two elements r and f (for example, r = r1, the r... | What of a square is an infinite composition? | What of a square is an infinite composition? | [
"What of a square is an infinite composition?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89001 | 5acd431b07355d001abf3afe | Hunter-gatherer | Starting at the transition between the Middle to Upper Paleolithic period, some 80,000 to 70,000 years ago, some hunter-gatherers bands began to specialize, concentrating on hunting a smaller selection of (often larger) game and gathering a smaller selection of food. This specialization of work also involved creating s... | When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what? | When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what? | [
"When hunter-gatherers began to specialize, they concentrated on a larger selection of what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9129 | 5732584f0fdd8d15006c69fd | The_Bronx | Like other neighborhoods in New York City, the South Bronx has no official boundaries. The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places so that by the 2000s Fordham Road was often used as a northern limit. The Bronx River more consistently forms an eastern bound... | Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown? | Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown? | [
"Why has the supposed size of the 'South Bronx' grown?"
] | {
"text": [
"The name has been used to represent poverty in the Bronx and applied to progressively more northern places"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35279 | 5ad0c662645df0001a2d02c8 | Gothic_architecture | Throughout Europe at this time there was a rapid growth in trade and an associated growth in towns. Germany and the Lowlands had large flourishing towns that grew in comparative peace, in trade and competition with each other, or united for mutual weal, as in the Hanseatic League. Civic building was of great importance... | What type of building was considered to be very unimportant and a sign of affluence and achievement? | What type of building was considered to be very unimportant and a sign of affluence and achievement? | [
"What type of building was considered to be very unimportant and a sign of affluence and achievement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99935 | 572ab2ccbe1ee31400cb8192 | Guam | Before World War II, Guam and three other territories – American Samoa, Hawaii, and the Philippines – were the only American jurisdictions in the Pacific Ocean. On December 7, 1941, hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor, Guam was captured by the Japanese, and was occupied for thirty months. During the occupation, Guam... | How long did the Japanese occupation last? | How long did the Japanese occupation last? | [
"How long did the Japanese occupation last?"
] | {
"text": [
"thirty months"
],
"answer_start": [
278
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44040 | 56d12c3d17492d1400aabb4c | Kanye_West | On November 10, 2007, at approximately 7:35 pm, paramedics responding to an emergency call transported West's mother, Donda West, to the nearby Centinela Freeman Hospital in Marina del Rey, California. She was unresponsive in the emergency room, and after resuscitation attempts, doctors pronounced her dead at approxima... | At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda? | At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda? | [
"At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda?"
] | {
"text": [
"7:35 pm"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55897 | 57261e08271a42140099d497 | Clothing | Many kinds of clothing are designed to be ironed before they are worn to remove wrinkles. Most modern formal and semi-formal clothing is in this category (for example, dress shirts and suits). Ironed clothes are believed to look clean, fresh, and neat. Much contemporary casual clothing is made of knit materials that do... | What's the point of ironing clothing? | What's the point of ironing clothing? | [
"What's the point of ironing clothing?"
] | {
"text": [
"to remove wrinkles"
],
"answer_start": [
70
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93951 | 572e9a4edfa6aa1500f8d1e3 | Cyprus | In 2014, Turkey was ordered by the European Court of Human Rights to pay well over $100m in compensation to Cyprus for the invasion; Ankara announced that it would ignore the judgment. In 2014, a group of Cypriot refugees and a European parliamentarian, later joined by the Cypriot government, filed a complaint to the I... | What year was Turkey ordered to pay fines to Cyprus? | What year was Turkey ordered to pay fines to Cyprus? | [
"What year was Turkey ordered to pay fines to Cyprus?"
] | {
"text": [
"2014"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9783 | 5727f0053acd2414000df034 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In 1937, Nasser applied to the Royal Military Academy for army officer training, but his police record of anti-government protest initially blocked his entry. Disappointed, he enrolled in the law school at King Fuad University, but quit after one semester to reapply to the Military Academy. From his readings, Nasser, w... | Where did Nasser apply in 1937? | Where did Nasser apply in 1937? | [
"Where did Nasser apply in 1937?"
] | {
"text": [
"Royal Military Academy"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84411 | 572fc5b8b2c2fd140056843f | San_Diego | With an estimated population of 1,381,069 as of July 1, 2014, San Diego is the eighth-largest city in the United States and second-largest in California. It is part of the San Diego–Tijuana conurbation, the second-largest transborder agglomeration between the US and a bordering country after Detroit–Windsor, with a pop... | Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego? | Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego? | [
"Aside from healthcare, which employment sector has strongly emerged in San Diego?"
] | {
"text": [
"biotechnology development"
],
"answer_start": [
569
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10255 | 5a7fffd58f0597001ac00132 | Symbiosis | One of the most spectacular examples of obligate mutualism is between the siboglinid tube worms and symbiotic bacteria that live at hydrothermal vents and cold seeps. The worm has no digestive tract and is wholly reliant on its internal symbionts for nutrition. The bacteria oxidize either hydrogen sulfide or methane, w... | When were the Galapagos Islands discovered? | When were the Galapagos Islands discovered? | [
"When were the Galapagos Islands discovered?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99966 | 572b4bbf111d821400f38e30 | Guam | Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. O... | When did Guam's Cathedral first open? | When did Guam's Cathedral first open? | [
"When did Guam's Cathedral first open?"
] | {
"text": [
"February 2, 1669"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105861 | 572f7039947a6a140053c960 | Compact_disc | CDs are susceptible to damage during handling and from environmental exposure. Pits are much closer to the label side of a disc, enabling defects and contaminants on the clear side to be out of focus during playback. Consequently, CDs are more likely to suffer damage on the label side of the disc. Scratches on the clea... | What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs? | What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs? | [
"What eats at the plastic and aluminum found in CDs?"
] | {
"text": [
"fungus Geotrichum candidum"
],
"answer_start": [
597
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58897 | 572782eb5951b619008f8bc1 | A_cappella | A cappella [a kapˈpɛlla] (Italian for "in the manner of the chapel") music is specifically group or solo singing without instrumental accompaniment, or a piece intended to be performed in this way. It contrasts with cantata, which is accompanied singing. The term "a cappella" was originally intended to differentiate be... | What does A cappella mean in the Italian language? | What does A cappella mean in the Italian language? | [
"What does A cappella mean in the Italian language?"
] | {
"text": [
"in the manner of the chapel"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104595 | 5732aa5bcc179a14009dabe0 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The U.S. Financial Crisis Inquiry Commission reported its findings in January 2011. It concluded that "the crisis was avoidable and was caused by: widespread failures in financial regulation, including the Federal Reserve’s failure to stem the tide of toxic mortgages; dramatic breakdowns in corporate governance includi... | Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk? | Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk? | [
"Which business sector contributed to the financial crisis by acting recklessly and taking on too much risk?"
] | {
"text": [
"financial firms"
],
"answer_start": [
332
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50303 | 5acedfd332bba1001ae4b800 | Neptune | Claiming the right to name his discovery, Le Verrier quickly proposed the name Neptune for this new planet, though falsely stating that this had been officially approved by the French Bureau des Longitudes. In October, he sought to name the planet Le Verrier, after himself, and he had loyal support in this from the obs... | What did the discoverer want to name Uranus first? | What did the discoverer want to name Uranus first? | [
" What did the discoverer want to name Uranus first?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1646 | 57318af105b4da19006bd26f | Mosaic | The most important early Islamic mosaic work is the decoration of the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, then capital of the Arab Caliphate. The mosque was built between 706 and 715. The caliph obtained 200 skilled workers from the Byzantine Emperor to decorate the building. This is evidenced by the partly Byzantine style of ... | What is the largest section of mosaic still present in the Umayyad Mosque? | What is the largest section of mosaic still present in the Umayyad Mosque? | [
"What is the largest section of mosaic still present in the Umayyad Mosque?"
] | {
"text": [
"the \"Barada Panel\""
],
"answer_start": [
682
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75794 | 5705f57252bb891400689743 | The_Times | In editorials published on 29 and 31 July 1914, Wickham Steed, the Times's Chief Editor, argued that the British Empire should enter World War I. On 8 May 1920, also under the editorship of Steed, The Times in an editorial endorsed the anti-Semitic fabrication The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion as a genuine do... | After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being? | After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being? | [
"After publishing anti-Semitic editorials in 1920, what did The Times refer to Jews as being?"
] | {
"text": [
"the world's greatest danger"
],
"answer_start": [
344
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29859 | 570d078afed7b91900d45bdf | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | Roman Catholics believe in the Immaculate Conception of Mary, as proclaimed Ex Cathedra by Pope Pius IX in 1854, namely that she was filled with grace from the very moment of her conception in her mother's womb and preserved from the stain of original sin. The Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church has a liturgical fe... | What is the Greek term that means the same thing as "original sin?" | What is the Greek term that means the same thing as "original sin?" | [
"What is the Greek term that means the same thing as \"original sin?\""
] | {
"text": [
"ancestral sin"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41536 | 56d53bf82593cc1400307afd | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | News reports indicate that the poorer, rural villages were hardest hit. Swaminathan Krishnan, assistant professor of civil engineering and geophysics at the California Institute of Technology said: "the earthquake occurred in the rural part of China. Presumably, many of the buildings were just built; they were not desi... | What part of China did the earthquake occur in? | What part of China did the earthquake occur in? | [
"What part of China did the earthquake occur in?"
] | {
"text": [
"rural part"
],
"answer_start": [
230
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25685 | 57310e01497a881900248b54 | Namibia | The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic. Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14.5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV. The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection. Given infection rates this large... | How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002? | How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002? | [
"How many physicians did Namibia have in 2002?"
] | {
"text": [
"598"
],
"answer_start": [
494
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105528 | 5a54fea0134fea001a0e17b8 | Communications_in_Somalia | The national postal infrastructure was completely destroyed during the civil war. In order to fill the vacuum, Somali Post signed an agreement in 2003 with the United Arab Emirates' Emirates Post to process mail to and from Somalia. Emirates Post's mail transit hub at the Dubai International Airport was then used to fo... | What country did the Somali Post parner with before the civil war? | What country did the Somali Post parner with before the civil war? | [
"What country did the Somali Post parner with before the civil war?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55163 | 5a397e202f14dd001ac723d4 | Everton_F.C. | The club also owned and operated a professional basketball team, by the name of Everton Tigers, who compete in the elite British Basketball League. The team was launched in the summer of 2007 as part of the clubs' Community programme, and play their home games at the Greenbank Sports Academy. The team was an amalgam of... | What league does Everton F.C. play in? | What league does Everton F.C. play in? | [
"What league does Everton F.C. play in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101345 | 5726dbd5f1498d1400e8ed7f | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | When a joint German–Soviet peace initiative was rejected by Britain and France on 28 September 1939, Soviet foreign policy became critical of the Allies and more pro-German in turn. During the fifth session of the Supreme Soviet on 31 October 1939 Molotov analysed the international situation thus giving the direction f... | Why was the west creating a war? | Why was the west creating a war? | [
"Why was the west creating a war?"
] | {
"text": [
"to maintain the Versailles system."
],
"answer_start": [
497
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79264 | 5a3be161cc5d22001a521bed | Heian_period | Nevertheless, the Fujiwara were not demoted by Daigo but actually became stronger during his reign. Central control of Japan had continued to decline, and the Fujiwara, along with other great families and religious foundations, acquired ever larger shōen and greater wealth during the early tenth century. By the early H... | Where was central control growing? | Where was central control growing? | [
"Where was central control growing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104208 | 5ad20d8cd7d075001a42827f | Mandolin | Beginning with the Paris Exposition of 1878, the instrument's popularity rebounded. The Exposition was one of many stops for a popular new performing group the Estudiantes Españoles (Spanish Students). They danced and played guitars, violins and the bandurria, which became confused with the mandolin. Along with the ene... | What instrument was the mandolin never confused with during the 1880's? | What instrument was the mandolin never confused with during the 1880's? | [
"What instrument was the mandolin never confused with during the 1880's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65836 | 5719d8214faf5e1900b8a81f | Seattle | As prosperity began to return in the 1980s, the city was stunned by the Wah Mee massacre in 1983, when 13 people were killed in an illegal gambling club in the International District, Seattle's Chinatown. Beginning with Microsoft's 1979 move from Albuquerque, New Mexico to nearby Bellevue, Washington, Seattle and its s... | What item for sale in 2000 Seattle was some of the most costly in the US? | What item for sale in 2000 Seattle was some of the most costly in the US? | [
"What item for sale in 2000 Seattle was some of the most costly in the US?"
] | {
"text": [
"real estate"
],
"answer_start": [
942
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109668 | 5728f7df4b864d1900165138 | Samurai | A samurai could divorce his wife for a variety of reasons with approval from a superior, but divorce was, while not entirely nonexistent, a rare event. A wife's failure to produce a son was cause for divorce, but adoption of a male heir was considered an acceptable alternative to divorce. A samurai could divorce for pe... | How common was divorce for samurai? | How common was divorce for samurai? | [
"How common was divorce for samurai?"
] | {
"text": [
"rare"
],
"answer_start": [
140
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31257 | 5a63abd47f3c80001a150b01 | Germans | The migration-period peoples who later coalesced into a "German" ethnicity were the Germanic tribes of the Saxons, Franci, Thuringii, Alamanni and Bavarii. These five tribes, sometimes with inclusion of the Frisians, are considered as the major groups to take part in the formation of the Germans. The varieties of the G... | What modern ethnic group was formed by 6 migrating tribes? | What modern ethnic group was formed by 6 migrating tribes? | [
"What modern ethnic group was formed by 6 migrating tribes?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109352 | 5a1c89fcb4fb5d001871468c | Dutch_Republic | Most of the Low Countries had come under the rule of the House of Burgundy and subsequently the House of Habsburg. In 1549 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V issued the Pragmatic Sanction, which further unified the Seventeen Provinces under his rule. Charles was succeeded by his son, King Philip II of Spain. In 1568 the Neth... | When did the House of Burgundy issue the Pragmatic Sanction? | When did the House of Burgundy issue the Pragmatic Sanction? | [
"When did the House of Burgundy issue the Pragmatic Sanction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54014 | 5ad3e62f604f3c001a3ff5c1 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | Battles which are particularly notable to the Canadian military include the Battle of Vimy Ridge, the Dieppe Raid, the Battle of Ortona, the Battle of Passchendaele, the Normandy Landings, the Battle for Caen, the Battle of the Scheldt, the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic, the strategic bombing of German ... | What Battle in France was the Canadian Military not known for? | What Battle in France was the Canadian Military not known for? | [
" What Battle in France was the Canadian Military not known for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29539 | 570c2b046b8089140040fba5 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | According to the apocryphal Gospel of James, Mary was the daughter of Saint Joachim and Saint Anne. Before Mary's conception, Anne had been barren and was far advanced in years. Mary was given to service as a consecrated virgin in the Temple in Jerusalem when she was three years old, much like Hannah took Samuel to the... | How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin? | How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin? | [
"How old was Mary when she was consecrated as a virgin?"
] | {
"text": [
"three years old"
],
"answer_start": [
268
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103129 | 571a98164faf5e1900b8aafb | Multiracial_American | Americans with Sub-Saharan African ancestry for historical reasons: slavery, partus sequitur ventrem, one-eighth law, the one-drop rule of 20th-century legislation, have frequently been classified as black (historically) or African American, even if they have significant European American or Native American ancestry. A... | What caused lower classification status for African Americans? | What caused lower classification status for African Americans? | [
"What caused lower classification status for African Americans?"
] | {
"text": [
"slavery became a racial caste"
],
"answer_start": [
322
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69778 | 5ad497fcba00c4001a268ce3 | Windows_8 | Windows 8 provides heavier integration with online services from Microsoft and others. A user can now log in to Windows with a Microsoft account, which can be used to access services and synchronize applications and settings between devices. Windows 8 also ships with a client app for Microsoft's SkyDrive cloud storage ... | What Xbox One apps were bundled together? | What Xbox One apps were bundled together? | [
"What Xbox One apps were bundled together?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23464 | 5ad146d9645df0001a2d1511 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | In 2002, a three judge panel on the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals held that classroom recitation of the Pledge of Allegiance in a California public school was unconstitutional, even when students were not compelled to recite it, due to the inclusion of the phrase "under God." In reaction to the case, Elk Grove Unified... | Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow not overturned? | Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow not overturned? | [
"Why was the case of Elk Grove Unified School District v. Newdow not overturned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17188 | 5ad11f4a645df0001a2d0e4b | Uranium | An additional 4.6 billion tonnes of uranium are estimated to be in sea water (Japanese scientists in the 1980s showed that extraction of uranium from sea water using ion exchangers was technically feasible). There have been experiments to extract uranium from sea water, but the yield has been low due to the carbonate p... | Where were ORNL's results unverified? | Where were ORNL's results unverified? | [
"Where were ORNL's results unverified?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88620 | 56db7092e7c41114004b5107 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Hong Kong: The event was held in Hong Kong on May 2. In the ceremony held at the Hong Kong Cultural Centre in Tsim Sha Tsui, Chief Executive Donald Tsang handed the torch to the first torchbearer, Olympic medalist Lee Lai Shan. The torch relay then traveled through Nathan Road, Lantau Link, Sha Tin (crossed Shing Mun ... | When was the relay event held in Hong Kong? | When was the relay event held in Hong Kong? | [
"When was the relay event held in Hong Kong?"
] | {
"text": [
"May 2."
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
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