gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-74808 | 570e737a0dc6ce1900205099 | Melbourne | The city is recognised for its mix of modern architecture which intersects with an extensive range of nineteenth and early twentieth century buildings. Some of the most architecturally noteworthy historic buildings include the World Heritage Site-listed Royal Exhibition Building, constructed over a two-year period for ... | What style of architecture is the A.C. Goode House? | What style of architecture is the A.C. Goode House? | [
"What style of architecture is the A.C. Goode House?"
] | {
"text": [
"Neo Gothic"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76615 | 572a9d6134ae481900deabd2 | Philadelphia | The state government left Philadelphia in 1799, and the federal government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800 with completion of the White House and Capitol. The city remained the young nation's largest with a population of nearly 50,000 at the turn of the 19th century; it was a financial and cultural center. Before 1... | What religion did the black community found? | What religion did the black community found? | [
"What religion did the black community found?"
] | {
"text": [
"African Methodist Episcopal Church"
],
"answer_start": [
362
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67470 | 5a1082ca06e79900185c33db | Hanover | Various industrial businesses are located in Hannover. The Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles Transporter (VWN) factory at Hannover-Stöcken is the biggest employer in the region and operates a huge plant at the northern edge of town adjoining the Mittellandkanal and Motorway A2. Jointly with a factory of German tire and au... | What types of company does Hanover have that operate around the world? | What types of company does Hanover have that operate around the world? | [
"What types of company does Hanover have that operate around the world?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100950 | 5a5e497a5bc9f4001a75aebd | Hindu_philosophy | The Vaiśeṣika philosophy is a naturalist school; it is a form of atomism in natural philosophy. It postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu (atoms), and one's experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements),... | Who coined the term paramanu? | Who coined the term paramanu? | [
"Who coined the term paramanu?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112602 | 5acec88e32bba1001ae4b3e0 | United_States_Army | During the Cold War, American troops and their allies fought Communist forces in Korea and Vietnam. The Korean War began in 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a U.N. Security meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent the takeover of ... | In what year did the Vietnam War end? | In what year did the Vietnam War end? | [
"In what year did the Vietnam War end?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115454 | 56eaadd55a205f1900d6d3f0 | Political_corruption | The World Bank collects a range of data on corruption, including survey responses from over 100,000 firms worldwide and a set of indicators of governance and institutional quality. Moreover, one of the six dimensions of governance measured by the Worldwide Governance Indicators is Control of Corruption, which is define... | One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what? | One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what? | [
"One of the dimensions is the extent to which power is exercised for personal gain, which is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Control of Corruption"
],
"answer_start": [
282
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16773 | 572abd0734ae481900deaca5 | Friedrich_Hayek | His opponents have attacked Hayek as a leading promoter of "neoliberalism". A British scholar, Samuel Brittan, concluded in 2010, "Hayek's book [The Constitution of Liberty] is still probably the most comprehensive statement of the underlying ideas of the moderate free market philosophy espoused by neoliberals." Britta... | Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Hayek's? | Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Hayek's? | [
"Whose ideals does Brittan believe to win out over Hayek's?"
] | {
"text": [
"Raymond Plant"
],
"answer_start": [
341
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104656 | 573332054776f41900660774 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Lower interest rates encouraged borrowing. From 2000 to 2003, the Federal Reserve lowered the federal funds rate target from 6.5% to 1.0%. This was done to soften the effects of the collapse of the dot-com bubble and the September 2001 terrorist attacks, as well as to combat a perceived risk of deflation. As early as 2... | Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003? | Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003? | [
"Was was the federal funds rate target lowered to by the Federal Reserve in 2003?"
] | {
"text": [
"1.0%"
],
"answer_start": [
133
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109310 | 5727a5dd2ca10214002d92d0 | Carnival | The Carnival in Uruguay covers more than 40 days, generally beginning towards the end of January and running through mid March. Celebrations in Montevideo are the largest. The festival is performed in the European parade style with elements from Bantu and Angolan Benguela cultures imported with slaves in colonial times... | How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for? | How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for? | [
"How many days does the Carnival in Uruguay last for?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than 40"
],
"answer_start": [
31
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5816 | 5ad29983d7d075001a429b74 | House_music | In Britain, further experiments in the genre boosted its appeal. House and rave clubs such as Lakota and Cream emerged across Britain, hosting house and dance scene events. The 'chilling out' concept developed in Britain with ambient house albums such as The KLF's Chill Out and Analogue Bubblebath by Aphex Twin. The Go... | Who transformed happy mondays' "Little Fluffy Clouds" into a dance hit? | Who transformed happy mondays' "Little Fluffy Clouds" into a dance hit? | [
"Who transformed happy mondays' \"Little Fluffy Clouds\" into a dance hit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27210 | 5a57d821770dc0001aeefe07 | Orthodox_Judaism | Orthodox Judaism collectively considers itself the only true heir to the Jewish tradition. The Orthodox Jewish movements consider all non-Orthodox Jewish movements to be unacceptable deviations from authentic Judaism; both because of other denominations' doubt concerning the verbal revelation of Written and Oral Torah,... | What is the acceptance of the Witten and Oral Torah considered to be? | What is the acceptance of the Witten and Oral Torah considered to be? | [
"What is the acceptance of the Witten and Oral Torah considered to be?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89697 | 573030fda23a5019007fcf3e | The_Blitz | Whitehall's disquiet at the failures of the RAF led to the replacement of Dowding (who was already due for retirement) with Sholto Douglas on 25 November. Douglas set about introducing more squadrons and dispersing the few GL sets to create a carpet effect in the southern counties. Still, in February 1941, there remain... | How many pilots remained in February 1941? | How many pilots remained in February 1941? | [
"How many pilots remained in February 1941?"
] | {
"text": [
"87 pilots"
],
"answer_start": [
349
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86414 | 5a6127e5e9e1cc001a33cfb8 | Gymnastics | In a tumbling pass, dismount or vault, landing is the final phase, following take off and flight This is a critical skill in terms of execution in competition scores, general performance, and injury occurrence. Without the necessary magnitude of energy dissipation during impact, the risk of sustaining injuries during ... | In what kind of landing are the knee and hip joints at less than 63 degrees of flexion? | In what kind of landing are the knee and hip joints at less than 63 degrees of flexion? | [
"In what kind of landing are the knee and hip joints at less than 63 degrees of flexion? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104069 | 5a07d58c0ff9ab00181693e7 | Infrared | Infrared is used in night vision equipment when there is insufficient visible light to see. Night vision devices operate through a process involving the conversion of ambient light photons into electrons that are then amplified by a chemical and electrical process and then converted back into visible light. Infrared li... | What do night vision devices convert electrons into? | What do night vision devices convert electrons into? | [
"What do night vision devices convert electrons into?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27232 | 570990a2200fba14003681a6 | Orthodox_Judaism | For guidance in practical application of Jewish law, the majority of Orthodox Jews appeal to the Shulchan Aruch ("Code of Jewish Law" composed in the 16th century by Rabbi Joseph Caro) together with its surrounding commentaries. Thus, at a general level, there is a large degree of uniformity amongst all Orthodox Jews. ... | Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details? | Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details? | [
"Why are the codes and responsa different in regards to details?"
] | {
"text": [
"philosophical differences"
],
"answer_start": [
629
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78862 | 56d118ce17492d1400aab926 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess is an action-adventure game focused on combat, exploration, and item collection. It uses the basic control scheme introduced in Ocarina of Time, including context-sensitive action buttons and L-targeting (Z-targeting on the Wii), a system that allows the player to keep Link's view... | What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat? | What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat? | [
"What 2 main weapons does Link use in combat?"
] | {
"text": [
"sword and shield"
],
"answer_start": [
509
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92964 | 5733b38fd058e614000b60ac | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is officially a republic, and holds elections for the presidency and parliament, operating under a presidential system. It is, however, a dominant-party system, where the People's Democratic Party of Tajikistan routinely has a vast majority in Parliament. Emomalii Rahmon has held the office of President of T... | What type of government does Tajikistan have? | What type of government does Tajikistan have? | [
"What type of government does Tajikistan have?"
] | {
"text": [
"a republic"
],
"answer_start": [
25
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74583 | 5ace6e1832bba1001ae4a688 | Asphalt | Synthetic crude oil, also known as syncrude, is the output from a bitumen upgrader facility used in connection with oil sand production in Canada. Bituminous sands are mined using enormous (100 ton capacity) power shovels and loaded into even larger (400 ton capacity) dump trucks for movement to an upgrading facility. ... | A cold water process is used when extracting bitumen from what? | A cold water process is used when extracting bitumen from what? | [
"A cold water process is used when extracting bitumen from what?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21979 | 570af1386b8089140040f628 | Aircraft_carrier | The current US fleet of Nimitz-class carriers will be followed into service (and in some cases replaced) by the ten-ship Gerald R. Ford class. It is expected that the ships will be more automated in an effort to reduce the amount of funding required to staff, maintain and operate its supercarriers. The main new feature... | When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned? | When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned? | [
"When is the USS Enterprise scheduled to be decommissioned?"
] | {
"text": [
"2016"
],
"answer_start": [
549
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7906 | 5acfcea677cf76001a6860fa | Copyright_infringement | In a study published in the Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, and reported on in early May 2014, researchers from the University of Portsmouth in the UK discussed findings from examining the illegal downloading behavior of 6,000 Finnish people, aged seven to 84. The list of reasons for downloading give... | What was the age range of dogs studied? | What was the age range of dogs studied? | [
"What was the age range of dogs studied?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47410 | 572f7e5ca23a5019007fc687 | Armenia | The exonym Armenia is attested in the Old Persian Behistun Inscription (515 BC) as Armina ( ). The ancient Greek terms Ἀρμενία (Armenía) and Ἀρμένιοι (Arménioi, "Armenians") are first mentioned by Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC). Xenophon, a Greek general serving in some of the Persian expeditions, desc... | What name did Armenia gain it's name from? | What name did Armenia gain it's name from? | [
"What name did Armenia gain it's name from?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aram"
],
"answer_start": [
609
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101407 | 5ad28c20d7d075001a4299f4 | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | In an effort to demonstrate peaceful intentions toward Germany, on 13 April 1941, the Soviets signed a neutrality pact with Axis power Japan. While Stalin had little faith in Japan's commitment to neutrality, he felt that the pact was important for its political symbolism, to reinforce a public affection for Germany. S... | Who did the Soviet Union disagree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April? | Who did the Soviet Union disagree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April? | [
"Who did the Soviet Union disagree to remain neutral with when they signed a treaty on the 13th of April?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81114 | 5724f0d20a492a1900435684 | Queen_Victoria | Victoria's self-imposed isolation from the public diminished the popularity of the monarchy, and encouraged the growth of the republican movement. She did undertake her official government duties, yet chose to remain secluded in her royal residences—Windsor Castle, Osborne House, and the private estate in Scotland that... | Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances? | Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances? | [
"Where did Victoria visit after Leopold advised her to make more public appearances? "
] | {
"text": [
"the gardens of the Royal Horticultural Society at Kensington"
],
"answer_start": [
658
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86445 | 570ce9e1b3d812140066d30a | Gymnastics | Aerobic gymnastics (formally Sport Aerobics) involves the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness rather than acrobatic or balance skills. Routines are performed for all individuals on a 7x7m floor and also for 12–14 and 15-17... | What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve? | What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve? | [
"What does aerobic gymnastiscs involve?"
] | {
"text": [
"the performance of routines by individuals, pairs, trios or groups up to 6 people, emphasizing strength, flexibility, and aerobic fitness"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9575 | 5725c79b38643c19005accdd | Montevideo | Montevideo has over 50 hotels, mostly located within the downtown area or along the beachfront of the Rambla de Montevideo. Many of the hotels are in the modern, western style, such as the Sheraton Montevideo, the Radisson Montevideo Victoria Plaza Hotel located on the central Plaza Independencia, and the Plaza Fuerte ... | How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have? | How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have? | [
"How many rooms does The Radisson Montevideo have?"
] | {
"text": [
"232"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40807 | 5726c0da5951b619008f7d39 | Predation | Classification of predators by the extent to which they feed on and interact with their prey is one way ecologists may wish to categorize the different types of predation. Instead of focusing on what they eat, this system classifies predators by the way in which they eat, and the general nature of the interaction betwe... | The study in which ecologists examine the way predators interact with their prey is called what? | The study in which ecologists examine the way predators interact with their prey is called what? | [
"The study in which ecologists examine the way predators interact with their prey is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"predation"
],
"answer_start": [
161
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81049 | 5723e6740dadf01500fa1f8b | Queen_Victoria | In 1830, the Duchess of Kent and Conroy took Victoria across the centre of England to visit the Malvern Hills, stopping at towns and great country houses along the way. Similar journeys to other parts of England and Wales were taken in 1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835. To the King's annoyance, Victoria was enthusiastically we... | What years were journeys similar to the Queen trip to Melvern Hills made? | What years were journeys similar to the Queen trip to Melvern Hills made? | [
"What years were journeys similar to the Queen trip to Melvern Hills made?"
] | {
"text": [
"1832, 1833, 1834 and 1835"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85306 | 5727fb683acd2414000df16c | European_Central_Bank | The primary objective of the European Central Bank, as mandated in Article 2 of the Statute of the ECB, is to maintain price stability within the Eurozone. The basic tasks, as defined in Article 3 of the Statute, are to define and implement the monetary policy for the Eurozone, to conduct foreign exchange operations, t... | What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes? | What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes? | [
"What gives the ECB the right to authorise the issuance of euro banknotes?"
] | {
"text": [
"Article 16 of its Statute"
],
"answer_start": [
618
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37773 | 5728d611ff5b5019007da7d3 | London | The largest parks in the central area of London are three of the eight Royal Parks, namely Hyde Park and its neighbour Kensington Gardens in the west, and Regent's Park to the north. Hyde Park in particular is popular for sports and sometimes hosts open-air concerts. Regent's Park contains London Zoo, the world's oldes... | What area of Regent's Park is an excellent spot to see the London skyline? | What area of Regent's Park is an excellent spot to see the London skyline? | [
"What area of Regent's Park is an excellent spot to see the London skyline?"
] | {
"text": [
"Primrose Hill"
],
"answer_start": [
404
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48365 | 56fa5330f34c681400b0c07f | Wood | Wood unsuitable for construction in its native form may be broken down mechanically (into fibers or chips) or chemically (into cellulose) and used as a raw material for other building materials, such as engineered wood, as well as chipboard, hardboard, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF). Such wood derivatives are wide... | What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers? | What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers? | [
"What widely-used product is almost always made of wood fibers?"
] | {
"text": [
"paper"
],
"answer_start": [
376
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44716 | 56f8a1fa9e9bad19000a0213 | Gene | The expression of genes encoded in DNA begins by transcribing the gene into RNA, a second type of nucleic acid that is very similar to DNA, but whose monomers contain the sugar ribose rather than deoxyribose. RNA also contains the base uracil in place of thymine. RNA molecules are less stable than DNA and are typically... | What base does RNA have in place of thymine? | What base does RNA have in place of thymine? | [
"What base does RNA have in place of thymine?"
] | {
"text": [
"the base uracil"
],
"answer_start": [
227
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38654 | 570c33b8ec8fbc190045bd97 | FC_Barcelona | Barça beat Athletic Bilbao 4–1 in the 2009 Copa del Rey Final, winning the competition for a record-breaking 25th time. A historic 2–6 victory against Real Madrid followed three days later and ensured that Barcelona became La Liga champions for the 2008–09 season. Barça finished the season by beating the previous year'... | What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season? | What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season? | [
"What team did Barcelona beat to win La Liga for the 2008-09 season?"
] | {
"text": [
"Real Madrid"
],
"answer_start": [
151
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111479 | 57321b19b9d445190005e7fb | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Military settlement within the empire and at its borders broadened the context of Romanitas. Rome's citizen-soldiers set up altars to multiple deities, including their traditional gods, the Imperial genius and local deities – sometimes with the usefully open-ended dedication to the diis deabusque omnibus (all the gods ... | To whom did Roman soldiers set up alters? | To whom did Roman soldiers set up alters? | [
"To whom did Roman soldiers set up alters?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditional gods"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81679 | 5706352452bb891400689967 | Atlantic_City,_New_Jersey | In the wake of the closures and declining revenue from casinos, Governor Christie said in September 2014 that the state would consider a 2015 referendum to end the 40-year-old monopoly that Atlantic City holds on casino gambling and allowing gambling in other municipalities. With casino revenue declining from $5.2 bill... | How much was casino revenue in 2006? | How much was casino revenue in 2006? | [
"How much was casino revenue in 2006?"
] | {
"text": [
"$5.2 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
311
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100042 | 572b530a34ae481900dead89 | Guam | Post-European-contact Chamorro culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions, with few remaining indigenous pre-Hispanic customs. These influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing, games (such as batu, chonk... | Which two major holidays become popular in Guam? | Which two major holidays become popular in Guam? | [
"Which two major holidays become popular in Guam?"
] | {
"text": [
"Easter and Christmas"
],
"answer_start": [
506
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66034 | 571a375c10f8ca1400304f6e | Seattle | Seattle is home to the University of Washington, as well as the institution's professional and continuing education unit, the University of Washington Educational Outreach. A study by Newsweek International in 2006 cited the University of Washington as the twenty-second best university in the world. Seattle also has a ... | What is the purpose of the University of Washington Outreach? | What is the purpose of the University of Washington Outreach? | [
"What is the purpose of the University of Washington Outreach?"
] | {
"text": [
"continuing education"
],
"answer_start": [
95
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76555 | 57338992d058e614000b5cd8 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | French cuisine, West Indian cuisine, Creole cuisine, Italian cuisine and Asian cuisine are common in St. Barthélemy. The island has over 70 restaurants serving many dishes and others are a significant number of gourmet restaurants; many of the finest restaurants are located in the hotels. There are also a number of sna... | How many restaurants does the island have? | How many restaurants does the island have? | [
"How many restaurants does the island have?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 70"
],
"answer_start": [
132
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23908 | 5acfbf1677cf76001a685c2c | Federalism | In modern times, a process of devolution in the United Kingdom has decentralised power once again. Since the 1997 referendums in Scotland and Wales and the Good Friday Agreement in Northern Ireland, three of the four constituent countries of the UK now have some level of autonomy. Government has been devolved to the Sc... | What has the process of revolution in the UK did? | What has the process of revolution in the UK did? | [
"What has the process of revolution in the UK did?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110320 | 572809bfff5b5019007d9b91 | Culture | In the United States, "Cultural Studies" focuses largely on the study of popular culture, that is, on the social meanings of mass-produced consumer and leisure goods. Richard Hoggart coined the term in 1964 when he founded the Birmingham Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies or CCCS. It has since become strongly ass... | The CCCS has since been associated with who? | The CCCS has since been associated with who? | [
"The CCCS has since been associated with who?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stuart Hall"
],
"answer_start": [
333
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66461 | 572890ab3acd2414000dfb34 | Brigham_Young_University | Beyond this, BYU also runs a very large study abroad program, with satellite centers in London, Jerusalem, and Paris, as well as more than 20 other sites. Nearly 2,000 students take advantage of these programs yearly. In 2001, the Institute of International Education ranked BYU as the number one university in the U.S. ... | How did the Institute of International Education rank BYU in 2009 compared with U.S. universities that offer study abroad opportunities? | How did the Institute of International Education rank BYU in 2009 compared with U.S. universities that offer study abroad opportunities? | [
"How did the Institute of International Education rank BYU in 2009 compared with U.S. universities that offer study abroad opportunities?"
] | {
"text": [
"number one"
],
"answer_start": [
286
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9863 | 5727fd81ff5b5019007d9a51 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 5 March, Nasser's security coterie arrested thousands of participants in the uprising. As a ruse to rally opposition against a return to the pre-1952 order, the RCC decreed an end to restrictions on monarchy-era parties and the Free Officers' withdrawal from politics. The RCC succeeded in provoking the beneficiaries... | What nation tried to mediate between Nasser and Naguib? | What nation tried to mediate between Nasser and Naguib? | [
"What nation tried to mediate between Nasser and Naguib?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saudi Arabia"
],
"answer_start": [
947
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5070 | 56e14848cd28a01900c6773c | Boston | A global city, Boston is placed among the top 30 most economically powerful cities in the world. Encompassing $363 billion, the Greater Boston metropolitan area has the sixth-largest economy in the country and 12th-largest in the world. | What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy? | What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy? | [
"What ranking in the world does greater Boston metro hold as far as economy?"
] | {
"text": [
"12th-largest"
],
"answer_start": [
210
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107221 | 5734606cacc1501500babe4d | Hunting | In the 19th century, southern and central European sport hunters often pursued game only for a trophy, usually the head or pelt of an animal, which was then displayed as a sign of prowess. The rest of the animal was typically discarded. Some cultures, however, disapprove of such waste. In Nordic countries, hunting for ... | What countries frowned upon this hunting? | What countries frowned upon this hunting? | [
"What countries frowned upon this hunting?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nordic"
],
"answer_start": [
290
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6882 | 5731322905b4da19006bce8e | Red | Red was also a badge of rank. During the Song dynasty (906–1279), officials of the top three ranks wore purple clothes; those of the fourth and fifth wore bright red; those of the sixth and seventh wore green; and the eighth and ninth wore blue. Red was the color worn by the royal guards of honor, and the color of the ... | During what years did the Song dynasty occur? | During what years did the Song dynasty occur? | [
"During what years did the Song dynasty occur?"
] | {
"text": [
"906–1279"
],
"answer_start": [
55
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2609 | 56d2726659d6e41400145ff9 | Buddhism | During the period of Late Mahayana Buddhism, four major types of thought developed: Madhyamaka, Yogacara, Tathagatagarbha, and Buddhist Logic as the last and most recent. In India, the two main philosophical schools of the Mahayana were the Madhyamaka and the later Yogacara. According to Dan Lusthaus, Madhyamaka and Yo... | What was the latest thought type? | What was the latest thought type? | [
"What was the latest thought type?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buddhist Logic"
],
"answer_start": [
127
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109742 | 5728ff866aef05140015495f | Samurai | Most common are historical works where the protagonist is either a samurai or former samurai (or another rank or position) who possesses considerable martial skill. Eiji Yoshikawa is one of the most famous Japanese historical novelists. His retellings of popular works, including Taiko, Musashi and Heike Tale, are popul... | What are Japanese animation called? | What are Japanese animation called? | [
"What are Japanese animation called?"
] | {
"text": [
"anime"
],
"answer_start": [
523
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6891 | 573132d505b4da19006bce97 | Red | Red was also featured in Chinese Imperial architecture. In the Tang and Song Dynasties, gates of palaces were usually painted red, and nobles often painted their entire mansion red. One of the most famous works of Chinese literature, A Dream of Red Mansions by Cao Xueqin (1715–1763), was about the lives of noble women ... | who wrote A dream of Red Mansions? | who wrote A dream of Red Mansions? | [
"who wrote A dream of Red Mansions?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cao Xueqin"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38481 | 5acd132607355d001abf3372 | Materialism | The French cleric Pierre Gassendi (1592-1665) represented the materialist tradition in opposition to the attempts of René Descartes (1596-1650) to provide the natural sciences with dualist foundations. There followed the materialist and atheist abbé Jean Meslier (1664-1729), Julien Offray de La Mettrie, the German-Fren... | Who agreed with Pierre Gassendi? | Who agreed with Pierre Gassendi? | [
"Who agreed with Pierre Gassendi?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85569 | 5ad2a4f3d7d075001a429da6 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households. By 1990, 30% of American households owned the NES, compared to 23% for all personal computers. By 1990, the NES had outsold all previously released consoles worldwide.[better sourc... | In June 1987 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing? | In June 1987 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing? | [
"In June 1987 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37902 | 572ff12ea23a5019007fcb79 | Roman_Republic | The extensive campaigning abroad by Roman generals, and the rewarding of soldiers with plunder on these campaigns, led to a general trend of soldiers becoming increasingly loyal to their generals rather than to the state. Rome was also plagued by several slave uprisings during this period, in part because vast tracts o... | Who was greater in numbers than the Roman slave masters? | Who was greater in numbers than the Roman slave masters? | [
"Who was greater in numbers than the Roman slave masters?"
] | {
"text": [
"the slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
373
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26917 | 5709e0746d058f1900182be6 | United_States_dollar | Usually, the short-term goal of open market operations is to achieve a specific short-term interest rate target. In other instances, monetary policy might instead entail the targeting of a specific exchange rate relative to some foreign currency or else relative to gold. For example, in the case of the United States th... | What is the short term goal of open market operations? | What is the short term goal of open market operations? | [
"What is the short term goal of open market operations?"
] | {
"text": [
"achieve a specific short-term interest rate target"
],
"answer_start": [
61
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95775 | 5726f08ef1498d1400e8f07f | Yale_University | While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range ... | Who are the Yale colleges named after? | Who are the Yale colleges named after? | [
"Who are the Yale colleges named after?"
] | {
"text": [
"important alumni or significant places in university history"
],
"answer_start": [
377
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102227 | 5ad3abec604f3c001a3feb98 | High-definition_television | In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided ab... | Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio? | Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio? | [
"Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7153 | 5731584905b4da19006bd080 | Red | Red, blue, and white are also the Pan-Slavic colors adopted by the Slavic solidarity movement of the late nineteenth century. Initially these were the colors of the Russian flag; as the Slavic movement grew, they were adopted by other Slavic peoples including Slovaks, Slovenes, and Serbs. The flags of the Czech Republi... | What is in the middle of the Georgian flag? | What is in the middle of the Georgian flag? | [
"What is in the middle of the Georgian flag?"
] | {
"text": [
"one big red cross"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87369 | 56cf477faab44d1400b88f15 | To_Kill_a_Mockingbird | In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black... | Who is Atticus Finch's sibling? | Who is Atticus Finch's sibling? | [
"Who is Atticus Finch's sibling?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aunt Alexandra"
],
"answer_start": [
474
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111405 | 5731fb920fdd8d15006c66bc | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | In the Graeco-Roman world, practitioners of magic were known as magi (singular magus), a "foreign" title of Persian priests. Apuleius, defending himself against accusations of casting magic spells, defined the magician as "in popular tradition (more vulgari)... someone who, because of his community of speech with the i... | To what did the term magi originally refer? | To what did the term magi originally refer? | [
"To what did the term magi originally refer?"
] | {
"text": [
"Persian priests"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109532 | 5728eb743acd2414000e01d1 | Samurai | Following the Battle of Hakusukinoe against Tang China and Silla in 663 AD that led to a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs, Japan underwent widespread reform. One of the most important was that of the Taika Reform, issued by Prince Naka no Ōe (Emperor Tenji) in 646 AD. This edict allowed the Japanese aristocracy to ... | What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe? | What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe? | [
"What was the effect of the Battle of Hakusukinoe?"
] | {
"text": [
"a Japanese retreat from Korean affairs"
],
"answer_start": [
87
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36710 | 5a848dab7cf838001a46a91f | Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives | The roles and responsibilities of the minority leader are not well-defined. To a large extent, the functions of the minority leader are defined by tradition and custom. A minority leader from 1931 to 1939, Representative Bertrand Snell, R-N.Y., provided this "job description": "He is spokesman for his party and enuncia... | What are some of the duties of a majority leader? | What are some of the duties of a majority leader? | [
"What are some of the duties of a majority leader?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101954 | 5a5140ccce860b001aa3fc87 | States_of_Germany | A new delimitation of the federal territory keeps being debated in Germany, though "Some scholars note that there are significant differences among the American states and regional governments in other federations without serious calls for territorial changes ...", as political scientist Arthur B. Gunlicks remarks. He ... | What is a settled question in Germany? | What is a settled question in Germany? | [
"What is a settled question in Germany?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8491 | 5709a8ad200fba1400368225 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | The 1850 census saw a dramatic shift in the way information about residents was collected. For the first time, free persons were listed individually instead of by head of household. There were two questionnaires: one for free inhabitants and one for slaves. The question on the free inhabitants schedule about color was ... | How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census? | How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census? | [
"How were slaves listed in the 1850 US census?"
] | {
"text": [
"by owner"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53985 | 5ad38155604f3c001a3fe480 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The first overseas deployment of Canadian military forces occurred during the Second Boer War, when several units were raised to serve under British command. Similarly, when the United Kingdom entered into conflict with Germany in the First World War, Canadian troops were called to participate in European theatres. The... | Who entered into conflict with the United Kingdom during the First World War? | Who entered into conflict with the United Kingdom during the First World War? | [
"Who entered into conflict with the United Kingdom during the First World War?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96628 | 5727846ef1498d1400e8fa76 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Whereas most Christians believe the gibbet on which Jesus was executed was the traditional two-beamed cross, the Jehovah's Witnesses hold the view that a single upright stake was used. The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous. The Koine Greek terms used in the New Testament are st... | What causes the different accounts of the cross used? | What causes the different accounts of the cross used? | [
"What causes the different accounts of the cross used?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Greek and Latin words used in the earliest Christian writings are ambiguous"
],
"answer_start": [
185
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7961 | 5726d529dd62a815002e91a7 | Copyright_infringement | United States v. LaMacchia 871 F.Supp. 535 (1994) was a case decided by the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts which ruled that, under the copyright and cybercrime laws effective at the time, committing copyright infringement for non-commercial motives could not be prosecuted under criminal ... | If there is no profit involved, what would happen to criminal charges of fraud? | If there is no profit involved, what would happen to criminal charges of fraud? | [
"If there is no profit involved, what would happen to criminal charges of fraud?"
] | {
"text": [
"dismissed"
],
"answer_start": [
475
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110121 | 57102369a58dae1900cd68f8 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Opponents argue that the death penalty is not an effective means of deterring crime, risks the execution of the innocent, is unnecessarily barbaric in nature, cheapens human life, and puts a government on the same base moral level as those criminals involved in murder. Furthermore, some opponents argue that the arbitra... | According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government? | [
"According to death penalty opponents, on whose moral level does execution place the government?"
] | {
"text": [
"criminals involved in murder"
],
"answer_start": [
240
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76586 | 572a8d2834ae481900deab7b | Philadelphia | In 1682, William Penn founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia played an instrumental role in the American Revolution as a meeting place for the Founding Fathers of the United States, who signed the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Constitution in 1787. Philadelphia was o... | What purpose did Philadelphia serve while D.C. was under construction? | What purpose did Philadelphia serve while D.C. was under construction? | [
"What purpose did Philadelphia serve while D.C. was under construction?"
] | {
"text": [
"temporary U.S. capital"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8168 | 5ad0193b77cf76001a6869da | Copyright_infringement | In 2007, the Institute for Policy Innovation (IPI) reported that music piracy took $12.5 billion from the U.S. economy. According to the study, musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy. Retailers have lost over a billion dollars, while... | Who reported that piracy gained $12.5 billion for the U.S. economy? | Who reported that piracy gained $12.5 billion for the U.S. economy? | [
"Who reported that piracy gained $12.5 billion for the U.S. economy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88212 | 572c0ccddfb02c14005c6b78 | God | Adherents of different religions generally disagree as to how to best worship God and what is God's plan for mankind, if there is one. There are different approaches to reconciling the contradictory claims of monotheistic religions. One view is taken by exclusivists, who believe they are the chosen people or have exclu... | What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions? | What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions? | [
"What is it called when someone belives that their own religion is an advancement of older religions?"
] | {
"text": [
"supersessionism"
],
"answer_start": [
663
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33320 | 5ad1a9b2645df0001a2d219c | Incandescent_light_bulb | Very small lamps may have the filament support wires extended through the base of the lamp, and can be directly soldered to a printed circuit board for connections. Some reflector-type lamps include screw terminals for connection of wires. Most lamps have metal bases that fit in a socket to support the lamp and conduct... | What year was the Mazda trademark rejected? | What year was the Mazda trademark rejected? | [
"What year was the Mazda trademark rejected?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60566 | 5ace390232bba1001ae49f15 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | Pfizer, once the city's second largest employer, operated a large pharmaceutical research facility on the northeast side of Ann Arbor. On 22 January 2007, Pfizer announced it would close operations in Ann Arbor by the end of 2008. The facility was previously operated by Warner-Lambert and, before that, Parke-Davis. In ... | What month in 2007 did the University of Michigan Board of Regents approve the purchase of the facilities? | What month in 2007 did the University of Michigan Board of Regents approve the purchase of the facilities? | [
"What month in 2007 did the University of Michigan Board of Regents approve the purchase of the facilities?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58671 | 572a9a1cbe1ee31400cb80a2 | Rajasthan | The first mention of the name "Rajasthan" appears in James Tod's 1829 publication Annals and Antiquities of Rajast'han or the Central and Western Rajpoot States of India, while the earliest known record of "Rajputana" as a name for the region is in George Thomas's 1800 memoir Military Memories. John Keay, in his book I... | In what year did George Thomas write the memoir known as Military Memories? | In what year did George Thomas write the memoir known as Military Memories? | [
"In what year did George Thomas write the memoir known as Military Memories?"
] | {
"text": [
"1800"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20971 | 56dd374a66d3e219004dac6e | Prime_minister | The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria... | Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government? | Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government? | [
"Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government?"
] | {
"text": [
"Germany and Austria"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86258 | 57343f804776f41900661af7 | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson is known for being a trailblazer in voluntary partial publicly financed campaigns. Since 1985, both mayoral and council candidates have been eligible to receive matching public funds from the city. To become eligible, council candidates must receive 200 donations of $10 or more (300 for a mayoral candidate). Can... | When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding? | When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding? | [
"When did Tucson begin offering city council candidates public funding?"
] | {
"text": [
"1985"
],
"answer_start": [
96
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45807 | 5731a7c9e99e3014001e61af | YouTube | Observing that face-to-face communication of the type that online videos convey has been "fine-tuned by millions of years of evolution", TED curator Chris Anderson referred to several YouTube contributors and asserted that "what Gutenberg did for writing, online video can now do for face-to-face communication". Anderso... | What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize? | What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize? | [
"What surprising feature does youtube possibly have the chance to revolutionize? "
] | {
"text": [
"face-to-face communication"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56320 | 57277f5e708984140094df37 | Nonprofit_organization | Capacity building is an ongoing problem experienced by NPOs for a number of reasons. Most rely on external funding (government funds, grants from charitable foundations, direct donations) to maintain their operations and changes in these sources of revenue may influence the reliability or predictability with which the ... | When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted? | When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted? | [
"When was the Nonprofit Sector and Community Solutions Act adopted?"
] | {
"text": [
"2010"
],
"answer_start": [
965
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33824 | 572676395951b619008f734f | Film_speed | Despite these detailed standard definitions, cameras typically do not clearly indicate whether the user "ISO" setting refers to the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes. Because the 1998 version of ISO 12232 did not permit mea... | What measures might the user "ISO" setting correspond to? | What measures might the user "ISO" setting correspond to? | [
"What measures might the user \"ISO\" setting correspond to?"
] | {
"text": [
"the noise-based speed, saturation-based speed, or the specified output sensitivity, or even some made-up number for marketing purposes"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74031 | 56de326dcffd8e1900b4b65e | Architecture | It is widely assumed that architectural success was the product of a process of trial and error, with progressively less trial and more replication as the results of the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in many parts of the world. Indeed, vernacul... | What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world? | What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world? | [
"What type of buildings are are built mostly through out the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"vernacular buildings"
],
"answer_start": [
312
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103359 | 5ad2cb64d7d075001a42a285 | Multiracial_American | In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, ... | What was the name of the woman Seth Eastman married? | What was the name of the woman Seth Eastman married? | [
"What was the name of the woman Seth Eastman married?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72997 | 56d3665c59d6e414001462e2 | American_Idol | American Idol employs a panel of judges who critique the contestants' performances. The original judges were record producer and music manager Randy Jackson, pop singer and choreographer Paula Abdul and music executive and manager Simon Cowell. The judging panel for the most recent season consisted of country singer Ke... | What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol? | What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol? | [
"What pop singer was an original judge on American Idol?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paula Abdul"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84046 | 5a7e336570df9f001a87554b | Translation | Translation has served as a school of writing for many authors. Translators, including monks who spread Buddhist texts in East Asia, and the early modern European translators of the Bible, in the course of their work have shaped the very languages into which they have translated. They have acted as bridges for conveyin... | Where were idioms and vocabulary hidden from? | Where were idioms and vocabulary hidden from? | [
"Where were idioms and vocabulary hidden from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12832 | 5ad30079604f3c001a3fdaa6 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | Cardinal priests are the most numerous of the three orders of cardinals in the Catholic Church, ranking above the cardinal deacons and below the cardinal bishops. Those who are named cardinal priests today are generally bishops of important dioceses throughout the world, though some hold Curial positions. | What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of? | What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of? | [
"What are those named cardinal popes today generally bishops of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97700 | 56d3a3df59d6e41400146861 | Frédéric_Chopin | With his mazurkas and polonaises, Chopin has been credited with introducing to music a new sense of nationalism. Schumann, in his 1836 review of the piano concertos, highlighted the composer's strong feelings for his native Poland, writing that "Now that the Poles are in deep mourning [after the failure of the November... | Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what? | Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what? | [
"Schumann described Chopin's music as cannons buried in what?"
] | {
"text": [
"flowers"
],
"answer_start": [
623
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109675 | 5728f8484b864d1900165143 | Samurai | Maintaining the household was the main duty of samurai women. This was especially crucial during early feudal Japan, when warrior husbands were often traveling abroad or engaged in clan battles. The wife, or okugatasama (meaning: one who remains in the home), was left to manage all household affairs, care for the child... | What was a naginata? | What was a naginata? | [
"What was a naginata?"
] | {
"text": [
"a polearm"
],
"answer_start": [
442
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48226 | 56fa1ee4f34c681400b0bfbd | Wood | In ring-porous species, such as ash, black locust, catalpa, chestnut, elm, hickory, mulberry, and oak, the larger vessels or pores (as cross sections of vessels are called) are localised in the part of the growth ring formed in spring, thus forming a region of more or less open and porous tissue. The rest of the ring, ... | What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees? | What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees? | [
"What species of hardwood are hickory and mulberry trees?"
] | {
"text": [
"ring-porous"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102248 | 5ad3ac48604f3c001a3febb7 | High-definition_television | Several systems were proposed as the new standard for the US, including the Japanese MUSE system, but all were rejected by the FCC because of their higher bandwidth requirements. At this time, the number of television channels was growing rapidly and bandwidth was already a problem. A new standard had to be more effici... | Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US? | Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US? | [
"Who rejected systems such as MUSE as the old standard for the US?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33414 | 56f9313f9b226e1400dd1285 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 13th Street is in three parts. The first is a dead end from Avenue C. The second starts at a dead end, just before Avenue B, and runs to Greenwich Avenue, and the third part is from Eighth Avenue to Tenth Avenue. | The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue? | The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue? | [
"The first part of 13th Street is a dead end from which Avenue?"
] | {
"text": [
"C"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44161 | 5a2ee86da83784001a7d2544 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Until the 1980s, the governor of the Federal District was appointed by the Federal Government, and the laws of Brasília were issued by the Brazilian Federal Senate. With the Constitution of 1988 Brasília gained the right to elect its Governor, and a District Assembly (Câmara Legislativa) was elected to exercise legisla... | What does the District Assembly not have currently? | What does the District Assembly not have currently? | [
"What does the District Assembly not have currently?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75768 | 5705eece75f01819005e778b | The_Times | Thomas Barnes was appointed general editor in 1817. In the same year, the paper's printer James Lawson, died and passed the business onto his son John Joseph Lawson(1802–1852). Under the editorship of Barnes and his successor in 1841, John Thadeus Delane, the influence of The Times rose to great heights, especially in ... | In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member? | In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member? | [
"In 1817, The Times paper's printer James Lawson passed his business to which family member?"
] | {
"text": [
"his son"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92280 | 5728ce573acd2414000dfef8 | Asthma | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma and can occur as a complication of chronic asthma. After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD. In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, an... | Why is this not determined in a patient with COPD? | Why is this not determined in a patient with COPD? | [
"Why is this not determined in a patient with COPD?"
] | {
"text": [
"due to COPD and asthma sharing similar principles of management"
],
"answer_start": [
416
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104341 | 5ad213ded7d075001a428368 | Mandolin | In the early 20th century several mandolin orchestras (Estudiantinas) were active in Belgium. Today only a few groups remain: Royal Estudiantina la Napolitaine (founded in 1904) in Antwerp, Brasschaats mandoline orkest in Brasschaat and an orchestra in Mons (Bergen). Gerda Abts is a well known mandolin virtuoso in Belg... | Where is Gerda Abst not a professor mandolin? | Where is Gerda Abst not a professor mandolin? | [
" Where is Gerda Abst not a professor mandolin?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20726 | 56cd742662d2951400fa65d6 | IPod | On October 22, 2007, Apple reported quarterly revenue of US$6.22 billion, of which 30.69% came from Apple notebook sales, 19.22% from desktop sales and 26% from iPod sales. Apple's 2007 year revenue increased to US$24.01 billion with US$3.5 billion in profits. Apple ended the fiscal year 2007 with US$15.4 billion in ca... | How much money did Apple make in 2007? | How much money did Apple make in 2007? | [
"How much money did Apple make in 2007?"
] | {
"text": [
"$3.5 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
236
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44107 | 56cf88bf234ae51400d9be11 | Kanye_West | As of 2013, West has won a total of 21 Grammy Awards, making him one of the most awarded artists of all-time. About.com ranked Kanye West No. 8 on their "Top 50 Hip-Hop Producers" list. On May 16, 2008, Kanye West was crowned by MTV as the year's No. 1 "Hottest MC in the Game." On December 17, 2010, Kanye West was vote... | How many times has Kanye placed in the annual Time Magazine people list? | How many times has Kanye placed in the annual Time Magazine people list? | [
"How many times has Kanye placed in the annual Time Magazine people list?"
] | {
"text": [
"twice"
],
"answer_start": [
610
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104806 | 573363724776f41900660996 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed... | What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb? | What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb? | [
"What journalist from the New York Times stated his believe in Nassim Nicholas Taleb?"
] | {
"text": [
"David Brooks"
],
"answer_start": [
568
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48643 | 5a85e769b4e223001a8e72b7 | War_on_Terror | In 2002, the Musharraf-led government took a firm stand against the jihadi organizations and groups promoting extremism, and arrested Maulana Masood Azhar, head of the Jaish-e-Mohammed, and Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, chief of the Lashkar-e-Taiba, and took dozens of activists into custody. An official ban was imposed on the ... | Who led all of the jihadi organizations? | Who led all of the jihadi organizations? | [
"Who led all of the jihadi organizations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109341 | 5a1c8751b4fb5d0018714661 | Dutch_Republic | Until the 16th century, the Low Countries – corresponding roughly to the present-day Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg – consisted of a number of duchies, counties, and Prince-bishoprics, almost all of which were under the supremacy of the Holy Roman Empire, with the exception of the county of Flanders, which was un... | Until what century was the county of Flanders part of the Low Countries? | Until what century was the county of Flanders part of the Low Countries? | [
"Until what century was the county of Flanders part of the Low Countries?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79686 | 57314d1205b4da19006bd006 | Kievan_Rus%27 | Kievan Rus', although sparsely populated compared to Western Europe, was not only the largest contemporary European state in terms of area but also culturally advanced. Literacy in Kiev, Novgorod and other large cities was high. As birch bark documents attest, they exchanged love letters and prepared cheat sheets for s... | What were some of the rights women had during this time period? | What were some of the rights women had during this time period? | [
"What were some of the rights women had during this time period?"
] | {
"text": [
"property and inheritance rights"
],
"answer_start": [
561
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74534 | 5ace7c0d32bba1001ae4a7cb | Asphalt | Selenizza is mainly used as an additive in the road construction sector. It is mixed with traditional bitumen to improve both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing. It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of norm... | What may be mixed with cold bitumen in tanks? | What may be mixed with cold bitumen in tanks? | [
"What may be mixed with cold bitumen in tanks?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24109 | 5ad404f5604f3c001a3ffdfc | Bermuda | Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries. Hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2.1 m) sculpture, created by Bermudian sculptor Chesley Trott, is installed at the airport's baggage claim area. In 2010, his sculpture The Arrival was unveiled near the bay t... | Who created the 7 m sculpture installed at the airport? | Who created the 7 m sculpture installed at the airport? | [
"Who created the 7 m sculpture installed at the airport?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65348 | 57270653dd62a815002e97ea | Crimean_War | Many more artillery pieces had arrived and been dug into batteries. In June, a third bombardment was followed after two days by a successful attack on the Mamelon, but a follow-up assault on the Malakoff failed with heavy losses. During this time the garrison commander, Admiral Nakhimov fell on 30 June 1855.:378 Raglan... | Who was defeated at the battle of Tchernaya? | Who was defeated at the battle of Tchernaya? | [
"Who was defeated at the battle of Tchernaya?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Russians"
],
"answer_start": [
553
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43531 | 5726c303f1498d1400e8ea86 | Korean_War | On 25 September, Seoul was recaptured by South Korean forces. American air raids caused heavy damage to the KPA, destroying most of its tanks and much of its artillery. North Korean troops in the south, instead of effectively withdrawing north, rapidly disintegrated, leaving Pyongyang vulnerable. During the general ret... | What emergency session was called by Stalin? | What emergency session was called by Stalin? | [
"What emergency session was called by Stalin?"
] | {
"text": [
"Politburo"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40523 | 56e7627c37bdd419002c3f1d | Paper | Most commercial paper sold in North America is cut to standard paper sizes based on customary units and is defined by the length and width of a sheet of paper. | Commercial paper is commonly defined by what? | Commercial paper is commonly defined by what? | [
"Commercial paper is commonly defined by what?"
] | {
"text": [
"length and width"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
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