gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-52052 | 5ad381fb604f3c001a3fe4a6 | Miami | Miami and its suburbs are located on a broad plain between the Florida Everglades to the west and Biscayne Bay to the east, which also extends from Florida Bay north to Lake Okeechobee. The elevation of the area never rises above 40 ft (12 m) and averages at around 6 ft (1.8 m) above mean sea level in most neighborhood... | In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Mountain from Miami's coast? | In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Mountain from Miami's coast? | [
"In kilometers, how far is the Gulf Mountain from Miami's coast?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88684 | 56db779ee7c41114004b5164 | 2008_Summer_Olympics_torch_relay | Some Western media have reported on Chinese accusations of Western media bias. The Daily Telegraph published an opinion piece by the Chinese ambassador to the United Kingdom, Fu Ying, who accused Western media of "demonising" China during their coverage of the torch relays. The Telegraph also asked its readers to send ... | Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.? | Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.? | [
"Who was the Chinese ambassador to the U.K.?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fu Ying"
],
"answer_start": [
175
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56305 | 5a457ff419a820001a1eda92 | Nonprofit_organization | Individual states and localities offer nonprofits exemptions from other taxes such as sales tax or property tax. Federal tax-exempt status does not guarantee exemption from state and local taxes, and vice versa. These exemptions generally have separate applications and their requirements may differ from the IRS require... | What must IRS 990 forms be available for? | What must IRS 990 forms be available for? | [
"What must IRS 990 forms be available for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68566 | 570ad1354103511400d59a34 | Mesozoic | Sea levels began to rise during the Jurassic, which was probably caused by an increase in seafloor spreading. The formation of new crust beneath the surface displaced ocean waters by as much as 200 m (656 ft) more than today, which flooded coastal areas. Furthermore, Pangaea began to rift into smaller divisions, bringi... | What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic? | What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic? | [
"What caused the sea to rise during the Jurassic?"
] | {
"text": [
"increase in seafloor"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2676 | 56d29a9a59d6e4140014611e | Buddhism | The Pāli Tipitaka, which means "three baskets", refers to the Vinaya Pitaka, the Sutta Pitaka, and the Abhidhamma Pitaka. The Vinaya Pitaka contains disciplinary rules for the Buddhist monks and nuns, as well as explanations of why and how these rules were instituted, supporting material, and doctrinal clarification. T... | What means "three baskets"? | What means "three baskets"? | [
"What means \"three baskets\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Pāli Tipitaka"
],
"answer_start": [
4
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115073 | 5a6b2219a9e0c9001a4e9ef7 | Wayback_Machine | In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner." Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners d... | Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Wayback Machine? | Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Wayback Machine? | [
"Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Wayback Machine?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94642 | 5726cda4f1498d1400e8eba8 | Queen_(band) | On 7 May 2010, May and Taylor announced that they were quitting their record label, EMI, after almost 40 years. On 20 August 2010, Queen's manager Jim Beach put out a Newsletter stating that the band had signed a new contract with Universal Music. During an interview for Hardtalk on the BBC on 22 September, May confirm... | What record label did May and Taylor leave in 2010? | What record label did May and Taylor leave in 2010? | [
"What record label did May and Taylor leave in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"EMI"
],
"answer_start": [
84
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32816 | 5a32dddcbd0d7f001aef94bb | Central_African_Republic | In April 1979, young students protested against Bokassa's decree that all school attendees would need to buy uniforms from a company owned by one of his wives. The government violently suppressed the protests, killing 100 children and teenagers. Bokassa himself may have been personally involved in some of the killings.... | What were French students supposed to buy on Dacko's decree? | What were French students supposed to buy on Dacko's decree? | [
"What were French students supposed to buy on Dacko's decree?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-105954 | 56e08680231d4119001ac26f | Space_Race | For its part, the Soviet Union harbored fears of invasion. Having suffered at least 27 million casualties during World War II after being invaded by Nazi Germany in 1941, the Soviet Union was wary of its former ally, the United States, which until late 1949 was the sole possessor of atomic weapons. The United States ha... | What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union? | What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union? | [
"What type of military force did the US possess a much larger fleet than the Soviet Union?"
] | {
"text": [
"air force"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55523 | 5726728f708984140094c668 | Presbyterianism | Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surpl... | A Cassock and Surplice typically consisted of? | A Cassock and Surplice typically consisted of? | [
"A Cassock and Surplice typically consisted of?"
] | {
"text": [
"full length Old English style surplice"
],
"answer_start": [
285
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44994 | 5ace2dc432bba1001ae49ccf | Sony_Music_Entertainment | In 1964, CBS established its own UK distribution with the acquisition of Oriole Records. EMI continued to distribute Epic and Okeh label material on the Columbia label in the UK until the distribution deal with EMI expired in 1968 when CBS took over distribution. | ABC established it own UK distribution in what year? | ABC established it own UK distribution in what year? | [
"ABC established it own UK distribution in what year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85347 | 572801dd2ca10214002d9b4a | European_Central_Bank | To qualify for participation in the auctions, banks must be able to offer proof of appropriate collateral in the form of loans to other entities. These can be the public debt of member states, but a fairly wide range of private banking securities are also accepted. The fairly stringent membership requirements for the E... | What should all assets offered up as collateral be? | What should all assets offered up as collateral be? | [
"What should all assets offered up as collateral be?"
] | {
"text": [
"all equally good, and all equally protected from the risk of inflation"
],
"answer_start": [
533
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104131 | 5ad16da0645df0001a2d1aec | Mandolin | There are many styles of mandolin, but four are common, the Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the carved-top mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-back has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The carved-top or arch-top mandolin has a much shallower, arched back, and a... | What type of American music are the Neapolitan mandolins featured in? | What type of American music are the Neapolitan mandolins featured in? | [
"What type of American music are the Neapolitan mandolins featured in?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32696 | 5ad2c209d7d075001a42a10e | Antarctica | Emilio Marcos Palma was the first person born south of the 60th parallel south (the continental limit according to the Antarctic Treaty), as well as the first one born on the Antarctic mainland, in 1978 at Base Esperanza, on the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula; his parents were sent there along with seven other families... | What was Marcos Emilio Palma the first to do? | What was Marcos Emilio Palma the first to do? | [
"What was Marcos Emilio Palma the first to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13518 | 570be36dec8fbc190045bbc9 | Digestion | Other animals, such as rabbits and rodents, practise coprophagia behaviours - eating specialised faeces in order to re-digest food, especially in the case of roughage. Capybara, rabbits, hamsters and other related species do not have a complex digestive system as do, for example, ruminants. Instead they extract more nu... | Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice? | Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice? | [
"Why do some animals pass food through their gut twice?"
] | {
"text": [
"extract more nutrition"
],
"answer_start": [
305
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52701 | 5a73893f53a187001ae63240 | Political_party | As the century wore on, the factions slowly began to adopt more coherent political tendencies as the interests of their power bases began to diverge. The Whig party's initial base of support from the great aristocratic families, widened to include the emerging industrial interests and wealthy merchants. As well as cham... | Who did Algernon Sidney want to be tolerant towards? | Who did Algernon Sidney want to be tolerant towards? | [
"Who did Algernon Sidney want to be tolerant towards?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3538 | 5a51cd71b308da001a5a23bd | Southeast_Asia | It has been pointed out that Khmer and Indonesian classical arts were concerned with depicting the life of the gods, but to the Southeast Asian mind the life of the gods was the life of the peoples themselves—joyous, earthy, yet divine. The Tai, coming late into Southeast Asia, brought with them some Chinese artistic t... | What classical arts depicted the lives of regular people? | What classical arts depicted the lives of regular people? | [
"What classical arts depicted the lives of regular people?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15633 | 5726cac25951b619008f7e46 | Chinese_characters | Occasionally a bisyllabic word is written with two characters that contain the same radical, as in 蝴蝶 húdié "butterfly", where both characters have the insect radical 虫. A notable example is pipa (a Chinese lute, also a fruit, the loquat, of similar shape) – originally written as 批把 with the hand radical, referring to ... | What is also a fruit? | What is also a fruit? | [
"What is also a fruit?"
] | {
"text": [
"pipa"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100946 | 57279185f1498d1400e8fc5f | Hindu_philosophy | The Vaiśeṣika philosophy is a naturalist school; it is a form of atomism in natural philosophy. It postulated that all objects in the physical universe are reducible to paramāṇu (atoms), and one's experiences are derived from the interplay of substance (a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements),... | Who is credited with the Vaisesika darsana? | Who is credited with the Vaisesika darsana? | [
"Who is credited with the Vaisesika darsana?"
] | {
"text": [
"Kaṇāda Kaśyapa"
],
"answer_start": [
544
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66949 | 572840c42ca10214002da19b | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | In a nationally televised speech early in the morning of December 25, 1991, Gorbachev resigned as president of the USSR – or, as he put it, "I hereby discontinue my activities at the post of President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics." He declared the office extinct, and all of its powers (such as control of ... | What was the Russian Federations previous legal name? | What was the Russian Federations previous legal name? | [
"What was the Russian Federations previous legal name?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic"
],
"answer_start": [
587
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2886 | 57302564b2c2fd140056895d | British_Isles | The demographics of the British Isles today are characterised by a generally high density of population in England, which accounts for almost 80% of the total population of the islands. In elsewhere on Great Britain and on Ireland, high density of population is limited to areas around, or close to, a few large cities. ... | What is the most populated city in Ireland? | What is the most populated city in Ireland? | [
"What is the most populated city in Ireland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Greater Dublin Area (1.1 million)"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24225 | 5ad417d2604f3c001a4003b7 | Bermuda | On 11 June 2009, four Uyghurs who had been held in the United States Guantánamo Bay detention camp, in Cuba, were transferred to Bermuda. The four men were among 22 Uyghurs who claimed to be refugees, who were captured in 2001 in Pakistan after fleeing the American aerial bombardment of Afghanistan. They were accused o... | What happened on 9 June 2011? | What happened on 9 June 2011? | [
"What happened on 9 June 2011?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41792 | 56d65c671c850414009470b9 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | Besides parents, Liu Shaokun (刘绍坤), a Sichuan school teacher, was detained on June 25, 2008 for "disseminating rumors and destroying social order" about the Sichuan earthquake. Liu’s family was later told that he was being investigated on suspicion of the crime of inciting subversion. Liu had travelled to the Shifang, ... | What was Liu Shaokun's profession? | What was Liu Shaokun's profession? | [
"What was Liu Shaokun's profession?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sichuan school teacher"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16190 | 57316e8ae6313a140071cf2f | Muammar_Gaddafi | The Bovington signal course's director reported that Gaddafi successfully overcame problems learning English, displaying a firm command of voice procedure. Noting that Gaddafi's favourite hobbies were reading and playing football, he thought him an "amusing officer, always cheerful, hard-working, and conscientious." Ga... | In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb? | In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb? | [
"In what part of London did Gaddafi wear traditional Arab garb?"
] | {
"text": [
"Piccadilly"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68154 | 5ad4228c604f3c001a4007cf | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The Jenkins Orphanage was established in 1891 by the Rev. Daniel J. Jenkins in Charleston. The orphanage accepted donations of musical instruments and Rev. Jenkins hired local Charleston musicians and Avery Institute Graduates to tutor the boys in music. As a result, Charleston musicians became proficient on a variety ... | What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage reject? | What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage reject? | [
"What type of donations did the Jerkins Orphanage reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102050 | 5729240c1d046914007790b9 | States_of_Germany | In the Paris Agreements of 23 October 1954, France offered to establish an independent "Saarland", under the auspices of the Western European Union (WEU), but on 23 October 1955 in the Saar Statute referendum the Saar electorate rejected this plan by 67.7% to 32.3% (out of a 96.5% turnout: 423,434 against, 201,975 for)... | In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland? | In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland? | [
"In what negotiation did France offer to establish the independent Saarland?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris Agreements"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20464 | 5a671c44f038b7001ab0c1fc | Glass | Some people consider glass to be a liquid due to its lack of a first-order phase transition where certain thermodynamic variables such as volume, entropy and enthalpy are discontinuous through the glass transition range. The glass transition may be described as analogous to a second-order phase transition where the int... | What do some consider to be a transformation? | What do some consider to be a transformation? | [
"What do some consider to be a transformation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55786 | 57260f4389a1e219009ac1ab | Clothing | Although dissertations on clothing and its function appear from the 19th century as colonising countries dealt with new environments, concerted scientific research into psycho-social, physiological and other functions of clothing (e.g. protective, cartage) occurred in the first half of the 20th century, with publicatio... | How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968? | How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968? | [
"How much had the science of clothing in relation to environmental factors changed by 1968?"
] | {
"text": [
"little"
],
"answer_start": [
635
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17217 | 570e38eb0dc6ce1900204ea6 | Uranium | The use of uranium in its natural oxide form dates back to at least the year 79 CE, when it was used to add a yellow color to ceramic glazes. Yellow glass with 1% uranium oxide was found in a Roman villa on Cape Posillipo in the Bay of Naples, Italy, by R. T. Gunther of the University of Oxford in 1912. Starting in the... | What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide? | What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide? | [
"What color of ceramic glaze was extracted from uranium oxide?"
] | {
"text": [
"yellow"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15521 | 570706b99e06ca38007e92bc | Black_people | In the first 200 years that black people were in the United States, they primarily identified themselves by their specific ethnic group (closely allied to language) and not by skin color. Individuals identified themselves, for example, as Ashanti, Igbo, Bakongo, or Wolof. However, when the first captives were brought t... | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? | What was not acknowledged by English colonists? | [
"What was not acknowledged by English colonists?"
] | {
"text": [
"individual ethnic affiliations"
],
"answer_start": [
401
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21262 | 56e6b7e56fe0821900b8eb3d | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary music (AC) is a style of music, ranging from 1960s vocal and 1970s soft rock music to predominantly ballad-heavy music of the present day, with varying degrees of easy listening, pop, soul, rhythm and blues, quiet storm, and rock influence. Adult contemporary is rather a continuation of the easy list... | What does the acronym AC stand for? | What does the acronym AC stand for? | [
"What does the acronym AC stand for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adult contemporary"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79147 | 5a8dbfa2df8bba001a0f9bc3 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | Twilight Princess was released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success. It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess h... | What scores did GameTrailers receive from major game publications? | What scores did GameTrailers receive from major game publications? | [
"What scores did GameTrailers receive from major game publications?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10391 | 56e01d2f231d4119001abf33 | Comics | Illustrated humour periodicals were popular in 19th-century Britain, the earliest of which was the short-lived The Glasgow Looking Glass in 1825. The most popular was Punch, which popularized the term cartoon for its humorous caricatures. On occasion the cartoons in these magazines appeared in sequences; the character ... | What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century? | What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century? | [
"What was the first illustrated humor periodical in Britain during the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Glasgow Looking Glass"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30159 | 5acd53ef07355d001abf3d59 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | In 1880, the newspapers News and Observer combined to form The News & Observer. It remains Raleigh's primary daily newspaper. The North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, now known as North Carolina State University, was founded as a land-grant college in 1887. The city's Rex Hospital opened in 1889 and... | What school is now known as The Baptist Women's College? | What school is now known as The Baptist Women's College? | [
"What school is now known as The Baptist Women's College? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63973 | 572826494b864d19001645b7 | Annelid | No single feature distinguishes Annelids from other invertebrate phyla, but they have a distinctive combination of features. Their bodies are long, with segments that are divided externally by shallow ring-like constrictions called annuli and internally by septa ("partitions") at the same points, although in some speci... | What covers an annelid's exterior? | What covers an annelid's exterior? | [
"What covers an annelid's exterior?"
] | {
"text": [
"a cuticle"
],
"answer_start": [
555
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29487 | 5730537d396df91900096074 | Swaziland | The University of Swaziland, Southern African Nazarene University, Swaziland Christian University are the institutions that offer university education in the country. A campus of Limkokwing University of Creative Technology can be found at Sidvwashini, a suburb of the capital Mbabane. There are some teaching and nursin... | The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University? | The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University? | [
"The University of Swaziland, Southern Nazarene University, offer higher learning in Swaziland, what is one other University?"
] | {
"text": [
"Swaziland Christian University"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89926 | 5acf5f2877cf76001a684ca8 | Somerset | Somerton took over from Ilchester as the county town in the late thirteenth century, but it declined in importance and the status of county town transferred to Taunton about 1366. The county has two cities, Bath and Wells, and 30 towns (including the county town of Taunton, which has no town council but instead is the ... | What is the average altitude of Axbridge? | What is the average altitude of Axbridge? | [
"What is the average altitude of Axbridge?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68891 | 572f403e04bcaa1900d767d7 | Modern_history | The Antebellum Age was a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery in the American South and in the western territories of Kansas and Nebraska that eventually lead to the Civil War in 1861. The Antebellum Period is often considered to have begun with the Kansas–Nebraska Act of 1854,[ci... | What is the antebellum age? | What is the antebellum age? | [
"What is the antebellum age?"
] | {
"text": [
"a period of increasing division in the country based on the growth of slavery"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87710 | 5729d2f6af94a219006aa651 | IBM | Virtually all console gaming systems of the previous generation used microprocessors developed by IBM. The Xbox 360 contains a PowerPC tri-core processor, which was designed and produced by IBM in less than 24 months. Sony's PlayStation 3 features the Cell BE microprocessor designed jointly by IBM, Toshiba, and Sony. I... | What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut? | What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut? | [
"What year did the Nintendo Wii U, partly developed by IBM, debut?"
] | {
"text": [
"2012"
],
"answer_start": [
430
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74349 | 571b19ad9499d21900609c00 | Asphalt | The world's largest deposit of natural bitumen, known as the Athabasca oil sands is located in the McMurray Formation of Northern Alberta. This formation is from the early Cretaceous, and is composed of numerous lenses of oil-bearing sand with up to 20% oil. Isotopic studies attribute the oil deposits to be about 110 m... | Where are the Athabasca oil sands located? | Where are the Athabasca oil sands located? | [
"Where are the Athabasca oil sands located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Northern Alberta"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3925 | 56bfafdba10cfb140055123e | Beyoncé | In an interview published by Vogue in April 2013, Beyoncé was asked if she considers herself a feminist, to which she said, "that word can be very extreme... But I guess I am a modern-day feminist. I do believe in equality". She would later align herself more publicly with the movement, sampling "We should all be femin... | When did she say the she is a feminist? | When did she say the she is a feminist? | [
"When did she say the she is a feminist?"
] | {
"text": [
"April 2013"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44126 | 5731d9f3e17f3d1400422496 | Bras%C3%ADlia | Brasília (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɾaˈziljɐ]) is the federal capital of Brazil and seat of government of the Federal District. The city is located atop the Brazilian highlands in the country's center-western region. It was founded on April 21, 1960, to serve as the new national capital. Brasília and its metro (encom... | What region of Brazil is Brasilia in? | What region of Brazil is Brasilia in? | [
"What region of Brazil is Brasilia in?"
] | {
"text": [
"center-western"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95845 | 5ad3ede9604f3c001a3ff7cd | Yale_University | Yale University, one of the oldest universities in the United States, is a cultural referent as an institution that produces some of the most elite members of society and its grounds, alumni, and students have been prominently portrayed in fiction and U.S. popular culture. For example, Owen Johnson's novel, Stover at Y... | Who were the side characters in Stover at Yale? | Who were the side characters in Stover at Yale? | [
"Who were the side characters in Stover at Yale?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9912 | 572806d8ff5b5019007d9b35 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld tha... | How many Egyptians did Nasser claim died building the Suez canal? | How many Egyptians did Nasser claim died building the Suez canal? | [
"How many Egyptians did Nasser claim died building the Suez canal?"
] | {
"text": [
"120,000"
],
"answer_start": [
406
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101222 | 5ad28049d7d075001a4297af | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | On 24 August, Pravda and Izvestia carried news of the non-secret portions of the Pact, complete with the now infamous front-page picture of Molotov signing the treaty, with a smiling Stalin looking on. The news was met with utter shock and surprise by government leaders and media worldwide, most of whom were aware only... | Which diplomat leaked information about the public agreements? | Which diplomat leaked information about the public agreements? | [
"Which diplomat leaked information about the public agreements?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114064 | 5a42c91c4a4859001aac730d | Philosophy_of_space_and_time | Einstein partially advocates Mach's principle in that distant stars explain inertia because they provide the gravitational field against which acceleration and inertia occur. But contrary to Leibniz's account, this warped space-time is as integral a part of an object as are its other defining characteristics, such as v... | Who advocates Einstein's theory? | Who advocates Einstein's theory? | [
"Who advocates Einstein's theory?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70056 | 5ad4a2a9ba00c4001a268e9d | Windows_8 | The upgrade addressed a number of criticisms faced by Windows 8 upon its release, with additional customization options for the Start screen, the restoration of a visible Start button on the desktop, the ability to snap up to four apps on a single display, and the ability to boot to the desktop instead of the Start scr... | What search engine was taken away in Windows 8.1? | What search engine was taken away in Windows 8.1? | [
"What search engine was taken away in Windows 8.1?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28224 | 5ad4c8515b96ef001a10a069 | Steven_Spielberg | In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and ... | In what year did Lynda Obst become a producer? | In what year did Lynda Obst become a producer? | [
"In what year did Lynda Obst become a producer?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27992 | 57318b4d05b4da19006bd277 | Steven_Spielberg | Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family. His mother, Leah (Adler) Posner (born 1920), was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg (born 1917), was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukr... | What religion was Spielberg's family? | What religion was Spielberg's family? | [
"What religion was Spielberg's family?"
] | {
"text": [
"Orthodox Jewish"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-106181 | 5725c5dd89a1e219009abe6a | Hellenistic_period | Independent city states were unable to compete with Hellenistic kingdoms and were usually forced to ally themselves to one of them for defense, giving honors to Hellenistic rulers in return for protection. One example is Athens, which had been decisively defeated by Antipater in the Lamian war (323-322) and had its por... | Who was Demetrius Poliorcetes' father? | Who was Demetrius Poliorcetes' father? | [
"Who was Demetrius Poliorcetes' father?"
] | {
"text": [
"Antigonus"
],
"answer_start": [
529
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109173 | 57277e4edd62a815002e9eb6 | Carnival | Carnival in the Netherlands is called Carnaval, Vastenavond or Vastelaovend(j), and is most celebrated in traditionally Catholic regions, mainly the southern provinces North Brabant and Limburg. Dutch Carnaval is officially celebrated on the Sunday through Tuesday preceding Ash Wednesday. Although traditions vary from ... | What vary from town to town in regards to the Carnival? | What vary from town to town in regards to the Carnival? | [
"What vary from town to town in regards to the Carnival?"
] | {
"text": [
"traditions"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40112 | 572b8e48be1ee31400cb8438 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | When John DeStefano, Jr., became mayor of New Haven in 1995, he outlined a plan to transform the city into a major cultural and arts center in the Northeast, which involved investments in programs and projects other than sports franchises. As nearby Bridgeport built new sports facilities, the brutalist New Haven Colise... | In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center? | In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center? | [
"In terms of capacity how big was the new constructed New Haven Athletic Center?"
] | {
"text": [
"over 3,000"
],
"answer_start": [
771
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88982 | 5acd3fff07355d001abf3a4d | Hunter-gatherer | According to the endurance running hypothesis, long-distance running as in persistence hunting, a method still practiced by some hunter-gatherer groups in modern times, was likely the driving evolutionary force leading to the evolution of certain human characteristics. This hypothesis does not necessarily contradict th... | What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis? | What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis? | [
"What contradicts with the scavenging hypothesis?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64799 | 57342084d058e614000b698f | Portugal | The Portuguese language is derived from the Latin spoken by the romanized Pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula around 2000 years ago—particularly the Celts, Tartessians, Lusitanians and Iberians. In the 15th and 16th centuries, the language spread worldwide as Portugal established a colonial and commercial empire... | In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language? | In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language? | [
"In how many continents is Portuguese spoken as a native language?"
] | {
"text": [
"five"
],
"answer_start": [
393
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41256 | 5731d3feb9d445190005e596 | Egypt | The canal is 193.30 km (120.11 mi) long, 24 m (79 ft) deep and 205 metres (673 ft) wide as of 2010. It consists of the northern access channel of 22 km (14 mi), the canal itself of 162.25 km (100.82 mi) and the southern access channel of 9 km (5.6 mi). The canal is a single lane with passing places in the "Ballah By-Pa... | How many locks are contained in Suez Canal? | How many locks are contained in Suez Canal? | [
"How many locks are contained in Suez Canal?"
] | {
"text": [
"no locks"
],
"answer_start": [
363
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24832 | 56cf322eaab44d1400b88e09 | New_York_City | New York City has over 28,000 acres (110 km2) of municipal parkland and 14 miles (23 km) of public beaches. Parks in New York City include Central Park, Prospect Park, Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, Forest Park, and Washington Square Park. The largest municipal park in the city is Pelham Bay Park with 2,700 acres (1,093... | New York has approximately how many acres of parks? | New York has approximately how many acres of parks? | [
"New York has approximately how many acres of parks?"
] | {
"text": [
"28,000"
],
"answer_start": [
23
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29405 | 57302a10947a6a140053d1fb | Swaziland | A small, landlocked kingdom, Swaziland is bordered in the North, West and South by the Republic of South Africa and by Mozambique in the East. Swaziland has a land area of 17,364 km2. Swaziland has four separate geographical regions. These run from North to South and are determined by altitude. Swaziland is located at ... | How many geographical regions are within Swaziland? | How many geographical regions are within Swaziland? | [
"How many geographical regions are within Swaziland?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29833 | 5ad14863645df0001a2d1552 | Mary_(mother_of_Jesus) | The hagiography of Mary and the Holy Family can be contrasted with other material in the Gospels. These references include an incident which can be interpreted as Jesus rejecting his family in the New Testament: "And his mother and his brothers arrived, and standing outside, they sent in a message asking for him ... An... | Who embraced his family according to the New Testament? | Who embraced his family according to the New Testament? | [
"Who embraced his family according to the New Testament?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79840 | 5706300775f01819005e7a64 | MP3 | An MP3 file is made up of MP3 frames, which consist of a header and a data block. This sequence of frames is called an elementary stream. Due to the "byte reservoir", frames are not independent items and cannot usually be extracted on arbitrary frame boundaries. The MP3 Data blocks contain the (compressed) audio inform... | MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta? | MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta? | [
"MP3 files today contain what kind of metadeta?"
] | {
"text": [
"ID3"
],
"answer_start": [
850
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69017 | 572f83ae947a6a140053c9fe | Modern_history | Worldwide prosperity changed dramatically with the onset of the Great Depression in 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 served to punctuate the end of the previous era, as The Great Depression set in. The Great Depression was a worldwide economic downturn starting in most places in 1929 and ending at different times in... | The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century? | The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century? | [
"The great depression is the worst economic downturn of what century?"
] | {
"text": [
"20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
436
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39631 | 57278e8f708984140094e0c8 | FA_Cup | Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored. However, to protect the identity of the competition, the sponsored name has always included 'The FA Cup' in addition to the sponsor's name, unlike sponsorship deals for the League Cup where the word 'cup' is preceded by only the sponsor's name. Spons... | Who is the current sponsor? | Who is the current sponsor? | [
"Who is the current sponsor? "
] | {
"text": [
"Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018"
],
"answer_start": [
422
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40940 | 572682cd708984140094c881 | Predation | The act of predation can be broken down into a maximum of four stages: Detection of prey, attack, capture and finally consumption. The relationship between predator and prey is one that is typically beneficial to the predator, and detrimental to the prey species. Sometimes, however, predation has indirect benefits to t... | At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction? | At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction? | [
"At most there are how many step of predator-prey interaction? "
] | {
"text": [
"maximum of four stages"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102800 | 5727b28f2ca10214002d9432 | Unicode | Unicode is a computing industry standard for the consistent encoding, representation, and handling of text expressed in most of the world's writing systems. Developed in conjunction with the Universal Coded Character Set (UCS) standard and published as The Unicode Standard, the latest version of Unicode contains a repe... | Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire? | Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire? | [
"Unicode contains how many thousands of characters in its repertoire? "
] | {
"text": [
"120,000 characters"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48567 | 5a85b877b4e223001a8e71c5 | War_on_Terror | The conflict in northern Mali began in January 2012 with radical Islamists (affiliated to al-Qaeda) advancing into northern Mali. The Malian government had a hard time maintaining full control over their country. The fledgling government requested support from the international community on combating the Islamic milita... | When were al-Qaeda groups removed from northern Mali? | When were al-Qaeda groups removed from northern Mali? | [
"When were al-Qaeda groups removed from northern Mali?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115020 | 5a6b1064a9e0c9001a4e9eb4 | Wayback_Machine | In a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site, pages that Chordiant believed... | Who filed a motion to compel the Wayback Machine to disable the robots.txt file? | Who filed a motion to compel the Wayback Machine to disable the robots.txt file? | [
"Who filed a motion to compel the Wayback Machine to disable the robots.txt file?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26847 | 5709c3b3200fba14003682cd | United_States_dollar | Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted Preside... | What is the highest currently printed denomination of bill? | What is the highest currently printed denomination of bill? | [
"What is the highest currently printed denomination of bill?"
] | {
"text": [
"$100"
],
"answer_start": [
67
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21123 | 5a7513c097ca42001a521e6d | Spanish_language_in_the_United_States | Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. T... | Which revolution toppled the Somoza dictatorship? | Which revolution toppled the Somoza dictatorship? | [
"Which revolution toppled the Somoza dictatorship?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115558 | 59fb2121ee36d60018400d37 | England_national_football_team | In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player. Following this, there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job. However, on 1... | Who won the UEFA Euro 2012? | Who won the UEFA Euro 2012? | [
"Who won the UEFA Euro 2012?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43047 | 5a84cda07cf838001a46aa9b | Poultry | Poultry (/ˌpoʊltriː/) are domesticated birds kept by humans for the eggs they produce, their meat, their feathers, or sometimes as pets. These birds are most typically members of the superorder Galloanserae (fowl), especially the order Galliformes (which includes chickens, quails and turkeys) and the family Anatidae, i... | What is the Norman term for "waterfowl?" | What is the Norman term for "waterfowl?" | [
"What is the Norman term for \"waterfowl?\""
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109257 | 572797715951b619008f8e3e | Carnival | Carnival Tuesday hosts the main events. Full costume is worn, complete with make-up and body paint/adornment. Usually "Mas Boots" that complement the costumes are worn. Each band has their costume presentation based on a particular theme, and contains various sections (some consisting of thousands of revelers) that ref... | What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes? | What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes? | [
"What is usually worn on the feet to compliment the costumes?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Mas Boots\""
],
"answer_start": [
118
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20662 | 56cfba3b234ae51400d9bf12 | IPod | Video games are playable on various versions of iPods. The original iPod had the game Brick (originally invented by Apple's co-founder Steve Wozniak) included as an easter egg hidden feature; later firmware versions added it as a menu option. Later revisions of the iPod added three more games: Parachute, Solitaire, and... | What other games were later added to the original iPod? | What other games were later added to the original iPod? | [
"What other games were later added to the original iPod?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parachute, Solitaire, and Music Quiz"
],
"answer_start": [
295
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11927 | 56e14887e3433e1400422d51 | Universal_Studios | In its early years Universal released three brands of feature films — Red Feather, low-budget programmers; Bluebird, more ambitious productions; and Jewel, their prestige motion pictures. Directors included Jack Conway, John Ford, Rex Ingram, Robert Z. Leonard, George Marshall and Lois Weber, one of the few women direc... | What was the profession of George Marshall? | What was the profession of George Marshall? | [
"What was the profession of George Marshall?"
] | {
"text": [
"Directors"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59744 | 5acfb5bd77cf76001a6859cf | Zhejiang | Zhejiang (help·info), formerly romanized as Chekiang, is an eastern coastal province of China. Zhejiang is bordered by Jiangsu province and Shanghai municipality to the north, Anhui province to the northwest, Jiangxi province to the west, and Fujian province to the south; to the east is the East China Sea, beyond whic... | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northeast? | Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northeast? | [
" Which province is Zhejiang bordered by to the northeast?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43188 | 5a8604c3b4e223001a8e73b1 | Poultry | The modern domesticated turkey is descended from one of six subspecies of wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) found in the present Mexican states of Jalisco, Guerrero and Veracruz. Pre-Aztec tribes in south-central Mexico first domesticated the bird around 800 BC, and Pueblo Indians inhabiting the Colorado Plateau in the... | What other purposes have the endangered turkeys been used for aside from food? | What other purposes have the endangered turkeys been used for aside from food? | [
"What other purposes have the endangered turkeys been used for aside from food?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61600 | 5a6278a3f8d794001af1bffa | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | To meet the need for more office space downtown without compromising the city's heritage, the city council amended heritage regulations, which originally restricted height to 15 metres in the area of land on Water Street between Bishop's Cove and Steer's Cove, to create the "Commercial Central Retail – West Zone". The ... | What kind of space is abundant downtown? | What kind of space is abundant downtown? | [
"What kind of space is abundant downtown?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73198 | 56db09ace7c41114004b4ca8 | American_Idol | Ruben Studdard emerged as the winner, beating Clay Aiken by a small margin. Out of a total of 24 million votes, Studdard finished just 134,000 votes ahead of Aiken. This slim margin of victory was controversial due to the large number of calls that failed to get through. In an interview prior to season five, executive ... | Who was the runner up for season two? | Who was the runner up for season two? | [
"Who was the runner up for season two?"
] | {
"text": [
"Clay Aiken"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37082 | 5a0cfad6f5590b0018dab6ce | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made". Also ann... | When must shares be spent for the foundation? | When must shares be spent for the foundation? | [
"When must shares be spent for the foundation?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43261 | 5a860e2eb4e223001a8e7417 | Poultry | Chickens raised intensively for their meat are known as "broilers". Breeds have been developed that can grow to an acceptable carcass size (2 kg (4.4 lb)) in six weeks or less. Broilers grow so fast, their legs cannot always support their weight and their hearts and respiratory systems may not be able to supply enough ... | How do chickens like to spend their vacations? | How do chickens like to spend their vacations? | [
"How do chickens like to spend their vacations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56222 | 5a455bae19a820001a1eda35 | Nonprofit_organization | Some NPOs may also be a charity or service organization; they may be organized as a profit corporation or as a trust, a cooperative, or they exist informally. A very similar type of organization termed a supporting organization operates like a foundation, but they are more complicated to administer, hold more favorable... | What other organization do NPO's also operate like? | What other organization do NPO's also operate like? | [
"What other organization do NPO's also operate like?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22338 | 5a360ab6788daf001a5f86c5 | Himachal_Pradesh | The economy of Himachal Pradesh is currently the third-fastest growing economy in India.[citation needed] Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. This has made it one of the wealthiest places in the entire South Asia. Abundance of perennial rivers enables ... | What is Rajasthan ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States? | What is Rajasthan ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States? | [
"What is Rajasthan ranked in the highest per capita of Indian States?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65171 | 5726b004f1498d1400e8e750 | Crimean_War | While the churches eventually worked out their differences and came to an initial agreement, both Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III refused to back down. Nicholas issued an ultimatum that the Orthodox subjects of the Empire be placed under his protection. Britain attempted to mediate, and arranged a compromise that... | Which two figures refused to back down after the churches worked out their disagreements? | Which two figures refused to back down after the churches worked out their disagreements? | [
"Which two figures refused to back down after the churches worked out their disagreements?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nicholas I of Russia and Napoleon III"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59673 | 5ad16a56645df0001a2d1a5d | Electric_motor | Simple stepper motor drivers entirely energize or entirely de-energize the field windings, leading the rotor to "cog" to a limited number of positions; more sophisticated drivers can proportionally control the power to the field windings, allowing the rotors to position between the cog points and thereby rotate extreme... | With what other device aren't stepper motors most versatile? | With what other device aren't stepper motors most versatile? | [
" With what other device aren't stepper motors most versatile?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78925 | 5a8d9051df8bba001a0f9b05 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | The artificial intelligence (AI) of enemies in Twilight Princess is more advanced than that of enemies in The Wind Waker. Enemies react to defeated companions and to arrows or slingshot pellets that pass by, and can detect Link from a greater distance than was possible in previous games. | Who reacts to artificial intelligence that passes by? | Who reacts to artificial intelligence that passes by? | [
"Who reacts to artificial intelligence that passes by?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26510 | 5a539beabdaabd001a386704 | University | The propagation of universities was not necessarily a steady progression, as the 17th century was rife with events that adversely affected university expansion. Many wars, and especially the Thirty Years' War, disrupted the university landscape throughout Europe at different times. War, plague, famine, regicide, and ch... | What encouraged the establishment of new niversities in the 17th century? | What encouraged the establishment of new niversities in the 17th century? | [
"What encouraged the establishment of new niversities in the 17th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78339 | 5727a35c3acd2414000de88d | Child_labour | Primark continued to investigate the allegations for three years, concluding that BBC report was a fake. In 2011, following an investigation by the BBC Trust’s Editorial Standards Committee, the BBC announced, "Having carefully scrutinised all of the relevant evidence, the committee concluded that, on the balance of pr... | How many years was Primark investigated for? | How many years was Primark investigated for? | [
"How many years was Primark investigated for?"
] | {
"text": [
"three years"
],
"answer_start": [
53
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72718 | 5ad36c75604f3c001a3fe1a3 | Dell | In the 1990s, Dell switched from using primarily ATX motherboards and PSU to using boards and power supplies with mechanically identical but differently wired connectors. This meant customers wishing to upgrade their hardware would have to replace parts with scarce Dell-compatible parts instead of commonly available pa... | What decade did Dell switch to SPUs and boards that had differently wired connectors? | What decade did Dell switch to SPUs and boards that had differently wired connectors? | [
"What decade did Dell switch to SPUs and boards that had differently wired connectors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89171 | 56dfbcf67aa994140058e0ca | Hunter-gatherer | In the early 1980s, a small but vocal segment of anthropologists and archaeologists attempted to demonstrate that contemporary groups usually identified as hunter-gatherers do not, in most cases, have a continuous history of hunting and gathering, and that in many cases their ancestors were agriculturalists and/or past... | What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers? | What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers? | [
"What kind of upset could force agriculturalists into being foragers?"
] | {
"text": [
"migrations"
],
"answer_start": [
397
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77900 | 5727f7313acd2414000df103 | Strasbourg | Strasbourg's status as a free city was revoked by the French Revolution. Enragés, most notoriously Eulogius Schneider, ruled the city with an increasingly iron hand. During this time, many churches and monasteries were either destroyed or severely damaged. The cathedral lost hundreds of its statues (later replaced by c... | What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city? | What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city? | [
"What revoked Strasbourg's status as a free city? "
] | {
"text": [
"French Revolution"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42840 | 570d567ffed7b91900d45ec4 | Franco-Prussian_War | General Frossard's II Corps and Marshal Bazaine's III Corps crossed the German border on 2 August, and began to force the Prussian 40th Regiment of the 16th Infantry Division from the town of Saarbrücken with a series of direct attacks. The Chassepot rifle proved its worth against the Dreyse rifle, with French riflemen... | How many casualties did the French suffer at Saarbrucken? | How many casualties did the French suffer at Saarbrucken? | [
"How many casualties did the French suffer at Saarbrucken?"
] | {
"text": [
"86 casualties"
],
"answer_start": [
477
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22394 | 57096228ed30961900e84040 | Himachal_Pradesh | Himachal has a rich heritage of handicrafts. These include woolen and pashmina shawls, carpets, silver and metal ware, embroidered chappals, grass shoes, Kangra and Gompa style paintings, wood work, horse-hair bangles, wooden and metal utensils and various other house hold items. These aesthetic and tasteful handicraft... | Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts? | Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts? | [
"Has the demand increased or decreased for handcrafts?"
] | {
"text": [
"increased"
],
"answer_start": [
462
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95773 | 5726f08ef1498d1400e8f07d | Yale_University | While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range ... | Which two residential colleges are of modernist style? | Which two residential colleges are of modernist style? | [
"Which two residential colleges are of modernist style?"
] | {
"text": [
"Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges"
],
"answer_start": [
126
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115109 | 56ddd98d9a695914005b961b | Wayback_Machine | On April 25, 2007, Internet Archive and Suzanne Shell jointly announced the settlement of their lawsuit. The Internet Archive said it "...has no interest in including materials in the Wayback Machine of persons who do not wish to have their Web content archived. We recognize that Ms. Shell has a valid and enforceable c... | Who stated that they had no wish to violate individuals' copyrights? | Who stated that they had no wish to violate individuals' copyrights? | [
"Who stated that they had no wish to violate individuals' copyrights?"
] | {
"text": [
"Internet Archive"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40441 | 56e75b5300c9c71400d77009 | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | What is the shiniest type of coated paper? | What is the shiniest type of coated paper? | [
"What is the shiniest type of coated paper?"
] | {
"text": [
"Gloss"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47062 | 572664b2dd62a815002e8385 | Madonna_(entertainer) | Madonna's popularity was further enhanced by her film roles, including Desperately Seeking Susan (1985), Dick Tracy (1990), and Evita (1996); the latter earned her a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress. However, most of her other films have been panned by critics. Her other ventures include fashion design, writing chil... | Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award? | Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award? | [
"Which movie earned Madonna a Golden Globe Award?"
] | {
"text": [
"Evita"
],
"answer_start": [
128
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102677 | 5a79df0417ab25001a8a0130 | Association_football | Each team consists of a maximum of eleven players (excluding substitutes), one of whom must be the goalkeeper. Competition rules may state a minimum number of players required to constitute a team, which is usually seven. Goalkeepers are the only players allowed to play the ball with their hands or arms, provided they ... | What position is not allowed on either team? | What position is not allowed on either team? | [
"What position is not allowed on either team?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61453 | 572f50f8b2c2fd140056800d | Flowering_plant | Double fertilization refers to a process in which two sperm cells fertilize cells in the ovary. This process begins when a pollen grain adheres to the stigma of the pistil (female reproductive structure), germinates, and grows a long pollen tube. While this pollen tube is growing, a haploid generative cell travels down... | What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing? | What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing? | [
"What type of cell travels down the pollen tube while it's growing?"
] | {
"text": [
"haploid generative"
],
"answer_start": [
284
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48041 | 5726f25ff1498d1400e8f0b4 | Napoleon | Critics argue Napoleon's true legacy must reflect the loss of status for France and needless deaths brought by his rule: historian Victor Davis Hanson writes, "After all, the military record is unquestioned—17 years of wars, perhaps six million Europeans dead, France bankrupt, her overseas colonies lost." McLynn notes ... | Which historian counters criticism of Napoleon by suggesting that the wars he fought were the responsibility of enemies of the Revolution, rather than that of Napoleon? | Which historian counters criticism of Napoleon by suggesting that the wars he fought were the responsibility of enemies of the Revolution, rather than that of Napoleon? | [
"Which historian counters criticism of Napoleon by suggesting that the wars he fought were the responsibility of enemies of the Revolution, rather than that of Napoleon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vincent Cronin"
],
"answer_start": [
457
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109793 | 5ad3fa36604f3c001a3ffaf9 | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Electrocution was the preferred method of execution during the 20th century. Electric chairs have commonly been nicknamed Old Sparky; however, Alabama's electric chair became known as the "Yellow Mama" due to its unique color. Some, particularly in Florida, were noted for malfunctions, which caused discussion of their ... | Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in South America? | Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in South America? | [
"Prior to the popularity of lethal injection, what was the preferred method of executing criminals in South America?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16132 | 57316c55a5e9cc1400cdbf45 | Muammar_Gaddafi | From childhood, Gaddafi was aware of the involvement of European colonialists in Libya; his nation was occupied by Italy, and during the North African Campaign of World War II it witnessed conflict between Italian and British troops. According to later claims, Gaddafi's paternal grandfather, Abdessalam Bouminyar, was k... | What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child? | What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child? | [
"What nation controlled Libya as a colony when Gaddafi was a child?"
] | {
"text": [
"Italy"
],
"answer_start": [
115
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32648 | 5ad2ae2ed7d075001a429eee | Antarctica | About 98% of Antarctica is covered by the Antarctic ice sheet, a sheet of ice averaging at least 1.6 km (1.0 mi) thick. The continent has about 90% of the world's ice (and thereby about 70% of the world's fresh water). If all of this ice were melted, sea levels would rise about 60 m (200 ft). In most of the interior of... | How would the sea levels rise 200 m? | How would the sea levels rise 200 m? | [
"How would the sea levels rise 200 m?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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