gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-35637 | 5a485b0784b8a4001a7e7845 | Imperial_College_London | In December 2005, Imperial announced a science park programme at the Wye campus, with extensive housing; however, this was abandoned in September 2006 following complaints that the proposal infringed on Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and that the true scale of the scheme, which could have raised £110m for the Col... | What programme was started in September of 2006? | What programme was started in September of 2006? | [
"What programme was started in September of 2006?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80561 | 5a66957ef038b7001ab0c00f | Data_compression | Lossless audio compression produces a representation of digital data that decompress to an exact digital duplicate of the original audio stream, unlike playback from lossy compression techniques such as Vorbis and MP3. Compression ratios are around 50–60% of original size, which is similar to those for generic lossless... | What are three Codecs that use linear prediction to estimate the decompression? | What are three Codecs that use linear prediction to estimate the decompression? | [
"What are three Codecs that use linear prediction to estimate the decompression?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81847 | 572a992cf75d5e190021fb7c | Royal_assent | The power of parliament to pass bills was often thwarted by monarchs. Charles I dissolved parliament in 1629, after it passed motions critical of and bills seeking to restrict his arbitrary exercise of power. During the eleven years of personal rule that followed, Charles performed legally dubious actions, such as rais... | When was the last time royal assent was enacted? | When was the last time royal assent was enacted? | [
"When was the last time royal assent was enacted?"
] | {
"text": [
"11 March 1708"
],
"answer_start": [
822
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5610 | 5ad27ab2d7d075001a429616 | House_music | Chip E.'s 1985 recording "It's House" may also have helped to define this new form of electronic music. However, Chip E. himself lends credence to the Knuckles association, claiming the name came from methods of labeling records at the Importes Etc. record store, where he worked in the early 1980s: bins of music that D... | What is the name of Chip E's 1980 house hit? | What is the name of Chip E's 1980 house hit? | [
"What is the name of Chip E's 1980 house hit?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8887 | 57282ff14b864d19001646a4 | LaserDisc | Both AC-3 and DTS surround audio were clumsily implemented on LaserDiscs, leading to some interesting player- and disc-dependent issues. A disc that included AC-3 audio forfeited the right analog audio channel to the modulated AC-3 RF stream. If the player did not have an AC-3 output available, the next most attractive... | Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio? | Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio? | [
"Which channel would not work in conjunction with AC-3 audio?"
] | {
"text": [
"right analog audio channel"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72081 | 5acf774677cf76001a684e90 | Capacitor | Mechanically controlled variable capacitors allow the plate spacing to be adjusted, for example by rotating or sliding a set of movable plates into alignment with a set of stationary plates. Low cost variable capacitors squeeze together alternating layers of aluminum and plastic with a screw. Electrical control of capa... | What is not an application of varactors? | What is not an application of varactors? | [
" What is not an application of varactors?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33348 | 57264eefdd62a815002e812d | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lamps designed for different voltages have different luminous efficacy. For example, a 100-watt, 120-volt lamp will produce about 17.1 lumens per watt. A lamp with the same rated lifetime but designed for 230 V would produce only around 12.8 lumens per watt, and a similar lamp designed for 30 volts (train lighting) wou... | How does filament size relate to voltage level? | How does filament size relate to voltage level? | [
"How does filament size relate to voltage level?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lower voltage lamps have a thicker filament"
],
"answer_start": [
364
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18078 | 5a10eb6d06e79900185c3475 | Internet_service_provider | Internet service providers in many countries are legally required (e.g., via Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act (CALEA) in the U.S.) to allow law enforcement agencies to monitor some or all of the information transmitted by the ISP. Furthermore, in some countries ISPs are subject to monitoring by intelli... | What are ISPs not legally required to do? | What are ISPs not legally required to do? | [
"What are ISPs not legally required to do?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65943 | 571a137d10f8ca1400304ee7 | Seattle | From 1869 until 1982, Seattle was known as the "Queen City". Seattle's current official nickname is the "Emerald City", the result of a contest held in 1981; the reference is to the lush evergreen forests of the area. Seattle is also referred to informally as the "Gateway to Alaska" for being the nearest major city in ... | What is Seattle's present nickname? | What is Seattle's present nickname? | [
"What is Seattle's present nickname?"
] | {
"text": [
"Emerald City"
],
"answer_start": [
105
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24089 | 572941d96aef051400154c12 | Bermuda | Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population: Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, English, Irish, and Scots cultures were evident in the 17th century, and became part of the dominant British culture. English is the primary and official language. Due to 160 years of immigration from Portuguese... | What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture? | What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture? | [
"What are the greatest influences to Bermudian culture?"
] | {
"text": [
"British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107131 | 57345209879d6814001ca512 | Hunting | Regulation of hunting within the United States dates from the 19th century. Some modern hunters see themselves as conservationists and sportsmen in the mode of Theodore Roosevelt and the Boone and Crockett Club. Local hunting clubs and national organizations provide hunter education and help protect the future of the s... | What do some modern hunters see themselves as? | What do some modern hunters see themselves as? | [
"What do some modern hunters see themselves as?"
] | {
"text": [
"conservationists and sportsmen"
],
"answer_start": [
114
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114767 | 570a803f4103511400d5979a | Emotion | Attempts are frequently made to regulate emotion according to the conventions of the society and the situation based on many (sometimes conflicting) demands and expectations which originate from various entities. The emotion of anger is in many cultures discouraged in girls and women, while fear is discouraged in boys ... | What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism? | What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism? | [
"What emotion do political campaigns appeal to in regard to terrorism?"
] | {
"text": [
"fear"
],
"answer_start": [
1013
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36261 | 5ace7e1b32bba1001ae4a814 | Printed_circuit_board | Unpopulated boards are usually bare-board tested for "shorts" and "opens". A short is a connection between two points that should not be connected. An open is a missing connection between points that should be connected. For high-volume production a fixture or a rigid needle adapter is used to make contact with copper ... | Building the adapter is low cost and economical for? | Building the adapter is low cost and economical for? | [
"Building the adapter is low cost and economical for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52722 | 5a7397c453a187001ae63260 | Political_party | When they lost power, the old Whig leadership dissolved into a decade of factional chaos with distinct "Grenvillite", "Bedfordite", "Rockinghamite", and "Chathamite" factions successively in power, and all referring to themselves as "Whigs". Out of this chaos, the first distinctive parties emerged. The first such party... | What happened when Edmund Burke was removed from power? | What happened when Edmund Burke was removed from power? | [
"What happened when Edmund Burke was removed from power?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115438 | 56eaaaf05a205f1900d6d3df | Political_corruption | Recent research supports Jefferson's claim. Brunetti and Weder found "evidence of a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption in a large cross-section of countries." They also presented "evidence which suggests that the direction of causation runs from higher press freedom to lower corrupt... | Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability? | Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability? | [
"Who discovered that more people reading newspapers resulted in higher political accountability?"
] | {
"text": [
"Adserà, Boix, and Payne"
],
"answer_start": [
326
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102742 | 5a79ea8f17ab25001a8a01be | Association_football | In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the IFAB experimented with ways of creating a winner without requiring a penalty shootout, which was often seen as an undesirable way to end a match. These involved rules ending a game in extra time early, either when the first goal in extra time was scored (golden goal), or if one te... | What year did the Czech Republic win in the final of Euro? | What year did the Czech Republic win in the final of Euro? | [
"What year did the Czech Republic win in the final of Euro?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19276 | 5727b808ff5b5019007d935a | Rule_of_law | The rule of law is the legal principle that law should govern a nation, as opposed to being governed by arbitrary decisions of individual government officials. It primarily refers to the influence and authority of law within society, particularly as a constraint upon behaviour, including behaviour of government officia... | What phrase Ariostle also use which is closely related to "the rule of law"? | What phrase Ariostle also use which is closely related to "the rule of law"? | [
"What phrase Ariostle also use which is closely related to \"the rule of law\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"Law should govern"
],
"answer_start": [
707
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25271 | 56d10c1f17492d1400aab80a | New_York_City | New York City is home to hundreds of cultural institutions and historic sites, many of which are internationally known. Museum Mile is the name for a section of Fifth Avenue running from 82nd to 105th streets on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, in an area sometimes called Upper Carnegie Hill. The Mile, which contains ... | In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located? | In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located? | [
"In what part of Manhattan is the Museum Mile located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Upper East Side"
],
"answer_start": [
216
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7967 | 5726d598708984140094d2c9 | Copyright_infringement | The United States No Electronic Theft Act (NET Act), a federal law passed in 1997, in response to LaMacchia, provides for criminal prosecution of individuals who engage in copyright infringement under certain circumstances, even when there is no monetary profit or commercial benefit from the infringement. Maximum penal... | What federal law did the United States pass in 1997, in response to the LaMacchia Loophole? | What federal law did the United States pass in 1997, in response to the LaMacchia Loophole? | [
"What federal law did the United States pass in 1997, in response to the LaMacchia Loophole?"
] | {
"text": [
"No Electronic Theft Act"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5989 | 5ad01fbd77cf76001a686ad5 | Late_Middle_Ages | The Bulgarian Empire was in decline by the 14th century, and the ascendancy of Serbia was marked by the Serbian victory over the Bulgarians in the Battle of Velbazhd in 1330. By 1346, the Serbian king Stefan Dušan had been proclaimed emperor. Yet Serbian dominance was short-lived; the Serbian army led by the Lazar Hreb... | What event resulted in the triumph of Serbia over Bulgaria in 1303? | What event resulted in the triumph of Serbia over Bulgaria in 1303? | [
"What event resulted in the triumph of Serbia over Bulgaria in 1303?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-1461 | 573159bca5e9cc1400cdbede | Mosaic | Very few early Byzantine mosaics survived the Iconoclastic destruction of the 8th century. Among the rare examples are the 6th-century Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision) mosaic in the apse of the Church of Hosios David in Thessaloniki that was hidden behind mortar during those dangerous times. Nine mosaic panels i... | The mosaic in the church in Thessaloniki is know as what? | The mosaic in the church in Thessaloniki is know as what? | [
"The mosaic in the church in Thessaloniki is know as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Christ in majesty (or Ezekiel's Vision)"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44328 | 5a2f069ba83784001a7d264f | Bras%C3%ADlia | The metro leaves the Rodoviária (bus station) and goes south, avoiding most of the political and tourist areas. The main purpose of the metro is to serve cities, such as Samambaia, Taguatinga and Ceilândia, as well as Guará and Águas Claras. The satellite cities served are more populated in total than the Plano Piloto ... | According to the 2000 census, how many people lived in Guara? | According to the 2000 census, how many people lived in Guara? | [
"According to the 2000 census, how many people lived in Guara?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22051 | 5acd83c507355d001abf4514 | Aircraft_carrier | Although STOVL aircraft are capable of taking off vertically from a spot on the deck, using the ramp and a running start is far more fuel efficient and permits a heavier launch weight. As catapults are unnecessary, carriers with this arrangement reduce weight, complexity, and space needed for complex steam or electroma... | What is a less fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically? | What is a less fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically? | [
"What is a less fuel efficient way for STOVL aircraft to take off rather than vertically?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87198 | 5a1f27e33de3f40018b26524 | Videoconferencing | Finally, in the 1990s, Internet Protocol-based videoconferencing became possible, and more efficient video compression technologies were developed, permitting desktop, or personal computer (PC)-based videoconferencing. In 1992 CU-SeeMe was developed at Cornell by Tim Dorcey et al. In 1995 the first public videoconferen... | What happened at a technofair in Nagano, Japan in real time? | What happened at a technofair in Nagano, Japan in real time? | [
"What happened at a technofair in Nagano, Japan in real time?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25476 | 5730f511e6313a140071caf8 | Namibia | Typically the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, with frequent clear skies, provides more than 300 days of sunshine per year. It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half. The winter (June – August) is generally dry, both rainy seasons occur in summer, the sma... | What is the typical amount of sunshine days in Tropical high pressure belt? | What is the typical amount of sunshine days in Tropical high pressure belt? | [
"What is the typical amount of sunshine days in Tropical high pressure belt?"
] | {
"text": [
"300 days"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85287 | 572794ac5951b619008f8e0b | Supreme_court | In most nations with constitutions modelled after the Soviet Union, the legislature was given the power of being the court of last resort. In the People's Republic of China, the final power to interpret the law is vested in the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPCSC). This power includes the power ... | What nation's model gives the power of the high court to the legistlature? | What nation's model gives the power of the high court to the legistlature? | [
"What nation's model gives the power of the high court to the legistlature?"
] | {
"text": [
"Soviet Union"
],
"answer_start": [
54
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48380 | 56fa5855f34c681400b0c09d | Wood | Wood has long been used as an artistic medium. It has been used to make sculptures and carvings for millennia. Examples include the totem poles carved by North American indigenous people from conifer trunks, often Western Red Cedar (Thuja plicata), and the Millennium clock tower, now housed in the National Museum of Sc... | What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower? | What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower? | [
"What museum exhibits the Millennium clock tower?"
] | {
"text": [
"National Museum of Scotland"
],
"answer_start": [
299
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74440 | 571b40f532177014007ea054 | Asphalt | Roofing shingles account for most of the remaining asphalt/bitumen consumption. Other uses include cattle sprays, fence-post treatments, and waterproofing for fabrics. Asphalt/bitumen is used to make Japan black, a lacquer known especially for its use on iron and steel, and it is also used in paint and marker inks by s... | What product is bitumen used in manufacturing as a sealant? | What product is bitumen used in manufacturing as a sealant? | [
"What product is bitumen used in manufacturing as a sealant?"
] | {
"text": [
"alkaline batteries"
],
"answer_start": [
515
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86005 | 573420364776f419006618dd | Tucson,_Arizona | Tucson is located 118 mi (190 km) southeast of Phoenix and 60 mi (97 km) north of the United States - Mexico border. The 2010 United States Census puts the city's population at 520,116 with a metropolitan area population at 980,263. In 2009, Tucson ranked as the 32nd largest city and 52nd largest metropolitan area in t... | What is Tucson's city population in 2010? | What is Tucson's city population in 2010? | [
"What is Tucson's city population in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"520,116"
],
"answer_start": [
177
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35439 | 5726b7d7708984140094cee6 | Gothic_architecture | On the exterior, the verticality is emphasised in a major way by the towers and spires and in a lesser way by strongly projecting vertical buttresses, by narrow half-columns called attached shafts which often pass through several storeys of the building, by long narrow windows, vertical mouldings around doors and figur... | Which cathedral demonstrates a drastic example of termination with small pinnacles? | Which cathedral demonstrates a drastic example of termination with small pinnacles? | [
"Which cathedral demonstrates a drastic example of termination with small pinnacles?"
] | {
"text": [
"Milan Cathedral"
],
"answer_start": [
501
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73190 | 56db0942e7c41114004b4ca1 | American_Idol | Corey Clark was disqualified during the finals for having an undisclosed police record; however, he later alleged that he and Paula Abdul had an affair while on the show and that this contributed to his expulsion. Clark also claimed that Abdul gave him preferential treatment on the show due to their affair. The allegat... | Which contestant was removed from the show for modelling for an adult website? | Which contestant was removed from the show for modelling for an adult website? | [
"Which contestant was removed from the show for modelling for an adult website?"
] | {
"text": [
"Frenchie Davis"
],
"answer_start": [
492
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114156 | 57267978708984140094c757 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | The Sun had the largest circulation of any daily newspaper in the United Kingdom, but in late 2013 slipped to second largest Saturday newspaper behind the Daily Mail. It had an average daily circulation of 2.2 million copies in March 2014. Between July and December 2013 the paper had an average daily readership of appr... | What is one controversial event covered by The Sun? | What is one controversial event covered by The Sun? | [
"What is one controversial event covered by The Sun?"
] | {
"text": [
"1989 Hillsborough football stadium disaster"
],
"answer_start": [
576
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42542 | 570fa6fd5ab6b81900390f70 | Sexual_orientation | Androphilia and gynephilia (or gynecophilia) are terms used in behavioral science to describe sexual attraction, as an alternative to a homosexual and heterosexual conceptualization. They are used for identifying a subject's object of attraction without attributing a sex assignment or gender identity to the subject. Re... | What are other terms that do not make similar assignments? | What are other terms that do not make similar assignments? | [
"What are other terms that do not make similar assignments?"
] | {
"text": [
"pansexual and polysexual"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12805 | 5ad3057d604f3c001a3fdad2 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | The cardinal deacons are the lowest-ranking cardinals. Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are either officials of the Roman Curia or priests elevated after their 80th birthday. Bishops with diocesan responsibilities, however, are created cardinal priests. | What position do cardinal deacons not hold? | What position do cardinal deacons not hold? | [
"What position do cardinal deacons not hold?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34527 | 56f8b7329b226e1400dd0e9b | Southampton | There are many innovative art galleries in the city. The Southampton City Art Gallery at the Civic Centre is one of the best known and as well as a nationally important Designated Collection, houses several permanent and travelling exhibitions. The Millais Gallery at Southampton Solent University, the John Hansard Gall... | What project, also run by a space, showcases art in Southampton's medieval buildings? | What project, also run by a space, showcases art in Southampton's medieval buildings? | [
"What project, also run by a space, showcases art in Southampton's medieval buildings?"
] | {
"text": [
"Art Vaults"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80945 | 5723df250dadf01500fa1f5d | Queen_Victoria | On 14 January 1858, an Italian refugee from Britain called Orsini attempted to assassinate Napoleon III with a bomb made in England. The ensuing diplomatic crisis destabilised the government, and Palmerston resigned. Derby was reinstated as prime minister. Victoria and Albert attended the opening of a new basin at the ... | What was the name of the French military port that opened on 5 August 1858? | What was the name of the French military port that opened on 5 August 1858? | [
"What was the name of the French military port that opened on 5 August 1858?"
] | {
"text": [
"port of Cherbourg"
],
"answer_start": [
336
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96761 | 5a8cb426fd22b3001a8d8d70 | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Paul's Christology has a specific focus on the death and resurrection of Jesus. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus is directly related to his resurrection and the term "the cross of Christ" used in Galatians 6:12 may be viewed as his abbreviation of the message of the gospels. For Paul, the crucifixion of Jesus was not... | At what time is it believed Paul wrote 1 Corinthians? | At what time is it believed Paul wrote 1 Corinthians? | [
"At what time is it believed Paul wrote 1 Corinthians?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104808 | 573363724776f41900660998 | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | Stock trader and financial risk engineer Nassim Nicholas Taleb, author of the 2007 book The Black Swan, spent years warning against the breakdown of the banking system in particular and the economy in general owing to their use of bad risk models and reliance on forecasting, and their reliance on bad models, and framed... | What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb make a fortune on by making a big financial bet? | What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb make a fortune on by making a big financial bet? | [
"What did Nassim Nicholas Taleb make a fortune on by making a big financial bet?"
] | {
"text": [
"banking stocks"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82388 | 56e708d0de9d37140006811e | Daylight_saving_time | DST clock shifts sometimes complicate timekeeping and can disrupt travel, billing, record keeping, medical devices, heavy equipment, and sleep patterns. Computer software can often adjust clocks automatically, but policy changes by various jurisdictions of the dates and timings of DST may be confusing. | What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times? | What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times? | [
"What do jurisdictions sometimes change that mixes up DST dates and times?"
] | {
"text": [
"policy"
],
"answer_start": [
214
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87069 | 5a1f24463de3f40018b2651a | Videoconferencing | It was only in the 1980s that digital telephony transmission networks became possible, such as with ISDN networks, assuring a minimum bit rate (usually 128 kilobits/s) for compressed video and audio transmission. During this time, there was also research into other forms of digital video and audio communication. Many o... | What other minimum bit rate is not as widely used as videoconferencing? | What other minimum bit rate is not as widely used as videoconferencing? | [
"What other minimum bit rate is not as widely used as videoconferencing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76531 | 5a39a0e22f14dd001ac724e4 | Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy | When the British invaded the harbour town in 1744[verification needed], the town’s architectural buildings were destroyed[verification needed]. Subsequently, new structures were built in the town around the harbour area[verification needed] and the Swedes had also further added to the architectural beauty of the town i... | In what year did the Caribbean war start? | In what year did the Caribbean war start? | [
"In what year did the Caribbean war start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5064 | 56e14735cd28a01900c6771f | Boston | As of 2010 the Catholic Church had the highest number of adherents as a single denomination in the Boston-Cambridge-Newton Metro area, with more than two million members and 339 churches, followed by the Episcopal Church with 58,000 adherents in 160 churches. The United Church of Christ had 55,000 members and 213 churc... | How many Episcopal churches were in the Boston Metro area in 2010? | How many Episcopal churches were in the Boston Metro area in 2010? | [
"How many Episcopal churches were in the Boston Metro area in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"160"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91174 | 5726ba3f708984140094cf62 | Avicenna | Avicenna was born c. 980 in Afšana, a village near Bukhara (in present-day Uzbekistan), the capital of the Samanids, a Persian dynasty in Central Asia and Greater Khorasan. His mother, named Setareh, was from Bukhara; his father, Abdullah, was a respected Ismaili scholar from Balkh, an important town of the Samanid Emp... | What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near? | What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near? | [
"What Samanid dynasty capital was Avicenna born near?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bukhara"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84702 | 5ad4d5565b96ef001a10a26a | San_Diego | San Diego hosts several major producers of wireless cellular technology. Qualcomm was founded and is headquartered in San Diego, and is one of the largest private-sector employers in San Diego. Other wireless industry manufacturers headquartered here include Nokia, LG Electronics, Kyocera International., Cricket Commun... | Why is San Francisco known as an iHub Innovation Center? | Why is San Francisco known as an iHub Innovation Center? | [
"Why is San Francisco known as an iHub Innovation Center?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44532 | 57071c5c9e06ca38007e943f | Chihuahua_(state) | The plains at the foot of the Sierra Madre Occidental is an elongated mesa known as Altiplanicie Mexicana that exhibits a steppe climate and serves as a transition zone from the mountain climate in the western part of the state to the desert climate in the eastern side of the state. The steppe zone accounts for a third... | The steppe is important agriculturally because of what feature? | The steppe is important agriculturally because of what feature? | [
"The steppe is important agriculturally because of what feature?"
] | {
"text": [
"canals"
],
"answer_start": [
712
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113468 | 572eca8ccb0c0d14000f1578 | Vacuum | In ultra high vacuum systems, some very "odd" leakage paths and outgassing sources must be considered. The water absorption of aluminium and palladium becomes an unacceptable source of outgassing, and even the adsorptivity of hard metals such as stainless steel or titanium must be considered. Some oils and greases will... | What are 2 metals that can be absorbed in an ultra high vacuum system? | What are 2 metals that can be absorbed in an ultra high vacuum system? | [
"What are 2 metals that can be absorbed in an ultra high vacuum system?"
] | {
"text": [
"stainless steel or titanium"
],
"answer_start": [
246
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17558 | 5ad22547d7d075001a428535 | Spectre_(2015_film) | Bond and Swann return to London where they meet M, Bill Tanner, Q, and Moneypenny; they intend to arrest C and stop Nine Eyes from going online. Swann leaves Bond, telling him she cannot be part of a life involving espionage, and is subsequently kidnapped. On the way, the group is ambushed and Bond is kidnapped, but th... | Who is taken to the old MI66 building? | Who is taken to the old MI66 building? | [
"Who is taken to the old MI66 building?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55377 | 5727e36dff5b5019007d97af | Baptists | Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). Knibb also pro... | Knibb also protagonised the creation of what? | Knibb also protagonised the creation of what? | [
"Knibb also protagonised the creation of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Free Villages"
],
"answer_start": [
347
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56276 | 57277993708984140094dea7 | Nonprofit_organization | A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, t... | What is the definition of a charity? | What is the definition of a charity? | [
"What is the definition of a charity?"
] | {
"text": [
"nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances"
],
"answer_start": [
15
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7069 | 5ad4ec5c5b96ef001a10a67d | Red | Red is the color most commonly associated with joy and well being. It is the color of celebration and ceremony. A red carpet is often used to welcome distinguished guests. Red is also the traditional color of seats in opera houses and theaters. Scarlet academic gowns are worn by new Doctors of Philosophy at degree cere... | Who was the 4th century Santa Claus in Turkey? | Who was the 4th century Santa Claus in Turkey? | [
"Who was the 4th century Santa Claus in Turkey?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35296 | 5ad0c9d5645df0001a2d035a | Gothic_architecture | From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of th... | What time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of destruction? | What time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of destruction? | [
"What time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of destruction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6219 | 57276c8df1498d1400e8f7be | Late_Middle_Ages | At the end of the Late Middle Ages, professional actors began to appear in England and Europe. Richard III and Henry VII both maintained small companies of professional actors. Their plays were performed in the Great Hall of a nobleman's residence, often with a raised platform at one end for the audience and a "screen"... | In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed? | In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed? | [
"In what part of a nobleman's house were plays performed?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Great Hall"
],
"answer_start": [
207
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101734 | 56d62d1e1c85041400946f84 | Dog | Another study of dogs' roles in families showed many dogs have set tasks or routines undertaken as family members, the most common of which was helping with the washing-up by licking the plates in the dishwasher, and bringing in the newspaper from the lawn. Increasingly, human family members are engaging in activities ... | A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn? | A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn? | [
"A study showed that a task dogs do is bringing in what from the lawn?"
] | {
"text": [
"newspaper"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46456 | 57264f37708984140094c1ff | Department_store | Arnold, Constable was the first American department store. It was founded in 1825 by Aaron Arnold (1794?-1876), an emigrant from Great Britain, as a small dry goods store on Pine Street in New York City. In 1857 the store moved into a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House. During the Civil ... | Where was the store moved in 1857? | Where was the store moved in 1857? | [
"Where was the store moved in 1857?"
] | {
"text": [
"a five-story white marble dry goods palace known as the Marble House."
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3198 | 56dc5f8a14d3a41400c26829 | Genome | The proportion of non-repetitive DNA is calculated by using the length of non-repetitive DNA divided by genome size. Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes are generally non-repetitive DNA. A bigger genome does not mean more genes, and the proportion of non-repetitive DNA decreases along with increasing genome size ... | What are two types of non-repetitive DNA? | What are two types of non-repetitive DNA? | [
"What are two types of non-repetitive DNA?"
] | {
"text": [
"Protein-coding genes and RNA-coding genes"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47925 | 5726bf80f1498d1400e8ea19 | Napoleon | In the Treaty of Fontainebleau, the Allies exiled him to Elba, an island of 12,000 inhabitants in the Mediterranean, 20 km (12 mi) off the Tuscan coast. They gave him sovereignty over the island and allowed him to retain the title of Emperor. Napoleon attempted suicide with a pill he had carried after nearly being capt... | What is the name of the island Napoleon was exiled to? | What is the name of the island Napoleon was exiled to? | [
"What is the name of the island Napoleon was exiled to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Elba"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8950 | 57284b0c4b864d19001648dc | LaserDisc | LaserDisc's support for multiple audio tracks allowed for vast supplemental materials to be included on-disc and made it the first available format for "Special Edition" releases; the 1984 Criterion Collection edition of Citizen Kane is generally credited as being the first "Special Edition" release to home video,[cita... | What bonus features were available on the first home video "Special Edition"? | What bonus features were available on the first home video "Special Edition"? | [
"What bonus features were available on the first home video \"Special Edition\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"interviews, commentary tracks, documentaries, still photographs"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92159 | 5a4fdb9faf0d07001ae8cc5f | Asthma | Many environmental factors have been associated with asthma's development and exacerbation including allergens, air pollution, and other environmental chemicals. Smoking during pregnancy and after delivery is associated with a greater risk of asthma-like symptoms. Low air quality from factors such as traffic pollution ... | What two things are associated with a greater risk of symtoms from phtalates? | What two things are associated with a greater risk of symtoms from phtalates? | [
"What two things are associated with a greater risk of symtoms from phtalates?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102831 | 5acd10bc07355d001abf32f5 | Unicode | The first 256 code points were made identical to the content of ISO-8859-1 so as to make it trivial to convert existing western text. Many essentially identical characters were encoded multiple times at different code points to preserve distinctions used by legacy encodings and therefore, allow conversion from those en... | Latin is what kind of language? | Latin is what kind of language? | [
"Latin is what kind of language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84933 | 5a281f37d1a287001a6d0a88 | Mali | On 19 November 1968, following progressive economic decline, the Keïta regime was overthrown in a bloodless military coup led by Moussa Traoré, a day which is now commemorated as Liberation Day. The subsequent military-led regime, with Traoré as president, attempted to reform the economy. His efforts were frustrated by... | How many attempts were there to overthrow the government in the 1980s? | How many attempts were there to overthrow the government in the 1980s? | [
"How many attempts were there to overthrow the government in the 1980s?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24681 | 56cee774aab44d1400b88c5c | New_York_City | New York's non-white population was 36,620 in 1890. New York City was a prime destination in the early twentieth century for African Americans during the Great Migration from the American South, and by 1916, New York City was home to the largest urban African diaspora in North America. The Harlem Renaissance of literar... | What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York? | What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York? | [
"What was the name of the Prohibition-era African-American cultural flourishing in New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"Harlem Renaissance"
],
"answer_start": [
291
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53410 | 5a69068f8476ee001a58a9d5 | Sichuan | Chengdu Economic and Technological Development Zone (Chinese: 成都经济技术开发区; pinyin: Chéngdū jīngjì jìshù kāifā qū) was approved as state-level development zone in February 2000. The zone now has a developed area of 10.25 km2 (3.96 sq mi) and has a planned area of 26 km2 (10 sq mi). Chengdu Economic and Technological Devel... | What is the capital city of China? | What is the capital city of China? | [
"What is the capital city of China?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21501 | 5730a8cc2461fd1900a9cf59 | Sumer | The Sumerian city-states rose to power during the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumerian written history reaches back to the 27th century BC and before, but the historical record remains obscure until the Early Dynastic III period, c. the 23rd century BC, when a now deciphered syllabary writing system was develop... | During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power? | During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power? | [
"During what periods did the Sumerican city-states rise to power?"
] | {
"text": [
"prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53895 | 56dde17c9a695914005b9643 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | The Commander-in-Chief of the Canadian Armed Forces is the reigning Canadian monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, who is represented by the Governor General of Canada. The Canadian Armed Forces is led by the Chief of the Defence Staff, who is advised and assisted by the Armed Forces Council. | Who advises the Chief of the Defence? | Who advises the Chief of the Defence? | [
"Who advises the Chief of the Defence?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Armed Forces Council."
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80141 | 5a627457f8d794001af1bfe2 | Samoa | The Samoan government has called for deregulation of the financial sector, encouragement of investment, and continued fiscal discipline.[citation needed] Observers point to the flexibility of the labour market as a basic strength for future economic advances.[citation needed] The sector has been helped enormously by ma... | What are two things that have helped the launch of Virgin Samoa? | What are two things that have helped the launch of Virgin Samoa? | [
"What are two things that have helped the launch of Virgin Samoa?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78719 | 573092c08ab72b1400f9c5a7 | Greeks | Most Greeks are Christians, belonging to the Greek Orthodox Church. During the first centuries after Jesus Christ, the New Testament was originally written in Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church, and most of the early Christians and Church Fathers were Greek-speaking. There a... | This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ? | This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ? | [
"This language is the official dialect of worship for the traditional sect for church worshipers of Greece ?"
] | {
"text": [
"Koine Greek, which remains the liturgical language of the Greek Orthodox Church"
],
"answer_start": [
159
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109889 | 57100090b654c5140001f72b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | The largest single execution in United States history was the hanging of 38 American Indians convicted of murder and rape during the Dakota War of 1862. They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota. A single blow from an axe cut the rope that held the large four-sided platform, and the ... | How many people were killed in the largest mass execution in US history? | How many people were killed in the largest mass execution in US history? | [
"How many people were killed in the largest mass execution in US history?"
] | {
"text": [
"38"
],
"answer_start": [
73
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-20746 | 56cd7ab462d2951400fa660b | IPod | Besides earning a reputation as a respected entertainment device, the iPod has also been accepted as a business device. Government departments, major institutions and international organisations have turned to the iPod line as a delivery mechanism for business communication and training, such as the Royal and Western I... | What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business? | What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business? | [
"What are two purposes for which iPods are used in business?"
] | {
"text": [
"communication and training"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102569 | 5a79cef317ab25001a8a009e | Association_football | The Cambridge Rules, first drawn up at Cambridge University in 1848, were particularly influential in the development of subsequent codes, including association football. The Cambridge Rules were written at Trinity College, Cambridge, at a meeting attended by representatives from Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester and Shr... | Which rules were not influential to the codes of association football? | Which rules were not influential to the codes of association football? | [
"Which rules were not influential to the codes of association football?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33175 | 57262c83ec44d21400f3db95 | Incandescent_light_bulb | In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of "ribbon machine" is used. A continuous ribbon of glass is passed along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs are created. After the bulbs are blown, and cooled, ... | What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape? | What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape? | [
"What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape?"
] | {
"text": [
"precisely aligned air nozzles"
],
"answer_start": [
170
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100057 | 572b56d4be1ee31400cb833b | Guam | The core culture or Pengngan Chamorro is based on complex social protocol centered upon respect: From sniffing over the hands of the elders (called mangnginge in Chamorro), the passing down of legends, chants, and courtship rituals, to a person asking for permission from spiritual ancestors before entering a jungle or ... | What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on? | What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on? | [
"What is the culture of Pengngan Chamorro based on?"
] | {
"text": [
"social protocol"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110493 | 57266905f1498d1400e8dece | Professional_wrestling | Typically, matches are staged between a protagonist (historically an audience favorite, known as a babyface, or "the good guy") and an antagonist (historically a villain with arrogance, a tendency to break rules, or other unlikable qualities, called a heel). In recent years, however, antiheroes have also become promine... | What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called? | What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called? | [
"What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called?"
] | {
"text": [
"tweener"
],
"answer_start": [
389
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71659 | 56f8effd9e9bad19000a073f | Near_East | The book was never published. Instead the Normans whirled off to New York. Norman published the gist of his planned travel book curiously mixed with vituperation against the Ottoman Empire in an article in June, 1896, in Scribner's Magazine. The empire had descended from an enlightened civilization ruling over barbaria... | Who did Norman say "turned her back"? | Who did Norman say "turned her back"? | [
"Who did Norman say \"turned her back\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"England"
],
"answer_start": [
949
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82033 | 572aabf334ae481900deac1a | Royal_assent | When the act is assented to by the sovereign in person, or by empowered Royal Commissioners, royal assent is considered given at the moment when the assent is declared in the presence of both houses jointly assembled. When the procedure created by the Royal Assent Act 1967 is followed, assent is considered granted when... | An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what? | An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what? | [
"An assent is considered granted when applying the Royal Assent Act 1967 when both presiding officers have done what?"
] | {
"text": [
"notified their respective house of the grant of royal assent"
],
"answer_start": [
446
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62434 | 5a6a56c4a9e0c9001a4e9d53 | Liberal_Party_of_Australia | The Liberal Party's organisation is dominated by the six state divisions, reflecting the party's original commitment to a federalised system of government (a commitment which was strongly maintained by all Liberal governments until 1983, but was to a large extent abandoned by the Howard Government, which showed strong ... | Which politician purposely created strong state divisions and a stronger national party? | Which politician purposely created strong state divisions and a stronger national party? | [
"Which politician purposely created strong state divisions and a stronger national party?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93421 | 5731405b497a881900248cf6 | Light-emitting_diode | The vast majority of devices containing LEDs are "safe under all conditions of normal use", and so are classified as "Class 1 LED product"/"LED Klasse 1". At present, only a few LEDs—extremely bright LEDs that also have a tightly focused viewing angle of 8° or less—could, in theory, cause temporary blindness, and so ar... | What does being a Class 1 LED product mean? | What does being a Class 1 LED product mean? | [
"What does being a Class 1 LED product mean?"
] | {
"text": [
"safe under all conditions of normal use"
],
"answer_start": [
50
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12322 | 5a65c185c2b11c001a425d39 | Antibiotics | The majority of studies indicate antibiotics do interfere with contraceptive pills, such as clinical studies that suggest the failure rate of contraceptive pills caused by antibiotics is very low (about 1%). In cases where antibacterials have been suggested to affect the efficiency of birth control pills, such as for t... | Do antibiotics interact with intestinal flora? | Do antibiotics interact with intestinal flora? | [
"Do antibiotics interact with intestinal flora?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9987 | 572821723acd2414000df52b | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | In the fall of 1958, Nasser formed a tripartite committee consisting of Zakaria Mohieddin, al-Hawrani, and Salah Bitar to oversee developments in Syria. By moving the latter two, who were Ba'athists, to Cairo, he neutralized important political figures who had their own ideas about how Syria should be run. He put Syria... | In what year did Nasser and Chehab agree to end the Lebanon crisis? | In what year did Nasser and Chehab agree to end the Lebanon crisis? | [
"In what year did Nasser and Chehab agree to end the Lebanon crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"1959"
],
"answer_start": [
666
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37715 | 5728bfe9ff5b5019007da5f1 | London | The majority of primary and secondary schools and further-education colleges in London are controlled by the London boroughs or otherwise state-funded; leading examples include City and Islington College, Ealing, Hammersmith and West London College, Leyton Sixth Form College, Tower Hamlets College and Bethnal Green Aca... | What private boys' school shares in London shares its name with a famous cathedral? | What private boys' school shares in London shares its name with a famous cathedral? | [
"What private boys' school shares in London shares its name with a famous cathedral?"
] | {
"text": [
"St Paul's School,"
],
"answer_start": [
453
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78382 | 572fa95304bcaa1900d76b6f | Greeks | The evolution of Proto-Greek should be considered within the context of an early Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages. The characteristically Greek representation of word-initial laryngeals by prothetic vowels is shared, for one, by the Armenian lang... | What progression coincided with the the early Greek states that makes it difficult to give credit for the language and differences ? | What progression coincided with the the early Greek states that makes it difficult to give credit for the language and differences ? | [
"What progression coincided with the the early Greek states that makes it difficult to give credit for the language and differences ? "
] | {
"text": [
"Paleo-Balkan sprachbund that makes it difficult to delineate exact boundaries between individual languages."
],
"answer_start": [
81
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4223 | 56d4efd92ccc5a1400d83378 | Beyoncé | The release of a video-game Starpower: Beyoncé was cancelled after Beyoncé pulled out of a $100 million with GateFive who alleged the cancellation meant the sacking of 70 staff and millions of pounds lost in development. It was settled out of court by her lawyers in June 2013 who said that they had cancelled because Ga... | How many people lost their jobs over Beyoncé backing out of the deal? | How many people lost their jobs over Beyoncé backing out of the deal? | [
"How many people lost their jobs over Beyoncé backing out of the deal?"
] | {
"text": [
"70"
],
"answer_start": [
168
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35623 | 5a48472784b8a4001a7e7829 | Imperial_College_London | City and Guilds College was founded in 1876 from a meeting of 16 of the City of London's livery companies for the Advancement of Technical Education (CGLI), which aimed to improve the training of craftsmen, technicians, technologists, and engineers. The two main objectives were to create a Central Institution in London... | Who met to improve workiong conditions for craftsmen? | Who met to improve workiong conditions for craftsmen? | [
"Who met to improve workiong conditions for craftsmen?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32905 | 5a32eeb4bd0d7f001aef9514 | Central_African_Republic | There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African c... | During what time did government forces leave the country when there was fighting between rebels and the government? | During what time did government forces leave the country when there was fighting between rebels and the government? | [
"During what time did government forces leave the country when there was fighting between rebels and the government?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10051 | 57282c383acd2414000df636 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere follow... | What economic element did Nasser try to encourage with bank loans? | What economic element did Nasser try to encourage with bank loans? | [
"What economic element did Nasser try to encourage with bank loans?"
] | {
"text": [
"private sector"
],
"answer_start": [
664
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33188 | 5ad19bb3645df0001a2d2115 | Incandescent_light_bulb | The first successful light bulb filaments were made of carbon (from carbonized paper or bamboo). Early carbon filaments had a negative temperature coefficient of resistance — as they got hotter, their electrical resistance decreased. This made the lamp sensitive to fluctuations in the power supply, since a small increa... | What were negative effects of the flashing process? | What were negative effects of the flashing process? | [
"What were negative effects of the flashing process?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100001 | 572b4f0b111d821400f38e4f | Guam | The Northern Mariana Islands had become a Japanese protectorate before the war. It was the Chamorros from the Northern Marianas who were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. ... | How were Guamanian Chamorro viewed by the Japanese? | How were Guamanian Chamorro viewed by the Japanese? | [
"How were Guamanian Chamorro viewed by the Japanese?"
] | {
"text": [
"as an occupied enemy"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83668 | 57265e2b5951b619008f70b4 | Florida | Seminole Indians based in East Florida began raiding Georgia settlements, and offering havens for runaway slaves. The United States Army led increasingly frequent incursions into Spanish territory, including the 1817–1818 campaign against the Seminole Indians by Andrew Jackson that became known as the First Seminole Wa... | Who did the Indians offer haven to | Who did the Indians offer haven to | [
"Who did the Indians offer haven to"
] | {
"text": [
"runaway slaves"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-616 | 56df5a598bc80c19004e4af3 | Plymouth | The 1971 Local Government White Paper proposed abolishing county boroughs, which would have left Plymouth, a town of 250,000 people, being administered from a council based at the smaller Exeter, on the other side of the county. This led to Plymouth lobbying for the creation of a Tamarside county, to include Plymouth, ... | What was the population of Plymouth in 1971? | What was the population of Plymouth in 1971? | [
"What was the population of Plymouth in 1971?"
] | {
"text": [
"250,000"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47733 | 57267326dd62a815002e8540 | Napoleon | Despite the failures in Egypt, Napoleon returned to a hero's welcome. He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand, and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 ("... | Napoleon's successful coup against the directory resulted in the closure of what organization? | Napoleon's successful coup against the directory resulted in the closure of what organization? | [
"Napoleon's successful coup against the directory resulted in the closure of what organization?"
] | {
"text": [
"the council of five hundred"
],
"answer_start": [
394
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75749 | 5705e06c52bb891400689643 | The_Times | The Times is the originator of the widely used Times Roman typeface, originally developed by Stanley Morison of The Times in collaboration with the Monotype Corporation for its legibility in low-tech printing. In November 2006 The Times began printing headlines in a new font, Times Modern. The Times was printed in broa... | Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times? | Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times? | [
"Who was the creator of typeface font used by The Times?"
] | {
"text": [
"Stanley Morison"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23343 | 5ad1423f645df0001a2d1420 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Some legal scholars, such as John Baker of LSU, theorize that Madison's initial proposed language—that Congress should make no law regarding the establishment of a "national religion"—was rejected by the House, in favor of the more general "religion" in an effort to appease the Anti-Federalists. To both the Anti-Federa... | What is John Baker of LLU's profession? | What is John Baker of LLU's profession? | [
"What is John Baker of LLU's profession?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30956 | 5726bd78dd62a815002e8ef6 | Mexico_City | The city is also a leading center of popular culture and music. There are a multitude of venues hosting Spanish and foreign-language performers. These include the 10,000-seat National Auditorium that regularly schedules the Spanish and English-language pop and rock artists, as well as many of the world's leading perfor... | What year was the National Auditorium voted best in the world? | What year was the National Auditorium voted best in the world? | [
"What year was the National Auditorium voted best in the world?"
] | {
"text": [
"2007"
],
"answer_start": [
470
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104895 | 5733797b4776f41900660b6e | Financial_crisis_of_2007%E2%80%9308 | The World Bank reported in February 2009 that the Arab World was far less severely affected by the credit crunch. With generally good balance of payments positions coming into the crisis or with alternative sources of financing for their large current account deficits, such as remittances, Foreign Direct Investment (FD... | What will have the greatest impact on the global economic crisis? | What will have the greatest impact on the global economic crisis? | [
"What will have the greatest impact on the global economic crisis?"
] | {
"text": [
"lower oil prices"
],
"answer_start": [
688
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83160 | 56deda76c65bf219000b3d81 | Arnold_Schwarzenegger | Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident. | At what airport was Schwarzenegger's jet forced to make an emergency landing in 2009? | At what airport was Schwarzenegger's jet forced to make an emergency landing in 2009? | [
"At what airport was Schwarzenegger's jet forced to make an emergency landing in 2009?"
] | {
"text": [
"Van Nuys Airport"
],
"answer_start": [
58
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50525 | 572eae2203f989190075692b | Neptune | An alternative concept is that they formed closer to the Sun, where the matter density was higher, and then subsequently migrated to their current orbits after the removal of the gaseous protoplanetary disc. This hypothesis of migration after formation is favoured, due to its ability to better explain the occupancy of ... | What is the most widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called? | What is the most widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called? | [
"What is the most widely accepted explanation of Neptune's formation called?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Nice model"
],
"answer_start": [
484
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35452 | 5ad0f16f645df0001a2d0887 | Gothic_architecture | On the interior of the building attached shafts often sweep unbroken from floor to ceiling and meet the ribs of the vault, like a tall tree spreading into branches. The verticals are generally repeated in the treatment of the windows and wall surfaces. In many Gothic churches, particularly in France, and in the Perpend... | What does the use of vertical elements harm the most? | What does the use of vertical elements harm the most? | [
"What does the use of vertical elements harm the most?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19145 | 5ad0e4d6645df0001a2d07dd | Premier_League | The Premier League distributes a portion of its television revenue to clubs that are relegated from the league in the form of "parachute payments". Starting with the 2013–14 season, these payments are in excess of £60 million over four seasons. Though designed to help teams adjust to the loss of television revenues (th... | How much to the "bouncing back" payments exceed? | How much to the "bouncing back" payments exceed? | [
"How much to the \"bouncing back\" payments exceed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36372 | 5730132704bcaa1900d77120 | Printed_circuit_board | Moisture absorption occurs when the material is exposed to high humidity or water. Both the resin and the reinforcement may absorb water; water may be also soaked by capillary forces through voids in the materials and along the reinforcement. Epoxies of the FR-4 materials aren't too susceptible, with absorption of only... | What's the approximate relative dielectric constant of most materials in circuit boards? | What's the approximate relative dielectric constant of most materials in circuit boards? | [
"What's the approximate relative dielectric constant of most materials in circuit boards?"
] | {
"text": [
"4"
],
"answer_start": [
671
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99917 | 5ace3d7d32bba1001ae49fed | Guam | Guam (i/ˈɡwɑːm/ or /ˈɡwɒm/; Chamorro: Guåhån;[needs IPA] formally the Territory of Guam) is an unincorporated and organized territory of the United States. Located in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, Guam is one of five American territories with an established civilian government. The capital city is Hagåtña, and the mo... | How many people live in Hagatna? | How many people live in Hagatna? | [
"How many people live in Hagatna?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64056 | 57282b9b3acd2414000df618 | Annelid | The fluid in the coelomata contains coelomocyte cells that defend the animals against parasites and infections. In some species coelomocytes may also contain a respiratory pigment – red hemoglobin in some species, green chlorocruorin in others (dissolved in the plasma) – and provide oxygen transport within their segmen... | What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood? | What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood? | [
"What type of pigment is dissolved in annelids' blood?"
] | {
"text": [
"Respiratory"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
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