gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-3933 | 56beb0683aeaaa14008c9214 | Beyoncé | In 2015 Beyoncé signed an open letter which the ONE Campaign had been collecting signatures for; the letter was addressed to Angela Merkel and Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, urging them to focus on women as they serve as the head of the G7 in Germany and the AU in South Africa respectively, which will start to set the priorit... | The letter Beyonce signed focused on what issue? | The letter Beyonce signed focused on what issue? | [
"The letter Beyonce signed focused on what issue?"
] | {
"text": [
"women"
],
"answer_start": [
191
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10764 | 56fde79819033b140034cd9e | Computer | It combined the high speed of electronics with the ability to be programmed for many complex problems. It could add or subtract 5000 times a second, a thousand times faster than any other machine. It also had modules to multiply, divide, and square root. High speed memory was limited to 20 words (about 80 bytes). Built... | Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC? | Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC? | [
"Where did John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert build the ENIAC?"
] | {
"text": [
"University of Pennsylvania"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38889 | 5a2c5f85bfd06b001a5aeb3e | Serbo-Croatian | In the mid-19th century, Serbian (led by self-taught writer and folklorist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić) and most Croatian writers and linguists (represented by the Illyrian movement and led by Ljudevit Gaj and Đuro Daničić), proposed the use of the most widespread dialect, Shtokavian, as the base for their common standard ... | In the mid 19th century who signed the Vienna Literary Agreement? | In the mid 19th century who signed the Vienna Literary Agreement? | [
"In the mid 19th century who signed the Vienna Literary Agreement?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-108890 | 5a7e43ed70df9f001a87565d | Literature | In ancient India, literature originated from stories that were originally orally transmitted. Early genres included drama, fables, sutras and epic poetry. Sanskrit literature begins with the Vedas, dating back to 1500–1000 BCE, and continues with the Sanskrit Epics of Iron Age India. The Vedas are among the oldest sacr... | What dates back to the years 1005-100 BCE? | What dates back to the years 1005-100 BCE? | [
"What dates back to the years 1005-100 BCE?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42532 | 570fa65280d9841400ab360b | Sexual_orientation | Another study on men and women's patterns of sexual arousal confirmed that men and women have different patterns of arousal, independent of their sexual orientations. The study found that women's genitals become aroused to both human and nonhuman stimuli from movies showing humans of both genders having sex (heterosexu... | What types of stimuli were found to arouse women? | What types of stimuli were found to arouse women? | [
"What types of stimuli were found to arouse women?"
] | {
"text": [
"both human and nonhuman stimuli"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95535 | 5ad3d6fd604f3c001a3ff321 | Yale_University | Milton Winternitz led the Yale Medical School as its dean from 1920 to 1935. Dedicated to the new scientific medicine established in Germany, he was equally fervent about "social medicine" and the study of humans in their culture and environment. He established the "Yale System" of teaching, with few lectures and fewer... | What teaching style did Milton Winternitz reject? | What teaching style did Milton Winternitz reject? | [
"What teaching style did Milton Winternitz reject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33966 | 5ad40ae3604f3c001a3fffd8 | Alaska | Statehood for Alaska was an important cause of James Wickersham early in his tenure as a congressional delegate. Decades later, the statehood movement gained its first real momentum following a territorial referendum in 1946. The Alaska Statehood Committee and Alaska's Constitutional Convention would soon follow. State... | On what day was Alaska unofficially named a state? | On what day was Alaska unofficially named a state? | [
"On what day was Alaska unofficially named a state?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82667 | 56e02cb57aa994140058e2fc | Saint_Helena | Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carrac... | Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island? | Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island? | [
"Who developed a far east trade and began to frequent the island?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Dutch"
],
"answer_start": [
378
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85245 | 57279048708984140094e0f9 | Supreme_court | While the Philippines is generally considered a civil law nation, its Supreme Court is heavily modelled after the American Supreme Court. This can be attributed to the fact that the Philippines was colonized by both Spain and the United States, and the system of laws of both nations strongly influenced the development ... | What type of legal system is the Philippines officially? | What type of legal system is the Philippines officially? | [
"What type of legal system is the Philippines officially?"
] | {
"text": [
"a civil law nation"
],
"answer_start": [
46
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70807 | 573124bb497a881900248bb7 | Bird | The nervous system is large relative to the bird's size. The most developed part of the brain is the one that controls the flight-related functions, while the cerebellum coordinates movement and the cerebrum controls behaviour patterns, navigation, mating and nest building. Most birds have a poor sense of smell with no... | Why do birds need to perceive ultraviolet light? | Why do birds need to perceive ultraviolet light? | [
"Why do birds need to perceive ultraviolet light?"
] | {
"text": [
"courtship"
],
"answer_start": [
762
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45758 | 5731a004e99e3014001e6191 | YouTube | YouTube does not usually offer a download link for its videos, and intends for them to be viewed through its website interface. A small number of videos, such as the weekly addresses by President Barack Obama, can be downloaded as MP4 files. Numerous third-party web sites, applications and browser plug-ins allow users ... | Youtube intends for users to watch videos where? | Youtube intends for users to watch videos where? | [
"Youtube intends for users to watch videos where?"
] | {
"text": [
"through its website"
],
"answer_start": [
97
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-68124 | 5ad42188604f3c001a40076d | Charleston,_South_Carolina | The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Pri... | To which college didn't Sylvester Primer belong? | To which college didn't Sylvester Primer belong? | [
"To which college didn't Sylvester Primer belong?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56427 | 5a0f1b18d7c8500018864585 | Geography_of_the_United_States | From 1989 through 1996, the total area of the US was listed as 9,372,610 km2 (3,618,780 sq mi) (land + inland water only). The listed total area changed to 9,629,091 km2 (3,717,813 sq mi) in 1997 (Great Lakes area and coastal waters added), to 9,631,418 km2 (3,718,711 sq mi) in 2004, to 9,631,420 km2 (3,718,710 sq mi) ... | The total square miles of land only in the United States was 9,372,610 km² during what time period? | The total square miles of land only in the United States was 9,372,610 km² during what time period? | [
"The total square miles of land only in the United States was 9,372,610 km² during what time period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2417 | 56d1f214e7d4791d009025ab | Buddhism | Bodhi and nirvana carry the same meaning, that of being freed from craving, hate, and delusion. In attaining bodhi, the arahant has overcome these obstacles. As a further distinction, the extinction of only hatred and greed (in the sensory context) with some residue of delusion, is called anagami. | Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning? | Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning? | [
"Nirvana and what term carry the same meaning?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bodhi"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94183 | 5a5d55d05e8782001a9d5eb7 | Cork_(city) | The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station ... | What pirate stations where running out of Cork in the 19th century? | What pirate stations where running out of Cork in the 19th century? | [
"What pirate stations where running out of Cork in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22543 | 5a363a5c788daf001a5f8796 | Himachal_Pradesh | Doordarshan is the state-owned television broadcaster. Doordarshan Shimla also provides programs in Pahari language.Multi system operators provide a mix of Nepali, Hindi, English, and international channels via cable. All India Radio is a public radio station. Private FM stations are also available in few cities like S... | What is the name of the state-owned radio station? | What is the name of the state-owned radio station? | [
"What is the name of the state-owned radio station?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33042 | 5725d9dd89a1e219009abfb9 | Incandescent_light_bulb | Lewis Latimer, employed at the time by Edison, developed an improved method of heat-treating carbon filaments which reduced breakage and allowed them to be molded into novel shapes, such as the characteristic "M" shape of Maxim filaments. On 17 January 1882, Latimer received a patent for the "Process of Manufacturing C... | Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent? | Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent? | [
"Who employed Latimer when he developed his first patent?"
] | {
"text": [
"Edison"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63332 | 5a7a10b517ab25001a8a02b2 | Buckingham_Palace | In the Middle Ages, the site of the future palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Where the river was fordable (at Cow Ford), the village of Eye Cross grew. Ownership of the site c... | Which river runs above the palace? | Which river runs above the palace? | [
"Which river runs above the palace?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88220 | 572c0e9b750c471900ed4c9b | God | Many medieval philosophers developed arguments for the existence of God, while attempting to comprehend the precise implications of God's attributes. Reconciling some of those attributes generated important philosophical problems and debates. For example, God's omniscience may seem to imply that God knows how free agen... | Who posited the existence of God? | Who posited the existence of God? | [
"Who posited the existence of God?"
] | {
"text": [
"medieval philosophers"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103194 | 5ad29c2ed7d075001a429bec | Multiracial_American | After the American Revolutionary War, the number and proportion of free people of color increased markedly in the North and the South as slaves were freed. Most northern states abolished slavery, sometimes, like New York, in programs of gradual emancipation that took more than two decades to be completed. The last slav... | What happened to the number of free people of color before the Revolutionary War? | What happened to the number of free people of color before the Revolutionary War? | [
"What happened to the number of free people of color before the Revolutionary War?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102848 | 5727dfedff5b5019007d9743 | Unicode | Each code point has a single General Category property. The major categories are: Letter, Mark, Number, Punctuation, Symbol, Separator and Other. Within these categories, there are subdivisions. The General Category is not useful for every use, since legacy encodings have used multiple characteristics per single code p... | How many General Category properties does each code point have? | How many General Category properties does each code point have? | [
"How many General Category properties does each code point have?"
] | {
"text": [
"a single General Category property"
],
"answer_start": [
20
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100489 | 56e11f7bcd28a01900c6760d | BeiDou_Navigation_Satellite_System | In 2015, the system began its transition towards global coverage with the first launch of a new-generation of satellites, and the 17th one within the new system. | When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage? | When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage? | [
"When did the BeiDou system begin transitioning to global coverage?"
] | {
"text": [
"2015"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101903 | 57290ee56aef051400154a06 | States_of_Germany | In 1952, following a referendum, Baden, Württemberg-Baden, and Württemberg-Hohenzollern merged into Baden-Württemberg. In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as the Saarland. German reunification in 1990, in which the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) ascended into the Federal Republic, re... | In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as which city? | In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as which city? | [
" In 1957, the Saar Protectorate rejoined the Federal Republic as which city?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saarland"
],
"answer_start": [
187
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91806 | 57278f1edd62a815002ea05b | Botany | Judging relationships based on shared characters requires care, since plants may resemble one another through convergent evolution in which characters have arisen independently. Some euphorbias have leafless, rounded bodies adapted to water conservation similar to those of globular cacti, but characters such as the str... | How are common ancestries represented for plant families? | How are common ancestries represented for plant families? | [
"How are common ancestries represented for plant families?"
] | {
"text": [
"tree-like diagrams"
],
"answer_start": [
970
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94044 | 572eae27cb0c0d14000f1455 | Cyprus | Seafood and fish dishes include squid, octopus, red mullet, and sea bass. Cucumber and tomato are used widely in salads. Common vegetable preparations include potatoes in olive oil and parsley, pickled cauliflower and beets, asparagus and taro. Other traditional delicacies of are meat marinated in dried coriander seeds... | What is souvlaki? | What is souvlaki? | [
"What is souvlaki?"
] | {
"text": [
"pork and chicken cooked over charcoal"
],
"answer_start": [
433
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28647 | 572e893d03f989190075674f | Canadian_football | Each play constitutes a down. The offence must advance the ball at least ten yards towards the opponents' goal line within three downs or forfeit the ball to their opponents. Once ten yards have been gained the offence gains a new set of three downs (rather than the four downs given in American football). Downs do not ... | What is another term for a completed play? | What is another term for a completed play? | [
"What is another term for a completed play?"
] | {
"text": [
"down"
],
"answer_start": [
24
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-28970 | 571ac8cc32177014007e9f01 | Pharmaceutical_industry | Pharmaceutical fraud involves deceptions which bring financial gain to a pharmaceutical company. It affects individuals and public and private insurers. There are several different schemes used to defraud the health care system which are particular to the pharmaceutical industry. These include: Good Manufacturing Pract... | What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system? | What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system? | [
"What are some of the schemes used to defraud the health care system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) Violations, Off Label Marketing, Best Price Fraud, CME Fraud, Medicaid Price Reporting, and Manufactured Compound Drugs."
],
"answer_start": [
296
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109933 | 5ad3f096604f3c001a3ff84b | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Several states have never had capital punishment, the first being Michigan, which abolished it shortly after entering the Union. (However, the United States government executed Tony Chebatoris at the Federal Correctional Institution in Milan, Michigan in 1938.) Article 4, Section 46 of Michigan's fourth Constitution (r... | What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws disallowing capital punishment? | What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws disallowing capital punishment? | [
"What article of the fourth Michigan Constitution forbids laws disallowing capital punishment?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104023 | 570b9fa36b8089140040f9c3 | Infrared | The sensitivity of Earth-based infrared telescopes is significantly limited by water vapor in the atmosphere, which absorbs a portion of the infrared radiation arriving from space outside of selected atmospheric windows. This limitation can be partially alleviated by placing the telescope observatory at a high altitude... | What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere? | What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere? | [
"What sorts of telescopes completely avoid water vapor in Earth's atmosphere?"
] | {
"text": [
"Space telescopes"
],
"answer_start": [
388
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85802 | 57112478a58dae1900cd6c9b | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The unlicensed clone market has flourished following Nintendo's discontinuation of the NES. Some of the more exotic of these resulting systems have gone beyond the functionality of the original hardware and have included variations such as a portable system with a color LCD (e.g. PocketFami). Others have been produced ... | What feature does the PocketFami have? | What feature does the PocketFami have? | [
"What feature does the PocketFami have?"
] | {
"text": [
"color LCD"
],
"answer_start": [
265
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115270 | 57263afcec44d21400f3dc69 | Mammal | The epidermis is typically 10 to 30 cells thick; its main function is to provide a waterproof layer. Its outermost cells are constantly lost; its bottommost cells are constantly dividing and pushing upward. The middle layer, the dermis, is 15 to 40 times thicker than the epidermis. The dermis is made up of many compone... | What is the typical thickness of the epidermis? | What is the typical thickness of the epidermis? | [
"What is the typical thickness of the epidermis?"
] | {
"text": [
"10 to 30 cells thick"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64448 | 5728531a4b864d190016494a | John_von_Neumann | He invited a Roman Catholic priest, Father Anselm Strittmatter, O.S.B., to visit him for consultation. Von Neumann reportedly said in explanation that Pascal had a point, referring to Pascal's Wager. Father Strittmatter administered the last sacraments to him. Some of von Neumann's friends (such as Abraham Pais and Osk... | Was there conflict of faith and beliefs at the end of von NEumann's life? | Was there conflict of faith and beliefs at the end of von NEumann's life? | [
"Was there conflict of faith and beliefs at the end of von NEumann's life?"
] | {
"text": [
"he suddenly turned Catholic—it doesn't agree with anything whatsoever in his attitude, outlook and thinking when he was healthy"
],
"answer_start": [
514
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60156 | 572f90e2a23a5019007fc76b | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University spent its first half century in downtown St. Louis bounded by Washington Ave., Lucas Place, and Locust Street. By the 1890s, owing to the dramatic expansion of the Manual School and a new benefactor in Robert Brookings, the University began to move west. The University Board of Directors began a p... | What nickname was given to the new campus site? | What nickname was given to the new campus site? | [
"What nickname was given to the new campus site?"
] | {
"text": [
"\"Hilltop\" campus"
],
"answer_start": [
707
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63163 | 572b9c6fbe1ee31400cb8469 | Czech_language | Czech syntax has a subject–verb–object sentence structure. In practice, however, word order is flexible and used for topicalization and focus. Although Czech has a periphrastic passive construction (like English), colloquial word-order changes frequently produce the passive voice. For example, to change "Peter killed P... | What case is the grammatical object of a verb? | What case is the grammatical object of a verb? | [
"What case is the grammatical object of a verb?"
] | {
"text": [
"accusative"
],
"answer_start": [
504
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3773 | 56d4c1c12ccc5a1400d831e6 | Beyoncé | Beyoncé announced a hiatus from her music career in January 2010, heeding her mother's advice, "to live life, to be inspired by things again". During the break she and her father parted ways as business partners. Beyoncé's musical break lasted nine months and saw her visit multiple European cities, the Great Wall of Ch... | What did Beyoncé announce in January 2010? | What did Beyoncé announce in January 2010? | [
"What did Beyoncé announce in January 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"a hiatus"
],
"answer_start": [
18
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63299 | 5725bed7ec44d21400f3d4b1 | Buckingham_Palace | Originally known as Buckingham House, the building at the core of today's palace was a large townhouse built for the Duke of Buckingham in 1703 on a site that had been in private ownership for at least 150 years. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a private residence for Queen Charlotte and became known as "... | Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761? | Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761? | [
"Which king acquired the Buckingham House in 1761?"
] | {
"text": [
"King George III"
],
"answer_start": [
232
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62619 | 5729410f6aef051400154c05 | Software_testing | Beta testing comes after alpha testing and can be considered a form of external user acceptance testing. Versions of the software, known as beta versions, are released to a limited audience outside of the programming team known as beta testers. The software is released to groups of people so that further testing can en... | To whom is the beta testing released to? | To whom is the beta testing released to? | [
"To whom is the beta testing released to?"
] | {
"text": [
"limited audience outside of the programming"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37045 | 5725cad2ec44d21400f3d59f | Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation | A key aspect of the Gates Foundation's U.S. efforts involves an overhaul of the country's education policies at both the K-12 and college levels, including support for teacher evaluations and charter schools and opposition to seniority-based layoffs and other aspects of the education system that are typically backed by... | how much did it spend in 2009 | how much did it spend in 2009 | [
"how much did it spend in 2009"
] | {
"text": [
"It spent $373 million on education in 2009."
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19223 | 5733f9bcd058e614000b66e4 | Premier_League | Players may only be transferred during transfer windows that are set by the Football Association. The two transfer windows run from the last day of the season to 31 August and from 31 December to 31 January. Player registrations cannot be exchanged outside these windows except under specific licence from the FA, usuall... | What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team? | What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team? | [
"What is the maximum number of players able to be registered to a Premier League team?"
] | {
"text": [
"25"
],
"answer_start": [
460
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12545 | 5ad2dc0dd7d075001a42a511 | Cardinal_(Catholicism) | In 1059, the right of electing the pope was reserved to the principal clergy of Rome and the bishops of the seven suburbicarian sees. In the 12th century the practice of appointing ecclesiastics from outside Rome as cardinals began, with each of them assigned a church in Rome as his titular church or linked with one of... | Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned? | Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned? | [
"Where outside of Rome were the ecclesiastics assigned?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30715 | 572672d9708984140094c670 | Mexico_City | On Thursday, September 19, 1985, at 7:19 am local time, Mexico City was struck by an earthquake of magnitude 8.1 on the Richter scale. Although this earthquake was not as deadly or destructive as many similar events in Asia and other parts of Latin America, it proved to be a disaster politically for the one-party gover... | Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985? | Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985? | [
"Why did the one-party government struggle after the major earthquake in 1985?"
] | {
"text": [
"paralyzed by its own bureaucracy and corruption"
],
"answer_start": [
346
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62712 | 5acd021207355d001abf3194 | Pain | Pain is usually transitory, lasting only until the noxious stimulus is removed or the underlying damage or pathology has healed, but some painful conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis, peripheral neuropathy, cancer and idiopathic pain, may persist for years. Pain that lasts a long time is called chronic or persisten... | How many months does acute pain last? | How many months does acute pain last? | [
"How many months does acute pain last?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27889 | 5729fcffaf94a219006aa725 | Energy | Energy gives rise to weight when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum, where it can be weighed. It is also equivalent to mass, and this mass is always associated with it. Mass is also equivalent to a certain amount of energy, and likewise always appears associated with it, as described in mass-energy equivalenc... | When does energy give rise to weight? | When does energy give rise to weight? | [
"When does energy give rise to weight?"
] | {
"text": [
"when it is trapped in a system with zero momentum"
],
"answer_start": [
28
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63786 | 5727d5c02ca10214002d97a5 | USB | The standard connectors were designed to be robust. Because USB is hot-pluggable, the connectors would be used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than other connectors. Many previous connector designs were fragile, specifying embedded component pins or other delicate parts that were vulnerable to bending or b... | How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected? | How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected? | [
"How are the electrical contents of a USB connector protected?"
] | {
"text": [
"by an adjacent plastic tongue"
],
"answer_start": [
386
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96670 | 57278a8b5951b619008f8cdf | Crucifixion_of_Jesus | Another issue has been the use of a hypopodium as a standing platform to support the feet, given that the hands may not have been able to support the weight. In the 17th century Rasmus Bartholin considered a number of analytical scenarios of that topic. In the 20th century, forensic pathologist Frederick Zugibe perform... | Who also used suspension as a form of punishment? | Who also used suspension as a form of punishment? | [
"Who also used suspension as a form of punishment?"
] | {
"text": [
"Nazis"
],
"answer_start": [
628
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7885 | 5726d15cdd62a815002e9135 | Copyright_infringement | Cara Cusumano, director of the Tribeca Film Festival, stated in April 2014: "Piracy is less about people not wanting to pay and more about just wanting the immediacy – people saying, 'I want to watch Spiderman right now' and downloading it". The statement occurred during the third year that the festival used the Intern... | What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free? | What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free? | [
"What behavior is not just done by people who want content for free?"
] | {
"text": [
"downloading"
],
"answer_start": [
485
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52580 | 57296f9aaf94a219006aa40d | Planck_constant | where the uncertainty is given as the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value. There are a number of other such pairs of physically measurable values which obey a similar rule. One example is time vs. energy. The either-or nature of uncertainty forces measurement attempts to choose between trad... | How is uncertainly measured in this experience? | How is uncertainly measured in this experience? | [
"How is uncertainly measured in this experience?"
] | {
"text": [
"the standard deviation of the measured value from its expected value"
],
"answer_start": [
34
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-62165 | 572680bb5951b619008f74f1 | Chicago_Cubs | In June, 1998 Sammy Sosa exploded into the pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record. Sosa had 13 home runs entering the month, representing less than half of Mark McGwire's total. Sosa had his first of four multi-home run games that month on June 1, and went on to break Rudy York's record with 20 home runs in the month,... | When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? | When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? | [
"When did Sammy Sosa explode into pursuit of Roger Maris' home run record? "
] | {
"text": [
"1998"
],
"answer_start": [
9
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52101 | 5ad38a0d604f3c001a3fe5a2 | Miami | The northern side of Miami includes Midtown, a district with a great mix of diversity with many West Indians, Hispanics, European Americans, bohemians, and artists. Edgewater, and Wynwood, are neighborhoods of Midtown and are made up mostly of high-rise residential towers and are home to the Adrienne Arsht Center for t... | What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1960s Miami? | What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1960s Miami? | [
"What is the name of the architectural style originating in 1960s Miami?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80744 | 5722cbc2f6b826140030fc3d | Queen_Victoria | In 1853, Victoria gave birth to her eighth child, Leopold, with the aid of the new anaesthetic, chloroform. Victoria was so impressed by the relief it gave from the pain of childbirth that she used it again in 1857 at the birth of her ninth and final child, Beatrice, despite opposition from members of the clergy, who c... | Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth? | Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth? | [
"Why did medical professionals advise against using an anaesthetic during childbirth?"
] | {
"text": [
"thought it dangerous"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76248 | 5726dcb95951b619008f8047 | Utrecht | Utrecht is the centre of a densely populated area, which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary. The smaller Utrecht agglomeration of continuously built up areas counts some 420,000 inhabitants and includes Nieuwegein, IJsselstein and Maarssen. It is sometimes argued that the c... | What does the dense population make difficult | What does the dense population make difficult | [
"What does the dense population make difficult "
] | {
"text": [
"which makes concise definitions of its agglomeration difficult, and somewhat arbitrary."
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5647 | 5ad27edad7d075001a42972f | House_music | House also had an influence of relaying political messages to people who were considered to be outcasts of society. The music appealed to those who didn't fit into mainstream American society and was especially celebrated by many black males. Frankie Knuckles once said that the Warehouse club in Chicago was like "churc... | Who did Jefferson once say the Warehouse club was for? | Who did Jefferson once say the Warehouse club was for? | [
"Who did Jefferson once say the Warehouse club was for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61263 | 572efadd03f9891900756b09 | Flowering_plant | Fossilized spores suggest that higher plants (embryophytes) have lived on land for at least 475 million years. Early land plants reproduced sexually with flagellated, swimming sperm, like the green algae from which they evolved. An adaptation to terrestrialization was the development of upright meiosporangia for disper... | How long have higher plants lived on land? | How long have higher plants lived on land? | [
"How long have higher plants lived on land?"
] | {
"text": [
"at least 475 million years"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10973 | 5ad2a0edd7d075001a429cae | Anthropology | During the last three decades of the 19th century a proliferation of anthropological societies and associations occurred, most independent, most publishing their own journals, and all international in membership and association. The major theorists belonged to these organizations. They supported the gradual osmosis of ... | What was there a proliferation of in the 1900's? | What was there a proliferation of in the 1900's? | [
"What was there a proliferation of in the 1900's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30468 | 5ace16a532bba1001ae49a8b | Appalachian_Mountains | While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spa... | How was the name of the Narvaez expedition transcribed? | How was the name of the Narvaez expedition transcribed? | [
"How was the name of the Narvaez expedition transcribed?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33077 | 5ad18e11645df0001a2d1f16 | Incandescent_light_bulb | The spectrum emitted by a blackbody radiator at temperatures of incandescent bulbs does not match the sensitivity characteristics of the human eye; the light emitted does not appear white, and most is not in the range of wavelengths at which the eye is most sensitive. Tungsten filaments radiate mostly infrared radiatio... | What known material can be used as a filament at 95 lumens per watt? | What known material can be used as a filament at 95 lumens per watt? | [
"What known material can be used as a filament at 95 lumens per watt?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38056 | 57302aab04bcaa1900d772a5 | Roman_Republic | During this period, Roman soldiers seem to have been modelled after those of the Etruscans to the north, who themselves seem to have copied their style of warfare from the Greeks. Traditionally, the introduction of the phalanx formation into the Roman army is ascribed to the city's penultimate king, Servius Tullius (ru... | Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army? | Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army? | [
"Who introduced the phalanx formation into Rome's army?"
] | {
"text": [
"Servius Tullius"
],
"answer_start": [
301
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94677 | 5726d611708984140094d2e0 | Queen_(band) | Queen have been recognised as having made significant contributions to such genres as hard rock, and heavy metal, among others. Hence, the band have been cited as an influence by many other musicians. Moreover, like their music, the bands and artists that have claimed to be influenced by Queen and have expressed admira... | This band with a flower in their name was influenced by Queen? | This band with a flower in their name was influenced by Queen? | [
"This band with a flower in their name was influenced by Queen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Guns N' Roses"
],
"answer_start": [
556
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74013 | 56de308f4396321400ee266e | Architecture | In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the producti... | When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used? | When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used? | [
"When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?"
] | {
"text": [
"late 20th century"
],
"answer_start": [
7
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25090 | 56d107ab17492d1400aab796 | New_York_City | The New York City Fire Department faces highly multifaceted firefighting challenges in many ways unique to New York. In addition to responding to building types that range from wood-frame single family homes to high-rise structures, there are many secluded bridges and tunnels, as well as large parks and wooded areas th... | What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands? | What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands? | [
"What types of fires can start in parks and woodlands?"
] | {
"text": [
"brush fires"
],
"answer_start": [
340
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26968 | 5709eb696d058f1900182c23 | United_States_dollar | Technically, all these coins are still legal tender at face value, though some are far more valuable today for their numismatic value, and for gold and silver coins, their precious metal value. From 1965 to 1970 the Kennedy half dollar was the only circulating coin with any silver content, which was removed in 1971 and... | What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for? | What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for? | [
"What are non primarily gold and silver coins valuable for?"
] | {
"text": [
"their numismatic value"
],
"answer_start": [
111
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11834 | 56faeb28f34c681400b0c1a1 | Somalis | Qado or lunch is often elaborate. Varieties of bariis (rice), the most popular probably being basmati, usually serve as the main dish. Spices like cumin, cardamom, cloves, cinnamon, and garden sage are used to aromatize these different rice delicacies. Somalis eat dinner as late as 9 pm. During Ramadan, supper is often... | What is the most popular variety of bariis? | What is the most popular variety of bariis? | [
"What is the most popular variety of bariis?"
] | {
"text": [
"basmati"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5433 | 572a2eb21d04691400779828 | Digimon | A new Digimon series was announced 30 months after the end of Digimon Fusion at a 15th anniversary concert and theater event for the franchise in August 2014. The series announced the return of the protagonists from the original Digimon Adventure series, most of them now as high school students. A countdown clicking ga... | When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon? | When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon? | [
"When was the 15th year anniversary held for Digimon?"
] | {
"text": [
"August 2014"
],
"answer_start": [
146
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22745 | 5a125b556614be00188f253f | Exhibition_game | High school football teams frequently participate in controlled scrimmages with other teams during preseason practice, but exhibition games are rare because of league rules and concerns about finances, travel and player injuries, along with enrollments not being registered until the early part of August in most school ... | What type of exhibition game do freshmen normally playing? | What type of exhibition game do freshmen normally playing? | [
"What type of exhibition game do freshmen normally playing?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2256 | 56d1271017492d1400aaba9d | Buddhism | Rebirth refers to a process whereby beings go through a succession of lifetimes as one of many possible forms of sentient life, each running from conception to death. The doctrine of anattā (Sanskrit anātman) rejects the concepts of a permanent self or an unchanging, eternal soul, as it is called in Hinduism and Christ... | Sentient life according to Buddhism runs between what two points? | Sentient life according to Buddhism runs between what two points? | [
"Sentient life according to Buddhism runs between what two points?"
] | {
"text": [
"from conception to death."
],
"answer_start": [
141
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81409 | 5ad17166645df0001a2d1bc0 | Queen_Victoria | During Victoria's first pregnancy in 1840, in the first few months of the marriage, 18-year-old Edward Oxford attempted to assassinate her while she was riding in a carriage with Prince Albert on her way to visit her mother. Oxford fired twice, but either both bullets missed or, as he later claimed, the guns had no sho... | How old wasn't Edward Oxford? | How old wasn't Edward Oxford? | [
"How old wasn't Edward Oxford?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99968 | 5ace43e332bba1001ae4a125 | Guam | Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. O... | In what year did Spain colonize Mexico City? | In what year did Spain colonize Mexico City? | [
"In what year did Spain colonize Mexico City?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97677 | 56d3a9282ccc5a1400d82dc8 | Frédéric_Chopin | Polish composers of the following generation included virtuosi such as Moritz Moszkowski, but, in the opinion of J. Barrie Jones, his "one worthy successor" among his compatriots was Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937). Edvard Grieg, Antonín Dvořák, Isaac Albéniz, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky and Sergei Rachmaninoff, among other... | Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones? | Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones? | [
"Who was Chopin's worthy successor according to Jones?"
] | {
"text": [
"Karol Szymanowski"
],
"answer_start": [
183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30692 | 57265d79708984140094c3ad | Mexico_City | During this battle, on September 13, the 4th Division, under John A. Quitman, spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle. Future Confederate generals George E. Pickett and James Longstreet participated in the attack. Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños H... | Who were the future confederate generals? | Who were the future confederate generals? | [
"Who were the future confederate generals?"
] | {
"text": [
"George E. Pickett and James Longstreet"
],
"answer_start": [
173
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116375 | 570702a89e06ca38007e92a9 | Letter_case | Typographically, the basic difference between the majuscules and minuscules is not that the majuscules are big and minuscules small, but that the majuscules generally have the same height. The height of the minuscules varies, as some of them have parts higher or lower than the average, i.e. ascenders and descenders. In... | Who do majuscules have which distinguish themselves from minuscules? | Who do majuscules have which distinguish themselves from minuscules? | [
"Who do majuscules have which distinguish themselves from minuscules?"
] | {
"text": [
"generally have the same height"
],
"answer_start": [
157
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89615 | 572fddffb2c2fd1400568532 | The_Blitz | Y-Gerät was the most complex system of the three. It was, in effect, an automatic beam-tracking system, operated through the bomber's autopilot. The single approach beam along which the bomber tracked was monitored by a ground controller. The signals from the station were retransmitted by the bomber's equipment. This w... | Who operated the automatic beam system? | Who operated the automatic beam system? | [
"Who operated the automatic beam system?"
] | {
"text": [
"the bomber's autopilot"
],
"answer_start": [
121
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14539 | 572faa5304bcaa1900d76b97 | Han_dynasty | One of the Han's greatest mathematical advancements was the world's first use of negative numbers. Negative numbers first appeared in the Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art as black counting rods, where positive numbers were represented by red counting rods. Negative numbers are used in the Bakhshali manuscript of a... | In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe? | In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe? | [
"In what century were negative numbers more commonly accepted in Europe?"
] | {
"text": [
"16th century AD"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-32625 | 570e10d20b85d914000d7c9f | Antarctica | Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy... | Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size? | Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size? | [
"Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size?"
] | {
"text": [
"larger"
],
"answer_start": [
606
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42953 | 570d7143fed7b91900d46116 | Franco-Prussian_War | Some historians argue that Napoleon III also sought war, particularly for the diplomatic defeat in 1866 in leveraging any benefits from the Austro-Prussian War, and he believed he would win a conflict with Prussia. They also argue that he wanted a war to resolve growing domestic political problems. Other historians, no... | Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III? | Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III? | [
"Before the war, French voters overwhelming supported what program of Napoleon III?"
] | {
"text": [
"a national plebiscite"
],
"answer_start": [
479
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-5911 | 5ad01bc577cf76001a686a40 | Late_Middle_Ages | Despite these crises, the 14th century was also a time of great progress in the arts and sciences. Following a renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman texts that took root in the High Middle Ages, the Italian Renaissance began. The absorption of Latin texts had started before the Renaissance of the 12th century thr... | What kind of texts didn't Byzantine scholars take with them when they fled Constantinople? | What kind of texts didn't Byzantine scholars take with them when they fled Constantinople? | [
"What kind of texts didn't Byzantine scholars take with them when they fled Constantinople?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19362 | 5727ccf43acd2414000decbe | Rule_of_law | All government officers of the United States, including the President, the Justices of the Supreme Court, state judges and legislators, and all members of Congress, pledge first and foremost to uphold the Constitution. These oaths affirm that the rule of law is superior to the rule of any human leader. At the same time... | According to the Constitution, what is superior to the rules of man? | According to the Constitution, what is superior to the rules of man? | [
"According to the Constitution, what is superior to the rules of man?"
] | {
"text": [
"rule of law"
],
"answer_start": [
247
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90654 | 5731f87ae17f3d1400422594 | Pacific_War | Two battle-hardened Australian divisions were steaming from the Mid-East for Singapore. Churchill wanted them diverted to Burma, but Curtin insisted on a return to Australia. In early 1942 elements of the Imperial Japanese Navy proposed an invasion of Australia. The Japanese Army opposed the plan and it was rejected in... | Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to? | Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to? | [
"Where did Churchill want the Australian divisions bound for Singapore to be diverted to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Burma"
],
"answer_start": [
122
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113284 | 5a876fda1d3cee001a6a1198 | Vacuum | Vacuum is space void of matter. The word stems from the Latin adjective vacuus for "vacant" or "void". An approximation to such vacuum is a region with a gaseous pressure much less than atmospheric pressure. Physicists often discuss ideal test results that would occur in a perfect vacuum, which they sometimes simply ca... | What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from? | What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from? | [
"What Latin adjective does atmospheric pressure come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87699 | 5729d2193f37b3190047857e | IBM | DeveloperWorks is a website run by IBM for software developers and IT professionals. It contains how-to articles and tutorials, as well as software downloads and code samples, discussion forums, podcasts, blogs, wikis, and other resources for developers and technical professionals. Subjects range from open, industry-st... | IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered? | IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered? | [
"IBM products such as WebSphere and Rational are covered on DeveloperWorks, what other three IBM products are covered?"
] | {
"text": [
"Lotus, Tivoli and Information Management"
],
"answer_start": [
456
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-325 | 56f956539b226e1400dd1356 | Marshall_Islands | The Spanish ship San Pedro and two other vessels in an expedition commanded by Miguel López de Legazpi discovered an island on January 9, 1530, possibly Mejit, at 10°N, which they named "Los Barbudos". The Spaniards went ashore and traded with the local inhabitants. On January 10, the Spaniards sighted another island t... | Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro? | Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro? | [
"Who led the expedition involving the ship San Pedro?"
] | {
"text": [
"Miguel López de Legazpi"
],
"answer_start": [
79
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-97506 | 56cfe4a4234ae51400d9c015 | Frédéric_Chopin | In April, during the Revolution of 1848 in Paris, he left for London, where he performed at several concerts and at numerous receptions in great houses. This tour was suggested to him by his Scottish pupil Jane Stirling and her elder sister. Stirling also made all the logistical arrangements and provided much of the ne... | Where did Chopin head to during the Revolution of 1848? | Where did Chopin head to during the Revolution of 1848? | [
"Where did Chopin head to during the Revolution of 1848?"
] | {
"text": [
"London"
],
"answer_start": [
62
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86066 | 573013ad947a6a140053d068 | Tucson,_Arizona | A combination of urban and suburban development, the West Side is generally defined as the area west of I-10. Western Tucson encompasses the banks of the Santa Cruz River and the foothills of the Tucson Mountains, and includes the International Wildlife Museum, Sentinel Peak, and the Marriott Starr Pass Resort & Spa, l... | What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon? | What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon? | [
"What is the name of the national park in Old West Tuscon?"
] | {
"text": [
"Saguaro National Park West"
],
"answer_start": [
670
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27575 | 573022c004bcaa1900d77204 | Liberia | The Legislature is composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The House, led by a speaker, has 73 members apportioned among the 15 counties on the basis of the national census, with each county receiving a minimum of two members. Each House member represents an electoral district within a county as drawn ... | What are the 73 members of the house are appropriated among? | What are the 73 members of the house are appropriated among? | [
"What are the 73 members of the house are appropriated among? "
] | {
"text": [
"the 15 counties on the basis of the national census"
],
"answer_start": [
138
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71763 | 56f902ac9e9bad19000a07c7 | Near_East | The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), an independent agency under the Department of State established in place of the Marshall Plan for the purpose of determining and distributing foreign aid, does not use the term Near East. Its definition of Middle East corresponds to that of the State Department, wh... | What term does USAID not use? | What term does USAID not use? | [
"What term does USAID not use?"
] | {
"text": [
"the term Near East"
],
"answer_start": [
223
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90366 | 5727d99a3acd2414000dee0f | Tibet | After the Xinhai Revolution (1911–12) toppled the Qing dynasty and the last Qing troops were escorted out of Tibet, the new Republic of China apologized for the actions of the Qing and offered to restore the Dalai Lama's title. The Dalai Lama refused any Chinese title and declared himself ruler of an independent Tibet.... | When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual recognition? | When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual recognition? | [
"When did Tibet and Mongolia conclude a treaty of mutual recognition?"
] | {
"text": [
"1913"
],
"answer_start": [
324
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59045 | 5a3040d2f1f7c7001ab92d09 | A_cappella | In July 1943, as a result of the American Federation of Musicians boycott of US recording studios, the a cappella vocal group The Song Spinners had a best-seller with "Comin' In On A Wing And A Prayer". In the 1950s several recording groups, notably The Hi-Los and the Four Freshmen, introduced complex jazz harmonies to... | What was the name of The Song Spinners best seller in the 1950's? | What was the name of The Song Spinners best seller in the 1950's? | [
"What was the name of The Song Spinners best seller in the 1950's?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22931 | 5735c081e853931400426b41 | Kathmandu | The National Museum is located in the western part of Kathmandu, near the Swayambhunath stupa in an historical building. This building was constructed in the early 19th century by General Bhimsen Thapa. It is the most important museum in the country, housing an extensive collection of weapons, art and antiquities of hi... | Who built the building that contains the National Museum? | Who built the building that contains the National Museum? | [
"Who built the building that contains the National Museum?"
] | {
"text": [
"Bhimsen Thapa"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64610 | 5733ecdb4776f41900661521 | Portugal | The President, who is elected to a five-year term, has an executive role: the current President is Aníbal Cavaco Silva. The Assembly of the Republic is a single chamber parliament composed of 230 deputies elected for a four-year term. The Government is headed by the Prime Minister (currently António Costa) and includes... | Who is the current president of Portugal? | Who is the current president of Portugal? | [
"Who is the current president of Portugal?"
] | {
"text": [
"Aníbal Cavaco Silva"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-91498 | 5acea8e732bba1001ae4af40 | Avicenna | Avicenna's psychology requires that connection between the body and soul be strong enough to ensure the soul's individuation, but weak enough to allow for its immortality. Avicenna grounds his psychology on physiology, which means his account of the soul is one that deals almost entirely with the natural science of the... | How does man first perceive features of an subject? | How does man first perceive features of an subject? | [
"How does man first perceive features of an subject?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-104505 | 5ad23668d7d075001a428809 | Mandolin | Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected an... | What isn't crosspicking? | What isn't crosspicking? | [
" What isn't crosspicking?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55994 | 56e79b8300c9c71400d77390 | Arena_Football_League | Although the Drive moved to Massachusetts for the 1994 season, the AFL had a number of other teams which it considered "dynasties", including the Tampa Bay Storm (the only team that has existed in some form for all twenty-eight contested seasons), their arch-rival the Orlando Predators, the now-defunct San Jose SaberCa... | What team is cited as a rival of the Tampa Bay franchise? | What team is cited as a rival of the Tampa Bay franchise? | [
"What team is cited as a rival of the Tampa Bay franchise?"
] | {
"text": [
"Orlando Predators"
],
"answer_start": [
269
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65695 | 5728d1552ca10214002da89f | Detroit | An important civic sculpture in Detroit is "The Spirit of Detroit" by Marshall Fredericks at the Coleman Young Municipal Center. The image is often used as a symbol of Detroit and the statue itself is occasionally dressed in sports jerseys to celebrate when a Detroit team is doing well. A memorial to Joe Louis at the i... | Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial? | Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial? | [
"Who sculpted the Joe Louis memorial?"
] | {
"text": [
"Robert Graham"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-59559 | 5ad16638645df0001a2d19b3 | Electric_motor | In a WRIM, the rotor winding is made of many turns of insulated wire and is connected to slip rings on the motor shaft. An external resistor or other control devices can be connected in the rotor circuit. Resistors allow control of the motor speed, although significant power is dissipated in the external resistance. A ... | What can a resistor never control? | What can a resistor never control? | [
" What can a resistor never control?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60689 | 5ace4be532bba1001ae4a201 | Ann_Arbor,_Michigan | WPXD channel 31, an affiliate of the ION Television network, is licensed to the city. WHTV channel 18, a MyNetworkTV-affiliated station for the Lansing market, broadcasts from a transmitter in Lyndon Township, west of Ann Arbor. Community Television Network (CTN) is a city-provided cable television channel with product... | Where is WHTV channel 81 based? | Where is WHTV channel 81 based? | [
"Where is WHTV channel 81 based?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-46654 | 5ad0c404645df0001a2d0252 | Department_store | In Puerto Rico, various department stores have operated, such as Sears, JC Penney, Macy's, Kmart, Wal-Mart, Marshalls, Burlington Coat Factory, T.J. Maxx, Costco, Sam's Club and others. La New York was a Puerto Rican department store. Topeka, Capri and Pitusa are competitors on the Puerto Rican market that also have hy... | What two minor retailers have plans to do business in the mall once it opens? | What two minor retailers have plans to do business in the mall once it opens? | [
"What two minor retailers have plans to do business in the mall once it opens?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84890 | 5a27f540d1a287001a6d0a5d | Mali | Mali (i/ˈmɑːli/; French: [maˈli]), officially the Republic of Mali (French: République du Mali), is a landlocked country in West Africa. Mali is the eighth-largest country in Africa, with an area of just over 1,240,000 square kilometres (480,000 sq mi). The population of Mali is 14.5 million. Its capital is Bamako. Mal... | Which African coast is Mali? | Which African coast is Mali? | [
"Which African coast is Mali?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60390 | 5ace34e132bba1001ae49e3c | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Washington University has over 300 undergraduate student organizations on campus. Most are funded by the Washington University Student Union, which has a $2 million plus annual budget that is completely student-controlled and is one of the largest student government budgets in the country. Known as SU for short, the St... | How much does the Washington University radio program take to run per year? | How much does the Washington University radio program take to run per year? | [
"How much does the Washington University radio program take to run per year?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79906 | 570640a275f01819005e7aca | MP3 | A sample rate of 44.1 kHz is almost always used, because this is also used for CD audio, the main source used for creating MP3 files. A greater variety of bit rates are used on the Internet. The rate of 128 kbit/s is commonly used, at a compression ratio of 11:1, offering adequate audio quality in a relatively small sp... | As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread? | As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread? | [
"As technology advances, what is another higher bit rate that is beginning to spread?"
] | {
"text": [
"320 kbit/s"
],
"answer_start": [
420
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12389 | 5a65d2b2c2b11c001a425d6b | Antibiotics | The emergence of resistance of bacteria to antibiotics is a common phenomenon. Emergence of resistance often reflects evolutionary processes that take place during antibiotic therapy. The antibiotic treatment may select for bacterial strains with physiologically or genetically enhanced capacity to survive high doses of... | What does emergence of bacteria reflect? | What does emergence of bacteria reflect? | [
"What does emergence of bacteria reflect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36141 | 572f9268a23a5019007fc787 | Printed_circuit_board | Panelization is a procedure whereby a number of PCBs are grouped for manufacturing onto a larger board - the panel. Usually a panel consists of a single design but sometimes multiple designs are mixed on a single panel. There are two types of panels: assembly panels - often called arrays - and bare board manufacturing ... | What type of panels can also be referred to as an "array?' | What type of panels can also be referred to as an "array?' | [
"What type of panels can also be referred to as an \"array?'"
] | {
"text": [
"assembly panels"
],
"answer_start": [
251
]
} |
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