gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-30534 | 5ace3ad732bba1001ae49f85 | Appalachian_Mountains | Characteristic birds of the forest are wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris), ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus), mourning dove (Zenaida macroura), common raven (Corvus corax), wood duck (Aix sponsa), great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), barred owl (Strix varia), screech owl (Megascops asio), red-tailed hawk (Buteo... | What type of duck is rarely found in the forests? | What type of duck is rarely found in the forests? | [
"What type of duck is rarely found in the forests?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30544 | 5ace39de32bba1001ae49f40 | Appalachian_Mountains | Animals that characterize the Appalachian forests include five species of tree squirrels. The most commonly seen is the low to moderate elevation eastern gray squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). Occupying similar habitat is the slightly larger fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) and the much smaller southern flying squirrel (Gla... | What trees are the red squirrel confined to? | What trees are the red squirrel confined to? | [
"What trees are the red squirrel confined to?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57837 | 572724fef1498d1400e8f3fd | Affirmative_action_in_the_United_States | Affirmative action in the United States tends to focus on issues such as education and employment, specifically granting special consideration to racial minorities, Native Americans, and women who have been historically excluded groups in America. Reports have shown that minorities and women have faced discrimination i... | Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field? | Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field? | [
"Affirmative action does not only attempt to remove disadvantages, but also to ensure what about the number of people in a field?"
] | {
"text": [
"are more representative of the populations they serve"
],
"answer_start": [
691
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34642 | 56f8d6409e9bad19000a05c0 | Southampton | Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train runn... | What's the current destination of the freight-only line the Hampshire County Council wants to use to expand passenger service? | What's the current destination of the freight-only line the Hampshire County Council wants to use to expand passenger service? | [
"What's the current destination of the freight-only line the Hampshire County Council wants to use to expand passenger service?"
] | {
"text": [
"Fawley"
],
"answer_start": [
374
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-39805 | 57295be46aef051400154d69 | New_Haven,_Connecticut | Since approximately 2000, many parts of downtown New Haven have been revitalized, with new restaurants, nightlife, and small retail stores. In particular, the area surrounding the New Haven Green has experienced an influx of apartments and condominiums. In recent years, downtown retail options have increased with the o... | How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area? | How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area? | [
"How has the media perceive most of these changes to the Downtown area?"
] | {
"text": [
"positive press from various periodicals."
],
"answer_start": [
760
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3273 | 5707feb09e06ca38007e94d9 | Imamah_(Shia_doctrine) | Shias believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith (Usul al-Din).As the verse 4:165 of quran expresses the necessity to the appointment of the prophets; so after the demise of the prophet who will play the role of the prophet; till the people have not any plea against Allah.So the same logic that necessitated the ... | Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith? | Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith? | [
"Who believe that Imamah is of the Principles of Faith?"
] | {
"text": [
"Shias"
],
"answer_start": [
0
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-87189 | 5a1f74bf54a786001a36b2ca | Videoconferencing | Videoconferencing can enable individuals in distant locations to participate in meetings on short notice, with time and money savings. Technology such as VoIP can be used in conjunction with desktop videoconferencing to enable low-cost face-to-face business meetings without leaving the desk, especially for businesses w... | As of June 2010 what percentage of telecommuters used the technology frequently? | As of June 2010 what percentage of telecommuters used the technology frequently? | [
"As of June 2010 what percentage of telecommuters used the technology frequently?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109224 | 57278d02f1498d1400e8fbc9 | Carnival | Tarragona has one of the region's most complete ritual sequences. The events start with the building of a huge barrel and ends with its burning with the effigies of the King and Queen. On Saturday, the main parade takes place with masked groups, zoomorphic figures, music and percussion bands, and groups with fireworks ... | What are the clothing of the Carnival groups full of? | What are the clothing of the Carnival groups full of? | [
"What are the clothing of the Carnival groups full of?"
] | {
"text": [
"elegance"
],
"answer_start": [
425
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115779 | 5727e99aff5b5019007d9841 | Galicia_(Spain) | Hundreds of ancient standing stone monuments like dolmens, menhirs and megalithics Tumulus were erected during the prehistoric period in Galicia, amongst the best-known are the dolmens of Dombate, Corveira, Axeitos of Pedra da Arca, menhirs like the "Lapa de Gargñáns". From the Iron Age, Galicia has a rich heritage bas... | Name two of these cities. | Name two of these cities. | [
"Name two of these cities."
] | {
"text": [
"Lugo and Ourense"
],
"answer_start": [
721
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-79254 | 572770c1dd62a815002e9cec | Heian_period | As the Soga clan had taken control of the throne in the sixth century, the Fujiwara by the ninth century had intermarried with the imperial family, and one of their members was the first head of the Emperor's Private Office. Another Fujiwara became regent, Sesshō for his grandson, then a minor emperor, and yet another ... | Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power? | Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power? | [
"Which emperor suspended the Fujiwara clan's power?"
] | {
"text": [
"Daigo"
],
"answer_start": [
488
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31020 | 57274177dd62a815002e9a31 | Mexico_City | A staple for consumers in the city is the omnipresent "mercado". Every major neighborhood in the city has its own borough-regulated market, often more than one. These are large well-established facilities offering most basic products, such as fresh produce and meat/poultry, dry goods, tortillerías, and many other servi... | The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados? | The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados? | [
"The author uses which adjective to describe the mercados?"
] | {
"text": [
"omnipresent"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113344 | 5a8783441d3cee001a6a120a | Vacuum | In 1930, Paul Dirac proposed a model of the vacuum as an infinite sea of particles possessing negative energy, called the Dirac sea. This theory helped refine the predictions of his earlier formulated Dirac equation, and successfully predicted the existence of the positron, confirmed two years later. Werner Heisenberg'... | What in the late 20th century did Dirac theorize can be measured? | What in the late 20th century did Dirac theorize can be measured? | [
"What in the late 20th century did Dirac theorize can be measured?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38978 | 5a2c5ab1bfd06b001a5aeb34 | Serbo-Croatian | The luxurious and ornate representative texts of Serbo-Croatian Church Slavonic belong to the later era, when they coexisted with the Serbo-Croatian vernacular literature. The most notable are the "Missal of Duke Novak" from the Lika region in northwestern Croatia (1368), "Evangel from Reims" (1395, named after the tow... | In what year was the first printed book in Lika made? | In what year was the first printed book in Lika made? | [
"In what year was the first printed book in Lika made?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34240 | 5ad41595604f3c001a40030d | Alaska | The Alaska State Troopers are Alaska's statewide police force. They have a long and storied history, but were not an official organization until 1941. Before the force was officially organized, law enforcement in Alaska was handled by various federal agencies. Larger towns usually have their own local police and some v... | What is the same about a "Public Safety Officer" that distiguishes the position from a policeman? | What is the same about a "Public Safety Officer" that distiguishes the position from a policeman? | [
"What is the same about a \"Public Safety Officer\" that distiguishes the position from a policeman?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-11454 | 572798e7708984140094e1d4 | North_Carolina | The first Confederate soldier to be killed in the Civil War was Private Henry Wyatt from North Carolina, in the Battle of Big Bethel in June 1861. At the Battle of Gettysburg in July 1863, the 26th North Carolina Regiment participated in Pickett/Pettigrew's Charge and advanced the farthest into the Northern lines of an... | Where was henry Wyatt from? | Where was henry Wyatt from? | [
"Where was henry Wyatt from?"
] | {
"text": [
"North Carolina"
],
"answer_start": [
89
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-10154 | 572844272ca10214002da1f7 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | To varying degrees, Nasser's statist system of government was continued in Egypt and emulated by virtually all Arab republics, namely Algeria, Syria, Iraq, Tunisia, Yemen, Sudan, and Libya. Ahmed Ben Bella, Algeria's first president, was a staunch Nasserist. Abdullah al-Sallal drove out the king of North Yemen in the n... | What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen? | What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen? | [
"What Nasserist usurped the King of Yemen?"
] | {
"text": [
"Abdullah al-Sallal"
],
"answer_start": [
259
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61681 | 5728289f4b864d190016460d | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's has traditionally been one of the safest cities in Canada to live; however, in recent years crime in the city has steadily increased. While nationally crime decreased by 4% in 2009, the total crime rate in St. John's saw an increase of 4%. During this same time violent crime in the city decreased 6%, compare... | What city had the seventh-highest metropolitan crime index in 2010? | What city had the seventh-highest metropolitan crime index in 2010? | [
"What city had the seventh-highest metropolitan crime index in 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"St. John's"
],
"answer_start": [
590
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-94186 | 5a7e53b470df9f001a875737 | Cork_(city) | The city's FM radio band features RTÉ Radio 1, RTÉ 2fm, RTÉ lyric fm, RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta, Today FM, 4fm, Newstalk and the religious station Spirit Radio. There are also local stations such as Cork's 96FM, Cork's Red FM, C103, CUH 102.0FM, UCC 98.3FM (formerly Cork Campus Radio 97.4fm) and Christian radio station ... | What days is Spirit Radio on the air? | What days is Spirit Radio on the air? | [
"What days is Spirit Radio on the air?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-58841 | 572aaf31be1ee31400cb8171 | Rajasthan | Rajasthan is known for its traditional, colorful art. The block prints, tie and dye prints, Bagaru prints, Sanganer prints, and Zari embroidery are major export products from Rajasthan. Handicraft items like wooden furniture and crafts, carpets, and blue pottery are commonly found here. Shopping reflects the colorful c... | What colors are dresses in Rajasthan typically made using? | What colors are dresses in Rajasthan typically made using? | [
"What colors are dresses in Rajasthan typically made using?"
] | {
"text": [
"bright colors like blue, yellow and orange"
],
"answer_start": [
670
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-83371 | 5727d1c94b864d1900163de1 | Dominican_Order | The spiritual tradition of Dominic's Order is punctuated not only by charity, study and preaching, but also by instances of mystical union. The Dominican emphasis on learning and on charity distinguishes it from other monastic and mendicant orders. As the order first developed on the European continent, learning contin... | In what country did some of the Dominican Order attributes change? | In what country did some of the Dominican Order attributes change? | [
"In what country did some of the Dominican Order attributes change?"
] | {
"text": [
"England"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13696 | 5a35bbcb788daf001a5f864c | Glacier | Mean speeds vary greatly, but is typically around 1 m (3 ft) per day. There may be no motion in stagnant areas; for example, in parts of Alaska, trees can establish themselves on surface sediment deposits. In other cases, glaciers can move as fast as 20–30 m (70–100 ft) per day, such as in Greenland's Jakobshavn Isbræ ... | What makes some glaciers stagnant? | What makes some glaciers stagnant? | [
"What makes some glaciers stagnant?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19518 | 5ad5f8a25b96ef001a10af5b | Comprehensive_school | Finland has used comprehensive schools since the 1970s, in the sense that everyone is expected to complete the nine grades of peruskoulu, from the age 7 to 16. The division to lower comprehensive school (grades 1–6, ala-aste, alakoulu) and upper comprehensive school (grades 7–9, yläaste, yläkoulu) has been discontinued... | In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools? | In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools? | [
"In what decade did Sweden begin employing comprehensive schools?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113868 | 56f981b79b226e1400dd14e0 | Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom) | The headquarters of the MoD are in Whitehall and are now known as Main Building. This structure is neoclassical in style and was originally built between 1938 and 1959 to designs by Vincent Harris to house the Air Ministry and the Board of Trade. The northern entrance in Horse Guards Avenue is flanked by two monumental... | Who designed the headquarters of the MoD? | Who designed the headquarters of the MoD? | [
"Who designed the headquarters of the MoD?"
] | {
"text": [
"Vincent Harris"
],
"answer_start": [
182
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14306 | 572ecec0cb0c0d14000f15b8 | Han_dynasty | Wang Mang initiated a series of major reforms that were ultimately unsuccessful. These reforms included outlawing slavery, nationalizing land to equally distribute between households, and introducing new currencies, a change which debased the value of coinage. Although these reforms provoked considerable opposition, Wa... | What caused the end of Wang Mang's regime? | What caused the end of Wang Mang's regime? | [
"What caused the end of Wang Mang's regime?"
] | {
"text": [
"massive floods"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-27316 | 572ee3c7c246551400ce4788 | Transistor | There are two types of transistors, which have slight differences in how they are used in a circuit. A bipolar transistor has terminals labeled base, collector, and emitter. A small current at the base terminal (that is, flowing between the base and the emitter) can control or switch a much larger current between the c... | How many types of transistors are there? | How many types of transistors are there? | [
"How many types of transistors are there?"
] | {
"text": [
"two"
],
"answer_start": [
10
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4366 | 56ddf6914396321400ee250d | Institute_of_technology | The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. ... | Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals? | Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals? | [
"Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?"
] | {
"text": [
"medicine"
],
"answer_start": [
382
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50464 | 572ea6dbdfa6aa1500f8d255 | Neptune | Neptune's dark spots are thought to occur in the troposphere at lower altitudes than the brighter cloud features, so they appear as holes in the upper cloud decks. As they are stable features that can persist for several months, they are thought to be vortex structures. Often associated with dark spots are brighter, pe... | When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do? | When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do? | [
"When Neptune's dark spots migrate too close to the equator, what do they do?"
] | {
"text": [
"dissipate"
],
"answer_start": [
560
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114245 | 572697ec5951b619008f7782 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | On 17 November 1989, The Sun headlined a page 2 news story titled "STRAIGHT SEX CANNOT GIVE YOU AIDS – OFFICIAL." The Sun favourably cited the opinions of Lord Kilbracken, a member of the All Parliamentary Group on AIDS. Lord Kilbracken said that only one person out of the 2,372 individuals with HIV/AIDS mentioned in a... | With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated? | With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated? | [
"With which group was Lord Kilbracken associated?"
] | {
"text": [
"All Parliamentary Group on AIDS"
],
"answer_start": [
188
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64530 | 573356a5d058e614000b587c | Portugal | In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second mar... | Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage? | Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage? | [
"Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage?"
] | {
"text": [
"King John V of Portugal"
],
"answer_start": [
403
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2346 | 56d0b63c234ae51400d9c418 | Buddhism | Impermanence (Pāli: anicca) expresses the Buddhist notion that all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent. Everything we can experience through our senses is made up of parts, and its existence is dependent on external conditions. Everything is in cons... | What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism? | What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism? | [
"What is the meaning of impermanence in Buddhism?"
] | {
"text": [
"all compounded or conditioned phenomena (all things and experiences) are inconstant, unsteady, and impermanent"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-42413 | 5728e3e62ca10214002daa3c | Karl_Popper | In 2004, philosopher and psychologist Michel ter Hark (Groningen, The Netherlands) published a book, called Popper, Otto Selz and the rise of evolutionary epistemology, in which he claimed that Popper took some of his ideas from his tutor, the German psychologist Otto Selz. Selz never published his ideas, partly becaus... | Which German psychologist and tutor of Popper may have originated some of Popper's ideas? | Which German psychologist and tutor of Popper may have originated some of Popper's ideas? | [
"Which German psychologist and tutor of Popper may have originated some of Popper's ideas?"
] | {
"text": [
"Otto Selz"
],
"answer_start": [
264
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9904 | 5728050dff5b5019007d9b12 | Gamal_Abdel_Nasser | After the three-year transition period ended with Nasser's official assumption of power, his domestic and independent foreign policies increasingly collided with the regional interests of the UK and France. The latter condemned his strong support for Algerian independence, and the UK's Eden government was agitated by N... | What communist country did Nasser and Egypt recognize? | What communist country did Nasser and Egypt recognize? | [
"What communist country did Nasser and Egypt recognize?"
] | {
"text": [
"China"
],
"answer_start": [
458
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98116 | 56e19fb6cd28a01900c67a28 | Hydrogen | Large quantities of H
2 are needed in the petroleum and chemical industries. The largest application of H
2 is for the processing ("upgrading") of fossil fuels, and in the production of ammonia. The key consumers of H
2 in the petrochemical plant include hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking. H
2 h... | What are the consumers of H2 in petrochemical plant? | What are the consumers of H2 in petrochemical plant? | [
"What are the consumers of H2 in petrochemical plant?"
] | {
"text": [
"hydrodealkylation, hydrodesulfurization, and hydrocracking"
],
"answer_start": [
255
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75328 | 5ad14be9645df0001a2d1627 | Labour_Party_(UK) | The Black Wednesday economic disaster in September 1992 left the Conservative government's reputation for monetary excellence in tatters, and by the end of that year Labour had a comfortable lead over the Tories in the opinion polls. Although the recession was declared over in April 1993 and a period of strong and sust... | When did the recession start? | When did the recession start? | [
"When did the recession start?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-30370 | 5726ba1add62a815002e8e58 | Raleigh,_North_Carolina | North Carolina State University is located in southwest Raleigh where the Wolfpack competes nationally in 24 intercollegiate varsity sports as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference. The university's football team plays in Carter-Finley Stadium, the third largest football stadium in North Carolina, while the men's b... | Where does the football team for North Carolina State University play? | Where does the football team for North Carolina State University play? | [
"Where does the football team for North Carolina State University play?"
] | {
"text": [
"Carter-Finley Stadium"
],
"answer_start": [
226
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7728 | 56ddf42566d3e219004dae61 | Iranian_languages | Old Persian is the Old Iranian dialect as it was spoken in south-western Iran by the inhabitants of Parsa, who also gave their name to their region and language. Genuine Old Persian is best attested in one of the three languages of the Behistun inscription, composed circa 520 BC, and which is the last inscription (and ... | When was the Behistun inscription written? | When was the Behistun inscription written? | [
"When was the Behistun inscription written?"
] | {
"text": [
"520 BC"
],
"answer_start": [
273
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-74895 | 570e8a5e0b85d914000d7f84 | Melbourne | The Story of the Kelly Gang, the world's first feature film, was shot in Melbourne in 1906. Melbourne filmmakers continued to produce bushranger films until they were banned by Victorian politicians in 1912 for the perceived promotion of crime, thus contributing to the decline of one of the silent film era's most produ... | What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians? | What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians? | [
"What year were bushranger films banned by Victorian politicians?"
] | {
"text": [
"1912"
],
"answer_start": [
202
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-65018 | 572955386aef051400154d06 | Renewable_energy_commercialization | According to the International Energy Agency, cellulosic ethanol biorefineries could allow biofuels to play a much bigger role in the future than organizations such as the IEA previously thought. Cellulosic ethanol can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible cellulose fibers that form the stems and bra... | What can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible celllose fibers thta form the stems and branches of most plants? | What can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible celllose fibers thta form the stems and branches of most plants? | [
"What can be made from plant matter composed primarily of inedible celllose fibers thta form the stems and branches of most plants?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cellulosic ethanol"
],
"answer_start": [
196
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66743 | 5727965bf1498d1400e8fce5 | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On October 2, the Popular Front formally launched its political platform at a two-day congress. Väljas attended, gambling that the front could help Estonia become a model of economic and political revival, while moderating separatist and other radical tendencies. On November 16, 1988, the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian... | Who claimed Estonia's national resources? | Who claimed Estonia's national resources? | [
"Who claimed Estonia's national resources?"
] | {
"text": [
"Estonia's parliament"
],
"answer_start": [
451
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9667 | 5725de7eec44d21400f3d6f7 | Montevideo | There are several other important art museums in Montevideo. The National Museum of Visual Arts in Parque Rodó has Uruguay's largest collection of paintings. The Juan Manuel Blanes Museum was founded in 1930, the 100th anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay, significant with regard to the fact that Juan Manue... | Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located? | Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located? | [
"Where is the National Museum of Visual Arts located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Parque Rodó"
],
"answer_start": [
99
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41158 | 57316581a5e9cc1400cdbf24 | Egypt | Constitutional changes voted on 19 March 2007 prohibited parties from using religion as a basis for political activity, allowed the drafting of a new anti-terrorism law, authorised broad police powers of arrest and surveillance, and gave the president power to dissolve parliament and end judicial election monitoring. I... | What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position? | What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position? | [
"What was Dr. Ali El Deen Hilal Dessouki's position?"
] | {
"text": [
"Media Secretary of the National Democratic Party"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69618 | 573019dc947a6a140053d0ee | Windows_8 | Windows 8 introduced major changes to the operating system's platform and user interface to improve its user experience on tablets, where Windows was now competing with mobile operating systems, including Android and iOS. In particular, these changes included a touch-optimized Windows shell based on Microsoft's "Metro"... | Who are Windows main operating system competitors? | Who are Windows main operating system competitors? | [
"Who are Windows main operating system competitors?"
] | {
"text": [
"Android and iOS"
],
"answer_start": [
205
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-110794 | 57302728947a6a140053d1a3 | Iran | The Special Clerical Court handles crimes allegedly committed by clerics, although it has also taken on cases involving lay people. The Special Clerical Court functions independently of the regular judicial framework and is accountable only to the Supreme Leader. The Court's rulings are final and cannot be appealed. Th... | The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body? | The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body? | [
"The Special Clerical Court is accountable to only which body?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Supreme Leader"
],
"answer_start": [
244
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34641 | 56f8d6409e9bad19000a05bf | Southampton | Local train services operate in the central, southern and eastern sections of the city and are operated by South West Trains, with stations at Swaythling, St Denys, Millbrook, Redbridge, Bitterne, Sholing and Woolston. Plans were announced by Hampshire County Council in July 2009 for the introduction of tram-train runn... | In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail? | In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail? | [
"In what year did a proposal to expand light rail service to Portsmouth and Gosport fail?"
] | {
"text": [
"2005"
],
"answer_start": [
565
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-37690 | 57288fa83acd2414000dfb18 | London | In 2003, a congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre. With a few exceptions, motorists are required to pay £10 per day to drive within a defined zone encompassing much of central London. Motorists who are residents of the defined zone can buy a greatly reduced season pass. London gov... | Drivers who live in a given zone reduce the cost of their congestion charge by means of what? | Drivers who live in a given zone reduce the cost of their congestion charge by means of what? | [
"Drivers who live in a given zone reduce the cost of their congestion charge by means of what?"
] | {
"text": [
"season pass"
],
"answer_start": [
297
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54338 | 5ad2d622d7d075001a42a406 | Christian | Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes" which is used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus in Acts 24. Tertullian (Against Marcion 4:8) records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes," while around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in e... | In which book of the New Testament does Marcion refer to Christians as Nazarenes as? | In which book of the New Testament does Marcion refer to Christians as Nazarenes as? | [
"In which book of the New Testament does Marcion refer to Christians as Nazarenes as?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56370 | 5a45a2c619a820001a1edacb | Nonprofit_organization | Public and private sector employment has, for the most part, been able to offer more for their employees than most nonprofit agencies throughout history. Either in the form of higher wages, more comprehensive benefit packages, or less tedious work, the public and private sector has enjoyed an advantage in attracting em... | What have NPO's enjoyed an advantage in over the public and private sector? | What have NPO's enjoyed an advantage in over the public and private sector? | [
"What have NPO's enjoyed an advantage in over the public and private sector?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41083 | 57313d70497a881900248cb8 | Egypt | Modern Egypt is considered to be a regional and middle power, with significant cultural, political, and military influence in North Africa, the Middle East and the Muslim world. Its economy is one of the largest and most diversified in the Middle East, with sectors such as tourism, agriculture, industry and services at... | What party rose to power after 2011 resignation of Egypt leader? | What party rose to power after 2011 resignation of Egypt leader? | [
"What party rose to power after 2011 resignation of Egypt leader?"
] | {
"text": [
"Muslim Brotherhood"
],
"answer_start": [
464
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-36476 | 5a2718fec93d92001a4003e5 | Immaculate_Conception | Another misunderstanding is that, by her immaculate conception, Mary did not need a saviour. When defining the dogma in Ineffabilis Deus, Pope Pius IX explicitly affirmed that Mary was redeemed in a manner more sublime. He stated that Mary, rather than being cleansed after sin, was completely prevented from contracting... | What is referred to as Mary's redemption by Christ? | What is referred to as Mary's redemption by Christ? | [
"What is referred to as Mary's redemption by Christ?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13249 | 56e7894300c9c71400d77267 | Nanjing | It is believed that Nanjing was the largest city in the world from 1358 to 1425 with a population of 487,000 in 1400. Nanjing remained the capital of the Ming Empire until 1421, when the third emperor of the Ming dynasty, the Yongle Emperor, relocated the capital to Beijing. | When did Nanjing cease to be the capital? | When did Nanjing cease to be the capital? | [
"When did Nanjing cease to be the capital?"
] | {
"text": [
"1421"
],
"answer_start": [
172
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33400 | 56f92d799b226e1400dd1269 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | 8th and 9th Streets run parallel to each other, beginning at Avenue D, interrupted by Tompkins Square Park at Avenue B, resuming at Avenue A and continuing to Sixth Avenue. West 8th Street is an important local shopping street. 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called St Mark's Place, but it is counted in... | 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what? | 8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what? | [
"8th Street between Avenue A and Third Avenue is called what?"
] | {
"text": [
"St Mark's Place"
],
"answer_start": [
283
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-109813 | 5ad3fcc2604f3c001a3ffbaf | Capital_punishment_in_the_United_States | Within the context of the overall murder rate, the death penalty cannot be said to be widely or routinely used in the United States; in recent years the average has been about one execution for about every 700 murders committed, or 1 execution for about every 325 murder convictions. However, 32 of the 50 states still e... | What does Alabama law allow judges to do that is allowed in other states? | What does Alabama law allow judges to do that is allowed in other states? | [
"What does Alabama law allow judges to do that is allowed in other states?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-45437 | 5a61224de9e1cc001a33cf94 | Sahara | Arabic dialects are the most widely spoken languages in the Sahara. The live in the Red Sea Hills of southeastern Egypt and eastern Sudan. Arabic, Berber and its variants now regrouped under the term Amazigh (which includes the Guanche language spoken by the original Berber inhabitants of the Canary Islands) and Beja l... | Who does Keenan work for? | Who does Keenan work for? | [
"Who does Keenan work for?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-116284 | 5a690a478476ee001a58aa1b | Punjab,_Pakistan | As of June 2012[update], Pakistan's electricity problems were so severe that violent riots were taking place across Punjab. According to protesters, load shedding was depriving the cities of electricity 20–22 hours a day, causing businesses to go bust and making living extremely hard. Gujranwala, Toba Tek Singh, Faisal... | Which energy supplier rioted? | Which energy supplier rioted? | [
"Which energy supplier rioted?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73852 | 5ad56fb25b96ef001a10aebc | Warsaw_Pact | On 14 May 1955, the USSR and other seven European countries "reaffirming their desire for the establishment of a system of European collective security based on the participation of all European states irrespective of their social and political systems" established the Warsaw Pact in response to the integration of the ... | Which pact was formed in response to the separation of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO? | Which pact was formed in response to the separation of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO? | [
"Which pact was formed in response to the separation of the Federal Republic of Germany into NATO?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-23595 | 5731e1420fdd8d15006c65f8 | Separation_of_church_and_state_in_the_United_States | Robert S. Wood has argued that the United States is a model for the world in terms of how a separation of church and state—no state-run or state-established church—is good for both the church and the state, allowing a variety of religions to flourish. Speaking at the Toronto-based Center for New Religions, Wood said th... | What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on? | What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on? | [
"What does Wood believe the U.S. operates on?"
] | {
"text": [
"a sort of civic religion"
],
"answer_start": [
542
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18593 | 5726e3bd5951b619008f819c | Nigeria | Waste management including sewage treatment, the linked processes of deforestation and soil degradation, and climate change or global warming are the major environmental problems in Nigeria. Waste management presents problems in a mega city like Lagos and other major Nigerian cities which are linked with economic devel... | What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria? | What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria? | [
"What type of groups have been failing to keep up with waste management in Nigeria?"
] | {
"text": [
"municipal councils"
],
"answer_start": [
367
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73248 | 56db1b5ee7c41114004b4d34 | American_Idol | Season five began on January 17, 2006. It remains the highest-rated season in the show's run so far. Two of the more prominent contestants during the Hollywood round were the Brittenum twins who were later disqualified for identity theft. | When did season five premiere? | When did season five premiere? | [
"When did season five premiere?"
] | {
"text": [
"January 17, 2006"
],
"answer_start": [
21
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-72141 | 5727247c5951b619008f8669 | Capacitor | Capacitors may catastrophically fail when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating, or as they reach their normal end of life. Dielectric or metal interconnection failures may create arcing that vaporizes the dielectric fluid, resulting in case bulging, rupture, or even an explosion. Capacitors used in RF ... | What could cause the failure of a capacitor? | What could cause the failure of a capacitor? | [
"What could cause the failure of a capacitor?"
] | {
"text": [
"when subjected to voltages or currents beyond their rating"
],
"answer_start": [
37
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-3646 | 56bf7e603aeaaa14008c9685 | Beyoncé | LeToya Luckett and Roberson became unhappy with Mathew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. Beyoncé experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause. Her long-standing ... | Who helped Beyonce fight her depression the most? | Who helped Beyonce fight her depression the most? | [
"Who helped Beyonce fight her depression the most?"
] | {
"text": [
"her mother"
],
"answer_start": [
714
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81897 | 57280f8b4b864d190016436b | Royal_assent | Royal assent is not sufficient to give legal effect to an Act of Tynwald. By ancient custom, an act did not come into force until it had been promulgated at an open-air sitting of Tynwald, usually held on Tynwald Hill at St John's on St John's Day (24 June), but, since the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1753, on... | Promulgation of an Act of Tynwald originally consisted of reading it in English and which other language? | Promulgation of an Act of Tynwald originally consisted of reading it in English and which other language? | [
"Promulgation of an Act of Tynwald originally consisted of reading it in English and which other language?"
] | {
"text": [
"Manx"
],
"answer_start": [
467
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29417 | 5a568ac36349e2001acdce25 | Swaziland | About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricul... | What has low productivity compared to Swazi Nation Land? | What has low productivity compared to Swazi Nation Land? | [
"What has low productivity compared to Swazi Nation Land?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-113047 | 570da031df2f5219002ed072 | Adolescence | A questionnaire called the teen timetable has been used to measure the age at which individuals believe adolescents should be able to engage in behaviors associated with autonomy. This questionnaire has been used to gauge differences in cultural perceptions of adolescent autonomy, finding, for instance, that White pare... | What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors? | What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors? | [
"What questionaire has been used to measure the age in which adolescents should be able to engage in autonomous behaviors?"
] | {
"text": [
"teen timetable"
],
"answer_start": [
27
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-33398 | 56f92c0f9e9bad19000a07f4 | List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan | East 5th Street goes west to Cooper Square, but is interrupted between Avenues B and C by The Earth School, Public School 364, and between First Avenue and Avenue A by the Village View Apartments. | East 5th Street goes west to what stopping point? | East 5th Street goes west to what stopping point? | [
"East 5th Street goes west to what stopping point?"
] | {
"text": [
"Cooper Square"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50287 | 5acec38932bba1001ae4b329 | Neptune | In the wake of the discovery, there was much nationalistic rivalry between the French and the British over who deserved credit for the discovery. Eventually, an international consensus emerged that both Le Verrier and Adams jointly deserved credit. Since 1966, Dennis Rawlins has questioned the credibility of Adams's cl... | Who questioned the credibility of Adam's claim in the 19th century? | Who questioned the credibility of Adam's claim in the 19th century? | [
"Who questioned the credibility of Adam's claim in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-52553 | 57292e181d0469140077912b | Planck_constant | Niels Bohr introduced the first quantized model of the atom in 1913, in an attempt to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model. In classical electrodynamics, a charge moving in a circle should radiate electromagnetic radiation. If that charge were to be an electron orbiting a nucleus, the radiation ... | Why was the first quantized model of the atom introduced? | Why was the first quantized model of the atom introduced? | [
"Why was the first quantized model of the atom introduced?"
] | {
"text": [
"to overcome a major shortcoming of Rutherford's classical model"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61565 | 5a626555f8d794001af1bfb2 | St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador | St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than... | What city is London, England closer to than St. Johns? | What city is London, England closer to than St. Johns? | [
"What city is London, England closer to than St. Johns?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-56361 | 5a45a19119a820001a1edac1 | Nonprofit_organization | Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiri... | In what area does the public sector need employees? | In what area does the public sector need employees? | [
"In what area does the public sector need employees?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95750 | 5ad3e999604f3c001a3ff694 | Yale_University | Yale's museum collections are also of international stature. The Yale University Art Gallery, the country's first university-affiliated art museum, contains more than 180,000 works, including Old Masters and important collections of modern art, in the Swartout and Kahn buildings. The latter, Louis Kahn's first large-sc... | Who re-designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art? | Who re-designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art? | [
"Who re-designed the building for The Yale Center for British Art?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115189 | 5a39ecb72f14dd001ac72650 | Mammal | In 1997, the mammals were comprehensively revised by Malcolm C. McKenna and Susan K. Bell, which has resulted in the McKenna/Bell classification. Their 1997 book, Classification of Mammals above the Species Level, is the most comprehensive work to date on the systematics, relationships, and occurrences of all mammal ta... | What information about mammals does Simpson's book cover? | What information about mammals does Simpson's book cover? | [
"What information about mammals does Simpson's book cover?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90043 | 5acf7e2877cf76001a684f91 | Somerset | Hinkley Point C nuclear power station is a project to construct a 3,200 MW two reactor nuclear power station. On 18 October 2010, the British government announced that Hinkley Point – already the site of the disused Hinkley Point A and the still operational Hinkley Point B power stations – was one of the eight sites it... | In what year was Hinkley Point B finish construction? | In what year was Hinkley Point B finish construction? | [
"In what year was Hinkley Point B finish construction?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-16814 | 5725b5ca38643c19005acbaf | Israel | In 1165 Maimonides visited Jerusalem and prayed on the Temple Mount, in the "great, holy house". In 1141 Spanish-Jewish poet, Yehuda Halevi, issued a call to the Jews to emigrate to the Land of Israel, a journey he undertook himself. In 1187 Sultan Saladin, founder of the Ayyubid dynasty, defeated the Crusaders in the ... | When did Maimonides visit Jerusalem? | When did Maimonides visit Jerusalem? | [
"When did Maimonides visit Jerusalem?"
] | {
"text": [
"1165"
],
"answer_start": [
3
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-51850 | 570c5c6ffed7b91900d45923 | John,_King_of_England | The first part of the campaign went well, with John outmanoeuvring the forces under the command of Prince Louis and retaking the county of Anjou by the end of June. John besieged the castle of Roche-au-Moine, a key stronghold, forcing Louis to give battle against John's larger army. The local Angevin nobles refused to ... | John besieged what castle? | John besieged what castle? | [
"John besieged what castle?"
] | {
"text": [
"Roche-au-Moine"
],
"answer_start": [
193
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-48476 | 572843933acd2414000df804 | War_on_Terror | On the morning of 11 September 2001, 19 men affiliated with al-Qaeda hijacked four airliners all bound for California. Once the hijackers assumed control of the airliners, they told the passengers that they had the bomb on board and would spare the lives of passengers and crew once their demands were met – no passenger... | How many planes were hijacked on 9/11? | How many planes were hijacked on 9/11? | [
"How many planes were hijacked on 9/11?"
] | {
"text": [
"four"
],
"answer_start": [
78
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-112834 | 570b29d26b8089140040f7b1 | Xbox_360 | The Xbox Live Marketplace is a virtual market designed for the console that allows Xbox Live users to download purchased or promotional content. The service offers movie and game trailers, game demos, Xbox Live Arcade games and Xbox 360 Dashboard themes as well as add-on game content (items, costumes, levels etc.). The... | What virtual currency is used to make Marketplace purchases? | What virtual currency is used to make Marketplace purchases? | [
"What virtual currency is used to make Marketplace purchases?"
] | {
"text": [
"Microsoft Points"
],
"answer_start": [
756
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60280 | 572fd7e304bcaa1900d76db3 | Washington_University_in_St._Louis | Founded as the School of Commerce and Finance in 1917, the Olin Business School was named after entrepreneur John M. Olin in 1988. The school's academic programs include BSBA, MBA, Professional MBA (PMBA), Executive MBA (EMBA), MS in Finance, MS in Supply Chain Management, MS in Customer Analytics, Master of Accounting... | After whom is Olin Business School named? | After whom is Olin Business School named? | [
"After whom is Olin Business School named?"
] | {
"text": [
"John M. Olin"
],
"answer_start": [
109
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75773 | 5705ef7375f01819005e779f | The_Times | The Times was the first newspaper to send war correspondents to cover particular conflicts. W. H. Russell, the paper's correspondent with the army in the Crimean War, was immensely influential with his dispatches back to England. | Who was The Times first correspondent with an army? | Who was The Times first correspondent with an army? | [
"Who was The Times first correspondent with an army?"
] | {
"text": [
"W. H. Russell"
],
"answer_start": [
92
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18749 | 5ad0b768645df0001a2d0143 | Premier_League | The competition formed as the FA Premier League on 20 February 1992 following the decision of clubs in the Football League First Division to break away from the Football League, which was originally founded in 1888, and take advantage of a lucrative television rights deal. The deal was worth £1 billion a year domestica... | In what year was the Football League First Division founded? | In what year was the Football League First Division founded? | [
"In what year was the Football League First Division founded?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93100 | 5aceee5932bba1001ae4b94a | Tajikistan | Despite repeated efforts by the Tajik government to improve and expand health care, the system remains extremely underdeveloped and poor, with severe shortages of medical supplies. The state's Ministry of Labor and Social Welfare reported that 104,272 disabled people are registered in Tajikistan (2000). This group of p... | How many disabled people are unregistered in Tajikistan? | How many disabled people are unregistered in Tajikistan? | [
"How many disabled people are unregistered in Tajikistan?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115681 | 5727b23d3acd2414000dea05 | Galicia_(Spain) | In the 9th century, the rise of the cult of the Apostle James in Santiago de Compostela gave Galicia a particular symbolic importance among Christians, an importance it would hold throughout the Reconquista. As the Middle Ages went on, Santiago became a major pilgrim destination and the Way of Saint James (Camiño de Sa... | To stop the Vikings from raiding, what did the Galicians build as a defense system? | To stop the Vikings from raiding, what did the Galicians build as a defense system? | [
"To stop the Vikings from raiding, what did the Galicians build as a defense system?"
] | {
"text": [
"Towers of Catoira"
],
"answer_start": [
698
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54602 | 5ad564915b96ef001a10ad9f | Macintosh | Compaq, who had previously held the third place spot among PC manufacturers during the 1980s and early-mid 1990s, initiated a successful price war in 1994 that vaulted them to the biggest by the year end, overtaking a struggling IBM and relegating Apple to third place. Apple's market share further struggled due to the ... | Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1993? | Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1993? | [
"Who did Compaq overtake in the price war of 1993?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35223 | 57268fad5951b619008f769b | Gothic_architecture | Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture. Originating in 12th-century France and lasting into the 16th century, Gothic architecture was known during the period as Opus Fr... | What is one time period in which Gothic architecture flourished? | What is one time period in which Gothic architecture flourished? | [
"What is one time period in which Gothic architecture flourished?"
] | {
"text": [
"late medieval period"
],
"answer_start": [
83
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102195 | 56f9de7f9e9bad19000a0b31 | High-definition_television | Since the formal adoption of digital video broadcasting's (DVB) widescreen HDTV transmission modes in the early 2000s; the 525-line NTSC (and PAL-M) systems, as well as the European 625-line PAL and SECAM systems, are now regarded as standard definition television systems. | 525 and 625-line systems are now considered what? | 525 and 625-line systems are now considered what? | [
"525 and 625-line systems are now considered what?"
] | {
"text": [
"standard definition television systems"
],
"answer_start": [
234
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-70517 | 56dfdfd97aa994140058e1f5 | Pub | A "beer engine" is a device for pumping beer, originally manually operated and typically used to dispense beer from a cask or container in a pub's basement or cellar. | What is a "beer engine"? | What is a "beer engine"? | [
"What is a \"beer engine\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"a device for pumping beer"
],
"answer_start": [
19
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-93615 | 5728b55c2ca10214002da62a | Estonia | In 1989, during the "Singing Revolution", in a landmark demonstration for more independence, more than two million people formed a human chain stretching through Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, called the Baltic Way. All three nations had similar experiences of occupation and similar aspirations for regaining independen... | How many people created a chain of solidarity that went Estonia and other countries? | How many people created a chain of solidarity that went Estonia and other countries? | [
"How many people created a chain of solidarity that went Estonia and other countries?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than two million people"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103531 | 571e032d5569731900639103 | Multiracial_American | By the 1980s, parents of mixed-race children (and adults of mixed-race ancestry) began to organize and lobby for the ability to show more than one ethnic category on Census and other legal forms. They refused to be put into just one category. When the U.S. government proposed the addition of the category of "bi-racial"... | What did they fear would happen? | What did they fear would happen? | [
"What did they fear would happen?"
] | {
"text": [
"a loss in political and economic power"
],
"answer_start": [
602
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100143 | 5ace625732bba1001ae4a4f8 | Guam | Guam is served by the Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport, which is a hub for United Airlines. The island is outside the United States customs zone so Guam is responsible for establishing and operating its own customs and quarantine agency and jurisdiction. Therefore, the U.S. Customs and Border Protection only ca... | Which company's planes land most often at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport? | Which company's planes land most often at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport? | [
"Which company's planes land most often at Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4380 | 56ddfb3dcffd8e1900b4b552 | Institute_of_technology | The world's first Institute of Technology the Berg-Schola (Bergschule) established in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary by the Court Chamber of Vienna in 1735 providing Further education to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining. In 1762 the institute ranked up to be Academia providing Higher Education cou... | Who established the Berg-Schola? | Who established the Berg-Schola? | [
"Who established the Berg-Schola?"
] | {
"text": [
"Court Chamber of Vienna"
],
"answer_start": [
125
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-406 | 56f95da19b226e1400dd13c5 | Marshall_Islands | During the early years of the Cold War from 1946 to 1958, the United States tested 67 nuclear weapons at its Pacific Proving Grounds located in the Marshall Islands, including the largest atmospheric nuclear test ever conducted by the U.S., code named Castle Bravo. "The bombs had a total yield of 108,496 kilotons, over... | What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons? | What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons? | [
"What was the yield of the Castle Bravo bombs in kilotons?"
] | {
"text": [
"108,496"
],
"answer_start": [
298
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-99050 | 5a824e8131013a001a3353cf | Turner_Classic_Movies | TCM's library of films spans several decades of cinema and includes thousands of film titles. Besides its deals to broadcast film releases from Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Warner Bros. Entertainment, Turner Classic Movies also maintains movie licensing rights agreements with Universal Studios, Paramount Pictures, 20th Cent... | What includes thousands of Janus Films? | What includes thousands of Janus Films? | [
"What includes thousands of Janus Films?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9450 | 5a6bb4fa4eec6b001a80a508 | Myocardial_infarction | Aspirin has been studied extensively in people considered at increased risk of myocardial infarction. Based on numerous studies in different groups (e.g. people with or without diabetes), there does not appear to be a benefit strong enough to outweigh the risk of excessive bleeding. Nevertheless, many clinical practice... | People with diabetes have an increased likelihood of what side effect? | People with diabetes have an increased likelihood of what side effect? | [
"People with diabetes have an increased likelihood of what side effect?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-86537 | 5a78822bb73996001af5a6b8 | Royal_Institute_of_British_Architects | Originally named the Institute of British Architects in London, it was formed in 1834 by several prominent architects, including Philip Hardwick, Thomas Allom, William Donthorne, Thomas Leverton Donaldson, William Adams Nicholson, John Buonarotti Papworth, and Thomas de Grey, 2nd Earl de Grey. | What profession did people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey avoid? | What profession did people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey avoid? | [
"What profession did people like Philip Hardwick, William Adams Nicholson and Thomas de Grey avoid?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85336 | 572800aaff5b5019007d9ab3 | European_Central_Bank | The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary e... | What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due? | What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due? | [
"What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due?"
] | {
"text": [
"contrary effect"
],
"answer_start": [
310
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-31366 | 572696a1708984140094cb07 | Germans | After World War II, eastern European countries such as the Soviet Union, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and Yugoslavia expelled the Germans from their territories. Many of those had inhabited these lands for centuries, developing a unique culture. Germans were also forced to leave the former eastern territori... | With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens? | With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens? | [
"With the conclusion of World War 2 what did most Eastern Europe countries do with their German citizens?"
] | {
"text": [
"expelled the Germans"
],
"answer_start": [
129
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115204 | 5a39f00e2f14dd001ac72661 | Mammal | The first amniotes apparently arose in the Late Carboniferous. They descended from earlier reptiliomorph amphibious tetrapods, which lived on land that was already inhabited by insects and other invertebrates as well as by ferns, mosses and other plants. Within a few million years, two important amniote lineages became... | From what period did the first insects come from? | From what period did the first insects come from? | [
"From what period did the first insects come from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40373 | 5ad68dcd191832001aa7b1af | Paper | To make pulp from wood, a chemical pulping process separates lignin from cellulose fibres. This is accomplished by dissolving lignin in a cooking liquor, so that it may be washed from the cellulose; this preserves the length of the cellulose fibres. Paper made from chemical pulps are also known as wood-free papers–not ... | What is combined with the cellulose fibres? | What is combined with the cellulose fibres? | [
"What is combined with the cellulose fibres?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-15989 | 57342d2b4776f41900661a0d | Infection | Another effective way to decrease the transmission rate of infectious diseases is to recognize the effects of small-world networks. In epidemics, there are often extensive interactions within hubs or groups of infected individuals and other interactions within discrete hubs of susceptible individuals. Despite the low i... | Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what? | Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what? | [
"Recognizing the effects of small-world networks allows one to decrease what?"
] | {
"text": [
"transmission rate of infectious diseases"
],
"answer_start": [
38
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-4932 | 56e1184ecd28a01900c67598 | Boston | The area's many colleges and universities make Boston an international center of higher education and medicine, and the city is considered to be a world leader in innovation. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activitie... | Bostons businesses rank top in the country for what? | Bostons businesses rank top in the country for what? | [
"Bostons businesses rank top in the country for what?"
] | {
"text": [
"environmental sustainability and investment"
],
"answer_start": [
483
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-18489 | 5726bee5f1498d1400e8e9f1 | Nigeria | The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was allegedly coined in the late 19th century by British journalist Flora Shaw, she was inspired by the name of the river, in preference to terms such as "Central Sudan". The origin of the name ''Nigeria'' came from the name of the N... | Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century? | Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century? | [
"Who came up with the name Nigeria in the 19th century?"
] | {
"text": [
"Flora Shaw"
],
"answer_start": [
155
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63574 | 5a7a486617ab25001a8a0461 | Buckingham_Palace | Court presentations of aristocratic young ladies to the monarch took place at the palace from the reign of Edward VII. These young women were known as débutantes, and the occasion—termed their "coming out"—represented their first entrée into society. Débutantes wore full court dress, with three tall ostrich feathers in... | What was the occasion where debutantes were exiled from society called? | What was the occasion where debutantes were exiled from society called? | [
"What was the occasion where debutantes were exiled from society called?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
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