gem_id stringlengths 21 25 | id stringlengths 24 24 | title stringclasses 397
values | context stringlengths 151 1.55k | question stringlengths 12 201 | target stringlengths 12 201 | references listlengths 1 1 | answers dict |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gem-squad_v2-train-7242 | 5a1370b9c8eab200188dc969 | Georgian_architecture | In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building ... | Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period? | Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period? | [
"Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40363 | 5ad68d9c191832001aa7b1aa | Paper | The word "paper" is etymologically derived from Latin papyrus, which comes from the Greek πάπυρος (papuros), the word for the Cyperus papyrus plant. Papyrus is a thick, paper-like material produced from the pith of the Cyperus papyrus plant, which was used in ancient Egypt and other Mediterranean cultures for writing b... | What part of the Cyperus wood was used in making papyrus? | What part of the Cyperus wood was used in making papyrus? | [
" What part of the Cyperus wood was used in making papyrus?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96867 | 56e0f3907aa994140058e807 | Canon_law | The Roman Catholic Church canon law also includes the main five rites (groups) of churches which are in full union with the Roman Catholic Church and the Supreme Pontiff: | What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff? | What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff? | [
"What is another name for the collections of other Catholic churches led by the Supreme Pontiff?"
] | {
"text": [
"rites"
],
"answer_start": [
64
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-69687 | 57302231b2c2fd1400568914 | Windows_8 | On August 1, 2012, Windows 8 (build 9200) was released to manufacturing with the build number 6.2.9200.16384 . Microsoft planned to hold a launch event on October 25, 2012 and release Windows 8 for general availability on the next day. However, only a day after its release to manufacturing, a copy of the final version ... | What was the final build Microsoft decided to manufacture? | What was the final build Microsoft decided to manufacture? | [
"What was the final build Microsoft decided to manufacture?"
] | {
"text": [
"9200"
],
"answer_start": [
36
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96202 | 5728cff2ff5b5019007da714 | Paris | France's highest courts are located in Paris. The Court of Cassation, the highest court in the judicial order, which reviews criminal and civil cases, is located in the Palais de Justice on the Île de la Cité, while the Conseil d'État, which provides legal advice to the executive and acts as the highest court in the ad... | Where are France's highest courts located? | Where are France's highest courts located? | [
"Where are France's highest courts located?"
] | {
"text": [
"Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
39
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-96444 | 57290440af94a219006a9f48 | Paris | Orly Airport, located in the southern suburbs of Paris, replaced Le Bourget as the principal airport of Paris from the 1950s to the 1980s. Charles de Gaulle Airport, located on the edge of the northern suburbs of Paris, opened to commercial traffic in 1974 and became the busiest Parisian airport in 1993. Today it is th... | Where is Orly airport located? | Where is Orly airport located? | [
"Where is Orly airport located?"
] | {
"text": [
"southern suburbs of Paris"
],
"answer_start": [
29
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6362 | 5ad2a543d7d075001a429dbb | PlayStation_3 | Following speculation that Sony was working on a 'slim' model, Sony officially announced the PS3 CECH-2000 model on August 18, 2009, at the Sony Gamescom press conference. New features included a slimmer form factor, decreased power consumption, and a quieter cooling system. It was released in major territories by Sept... | Where did Sony announce the PS4 CECH-2000? | Where did Sony announce the PS4 CECH-2000? | [
"Where did Sony announce the PS4 CECH-2000?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-76065 | 56e0d133231d4119001ac3e0 | Web_browser | This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to ... | A news: prefix is given to the user's what? | A news: prefix is given to the user's what? | [
"A news: prefix is given to the user's what?"
] | {
"text": [
"default newsgroup reader"
],
"answer_start": [
758
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50959 | 572ed741c246551400ce4710 | Seven_Years%27_War | Despite the debatable strategic success and the operational failure of the descent on Rochefort, William Pitt—who saw purpose in this type of asymmetric enterprise—prepared to continue such operations. An army was assembled under the command of Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough; he was aided by Lord George Sackv... | How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces? | How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces? | [
"How did the British invaders respond to the arrival of French relief forces?"
] | {
"text": [
"the expedition returned having damaged French privateering"
],
"answer_start": [
961
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-107470 | 572627a5ec44d21400f3da67 | Royal_Dutch_Shell | Downstream operations, which now also includes the chemicals business, generates a third of Shell's profits worldwide and is known for its global network of more than 40,000 petrol stations and its 47 oil refineries. The downstream business, which in some countries also included oil refining, generally included a retai... | Downstream operations currently includes what type of business? | Downstream operations currently includes what type of business? | [
"Downstream operations currently includes what type of business?"
] | {
"text": [
"chemicals"
],
"answer_start": [
51
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40449 | 5ad68f0d191832001aa7b1de | Paper | Paper at this point is uncoated. Coated paper has a thin layer of material such as calcium carbonate or china clay applied to one or both sides in order to create a surface more suitable for high-resolution halftone screens. (Uncoated papers are rarely suitable for screens above 150 lpi.) Coated or uncoated papers may ... | What process is done to not polish the surface of the paper? | What process is done to not polish the surface of the paper? | [
" What process is done to not polish the surface of the paper?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114214 | 572685275951b619008f7559 | The_Sun_(United_Kingdom) | These years included what was called "spectacularly malicious coverage" of the Labour Party by The Sun and other newspapers. During the general election of 1983 The Sun ran a front page featuring an unflattering photograph of Michael Foot, then aged almost 70, claiming he was unfit to be Prime Minister on grounds of hi... | Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election? | Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election? | [
"Who did The Sun support in the 1984 U.S. presidential election?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ronald Reagan"
],
"answer_start": [
516
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35984 | 57270eb35951b619008f854a | Comcast | On February 11, 2004, Comcast announced a $54 billion bid for The Walt Disney Company, as well as taking on $12 billion of Disney's debt. The deal would have made Comcast the largest media conglomerate in the world. However, after rejection by Disney and uncertain response from investors, the bid was abandoned in April... | How much money did Comcast offer for this company? | How much money did Comcast offer for this company? | [
"How much money did Comcast offer for this company?"
] | {
"text": [
"$54 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
42
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47581 | 572fd240a23a5019007fca42 | Armenia | A liberal foreign investment law was approved in June 1994, and a law on privatisation was adopted in 1997, as well as a program of state property privatisation. Continued progress will depend on the ability of the government to strengthen its macroeconomic management, including increasing revenue collection, improving... | When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation? | When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation? | [
"When did Armenia establish a law on privatisation?"
] | {
"text": [
"1997"
],
"answer_start": [
102
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101739 | 56d62dc31c85041400946f8a | Dog | According to statistics published by the American Pet Products Manufacturers Association in the National Pet Owner Survey in 2009–2010, it is estimated there are 77.5 million people with pet dogs in the United States. The same survey shows nearly 40% of American households own at least one dog, of which 67% own just on... | The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010? | The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010? | [
"The National Pet Owner Survey reported how many people had pet dogs in America between 2009 and 2010?"
] | {
"text": [
"77.5 million"
],
"answer_start": [
162
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-55200 | 5a396ad82f14dd001ac72309 | Everton_F.C. | Everton have had many other nicknames over the years. When the black kit was worn Everton were nicknamed "The Black Watch", after the famous army regiment. Since going blue in 1901, Everton have been given the simple nickname "The Blues". Everton's attractive style of play led to Steve Bloomer calling the team "scienti... | Who did Steve Bloomer play for during his career? | Who did Steve Bloomer play for during his career? | [
"Who did Steve Bloomer play for during his career?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-47997 | 5726e4c8f1498d1400e8ef0a | Napoleon | When he became First Consul and later Emperor, Napoleon eschewed his general's uniform and habitually wore the simple green colonel uniform (non-Hussar) of a colonel of the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard, the regiment that often served as his personal escort, with a large bicorne. He also habitually wore (usua... | After becoming First Consul, Napoleon typically wore the uniform of which rank, rather than general? | After becoming First Consul, Napoleon typically wore the uniform of which rank, rather than general? | [
"After becoming First Consul, Napoleon typically wore the uniform of which rank, rather than general?"
] | {
"text": [
"colonel"
],
"answer_start": [
124
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60803 | 5a37170a95360f001af1b3fb | Gregorian_calendar | A language-independent alternative used in many countries is to hold up one's two fists with the index knuckle of the left hand against the index knuckle of the right hand. Then, starting with January from the little knuckle of the left hand, count knuckle, space, knuckle, space through the months. A knuckle represents... | What method for determining months is dependent on language? | What method for determining months is dependent on language? | [
"What method for determining months is dependent on language?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-103216 | 5ad2bec5d7d075001a42a0ce | Multiracial_American | In their attempt to ensure white supremacy decades after emancipation, in the early 20th century, most southern states created laws based on the one-drop rule, defining as black, persons with any known African ancestry. This was a stricter interpretation than what had prevailed in the 19th century; it ignored the many ... | What kind of rule did lawyers say the one-drop rule was an example of? | What kind of rule did lawyers say the one-drop rule was an example of? | [
"What kind of rule did lawyers say the one-drop rule was an example of?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6681 | 5ad34c62604f3c001a3fdcb2 | PlayStation_3 | In January 2008, Kaz Hirai, CEO of Sony Computer Entertainment, suggested that the console may start making a profit by early 2009, stating that, "the next fiscal year starts in April and if we can try to achieve that in the next fiscal year that would be a great thing" and that "[profitability] is not a definite commi... | When did Hirai think the PS2 might start making the company some money? | When did Hirai think the PS2 might start making the company some money? | [
"When did Hirai think the PS2 might start making the company some money?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-6592 | 5ad345fe604f3c001a3fdc57 | PlayStation_3 | PlayStation Plus (commonly abbreviated PS+ and occasionally referred to as PSN Plus) is a premium PlayStation Network subscription service that was officially unveiled at E3 2010 by Jack Tretton, President and CEO of SCEA. Rumors of such service had been in speculation since Kaz Hirai's announcement at TGS 2009 of a po... | What's the name of Microsoft's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service? | What's the name of Microsoft's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service? | [
"What's the name of Microsoft's exclusive PlayStation Network subscription service?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12058 | 56e15ca6cd28a01900c6780e | Universal_Studios | Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio,... | What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in? | What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in? | [
"What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Buck Privates"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-12448 | 5a65e1c2c2b11c001a425da9 | Antibiotics | The emergence of antibiotic resistance has prompted restrictions on their use in the UK in 1970 (Swann report 1969), and the EU has banned the use of antibiotics as growth-promotional agents since 2003. Moreover, several organizations (e.g., The American Society for Microbiology (ASM), American Public Health Associatio... | What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of medical organizations and the production of food animals? | What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of medical organizations and the production of food animals? | [
"What 3 US organizations have called for the banning of medical organizations and the production of food animals?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54041 | 5ad3e6c3604f3c001a3ff5e1 | Canadian_Armed_Forces | After the 1980s, the use of the "Canadian Armed Forces" name gave way to "Canadian Forces";[citation needed] The "Canadian Armed Forces" name returned in 2013. | When was the French Armed Forces name reintroduced? | When was the French Armed Forces name reintroduced? | [
" When was the French Armed Forces name reintroduced?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-100933 | 57278fba5951b619008f8d8d | Hindu_philosophy | The Yoga school builds on the Samkhya school theory that jñāna (knowledge) is a sufficient means to moksha. It suggests that systematic techniques/practice (personal experimentation) combined with Samkhya's approach to knowledge is the path to moksha. Yoga shares several central ideas with Advaita Vedanta, with the dif... | What principle does yoga use from Samkhya? | What principle does yoga use from Samkhya? | [
"What principle does yoga use from Samkhya?"
] | {
"text": [
"jñāna"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34905 | 5a21d2fc8a6e4f001aa08f29 | Political_philosophy | In Anglo-American academic political philosophy, the publication of John Rawls's A Theory of Justice in 1971 is considered a milestone. Rawls used a thought experiment, the original position, in which representative parties choose principles of justice for the basic structure of society from behind a veil of ignorance.... | What is Robert Nozick's book considered in American philosophy? | What is Robert Nozick's book considered in American philosophy? | [
"What is Robert Nozick's book considered in American philosophy?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115125 | 57261e7c271a42140099d4a3 | Mammal | Mammals include the largest animals on the planet, the rorquals and other large whales, as well as some of the most intelligent, such as elephants, primates, including humans, and cetaceans. The basic body type is a four-legged land-borne animal, but some mammals are adapted for life at sea, in the air, in trees, or on... | Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest? | Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest? | [
"Which four legged mammal is considered to be the smartest?"
] | {
"text": [
"elephants"
],
"answer_start": [
137
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-102080 | 5729281f6aef051400154ae7 | States_of_Germany | The Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany, the federal constitution, stipulates that the structure of each Federal State's government must "conform to the principles of republican, democratic, and social government, based on the rule of law" (Article 28). Most of the states are governed by a cabinet led by a Min... | Most states are governed by what figure? | Most states are governed by what figure? | [
"Most states are governed by what figure?"
] | {
"text": [
"Ministerpräsident"
],
"answer_start": [
317
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84802 | 5ad4d90a5b96ef001a10a36c | San_Diego | San Diego's first television station was KFMB, which began broadcasting on May 16, 1949. Since the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) licensed seven television stations in Los Angeles, two VHF channels were available for San Diego because of its relative proximity to the larger city. In 1952, however, the FCC bega... | Which television station began broadcasting on May 16, 1994? | Which television station began broadcasting on May 16, 1994? | [
"Which television station began broadcasting on May 16, 1994?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7038 | 5731434205b4da19006bcf87 | Red | Red is associated with dominance in a number of animal species. For example, in mandrills, red coloration of the face is greatest in alpha males, increasingly less prominent in lower ranking subordinates, and directly correlated with levels of testosterone. Red can also affect the perception of dominance by others, lea... | What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills? | What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills? | [
"What is the effect of exposing a human to red when it comes to cognitive skills?"
] | {
"text": [
"decreases performance"
],
"answer_start": [
1183
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17088 | 570e2db80b85d914000d7d16 | Uranium | The discovery and isolation of radium in uranium ore (pitchblende) by Marie Curie sparked the development of uranium mining to extract the radium, which was used to make glow-in-the-dark paints for clock and aircraft dials. This left a prodigious quantity of uranium as a waste product, since it takes three tonnes of ur... | What devices were painted with radium paint? | What devices were painted with radium paint? | [
"What devices were painted with radium paint?"
] | {
"text": [
"clock and aircraft dials"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-25745 | 5a833f39e60761001a2eb4b4 | Copper | Copper, silver and gold are in group 11 of the periodic table, and they share certain attributes: they have one s-orbital electron on top of a filled d-electron shell and are characterized by high ductility and electrical conductivity. The filled d-shells in these elements do not contribute much to the interatomic inte... | What is the only property that copper, silver and gold have in common? | What is the only property that copper, silver and gold have in common? | [
"What is the only property that copper, silver and gold have in common?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-89435 | 5a14cde7a54d420018529358 | Great_power | Referring to great power relations pre-1960, Joshua Baron highlights that starting from around the 16th century and the rise of several European great powers, military conflicts and confrontations was the defining characteristic of diplomacy and relations between such powers. "Between 1500 and 1953, there were 64 wars ... | How many wars occurred pre-1960, that averaged about 5 years? | How many wars occurred pre-1960, that averaged about 5 years? | [
"How many wars occurred pre-1960, that averaged about 5 years?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2104 | 5ad178f7645df0001a2d1d9c | Military_history_of_the_United_States | With the emergence of ISIL and its capture of large areas of Iraq and Syria, a number of crises resulted that sparked international attention. ISIL had perpetrated sectarian killings and war crimes in both Iraq and Syria. Gains made in the Iraq war were rolled back as Iraqi army units abandoned their posts. Cities were... | What was the goal of UK and coalition airstrikes in Syria? | What was the goal of UK and coalition airstrikes in Syria? | [
" What was the goal of UK and coalition airstrikes in Syria?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-75619 | 57278fad708984140094e0ef | Cubism | This technique of representing simultaneity, multiple viewpoints (or relative motion) is pushed to a high degree of complexity in Gleizes' monumental Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing), exhibited at the 1912 Salon de la Section d'Or, Le Fauconnier’s Abundance shown at the Indépendants of 1911, and Delaunay's... | Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or? | Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or? | [
"Which of Gliezes pieces was featured at Salon de la Section d'Or? "
] | {
"text": [
"Le Dépiquage des Moissons (Harvest Threshing)"
],
"answer_start": [
150
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-95222 | 56df93124a1a83140091eb64 | Alexander_Graham_Bell | The question of priority for the variable resistance feature of the telephone was raised by the examiner before he approved Bell's patent application. He told Bell that his claim for the variable resistance feature was also described in Gray's caveat. Bell pointed to a variable resistance device in Bell's previous appl... | What liquid did Bell use in his first application? | What liquid did Bell use in his first application? | [
"What liquid did Bell use in his first application?"
] | {
"text": [
"mercury"
],
"answer_start": [
361
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-82640 | 56e7b00300c9c71400d774ea | Daylight_saving_time | Xinjiang, China; Argentina; Chile; Iceland; Russia and other areas skew time zones westward, in effect observing DST year-round without complications from clock shifts. For example, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, is at 106°39′ W longitude, slightly west of center of the idealized Mountain Time Zone (105° W), but the time in ... | Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST? | Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST? | [
"Places like northeast India that shift time zones to the east could be considered to be observing what kind of DST?"
] | {
"text": [
"negative DST"
],
"answer_start": [
600
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-71016 | 56e786e700c9c71400d77244 | University_of_Kansas | The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university, with five campuses. KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health P... | At least how many different degree-granting programs exist at KU? | At least how many different degree-granting programs exist at KU? | [
"At least how many different degree-granting programs exist at KU?"
] | {
"text": [
"345"
],
"answer_start": [
459
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92991 | 5733b5a64776f419006610fc | Tajikistan | Tajikistan is landlocked, and is the smallest nation in Central Asia by area. It lies mostly between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°). It is covered by mountains of the Pamir range, and more than fifty percent of the country is over 3,000... | Where exactly is Tajikistan? | Where exactly is Tajikistan? | [
"Where exactly is Tajikistan?"
] | {
"text": [
"between latitudes 36° and 41° N (a small area is north of 41°), and longitudes 67° and 75° E (a small area is east of 75°)"
],
"answer_start": [
93
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24931 | 56cf4837aab44d1400b88f24 | New_York_City | Real estate is a major force in the city's economy, as the total value of all New York City property was assessed at US$914.8 billion for the 2015 fiscal year. The Time Warner Center is the property with the highest-listed market value in the city, at US$1.1 billion in 2006. New York City is home to some of the nation'... | What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York? | What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York? | [
"What was the 2015 assessed value of all the property in New York?"
] | {
"text": [
"US$914.8 billion"
],
"answer_start": [
117
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14291 | 572ec73cc246551400ce4646 | Han_dynasty | Even before Han's expansion into Central Asia, diplomat Zhang Qian's travels from 139 to 125 BC had established Chinese contacts with many surrounding civilizations. Zhang encountered Dayuan (Fergana), Kangju (Sogdiana), and Daxia (Bactria, formerly the Greco-Bactrian Kingdom); he also gathered information on Shendu (I... | What empire had established an embassy in Anxi? | What empire had established an embassy in Anxi? | [
"What empire had established an embassy in Anxi?"
] | {
"text": [
"Han"
],
"answer_start": [
429
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-41466 | 56d523bd2593cc1400307aa8 | 2008_Sichuan_earthquake | The Zipingpu Hydropower Plant (simplified Chinese: 紫坪铺水库; traditional Chinese: 紫坪鋪水庫) located 20 km east of the epicenter was damaged. A recent inspection indicated that the damage was less severe than initially feared, and it remains structurally stable and safe. The Tulong reservoir upstream is in danger of collapse.... | How near to the epicenter was the power plant? | How near to the epicenter was the power plant? | [
"How near to the epicenter was the power plant?"
] | {
"text": [
"20 km"
],
"answer_start": [
94
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-43283 | 57265f0f708984140094c3ed | Poultry | Poultry is the second most widely eaten type of meat in the world, accounting for about 30% of total meat production worldwide compared to pork at 38%. Sixteen billion birds are raised annually for consumption, more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units. Global broiler meat production rose... | What type of enviornment is poultry most commonly raised in? | What type of enviornment is poultry most commonly raised in? | [
"What type of enviornment is poultry most commonly raised in?"
] | {
"text": [
"more than half of these in industrialised, factory-like production units"
],
"answer_start": [
211
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-61854 | 572a73ae27b69114009ef5c7 | Madrasa | There is disagreement whether madaris ever became universities. Scholars like Arnold H. Green and Seyyed Hossein Nasr have argued that starting in the 10th century, some medieval Islamic madaris indeed became universities. George Makdisi and others, however, argue that the European university has no parallel in the med... | What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris | What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris | [
"What class of people founded both European universities and Islamic madaris"
] | {
"text": [
"princely patrons"
],
"answer_start": [
486
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8502 | 5709add7ed30961900e843f9 | Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States_Census | For 1890, the Census Office changed the design of the population questionnaire. Residents were still listed individually, but a new questionnaire sheet was used for each family. Additionally, this was the first year that the census distinguished between different East Asian races, such as Japanese and Chinese, due to i... | Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census? | Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census? | [
"Why were different East Asian races divided in 1890 Census?"
] | {
"text": [
"increased immigration"
],
"answer_start": [
319
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101399 | 5ad28ba5d7d075001a4299ea | Molotov%E2%80%93Ribbentrop_Pact | After Germany entered a Tripartite Pact with Japan and Italy, Ribbentrop wrote to Stalin, inviting Molotov to Berlin for negotiations aimed to create a 'continental bloc' of Germany, Italy, Japan and the USSR that would oppose Britain and the USA. Stalin sent Molotov to Berlin to negotiate the terms for the Soviet Unio... | Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should reject this agreement of axis powers? | Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should reject this agreement of axis powers? | [
"Which Foreign Minister proposed that the Soviets should reject this agreement of axis powers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-7893 | 5726d1985951b619008f7f01 | Copyright_infringement | In response to Cusumano's perspective, Screen Producers Australia executive director Matt Deaner clarified the motivation of the film industry: "Distributors are usually wanting to encourage cinema-going as part of this process [monetizing through returns] and restrict the immediate access to online so as to encourage ... | What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater? | What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater? | [
"What is restricted to ensure the largest number of people see a movie at the theater?"
] | {
"text": [
"immediate access to online"
],
"answer_start": [
274
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-98072 | 56e17f00e3433e1400422f88 | Hydrogen | One of the first quantum effects to be explicitly noticed (but not understood at the time) was a Maxwell observation involving hydrogen, half a century before full quantum mechanical theory arrived. Maxwell observed that the specific heat capacity of H2 unaccountably departs from that of a diatomic gas below room tempe... | What theory supports this? | What theory supports this? | [
"What theory supports this?"
] | {
"text": [
"quantum theory"
],
"answer_start": [
427
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-81929 | 5728147dff5b5019007d9cad | Royal_assent | While royal assent has not been withheld in the United Kingdom since 1708, it has often been withheld in British colonies and former colonies by governors acting on royal instructions. In the United States Declaration of Independence, colonists complained that George III "has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholes... | The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch? | The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch? | [
"The United States Declaration of Independence mentions which British monarch?"
] | {
"text": [
"George III"
],
"answer_start": [
261
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-38542 | 5acd198007355d001abf34cd | Materialism | Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote: | Who disagrees with the quantum theory? | Who disagrees with the quantum theory? | [
"Who disagrees with the quantum theory? "
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115290 | 57263e4c38643c19005ad36b | Mammal | Most mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young. However, the five species of monotreme, the platypuses and the echidnas, lay eggs. The monotremes have a sex determination system different from that of most other mammals. In particular, the sex chromosomes of a platypus are more like those of a chicken than tho... | Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs? | Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs? | [
"Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs?"
] | {
"text": [
"platypus"
],
"answer_start": [
101
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19672 | 5ad601975b96ef001a10b023 | Comprehensive_school | Education in Northern Ireland differs slightly from systems used elsewhere in the United Kingdom, but it is more similar to that used in England and Wales than it is to Scotland. | Which country is Northern Ireland's school system most different from? | Which country is Northern Ireland's school system most different from? | [
"Which country is Northern Ireland's school system most different from?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-64886 | 57293b691d0469140077918f | Renewable_energy_commercialization | Total investment in renewable energy (including small hydro-electric projects) was $244 billion in 2012, down 12% from 2011 mainly due to dramatically lower solar prices and weakened US and EU markets. As a share of total investment in power plants, wind and solar PV grew from 14% in 2000 to over 60% in 2012. The top c... | What six were the top countries for investment in recent years? | What six were the top countries for investment in recent years? | [
"What six were the top countries for investment in recent years?"
] | {
"text": [
"China, Germany, Spain, the United States, Italy, and Brazil"
],
"answer_start": [
365
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-8661 | 56e09b2a7aa994140058e639 | Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic | On January 25, 1918 the third meeting of the All-Russian Congress of Soviets renamed the unrecognized state the Soviet Russian Republic. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed on March 3, 1918, giving away much of the land of the former Russian Empire to Germany in exchange for peace during the rest of World War I. On ... | What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? | What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic? | [
"What document renamed the state the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic?"
] | {
"text": [
"Russian Constitution of 1918"
],
"answer_start": [
339
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-84720 | 573021e1947a6a140053d163 | San_Diego | Many popular museums, such as the San Diego Museum of Art, the San Diego Natural History Museum, the San Diego Museum of Man, the Museum of Photographic Arts, and the San Diego Air & Space Museum are located in Balboa Park, which is also the location of the San Diego Zoo. The Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego (MCASD... | Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier? | Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier? | [
"Which museum houses the USS Midway aircraft carrier?"
] | {
"text": [
"San Diego Aircraft Carrier Museum"
],
"answer_start": [
638
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57573 | 5ad21c6ad7d075001a428454 | Quran | In addition to and independent of the division into suras, there are various ways of dividing the Quran into parts of approximately equal length for convenience in reading. The 30 juz' (plural ajzāʼ) can be used to read through the entire Quran in a month. Some of these parts are known by names—which are the first few ... | How many ahzab aren't in a juz'? | How many ahzab aren't in a juz'? | [
"How many ahzab aren't in a juz'?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-115799 | 572e7c00c246551400ce4241 | Richard_Feynman | Feynman was a keen popularizer of physics through both books and lectures, including a 1959 talk on top-down nanotechnology called There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom, and the three-volume publication of his undergraduate lectures, The Feynman Lectures on Physics. Feynman also became known through his semi-autobiograp... | What was the name of Feynman's lectures he made as an undergraduate? | What was the name of Feynman's lectures he made as an undergraduate? | [
"What was the name of Feynman's lectures he made as an undergraduate?"
] | {
"text": [
"The Feynman Lectures on Physics"
],
"answer_start": [
233
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-35740 | 570a574f4103511400d5962b | Imperial_College_London | Imperial College TV
ICTV (formerly STOIC (Student Television of Imperial College)) is Imperial College Union's TV station, founded in 1969 and operated from a small TV studio in the Electrical Engineering block. The department had bought an early AMPEX Type A 1-inch videotape recorder and this was used to produce an oc... | Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence? | Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence? | [
"Where was a cable link located that connected the Southside Halls of residence?"
] | {
"text": [
"Exhibition Road"
],
"answer_start": [
519
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-17447 | 570e54c20b85d914000d7e4f | Uranium | Most ingested uranium is excreted during digestion. Only 0.5% is absorbed when insoluble forms of uranium, such as its oxide, are ingested, whereas absorption of the more soluble uranyl ion can be up to 5%. However, soluble uranium compounds tend to quickly pass through the body, whereas insoluble uranium compounds, es... | About what percentage of uranium oxide is absorbed when ingested? | About what percentage of uranium oxide is absorbed when ingested? | [
"About what percentage of uranium oxide is absorbed when ingested?"
] | {
"text": [
"0.5%"
],
"answer_start": [
57
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-395 | 56f95ca49e9bad19000a088b | Marshall_Islands | The battle in the Marshall Islands caused irreparable damage, especially on Japanese bases. During the American bombing, the islands' population suffered from lack of food and various injuries. U.S. attacks started in mid-1943, and caused half the Japanese garrison of 5,100 people in the atoll Mili to die from hunger b... | In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin? | In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin? | [
"In what year did American air attacks on the Marshalls begin?"
] | {
"text": [
"1943"
],
"answer_start": [
222
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-53544 | 5ad25906d7d075001a428def | Dialect | A standard dialect (also known as a standardized dialect or "standard language") is a dialect that is supported by institutions. Such institutional support may include government recognition or designation; presentation as being the "correct" form of a language in schools; published grammars, dictionaries, and textbook... | There may be only one what associated with multiple languages? | There may be only one what associated with multiple languages? | [
"There may be only one what associated with multiple languages?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-21282 | 56e6c13ade9d371400068014 | Adult_contemporary_music | Adult contemporary traces its roots to the 1960s easy listening format, which adopted a 70-80% instrumental - 20-30% vocal mix. A few offered 90% instrumentals, and a handful were entirely instrumental. The easy listening format, as it was first known, was born of a desire by some radio stations in the late 1950s and e... | On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published? | On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published? | [
"On what date was the Billboard easy listening chart first published?"
] | {
"text": [
"July 17, 1961"
],
"answer_start": [
495
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54647 | 570cfcdffed7b91900d45b9a | Macintosh | Starting in 2006, Apple's industrial design shifted to favor aluminum, which was used in the construction of the first MacBook Pro. Glass was added in 2008 with the introduction of the unibody MacBook Pro. These materials are billed as environmentally friendly. The iMac, MacBook Pro, MacBook Air, and Mac Mini lines cur... | Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction? | Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction? | [
"Which Mac used aluminum in it's construction?"
] | {
"text": [
"MacBook Pro"
],
"answer_start": [
119
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-90643 | 5731ec3fe99e3014001e63ce | Pacific_War | In January, Japan invaded Burma, the Dutch East Indies, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and captured Manila, Kuala Lumpur and Rabaul. After being driven out of Malaya, Allied forces in Singapore attempted to resist the Japanese during the Battle of Singapore but surrendered to the Japanese on 15 February 1942; about 13... | What islands did Japan invade? | What islands did Japan invade? | [
"What islands did Japan invade?"
] | {
"text": [
"Solomon Islands"
],
"answer_start": [
72
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-78905 | 56cd8ec662d2951400fa6706 | The_Legend_of_Zelda:_Twilight_Princess | When Link enters the Twilight Realm, the void that corrupts parts of Hyrule, he transforms into a wolf.[h] He is eventually able to transform between his Hylian and wolf forms at will. As a wolf, Link loses the ability to use his sword, shield, or any secondary items; he instead attacks by biting, and defends primarily... | Hostile spirits are also known as what? | Hostile spirits are also known as what? | [
"Hostile spirits are also known as what?"
] | {
"text": [
"Poes"
],
"answer_start": [
1014
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-111248 | 5731b0b30fdd8d15006c645f | Religion_in_ancient_Rome | Chthonic gods such as Dis pater, the di inferi ("gods below"), and the collective shades of the departed (di Manes) were given dark, fertile victims in nighttime rituals. Animal sacrifice usually took the form of a holocaust or burnt offering, and there was no shared banquet, as "the living cannot share a meal with the... | What feature had importance in sacrifices? | What feature had importance in sacrifices? | [
"What feature had importance in sacrifices?"
] | {
"text": [
"Color"
],
"answer_start": [
489
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-67186 | 5727131c5951b619008f8584 | Nutrition | Some organizations have begun working with teachers, policymakers, and managed foodservice contractors to mandate improved nutritional content and increased nutritional resources in school cafeterias from primary to university level institutions. Health and nutrition have been proven to have close links with overall ed... | What percentage of American students report that they currently eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables? | What percentage of American students report that they currently eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables? | [
"What percentage of American students report that they currently eat the recommended servings of fruits and vegetables?"
] | {
"text": [
"10"
],
"answer_start": [
360
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-26324 | 5ad0e22f645df0001a2d07a9 | Edmund_Burke | Writing to a friend in May 1795, Burke surveyed the causes of discontent: "I think I can hardly overrate the malignity of the principles of Protestant ascendency, as they affect Ireland; or of Indianism [i.e. corporate tyranny, as practiced by the British East Indies Company], as they affect these countries, and as the... | Who practiced Protestant ascendency? | Who practiced Protestant ascendency? | [
"Who practiced Protestant ascendency?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-85836 | 571126c6b654c5140001fbe0 | Nintendo_Entertainment_System | The NES uses a custom-made Picture Processing Unit (PPU) developed by Ricoh. All variations of the PPU feature 2 kB of video RAM, 256 bytes of on-die "object attribute memory" (OAM) to store the positions, colors, and tile indices of up to 64 sprites on the screen, and 28 bytes of on-die palette RAM to allow selection ... | How many grays could be used as well? | How many grays could be used as well? | [
"How many grays could be used as well?"
] | {
"text": [
"6"
],
"answer_start": [
572
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-63195 | 5a7a316817ab25001a8a038f | Czech_language | Nouns are also inflected for number, distinguishing between singular and plural. Typical of a Slavic language, Czech cardinal numbers one through four allow the nouns and adjectives they modify to take any case, but numbers over five place these nouns and adjectives in the genitive case when the entire expression is in... | In what case do hypothetical sentences place numbers? | In what case do hypothetical sentences place numbers? | [
"In what case do hypothetical sentences place numbers?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14496 | 572f9b7a04bcaa1900d76adb | Han_dynasty | The Han-era Chinese used bronze and iron to make a range of weapons, culinary tools, carpenters' tools and domestic wares. A significant product of these improved iron-smelting techniques was the manufacture of new agricultural tools. The three-legged iron seed drill, invented by the 2nd century BC, enabled farmers to ... | How many persons were necessary to operate an iron plow? | How many persons were necessary to operate an iron plow? | [
"How many persons were necessary to operate an iron plow?"
] | {
"text": [
"one man"
],
"answer_start": [
471
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14119 | 56f96fee9b226e1400dd1455 | Brain | The two neurotransmitters that are used most widely in the vertebrate brain are glutamate, which almost always exerts excitatory effects on target neurons, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is almost always inhibitory. Neurons using these transmitters can be found in nearly every part of the brain. Because of t... | Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory? | Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory? | [
"Which of two neurotransmitters is usually inhibitory?"
] | {
"text": [
"gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)"
],
"answer_start": [
160
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-60067 | 56f991dc9e9bad19000a0aeb | Zhejiang | Throughout history there have been a series of lingua francas in the area to allow for better communication. The dialects spoken in Hangzhou, Shaoxing, and Ningbo have taken on this role historically. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Mandarin, which is not mutually intelligible with any of ... | Throughout history there have been a series of what in the area to allow for better communication? | Throughout history there have been a series of what in the area to allow for better communication? | [
"Throughout history there have been a series of what in the area to allow for better communication?"
] | {
"text": [
"lingua francas"
],
"answer_start": [
47
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-14231 | 56f990359b226e1400dd1596 | Brain | In the second half of the 20th century, developments in chemistry, electron microscopy, genetics, computer science, functional brain imaging, and other fields progressively opened new windows into brain structure and function. In the United States, the 1990s were officially designated as the "Decade of the Brain" to co... | Which decade in history was officially called the "Decade of the Brain"? | Which decade in history was officially called the "Decade of the Brain"? | [
"Which decade in history was officially called the \"Decade of the Brain\"?"
] | {
"text": [
"the 1990s"
],
"answer_start": [
249
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13853 | 5a83215fe60761001a2eb425 | BBC_Television | Initially, the station's range was officially a 40 kilometres radius of the Alexandra Palace transmitter—in practice, however, transmissions could be picked up a good deal further away, and on one occasion in 1938 were picked up by engineers at RCA in New York, who were experimenting with a British television set. | What was 40 kilometers away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter? | What was 40 kilometers away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter? | [
"What was 40 kilometers away from the Alexandra Palace transmitter?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66172 | 5a64ca387f3c80001a150be0 | ASCII | ASCII (i/ˈæski/ ASS-kee), abbreviated from American Standard Code for Information Interchange, is a character-encoding scheme (the IANA prefers the name US-ASCII). ASCII codes represent text in computers, communications equipment, and other devices that use text. Most modern character-encoding schemes are based on ASCI... | What are most fully backward schemes based on? | What are most fully backward schemes based on? | [
"What are most fully backward schemes based on?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-88814 | 5a2222d7819328001af38a05 | Circadian_rhythm | The rhythm is linked to the light–dark cycle. Animals, including humans, kept in total darkness for extended periods eventually function with a free-running rhythm. Their sleep cycle is pushed back or forward each "day", depending on whether their "day", their endogenous period, is shorter or longer than 24 hours. The ... | What is the term for the environmental cues that dertermine daily rythems? | What is the term for the environmental cues that dertermine daily rythems? | [
"What is the term for the environmental cues that dertermine daily rythems?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-603 | 56de81824396321400ee2993 | Plymouth | The first record of the existence of a settlement at Plymouth was in the Domesday Book in 1086 as Sudtone, Saxon for south farm, located at the present day Barbican. From Saxon times, it was in the hundred of Roborough. In 1254 it gained status as a town and in 1439, became the first town in England to be granted a Cha... | What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book? | What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book? | [
"What was the name of the Plymouth-area settlement recorded in the Domesday Book?"
] | {
"text": [
"Sudtone"
],
"answer_start": [
98
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-22983 | 5735c8876c16ec1900b927be | Kathmandu | Most of the fairs and festivals in Kathmandu originated in the Malla period or earlier. Traditionally, these festivals were celebrated by Newars. In recent years, these festivals have found wider participation from other Kathmanduites as well. As the capital of the Republic of Nepal, various national festivals are cele... | To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to? | To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to? | [
"To what era do a majority of Kathmandu's festivals date back to?"
] | {
"text": [
"Malla"
],
"answer_start": [
63
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-57367 | 5a544d4c134fea001a0e1705 | Muslim_world | The two main denominations of Islam are the Sunni and Shia sects. They differ primarily upon of how the life of the ummah ("faithful") should be governed, and the role of the imam. These two main differences stem from the understanding of which hadith are to interpret the Quran. Sunnis believe the true political succes... | What type of sucessor do the Shia believe Abu Bakr was? | What type of sucessor do the Shia believe Abu Bakr was? | [
"What type of sucessor do the Shia believe Abu Bakr was?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-44672 | 56f895849e9bad19000a0184 | Gene | The existence of discrete inheritable units was first suggested by Gregor Mendel (1822–1884). From 1857 to 1864, he studied inheritance patterns in 8000 common edible pea plants, tracking distinct traits from parent to offspring. He described these mathematically as 2n combinations where n is the number of differing ch... | What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate? | What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate? | [
"What is another thing that Gregor Mendel was the first to demonstrate?"
] | {
"text": [
"the distinction between dominant and recessive traits"
],
"answer_start": [
729
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-40613 | 56e7691537bdd419002c3f6e | Paper | Paper waste accounts for up to 40% of total waste produced in the United States each year, which adds up to 71.6 million tons of paper waste per year in the United States alone. The average office worker in the US prints 31 pages every day. Americans also use on the order of 16 billion paper cups per year. | How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year? | How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year? | [
"How many millions of tons of paper are wasted in the US each year?"
] | {
"text": [
"71.6 million"
],
"answer_start": [
108
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-66916 | 57283caa3acd2414000df77f | Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union | On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the B... | What were the Soviets hoping to stop? | What were the Soviets hoping to stop? | [
"What were the Soviets hoping to stop?"
] | {
"text": [
"independence movement"
],
"answer_start": [
135
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-54534 | 570ce1a4b3d812140066d2d9 | Macintosh | As for Mac OS, System 7 was a 32-bit rewrite from Pascal to C++ that introduced virtual memory and improved the handling of color graphics, as well as memory addressing, networking, and co-operative multitasking. Also during this time, the Macintosh began to shed the "Snow White" design language, along with the expensi... | What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house? | What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house? | [
"What was established for bringing Apple's design work in-house?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Apple Industrial Design Group"
],
"answer_start": [
434
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-92564 | 5731450de6313a140071cda4 | United_States_Air_Force | The purpose of electronic warfare is to deny the opponent an advantage in the EMS and ensure friendly, unimpeded access to the EM spectrum portion of the information environment. Electronic warfare aircraft are used to keep airspaces friendly, and send critical information to anyone who needs it. They are often called ... | What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for? | What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for? | [
"What does the USAF use the E-4B aircraft for?"
] | {
"text": [
"Airborne Command Post"
],
"answer_start": [
552
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13972 | 56de83cecffd8e1900b4b9c3 | BBC_Television | While the "footprint" of the Astra 2D satellite was smaller than that of Astra 2A, from which it was previously broadcast encrypted, it meant that viewers with appropriate equipment were able to receive BBC channels "free-to-air" over much of Western Europe. Consequently, some rights concerns have needed to be resolved... | What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital? | What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital? | [
"What are two specific broadcasts suspended on Sky Digital?"
] | {
"text": [
"Scottish Premier League and Scottish Cup football"
],
"answer_start": [
559
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-24208 | 5ad41570604f3c001a4002fa | Bermuda | The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on 1 June 1967; it was amended in 1989 and 2003. The head of government is the premier. A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modelled on the Westminster system. The Senate is ... | What was amended in 1983 and 2009? | What was amended in 1983 and 2009? | [
"What was amended in 1983 and 2009?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-73163 | 56db079fe7c41114004b4c7f | American_Idol | In the audition rounds, 121 contestants were selected from around 10,000 who attended the auditions. These were cut to 30 for the semifinal, with ten going on to the finals. One semifinalist, Delano Cagnolatti, was disqualified for lying to evade the show's age limit. One of the early favorites, Tamyra Gray, was elimin... | Which contestant was disqualified for lying about his age? | Which contestant was disqualified for lying about his age? | [
"Which contestant was disqualified for lying about his age?"
] | {
"text": [
"Delano Cagnolatti"
],
"answer_start": [
192
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-19916 | 5731a7740fdd8d15006c642e | Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas | The Native American name controversy is an ongoing dispute over the acceptable ways to refer to the indigenous peoples of the Americas and to broad subsets thereof, such as those living in a specific country or sharing certain cultural attributes. When discussing broader subsets of peoples, naming may be based on share... | Who used foreign language terms to give names to indigenous peoples? | Who used foreign language terms to give names to indigenous peoples? | [
"Who used foreign language terms to give names to indigenous peoples?"
] | {
"text": [
"earlier explorers and colonists"
],
"answer_start": [
521
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-101631 | 56d9b06edc89441400fdb6df | Dog | Dog communication is about how dogs "speak" to each other, how they understand messages that humans send to them, and how humans can translate the ideas that dogs are trying to transmit.:xii These communication behaviors include eye gaze, facial expression, vocalization, body posture (including movements of bodies and ... | In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs? | In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs? | [
"In addition to vocalization and body posture, how do people communicate with dogs?"
] | {
"text": [
"hand signals"
],
"answer_start": [
439
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-77167 | 5a29976503c0e7001a3e17ff | United_Nations_Population_Fund | UNFPA has been falsely accused by anti-family planning groups of providing support for government programs which have promoted forced-abortions and coercive sterilizations. Controversies regarding these claims have resulted in a sometimes shaky relationship between the organization and three presidential administration... | Which administrations funded UNFPA the most? | Which administrations funded UNFPA the most? | [
"Which administrations funded UNFPA the most?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-2703 | 56d2a05e59d6e41400146162 | Buddhism | Only the Theravada school does not include the Mahayana scriptures in its canon. As the modern Theravada school is descended from a branch of Buddhism that diverged and established itself in Sri Lanka prior to the emergence of the Mahayana texts, debate exists as to whether the Theravada were historically included in t... | What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon? | What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon? | [
"What school does not include the Mahayava scriptures in its canon?"
] | {
"text": [
"the Theravada"
],
"answer_start": [
5
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-9536 | 5725bfc338643c19005acc50 | Montevideo | During World War II, a famous incident involving the German pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee took place in Punta del Este, 200 kilometers (120 mi) from Montevideo. After the Battle of the River Plate with the Royal Navy and Royal New Zealand Navy on 13 December 1939, the Graf Spee retreated to Montevideo's port, whi... | Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in? | Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in? | [
"Where did the famous incident involving the German pocket battleship take place in?"
] | {
"text": [
"Punta del Este"
],
"answer_start": [
110
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-114831 | 5a7dc51370df9f001a87515b | Matter | The Standard Model groups matter particles into three generations, where each generation consists of two quarks and two leptons. The first generation is the up and down quarks, the electron and the electron neutrino; the second includes the charm and strange quarks, the muon and the muon neutrino; the third generation ... | What model has two generations? | What model has two generations? | [
"What model has two generations?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13120 | 5ad0255e77cf76001a686b99 | Republic_of_the_Congo | The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 200... | When were oil prices at a record low? | When were oil prices at a record low? | [
"When were oil prices at a record low?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-34632 | 56f8d3979e9bad19000a05ac | Southampton | Southampton is a major UK port which has good transport links with the rest of the country. The M27 motorway, linking places along the south coast of England, runs just to the north of the city. The M3 motorway links the city to London and also, via a link to the A34 (part of the European route E05) at Winchester, with... | Are Southampton's transport routes around the UK good or bad? | Are Southampton's transport routes around the UK good or bad? | [
"Are Southampton's transport routes around the UK good or bad?"
] | {
"text": [
"good"
],
"answer_start": [
41
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-13598 | 5726f7fe5951b619008f8398 | Glacier | A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, cr... | Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both? | Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both? | [
"Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both?"
] | {
"text": [
"only on land"
],
"answer_start": [
499
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-29467 | 5a56991a6349e2001acdce72 | Swaziland | In 2004, the Swaziland government acknowledged for the first time that it suffered an AIDS crisis, with 38.8% of tested pregnant women infected with HIV (see AIDS in Africa). The then Prime Minister Themba Dlamini declared a humanitarian crisis due to the combined effect of drought, land degradation, increased poverty,... | What crisis began in 2004? | What crisis began in 2004? | [
"What crisis began in 2004?"
] | {
"text": [],
"answer_start": []
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-50699 | 56e88a380b45c0140094ccee | Bern | It includes the entire Old Town, which is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and many sites within and around it. Some of the most notable in the Old Town include the Cathedral which was started in 1421 and is the tallest cathedral in Switzerland, the Zytglogge and Käfigturm towers, which mark two successive expansions... | When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built? | When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built? | [
"When was the biggest cathedral in Switzerland built?"
] | {
"text": [
"1421"
],
"answer_start": [
198
]
} |
gem-squad_v2-train-80284 | 572fa02704bcaa1900d76b0b | Bacteria | Most bacterial species are either spherical, called cocci (sing. coccus, from Greek kókkos, grain, seed), or rod-shaped, called bacilli (sing. bacillus, from Latin baculus, stick). Elongation is associated with swimming. Some bacteria, called vibrio, are shaped like slightly curved rods or comma-shaped; others can be s... | What shape Spirochaetes are? | What shape Spirochaetes are? | [
"What shape Spirochaetes are?"
] | {
"text": [
"tightly coiled"
],
"answer_start": [
354
]
} |
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